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    Clinical Trial Results:
    Adolescent Type 1 Diabetes Cardio-Renal Intervention Trial

    Summary
    EudraCT number
    2007-001039-72
    Trial protocol
    GB  
    Global end of trial date
    18 Jan 2017

    Results information
    Results version number
    v1(current)
    This version publication date
    11 Jun 2017
    First version publication date
    11 Jun 2017
    Other versions

    Trial information

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    Trial identification
    Sponsor protocol code
    RP06
    Additional study identifiers
    ISRCTN number
    ISRCTN91419926
    US NCT number
    NCT01581476
    WHO universal trial number (UTN)
    -
    Sponsors
    Sponsor organisation name
    Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, jointly with University of Cambridge
    Sponsor organisation address
    Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Rd, Cambridge, United Kingdom, CB2 0QQ
    Public contact
    Professor David Dunger, University Department of Paediatrics Box 116, Addenbrooke’s Hospital Hills Road, Cambridge, CB20QQ, +44 1223762944, dbd25@cam.ac.uk
    Scientific contact
    Professor David Dunger, University Department of Paediatrics Box 116, Addenbrooke’s Hospital Hills Road, Cambridge, CB20QQ, +44 1223762944, dbd25@cam.ac.uk
    Paediatric regulatory details
    Is trial part of an agreed paediatric investigation plan (PIP)
    No
    Does article 45 of REGULATION (EC) No 1901/2006 apply to this trial?
    No
    Does article 46 of REGULATION (EC) No 1901/2006 apply to this trial?
    No
    Results analysis stage
    Analysis stage
    Final
    Date of interim/final analysis
    18 Jan 2017
    Is this the analysis of the primary completion data?
    Yes
    Primary completion date
    18 Jan 2017
    Global end of trial reached?
    Yes
    Global end of trial date
    18 Jan 2017
    Was the trial ended prematurely?
    No
    General information about the trial
    Main objective of the trial
    To determine whether intervention with Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACEI), Statins, or a combination of both, when compared with placebo, will reduce urinary albumin excretion, decline in renal function and the risk for diabetic nephropathy (DN) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes (T1D).
    Protection of trial subjects
    Informed consent/assent was obtained for all participants. Where participant were under 16, parental consent was obtained in addition to participants assent. Safety bloods were taken to monitor participants for any side effects from the IMP. Adverse events were recorded at each visit during the trial. At screening, all subjects were allocated a unique Study ID number based on the country of origin, specific site and sequence of recruitment, which was translated into a barcode used for all subsequent correspondence, transfer of samples and data input. Confidential data was retained at the study sites in a secure study file. At all times the confidentiality of the subjects was maintained, and reports to meetings and publications did not include confidential or data identifying individuals.
    Background therapy
    N/A
    Evidence for comparator
    The prognosis for young people diagnosed with T1D during childhood remains poor and this may relate to the higher HbA1c levels encountered during puberty. Microalbuminuria (MA) identifies subjects at risk for DN and CVD and it is often observed in adolescent subjects but it is rarely treated before the age of 18 years because at the end of puberty rates of albumin excretion decline and, in some subjects, it will return into the normal range. However, evidence indicates that subjects with “transient” and “persistent MA” have experienced renal and general endothelial damage during puberty and renoprotection to prevent long-term complications is warranted. In adults, use of ACEI and Statins is increasing and in order to determine whether these agents are of value in the adolescent population we need to carry out a pragmatic clinical trial. The major endpoint of such a study would be a change in albumin excretion but secondary endpoints should include markers of CVD, renal function, retinopathy, quality of life combined with detailed assessment of compliance and likely health economic benefits.
    Actual start date of recruitment
    22 Apr 2009
    Long term follow-up planned
    Yes
    Long term follow-up rationale
    Scientific research
    Long term follow-up duration
    5 Years
    Independent data monitoring committee (IDMC) involvement?
    Yes
    Population of trial subjects
    Number of subjects enrolled per country
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    United Kingdom: 118
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Canada: 124
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Australia: 201
    Worldwide total number of subjects
    443
    EEA total number of subjects
    118
    Number of subjects enrolled per age group
    In utero
    0
    Preterm newborn - gestational age < 37 wk
    0
    Newborns (0-27 days)
    0
    Infants and toddlers (28 days-23 months)
    0
    Children (2-11 years)
    184
    Adolescents (12-17 years)
    259
    Adults (18-64 years)
    0
    From 65 to 84 years
    0
    85 years and over
    0

    Subject disposition

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    Recruitment
    Recruitment details
    First subject was recruited 22/04/2009. Last subject recruited to the intervention study 17/08/2013. Recruitment was carried out in centres in Australia, Canada and the UK.

    Pre-assignment
    Screening details
    Participants were screened as part of the NFS study in the UK or in separate screening studies in Australia and Canada. 2 sets of 3 urines were collected and log ACR measures. An algorithm taking a number of factors into account was used to determine risk tertile. Those in high risk upper tertile were invited to join the intervention study

    Period 1
    Period 1 title
    follow-up (overall period)
    Is this the baseline period?
    Yes
    Allocation method
    Randomised - controlled
    Blinding used
    Double blind
    Roles blinded
    Subject, Investigator, Assessor
    Blinding implementation details
    The study is a 2 by 2 factorial design. Patient were randomised to one of four mutually exclusive groups: Placebo/Statin, ACE/Statin, Placebo/Placebo, ACE/Placebo

    Arms
    Are arms mutually exclusive
    No

    Arm title
    ACE Inhibitor
    Arm description
    ACE Inhibitor
    Arm type
    Experimental

    Investigational medicinal product name
    Quinapril
    Investigational medicinal product code
    PL 00057/0514,0515,0516,0517
    Other name
    Accupro
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Tablet
    Routes of administration
    Oral use
    Dosage and administration details
    starting dose 5mg increased to 10mg daily after 2 weeks

    Arm title
    statin
    Arm description
    statin
    Arm type
    Experimental

    Investigational medicinal product name
    Atorvastatin
    Investigational medicinal product code
    PL 39933/0001
    Other name
    Lipitor
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Tablet
    Routes of administration
    Oral use
    Dosage and administration details
    10mg once daily

    Arm title
    ACE inhibitor matched placebo
    Arm description
    dummy placebo tablets
    Arm type
    Placebo

    Investigational medicinal product name
    placebo
    Investigational medicinal product code
    Other name
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Tablet
    Routes of administration
    Oral use
    Dosage and administration details
    placebo tablet

    Arm title
    Statin matched placebo
    Arm description
    dummy placebo tablet
    Arm type
    Active comparator

    Investigational medicinal product name
    placebo
    Investigational medicinal product code
    Other name
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Tablet
    Routes of administration
    Oral use
    Dosage and administration details
    placebo tablet

    Number of subjects in period 1
    ACE Inhibitor statin ACE inhibitor matched placebo Statin matched placebo
    Started
    222
    223
    221
    220
    Completed
    204
    209
    202
    197
    Not completed
    18
    14
    19
    23
         No endpoint observed
    18
    14
    19
    23

    Baseline characteristics

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    Baseline characteristics reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    ACE Inhibitor
    Reporting group description
    ACE Inhibitor

    Reporting group title
    statin
    Reporting group description
    statin

    Reporting group title
    ACE inhibitor matched placebo
    Reporting group description
    dummy placebo tablets

    Reporting group title
    Statin matched placebo
    Reporting group description
    dummy placebo tablet

    Reporting group values
    ACE Inhibitor statin ACE inhibitor matched placebo Statin matched placebo Total
    Number of subjects
    222 223 221 220
    Age categorical
    Units: Subjects
        In utero
        Preterm newborn infants (gestational age < 37 wks)
        Newborns (0-27 days)
        Infants and toddlers (28 days-23 months)
        Children (2-11 years)
        Adolescents (12-17 years)
        Adults (18-64 years)
        From 65-84 years
        85 years and over
    Age continuous
    age
    Units: years
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    12.4 ( 1.4 ) 12.4 ( 1.4 ) 12.4 ( 1.4 ) 12.4 ( 1.4 ) -
    Gender categorical
    Units: Subjects
        Female
    98 101 103 102 203
        Male
    124 122 118 118 240

    End points

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    End points reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    ACE Inhibitor
    Reporting group description
    ACE Inhibitor

    Reporting group title
    statin
    Reporting group description
    statin

    Reporting group title
    ACE inhibitor matched placebo
    Reporting group description
    dummy placebo tablets

    Reporting group title
    Statin matched placebo
    Reporting group description
    dummy placebo tablet

    Subject analysis set title
    Final Analysis Set
    Subject analysis set type
    Full analysis
    Subject analysis set description
    The full analysis (or intention-to-treat) population comprises all randomised participants, regardless of eligibility error, post-randomisation withdrawal, and whether the correct, or sufficient, of the two study treatments was received for the two to four years or less, with sufficient or insufficient compliance

    Primary: Annualised Area under Curve of log Albumin to Creatinine Ratio

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    End point title
    Annualised Area under Curve of log Albumin to Creatinine Ratio
    End point description
    ACR was measured on 3 consecutive days at each 6-monthly visit from urine samples. For the primary outcome, these were aggregated into the mean of the three log10 transformed values. As no further urines were obtained at the time of randomization, the values at this time point were interpolated from those obtained at screening and the first post-randomization visit. The trapezium rule was used to calculate AUC of observations taken at screening through to the final visit, using calendar dates. The time on study was the difference between randomization and final visit dates (after 2-4 years) or withdrawal from study. The AUC was divided by the time on study to provide one, time-standardized value, per patient.
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    derived from repeated measurements taken up to 4 years or completion of study, whichever occurs earliest per patient.
    End point values
    ACE Inhibitor statin ACE inhibitor matched placebo Statin matched placebo Final Analysis Set
    Number of subjects analysed
    204
    209
    202
    197
    406
    Units: unitless
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    0.04 ( 0.22 )
    0.05 ( 0.23 )
    0.04 ( 0.23 )
    0.03 ( 0.23 )
    0.04 ( 0.23 )
    Statistical analysis title
    ACEI comparison
    Statistical analysis description
    ancova comparig the ACEI to placebo groups
    Comparison groups
    ACE Inhibitor v ACE inhibitor matched placebo
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    406
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    = 0.65
    Method
    ANCOVA
    Parameter type
    Mean difference (final values)
    Point estimate
    -0.01
    Confidence interval
         level
    95%
         sides
    2-sided
         lower limit
    -0.05
         upper limit
    0.03
    Variability estimate
    Standard error of the mean
    Dispersion value
    0.02
    Statistical analysis title
    Statin comparison
    Statistical analysis description
    ancova comparig the Statin to placebo groups
    Comparison groups
    statin v Statin matched placebo
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    406
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    = 0.45
    Method
    ANCOVA
    Parameter type
    Mean difference (final values)
    Point estimate
    0.01
    Confidence interval
         level
    95%
         sides
    2-sided
         lower limit
    -0.02
         upper limit
    0.05
    Variability estimate
    Standard error of the mean
    Dispersion value
    0.02

    Adverse events

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    Adverse events information [1]
    Timeframe for reporting adverse events
    Adverse events were recorded from consent until final study visit was completed.
    Adverse event reporting additional description
    AEs were recorded on a rolling log at each visit and reviewed locally and sent to co-ordinating centre. SAEs were reported to coordinating centre within 24hr of knowledge.
    Assessment type
    Non-systematic
    Dictionary used for adverse event reporting
    Dictionary name
    MedDRA
    Dictionary version
    19.0
    Reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    ACEI/Placebo
    Reporting group description
    -

    Reporting group title
    ACEI/Statin
    Reporting group description
    -

    Reporting group title
    Placebo/Placebo
    Reporting group description
    -

    Reporting group title
    Placebo/Statin
    Reporting group description
    -

    Notes
    [1] - There are no non-serious adverse events recorded for these results. It is expected that there will be at least one non-serious adverse event reported.
    Justification: Non-serious adverse events were not coded.
    Serious adverse events
    ACEI/Placebo ACEI/Statin Placebo/Placebo Placebo/Statin
    Total subjects affected by serious adverse events
         subjects affected / exposed
    53 / 111 (47.75%)
    57 / 111 (51.35%)
    46 / 109 (42.20%)
    57 / 112 (50.89%)
         number of deaths (all causes)
    0
    0
    0
    0
         number of deaths resulting from adverse events
    0
    0
    0
    0
    Vascular disorders
    Hypotension
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    1 / 111 (0.90%)
    0 / 109 (0.00%)
    0 / 112 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    1 / 1
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Orthostatic hypotension
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 111 (0.90%)
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    1 / 109 (0.92%)
    0 / 112 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Surgical and medical procedures
    Abscess drainage
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 111 (0.90%)
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    1 / 109 (0.92%)
    0 / 112 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Cholecystectomy
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    1 / 111 (0.90%)
    0 / 109 (0.00%)
    0 / 112 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Adenoidectomy
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    2 / 111 (1.80%)
    0 / 109 (0.00%)
    0 / 112 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 2
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Adenotonsillectomy
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    1 / 111 (0.90%)
    0 / 109 (0.00%)
    0 / 112 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Appendicectomy
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 111 (1.80%)
    1 / 111 (0.90%)
    2 / 109 (1.83%)
    2 / 112 (1.79%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
    0 / 1
    0 / 2
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Bone graft
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    1 / 109 (0.92%)
    0 / 112 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Diabetes mellitus management
         subjects affected / exposed
    5 / 111 (4.50%)
    4 / 111 (3.60%)
    3 / 109 (2.75%)
    4 / 112 (3.57%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 5
    0 / 4
    0 / 3
    0 / 5
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Circumcision
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    1 / 109 (0.92%)
    1 / 112 (0.89%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Cochlea implant
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    1 / 111 (0.90%)
    0 / 109 (0.00%)
    0 / 112 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Pilonidal sinus repair
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 111 (0.90%)
    2 / 111 (1.80%)
    0 / 109 (0.00%)
    1 / 112 (0.89%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
    0 / 2
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Debridement
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    1 / 111 (0.90%)
    0 / 109 (0.00%)
    0 / 112 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Internal fixation of fracture
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    1 / 111 (0.90%)
    0 / 109 (0.00%)
    0 / 112 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Laser therapy
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    1 / 109 (0.92%)
    0 / 112 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Ear tube insertion
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    1 / 109 (0.92%)
    0 / 112 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Medical device change
         subjects affected / exposed
    17 / 111 (15.32%)
    13 / 111 (11.71%)
    14 / 109 (12.84%)
    12 / 112 (10.71%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 17
    0 / 14
    0 / 14
    0 / 13
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Cyst removal
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    1 / 109 (0.92%)
    0 / 112 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Knee operation
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 111 (0.90%)
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    0 / 109 (0.00%)
    1 / 112 (0.89%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Varicocele repair
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 111 (0.90%)
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    0 / 109 (0.00%)
    0 / 112 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Tooth extraction
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 111 (3.60%)
    1 / 111 (0.90%)
    3 / 109 (2.75%)
    1 / 112 (0.89%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 4
    0 / 1
    0 / 3
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Jaw operation
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 111 (0.90%)
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    0 / 109 (0.00%)
    0 / 112 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Manipulation
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    1 / 109 (0.92%)
    0 / 112 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Cataract operation
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    0 / 109 (0.00%)
    1 / 112 (0.89%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Polypectomy
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    0 / 109 (0.00%)
    1 / 112 (0.89%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Tongue tie operation
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 111 (0.90%)
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    0 / 109 (0.00%)
    0 / 112 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Tonsillectomy
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 111 (0.90%)
    4 / 111 (3.60%)
    0 / 109 (0.00%)
    0 / 112 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 4
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Therapy change
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    1 / 111 (0.90%)
    0 / 109 (0.00%)
    0 / 112 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Sebaceous cyst excision
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    1 / 111 (0.90%)
    0 / 109 (0.00%)
    1 / 112 (0.89%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    General disorders and administration site conditions
    Swelling
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 111 (0.90%)
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    0 / 109 (0.00%)
    0 / 112 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Device failure
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 111 (2.70%)
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    1 / 109 (0.92%)
    1 / 112 (0.89%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 3
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Pyrexia
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    1 / 109 (0.92%)
    1 / 112 (0.89%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Immune system disorders
    Drug hypersensitivity
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    0 / 109 (0.00%)
    1 / 112 (0.89%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Anaphylactic reaction
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    0 / 109 (0.00%)
    1 / 112 (0.89%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Social circumstances
    Clinical trial participant
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 111 (0.90%)
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    0 / 109 (0.00%)
    0 / 112 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Alcohol use
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 111 (0.90%)
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    2 / 109 (1.83%)
    2 / 112 (1.79%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    0 / 2
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Reproductive system and breast disorders
    Testicular torsion
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 111 (0.90%)
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    0 / 109 (0.00%)
    0 / 112 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
    Epistaxis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 111 (0.90%)
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    0 / 109 (0.00%)
    0 / 112 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Asthma
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 111 (0.90%)
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    0 / 109 (0.00%)
    0 / 112 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Pneumonia aspiration
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    1 / 111 (0.90%)
    0 / 109 (0.00%)
    0 / 112 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Cough
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    0 / 109 (0.00%)
    1 / 112 (0.89%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Oropharyngeal pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 111 (0.90%)
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    0 / 109 (0.00%)
    0 / 112 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Psychiatric disorders
    Anxiety
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    1 / 109 (0.92%)
    1 / 112 (0.89%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Depression
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    2 / 111 (1.80%)
    2 / 109 (1.83%)
    0 / 112 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 3
    0 / 2
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Suicidal ideation
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 111 (0.90%)
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    2 / 109 (1.83%)
    0 / 112 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    0 / 2
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Eating disorder
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 111 (0.90%)
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    0 / 109 (0.00%)
    0 / 112 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Panic attack
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    0 / 109 (0.00%)
    1 / 112 (0.89%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Post-traumatic stress disorder
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    1 / 111 (0.90%)
    0 / 109 (0.00%)
    0 / 112 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Somnambulism
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    1 / 111 (0.90%)
    0 / 109 (0.00%)
    0 / 112 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Self-injurious ideation
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    2 / 111 (1.80%)
    1 / 109 (0.92%)
    0 / 112 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 2
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Investigations
    Colonoscopy
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    2 / 111 (1.80%)
    1 / 109 (0.92%)
    1 / 112 (0.89%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 2
    0 / 1
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Glomerular filtration rate decreased
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 111 (0.90%)
    3 / 111 (2.70%)
    0 / 109 (0.00%)
    0 / 112 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 1
    1 / 3
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Alanine aminotransferase increased
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 111 (0.90%)
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    0 / 109 (0.00%)
    1 / 112 (0.89%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 1
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Blood potassium abnormal
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 111 (0.90%)
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    0 / 109 (0.00%)
    0 / 112 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Endoscopy
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 111 (0.90%)
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    2 / 109 (1.83%)
    0 / 112 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    0 / 2
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Tympanometry
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    1 / 111 (0.90%)
    0 / 109 (0.00%)
    0 / 112 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Endoscopy upper gastrointestinal tract
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 111 (0.90%)
    3 / 111 (2.70%)
    0 / 109 (0.00%)
    2 / 112 (1.79%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 3
    0 / 0
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Sinoscopy
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    1 / 111 (0.90%)
    0 / 109 (0.00%)
    0 / 112 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Arthroscopy
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    2 / 111 (1.80%)
    0 / 109 (0.00%)
    0 / 112 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 2
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Biopsy
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 111 (0.90%)
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    3 / 109 (2.75%)
    1 / 112 (0.89%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    0 / 3
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Biopsy kidney
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    1 / 111 (0.90%)
    0 / 109 (0.00%)
    0 / 112 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Blood glucose increased - Investigations
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 111 (0.90%)
    2 / 111 (1.80%)
    0 / 109 (0.00%)
    0 / 112 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 2
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Blood sodium increased
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 111 (0.90%)
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    0 / 109 (0.00%)
    0 / 112 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Medical observation
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    1 / 111 (0.90%)
    3 / 109 (2.75%)
    1 / 112 (0.89%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    0 / 3
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Nerve conduction studies
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    0 / 109 (0.00%)
    1 / 112 (0.89%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Blood glucose fluctuation
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    1 / 109 (0.92%)
    2 / 112 (1.79%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    ACTH stimulation test
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    1 / 111 (0.90%)
    0 / 109 (0.00%)
    0 / 112 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Psychiatric evaluation
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    0 / 109 (0.00%)
    1 / 112 (0.89%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Investigation
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 111 (2.70%)
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    0 / 109 (0.00%)
    1 / 112 (0.89%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 3
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Injury, poisoning and procedural complications
    Joint dislocation
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    1 / 109 (0.92%)
    0 / 112 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Accidental overdose
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    1 / 109 (0.92%)
    0 / 112 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Nail avulsion
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 111 (0.90%)
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    0 / 109 (0.00%)
    0 / 112 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Ankle fracture
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    1 / 111 (0.90%)
    0 / 109 (0.00%)
    1 / 112 (0.89%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Ulna fracture
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    1 / 111 (0.90%)
    1 / 109 (0.92%)
    0 / 112 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Arthropod sting
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    1 / 109 (0.92%)
    0 / 112 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Laceration
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 111 (1.80%)
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    0 / 109 (0.00%)
    1 / 112 (0.89%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Tibia fracture
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    1 / 111 (0.90%)
    0 / 109 (0.00%)
    0 / 112 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Wrist fracture
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 111 (0.90%)
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    0 / 109 (0.00%)
    1 / 112 (0.89%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Limb traumatic amputation
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    0 / 109 (0.00%)
    1 / 112 (0.89%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Hand fracture
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    0 / 109 (0.00%)
    1 / 112 (0.89%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Head injury
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 111 (0.90%)
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    0 / 109 (0.00%)
    0 / 112 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Overdose
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 111 (1.80%)
    1 / 111 (0.90%)
    2 / 109 (1.83%)
    1 / 112 (0.89%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
    0 / 4
    0 / 2
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Intentional overdose
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    1 / 111 (0.90%)
    0 / 109 (0.00%)
    0 / 112 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Concussion
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    1 / 111 (0.90%)
    0 / 109 (0.00%)
    1 / 112 (0.89%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Road traffic accident
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    0 / 109 (0.00%)
    1 / 112 (0.89%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Ligament rupture
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 111 (0.90%)
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    0 / 109 (0.00%)
    1 / 112 (0.89%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Skull fracture
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 111 (0.90%)
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    0 / 109 (0.00%)
    0 / 112 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Radius fracture
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    1 / 109 (0.92%)
    0 / 112 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Spinal column injury
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    0 / 109 (0.00%)
    1 / 112 (0.89%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Drug dose omission
         subjects affected / exposed
    5 / 111 (4.50%)
    4 / 111 (3.60%)
    2 / 109 (1.83%)
    4 / 112 (3.57%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 5
    0 / 5
    0 / 3
    0 / 5
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Meniscus injury
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    1 / 111 (0.90%)
    0 / 109 (0.00%)
    0 / 112 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Limb crushing injury
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    1 / 109 (0.92%)
    0 / 112 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Congenital, familial and genetic disorders
    Phimosis
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    0 / 109 (0.00%)
    1 / 112 (0.89%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Nervous system disorders
    Seizure
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    2 / 111 (1.80%)
    0 / 109 (0.00%)
    0 / 112 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 2
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Epilepsy
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    1 / 111 (0.90%)
    0 / 109 (0.00%)
    0 / 112 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Hypoaesthesia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 111 (0.90%)
    1 / 111 (0.90%)
    0 / 109 (0.00%)
    0 / 112 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Syncope
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    1 / 111 (0.90%)
    0 / 109 (0.00%)
    0 / 112 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Dizziness
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    0 / 109 (0.00%)
    1 / 112 (0.89%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Hypoglycaemic seizure
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 111 (1.80%)
    1 / 111 (0.90%)
    2 / 109 (1.83%)
    0 / 112 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 3
    0 / 1
    0 / 3
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Migraine
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    0 / 109 (0.00%)
    1 / 112 (0.89%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Intracranial mass
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    0 / 109 (0.00%)
    1 / 112 (0.89%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Lethargy
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    0 / 109 (0.00%)
    1 / 112 (0.89%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Ear and labyrinth disorders
    Deafness
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    0 / 109 (0.00%)
    1 / 112 (0.89%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Gastrointestinal disorders
    Abdominal pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 111 (1.80%)
    2 / 111 (1.80%)
    4 / 109 (3.67%)
    2 / 112 (1.79%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
    0 / 2
    0 / 5
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Abdominal pain upper
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    1 / 111 (0.90%)
    0 / 109 (0.00%)
    0 / 112 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Diarrhoea
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 111 (0.90%)
    1 / 111 (0.90%)
    2 / 109 (1.83%)
    1 / 112 (0.89%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 1
    0 / 2
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Pancreatitis acute
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    1 / 111 (0.90%)
    0 / 109 (0.00%)
    0 / 112 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Rectal haemorrhage
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    1 / 111 (0.90%)
    0 / 109 (0.00%)
    0 / 112 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Haematemesis
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    1 / 109 (0.92%)
    0 / 112 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Vomiting
         subjects affected / exposed
    5 / 111 (4.50%)
    4 / 111 (3.60%)
    4 / 109 (3.67%)
    8 / 112 (7.14%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 5
    0 / 4
    0 / 5
    0 / 8
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Inflammatory bowel disease
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 111 (0.90%)
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    0 / 109 (0.00%)
    0 / 112 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Hepatobiliary disorders
    Hepatitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    0 / 109 (0.00%)
    1 / 112 (0.89%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Hepatitis acute
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    1 / 109 (0.92%)
    0 / 112 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders
    Ingrowing nail
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    1 / 109 (0.92%)
    0 / 112 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Renal and urinary disorders
    Nephrolithiasis
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    1 / 109 (0.92%)
    0 / 112 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Urinary retention postoperative
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    1 / 111 (0.90%)
    0 / 109 (0.00%)
    0 / 112 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders
    Pain in extremity
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 111 (0.90%)
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    0 / 109 (0.00%)
    0 / 112 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Muscular weakness
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    1 / 111 (0.90%)
    0 / 109 (0.00%)
    0 / 112 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Infections and infestations
    Skin infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    0 / 109 (0.00%)
    1 / 112 (0.89%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Abscess
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 111 (0.90%)
    1 / 111 (0.90%)
    0 / 109 (0.00%)
    0 / 112 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Appendicitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 111 (1.80%)
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    1 / 109 (0.92%)
    2 / 112 (1.79%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Epstein-Barr virus infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    1 / 109 (0.92%)
    0 / 112 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Lower respiratory tract infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    1 / 111 (0.90%)
    0 / 109 (0.00%)
    0 / 112 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Ear infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 111 (0.90%)
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    0 / 109 (0.00%)
    0 / 112 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Tonsillitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    2 / 111 (1.80%)
    1 / 109 (0.92%)
    0 / 112 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 2
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Helicobacter infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 111 (0.90%)
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    0 / 109 (0.00%)
    0 / 112 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Urinary tract infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    1 / 111 (0.90%)
    1 / 109 (0.92%)
    0 / 112 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Gastritis viral
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    0 / 109 (0.00%)
    1 / 112 (0.89%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Peritonsillar abscess
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    1 / 111 (0.90%)
    0 / 109 (0.00%)
    0 / 112 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 2
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Pneumonia
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    1 / 111 (0.90%)
    0 / 109 (0.00%)
    0 / 112 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Pyelonephritis
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    1 / 111 (0.90%)
    0 / 109 (0.00%)
    1 / 112 (0.89%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 2
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Otitis media
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    1 / 111 (0.90%)
    0 / 109 (0.00%)
    0 / 112 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Hepatitis E
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 111 (0.90%)
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    0 / 109 (0.00%)
    0 / 112 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Viral infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 111 (1.80%)
    1 / 111 (0.90%)
    2 / 109 (1.83%)
    0 / 112 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
    0 / 1
    0 / 2
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Gastroenteritis
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 111 (1.80%)
    3 / 111 (2.70%)
    6 / 109 (5.50%)
    2 / 112 (1.79%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
    0 / 4
    0 / 6
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Respiratory tract infection viral
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    2 / 109 (1.83%)
    1 / 112 (0.89%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 2
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Periorbital cellulitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 111 (0.90%)
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    0 / 109 (0.00%)
    0 / 112 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Metabolism and nutrition disorders
    Dehydration
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 111 (1.80%)
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    1 / 109 (0.92%)
    1 / 112 (0.89%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Lactic acidosis
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 111 (1.80%)
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    0 / 109 (0.00%)
    0 / 112 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 3
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Diabetic ketoacidosis
         subjects affected / exposed
    17 / 111 (15.32%)
    9 / 111 (8.11%)
    8 / 109 (7.34%)
    18 / 112 (16.07%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 29
    0 / 19
    0 / 24
    0 / 26
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Blood glucose increased
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 111 (1.80%)
    2 / 111 (1.80%)
    0 / 109 (0.00%)
    4 / 112 (3.57%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
    0 / 2
    0 / 0
    0 / 4
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Diabetes mellitus inadequate control
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 111 (0.90%)
    1 / 111 (0.90%)
    0 / 109 (0.00%)
    1 / 112 (0.89%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Pseudohyponatraemia
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    0 / 109 (0.00%)
    1 / 112 (0.89%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Hyperglycaemia
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 111 (1.80%)
    1 / 111 (0.90%)
    1 / 109 (0.92%)
    3 / 112 (2.68%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
    0 / 1
    0 / 1
    0 / 3
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Hypoglycaemia
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 111 (2.70%)
    2 / 111 (1.80%)
    2 / 109 (1.83%)
    5 / 112 (4.46%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 3
    0 / 2
    0 / 2
    0 / 5
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Frequency threshold for reporting non-serious adverse events: 0%
    Non-serious adverse events
    ACEI/Placebo ACEI/Statin Placebo/Placebo Placebo/Statin
    Total subjects affected by non serious adverse events
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    0 / 111 (0.00%)
    0 / 109 (0.00%)
    0 / 112 (0.00%)

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    Substantial protocol amendments (globally)

    Were there any global substantial amendments to the protocol? Yes
    Date
    Amendment
    28 Apr 2008
    Protocol Version 2 Incorporation of recommendations from ethics committee, steering committee and DMEC (submitted to MREC & MHRA)
    02 Oct 2008
    Protocol version 3 Change to study drug Quinapril reference from study drug B to study drug Q throughout protocol. Change in PI for Western Australia from Associate Professor Timothy Jones to Dr. Liz Davis Change in evaluation criteria of Myopathy using CK and ALT levels – Section 8.6.7.2. (page 24). Change to inclusion age range from 11 - 15 years old to 11 - 16 years old throughout protocol. Age range to include 16 years olds screened as 15 year olds and consented late into the trial due to delay in opening the trial. Information Sheet for young people intervention group amended to reflect increase in inclusion age from 15 to 16 years old. Change to drug manufacture of Quinapril placebo to reflect the agreement that Catalent Pharma Solutions are now to produce the Quinapril placebo - Section 8.6.1(page 21) Addition to emergency unblinding requirements. Investigators to provide justification form to CTU - Section 8.6.4 (page 22). Change in terminology for CPK test (Creatine phosphokinase) to CK (Creatine Kinase) - throughout protocol and Section 18.10 (page 68). Change in dose management for Quinapril for cough and hypotension. More guidance on management and possible re-start of study drug - Section 8.6.7.1 (page 23). Change in dose adjustment guidance for Quinapril at two weeks visit (visit 3) – Section 8.7.2 (page 27). Addition of List of contraindicated drug products for Atorvastatin and Quinapril - Section 18.4 (page 62). (Submitted to MREC & MHRA)
    12 Jun 2009
    Protocol Version 4 Additional assessments of cardiovascular function and retinal photography: Protocol revised to include these additional measurements throughout. Additional references included in the protocol as a result of including the extra cardiovascular and retinopathy measurements. Changes to secondary study objectives and endpoints in the low-risk non-randomised subjects - minor changes to the secondary objectives and endpoints of the study in the non-intervention group to account for the inclusion of the FMD, PWV and retinopathy assessments. Clarification of information regarding interaction of the IMP with other drugs - necessary to increase the number of possible drug interactions in the light of new findings. Changes to sampling in the non-intervention (low risk) group - inconsistencies in the samples taken and sampling frequencies for the non-intervention study group between the protocol text, study procedures (protocol section 18.6) and information sheets have been resolved. Correction of errors in the study procedures and Visit Schedule for the intervention group - inconsistencies in the samples taken and sampling frequencies for the intervention group between the study procedures (protocol section 18.5) and Visit Schedule resolved. Correction of minor textual errors - including misspellings, changes of title and e-mail address of Principal Investigators. (Submitted to MREC & MHRA)
    16 Dec 2010
    Protocol version 5 Update in contact details. Details of eGFR calculation for participants over 18yrs clarified. Various other administrative corrections. (Submitted to MREC & MHRA)
    19 Aug 2011
    Protocol version 6 Update in contact details. Eligibility age changed from 11-16 to 10-16yrs. Update in wording with regard insurance at the request of the sponsor. (Submitted to MREC & MHRA)
    13 Sep 2012
    Protocol version 7 Update of contact details & addition of new sites in Australia and Canada. Timeline updated. Removal of references to SOPs. Addition of IMP disposal at local sites. (submitted to MREC only)
    24 Jul 2013
    Protocol version 8 Update to sponsor contacts, change in statistician, Update to contact details of DMEC member, change in PI at Monash. Addition of study procedures to synopsis that had previously been omitted. As recruitment to the study has continued the minimum period of exposure to intervention has been reduced. All references to a minimum period have been removed. Pubertal staging – added where it acceptable. GFR decline – further information has been added. More information has been added with regard suspension/withdrawal of study medications and also the recommencement of intervention. Study visits – clarification on study visits and what is classed as a missed visit. Data management – updated to reflect changes implemented by sponsor. Update of timelines. (Submitted to MREC only)
    29 Jan 2014
    Protocol version 9 Update to the name and contact details of the central cardiovascular laboratory. Changes to the wording in the combined flow chart and through text to allow randomisation to occur prior to visit 2 (initiation of therapy) as this occurs in a number of visits. Test changes to timing of visits from date of initiating therapy rather than date of randomisation. Sample, handling and shipment has been updated to allow the secondary samples retained at site to be shipped and collected by the central coordinating team and stored in a safe repository in the UK. (Submitted to MREC only)
    16 Jan 2015
    Protocol version 10 Changes in address details for the CI and Central Co-ordinating Centre for Australia; change of affiliation and contact information for Aardex Ltd; change of name and contact information for study co-ordinator (Australia); request for blood samples collected at annual routine clinic appointments to include also samples required for study visits (Observational study only); request for the collection of an additional blood sample at the Final study visit to allow DNA extraction; request for MA status to be checked locally at the very end of the study to support decisions regarding ongoing medical management; addition of a study publications policy (Submitted to MREC only)
    21 Oct 2015
    Protocol version 11 Update of contact information. Addition of information about the collection and analysis of DNA sample at final visit. Additional information added about interaction of study drugs with other drug products. Publication policy added. (Submitted to MREC & MHRA)

    Interruptions (globally)

    Were there any global interruptions to the trial? Yes
    Date
    Interruption
    Restart date
    20 Jul 2009
    Recruitment was temporarily suspended 20/07/2009 as an error in the system for assigning eligibility for the trial was identified. Eligibility for AdDIT was based on assessment of the albumin/creatinine ratio from 6 early morning urines, age, gender and duration of disease. In 2 participants tertiles were generated not only on the 2 sets of recently screened urines but also on 2 sets previously collected which remained in the database. In both cases the tertile assignment was different. In one case the participant had been recruited but not randomised. In the second, no approach had been made. The tertile assignments of those 16 participants already randomised were checked and were not compromised. A new procedure including a two-stage system which was reviewed by the sponsor was implemented to ensure that all potential participants were assigned the correct tertile and their eligibility for the trial confirmed. Recruitment was restarted 21/08/2009. Participants already in the study continued participation.
    21 Aug 2009

    Limitations and caveats

    Limitations of the trial such as small numbers of subjects analysed or technical problems leading to unreliable data.
    None reported
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