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    Clinical Trial Results:
    A randomized, prospective, multicenter trial to compare the effect on chronic allograft nephropathy prevention of mycophenolate mofetil versus azathioprine as the sole immunosuppressive therapy for kidney transplant recipients

    Summary
    EudraCT number
    2006-005604-14
    Trial protocol
    IT  
    Global end of trial date
    23 Aug 2016

    Results information
    Results version number
    v1(current)
    This version publication date
    25 Jul 2019
    First version publication date
    25 Jul 2019
    Other versions

    Trial information

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    Trial identification
    Sponsor protocol code
    ATHENA Study
    Additional study identifiers
    ISRCTN number
    -
    US NCT number
    NCT00494741
    WHO universal trial number (UTN)
    -
    Sponsors
    Sponsor organisation name
    Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS
    Sponsor organisation address
    V. G. B. Camozzi, 3, Ranica / Bergamo, Italy, 24010
    Public contact
    Piero Ruggenenti, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, V. G. B. Camozzi, 3, 24010 Ranica / Bergamo, 0039 03545351, piero.ruggenenti@marionegri.it
    Scientific contact
    Piero Ruggenenti, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, V. G. B. Camozzi, 3, 24010 Ranica / Bergamo, 0039 03545351, piero.ruggenenti@marionegri.it
    Paediatric regulatory details
    Is trial part of an agreed paediatric investigation plan (PIP)
    No
    Does article 45 of REGULATION (EC) No 1901/2006 apply to this trial?
    No
    Does article 46 of REGULATION (EC) No 1901/2006 apply to this trial?
    No
    Results analysis stage
    Analysis stage
    Final
    Date of interim/final analysis
    31 Oct 2018
    Is this the analysis of the primary completion data?
    Yes
    Primary completion date
    23 Aug 2016
    Global end of trial reached?
    Yes
    Global end of trial date
    23 Aug 2016
    Was the trial ended prematurely?
    No
    General information about the trial
    Main objective of the trial
    The study primarily compare the incidence of biopsy-proven CAN three years post-transplant in kidney recipients randomly allocated to MMF or AZA, after induction therapy with basiliximab and low-dose RATG, and sequential steroid and CsA withdrawal. Secondarily, the study compare acute rejections after CsA withdrawal, long-term patient and graft survival, and graft function and prevalence/severity of CAN at study end.
    Protection of trial subjects
    This study was conducted in conformance with Declaration of Helsinki, Good Clinical Practice standards and applicable country regulations regarding ethical committee review, informed consent, protection of human subjects participating in biomedical research and privacy.
    Background therapy
    -
    Evidence for comparator
    -
    Actual start date of recruitment
    04 Jul 2007
    Long term follow-up planned
    No
    Independent data monitoring committee (IDMC) involvement?
    Yes
    Population of trial subjects
    Number of subjects enrolled per country
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Italy: 233
    Worldwide total number of subjects
    233
    EEA total number of subjects
    233
    Number of subjects enrolled per age group
    In utero
    0
    Preterm newborn - gestational age < 37 wk
    0
    Newborns (0-27 days)
    0
    Infants and toddlers (28 days-23 months)
    0
    Children (2-11 years)
    0
    Adolescents (12-17 years)
    0
    Adults (18-64 years)
    195
    From 65 to 84 years
    38
    85 years and over
    0

    Subject disposition

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    Recruitment
    Recruitment details
    Patients were recruited between July 4th, 2007 and July 6th, 2012, and followed up to August 23th, 2016.

    Pre-assignment
    Screening details
    Patients were identified among the subjects who were referred to the six Italian transplant centers involved in the trial and selected to receive the fist single or double kidney transplant according to standardized clinical criteria

    Period 1
    Period 1 title
    Treatment period (overall period)
    Is this the baseline period?
    Yes
    Allocation method
    Randomised - controlled
    Blinding used
    Not blinded

    Arms
    Are arms mutually exclusive
    Yes

    Arm title
    Azathioprine
    Arm description
    Patients randomized in this group will receive 75 mg of AZA per os (or 125 mg if body weight > 75 kg) once a day starting on the day of transplant. AZA dose will be reduced in case of white blood cell count lower than 2,000/mm3 and whenever deemed clinically appropriate.
    Arm type
    Experimental

    Investigational medicinal product name
    Azathioprine
    Investigational medicinal product code
    Other name
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Tablet
    Routes of administration
    Oral use
    Dosage and administration details
    Patients randomized in this group will receive 75 mg of AZA per os (or 125 mg if body weight > 75 kg) once a day starting on the day of transplant. AZA dose will be reduced in case of white blood cell count lower than 2,000/mm3 and whenever deemed clinically appropriate

    Arm title
    Mycophenolate Mofetil
    Arm description
    Patients randomized in this group will receive 750 mg of MMF per os twice a day starting on the day of transplant. MMF dose will be reduced in case of white blood cell count lower than 2,000/mm3 and whenever deemed clinically appropriate
    Arm type
    Experimental

    Investigational medicinal product name
    Mycophenolate Mofetil
    Investigational medicinal product code
    Other name
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Tablet
    Routes of administration
    Oral use
    Dosage and administration details
    Patients randomized in this group will receive 750 mg of MMF per os twice a day starting on the day of transplant. MMF dose will be reduced in case of white blood cell count lower than 2,000/mm3 and whenever deemed clinically appropriate.

    Number of subjects in period 1
    Azathioprine Mycophenolate Mofetil
    Started
    114
    119
    Completed
    95
    100
    Not completed
    19
    19
         Adverse event, serious fatal
    7
    3
         Consent withdrawn by subject
    1
    3
         Participating center withdrawal
    4
    -
         Adverse event, non-fatal
    7
    8
         Lost to follow-up
    -
    2
         Participating Centre withdrawal
    -
    1
         Protocol deviation
    -
    2

    Baseline characteristics

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    Baseline characteristics reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Azathioprine
    Reporting group description
    Patients randomized in this group will receive 75 mg of AZA per os (or 125 mg if body weight > 75 kg) once a day starting on the day of transplant. AZA dose will be reduced in case of white blood cell count lower than 2,000/mm3 and whenever deemed clinically appropriate.

    Reporting group title
    Mycophenolate Mofetil
    Reporting group description
    Patients randomized in this group will receive 750 mg of MMF per os twice a day starting on the day of transplant. MMF dose will be reduced in case of white blood cell count lower than 2,000/mm3 and whenever deemed clinically appropriate

    Reporting group values
    Azathioprine Mycophenolate Mofetil Total
    Number of subjects
    114 119 233
    Age categorical
    Units: Subjects
        Adults (18-64 years)
    96 99 195
        From 65-84 years
    18 20 38
    Age continuous
    Units: years
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    52.5 ( 12.5 ) 52.4 ( 12.5 ) -
    Gender categorical
    Units: Subjects
        Female
    30 41 71
        Male
    84 78 162
    Single/Double kidney graft
    Units: Subjects
        Single
    105 108 213
        Double
    9 11 20
    Hypertension before trasplant
    Units: Subjects
        Presence
    41 35 76
        Absence
    73 84 157
    Pannel reactive antibody (PRA)
    Units: Subjects
        PRA>20%
    2 0 2
        PRA<20%
    112 119 231
    Primary cause of renal failure
    Units: Subjects
        Diabetes mellitus
    2 2 4
        Glomerulonephritis
    24 28 52
        Hypertension, renovascular disease
    10 8 18
        Polycystic kidney disease
    27 23 50
        Pyelonephritis/Interstitial nephritis
    4 1 5
        Systemic disease
    2 4 6
        Urinary tract alteration
    5 10 15
        Other
    13 23 36
        Uncertain
    27 20 47
    Donors gender
    Units: Subjects
        Female
    57 56 113
        Male
    57 63 120
    HLA A mismatches
    Units: Subjects
        HLA A 0
    18 20 38
        HLA A 1
    64 60 124
        HLA A 2
    32 39 71
    HLA B mismatches
    Units: Subjects
        HLA B 0
    16 14 30
        HLA B 1
    46 54 100
        HLA B 2
    52 51 103
    HLA DR mismatches
    Units: Subjects
        HLA DR 0
    14 17 31
        HLA DR 1
    62 60 122
        HLA DR 2
    38 42 80
    Weight
    Units: Kg
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    71.6 ( 13.2 ) 68.1 ( 14.0 ) -
    BMI
    Units: Kg/m2
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    24.4 ( 3.8 ) 23.9 ( 4.1 ) -
    Systolic blood pressure
    Units: mmHg
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    137.2 ( 21.6 ) 139 ( 27.5 ) -
    Diastolic blood pressure
    Units: mmHg
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    81.6 ( 11.6 ) 81.9 ( 13.3 ) -
    Duration of Previuos dialysis
    Units: months
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    51.6 ( 28.4 ) 55.0 ( 39.0 ) -
    Age of donors
    Units: Year
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    50.6 ( 14.9 ) 51.7 ( 14.9 ) -
    Weight of donors
    Units: Kg
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    71.3 ( 17.7 ) 72.9 ( 15.8 ) -

    End points

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    End points reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Azathioprine
    Reporting group description
    Patients randomized in this group will receive 75 mg of AZA per os (or 125 mg if body weight > 75 kg) once a day starting on the day of transplant. AZA dose will be reduced in case of white blood cell count lower than 2,000/mm3 and whenever deemed clinically appropriate.

    Reporting group title
    Mycophenolate Mofetil
    Reporting group description
    Patients randomized in this group will receive 750 mg of MMF per os twice a day starting on the day of transplant. MMF dose will be reduced in case of white blood cell count lower than 2,000/mm3 and whenever deemed clinically appropriate

    Primary: The incidence of Chronic Allograft Nephropathy (CAN)

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    End point title
    The incidence of Chronic Allograft Nephropathy (CAN)
    End point description
    To compare the incidence of CAN 3 years post-transplantation in patients receiving induction therapy with basiliximab and low-dose RATG and randomized to maintenance immunosuppression with low-dose MMF or AZA monotherapy. Due to organizational problem CAN events have been evaluated with the graft biopsy performed between 24 month and 50 month post transplantation.
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    To compare the incidence of CAN 3 years post-transplantation in patients receiving induction therapy with basiliximab and low-dose RATG and randomized to maintenance immunosuppression with low-dose MMF or AZA monotherapy.
    End point values
    Azathioprine Mycophenolate Mofetil
    Number of subjects analysed
    73 [1]
    72 [2]
    Units: Event
    37
    40
    Notes
    [1] - 41 patient didn't have biopsy data to evaluate the primary endponint due to organizational problems
    [2] - 47 patient didn't have biopsy data to evaluate the primary endponint due to organizational problems
    Statistical analysis title
    Primary endpoint
    Statistical analysis description
    Comparison of Chronic Allograft Nephropathy incidences between patient treated with Azathioprine or Micofenolate at 3 year post transplantation . Due to organizational problem CAN events have been evaluated with the graft biopsy performed between 24 month and 50 month post transplantation.
    Comparison groups
    Mycophenolate Mofetil v Azathioprine
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    145
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority [3]
    P-value
    = 0.3304 [4]
    Method
    Logrank
    Confidence interval
    Notes
    [3] - Survival analysis
    [4] - Wilcoxon p=0.3862

    Adverse events

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    Adverse events information
    Timeframe for reporting adverse events
    The adverse events will be reported during whole study up to 30 days after last dose of study drug.
    Assessment type
    Systematic
    Dictionary used for adverse event reporting
    Dictionary name
    MedDRA
    Dictionary version
    20
    Reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Azathioprine
    Reporting group description
    Patients randomized in this group will receive 75 mg of AZA per os (or 125 mg if body weight > 75 kg) once a day starting on the day of transplant. AZA dose will be reduced in case of white blood cell count lower than 2,000/mm3 and whenever deemed clinically appropriate.

    Reporting group title
    Mycophenolate Mofetil
    Reporting group description
    Patients randomized in this group will receive 750 mg of MMF per os twice a day starting on the day of transplant. MMF dose will be reduced in case of white blood cell count lower than 2,000/mm3 and whenever deemed clinically appropriate

    Serious adverse events
    Azathioprine Mycophenolate Mofetil
    Total subjects affected by serious adverse events
         subjects affected / exposed
    94 / 114 (82.46%)
    96 / 119 (80.67%)
         number of deaths (all causes)
    6
    4
         number of deaths resulting from adverse events
    0
    0
    Neoplasms benign, malignant and unspecified (incl cysts and polyps)
    Neoplasm skin
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 114 (2.63%)
    5 / 119 (4.20%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 3
    0 / 5
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    Neoplasm bladder
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 114 (0.88%)
    0 / 119 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    Neoplasm stomach
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 114 (0.88%)
    0 / 119 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    Neoplasm hematologic
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 114 (1.75%)
    1 / 119 (0.84%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Neoplasm kidney
         subjects affected / exposed
    6 / 114 (5.26%)
    2 / 119 (1.68%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 6
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    Neoplasm prostate
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 114 (0.88%)
    0 / 119 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    General disorders and administration site conditions
    Other disease
         subjects affected / exposed
    27 / 114 (23.68%)
    18 / 119 (15.13%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 30
    0 / 22
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
    Respiratory disorder
         subjects affected / exposed
    18 / 114 (15.79%)
    13 / 119 (10.92%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 20
    0 / 10
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    Psychiatric disorders
    Mood disorder
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 114 (1.75%)
    1 / 119 (0.84%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 4
    0 / 3
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Injury, poisoning and procedural complications
    Surgical event
         subjects affected / exposed
    10 / 114 (8.77%)
    9 / 119 (7.56%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 11
    0 / 11
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Cardiac disorders
    Cardiac and vascular
         subjects affected / exposed
    17 / 114 (14.91%)
    20 / 119 (16.81%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 26
    0 / 21
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 3
    Nervous system disorders
    Neurologic disorder
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 114 (0.88%)
    2 / 119 (1.68%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Blood and lymphatic system disorders
    Anaemia
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 114 (1.75%)
    2 / 119 (1.68%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Hematologic disease
         subjects affected / exposed
    7 / 114 (6.14%)
    7 / 119 (5.88%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 7
    0 / 7
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Eye disorders
    Retinal detachment
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 114 (0.88%)
    0 / 119 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Gastrointestinal disorders
    Liver and gastrointestinal disease
         subjects affected / exposed
    17 / 114 (14.91%)
    21 / 119 (17.65%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 18
    0 / 24
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Oral disorder
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 114 (1.75%)
    3 / 119 (2.52%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
    0 / 3
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Renal and urinary disorders
    Transplant rejection
    Additional description: Acute cellular and/or humoral rejection according to Banff 09
         subjects affected / exposed
    50 / 114 (43.86%)
    53 / 119 (44.54%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 52
    0 / 55
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Delayed graft function
         subjects affected / exposed
    10 / 114 (8.77%)
    6 / 119 (5.04%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 10
    0 / 6
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Primary disease recurrence
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 114 (0.88%)
    2 / 119 (1.68%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Graft dysfunction
         subjects affected / exposed
    10 / 114 (8.77%)
    13 / 119 (10.92%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 15
    0 / 18
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Native kidney cyst infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 114 (0.88%)
    0 / 119 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Urological disorder
         subjects affected / exposed
    23 / 114 (20.18%)
    22 / 119 (18.49%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 21
    0 / 31
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Endocrine disorders
    Severe hyperparathyroidism
         subjects affected / exposed
    20 / 114 (17.54%)
    2 / 119 (1.68%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    parathyroid adenoma
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 114 (0.88%)
    1 / 119 (0.84%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders
    Skin, subcutaneous, muskuskeletal, and trauma
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 114 (2.63%)
    3 / 119 (2.52%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 3
    0 / 4
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Infections and infestations
    Infection disease
         subjects affected / exposed
    34 / 114 (29.82%)
    23 / 119 (19.33%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 49
    0 / 42
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    Metabolism and nutrition disorders
    Metabolic disorder
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 114 (1.75%)
    2 / 119 (1.68%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Frequency threshold for reporting non-serious adverse events: 0%
    Non-serious adverse events
    Azathioprine Mycophenolate Mofetil
    Total subjects affected by non serious adverse events
         subjects affected / exposed
    113 / 114 (99.12%)
    114 / 119 (95.80%)
    Neoplasms benign, malignant and unspecified (incl cysts and polyps)
    Lung Bening nodule
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 114 (0.88%)
    1 / 119 (0.84%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    1
    Bening thyroid nodule
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 114 (0.88%)
    0 / 119 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    0
    Surgical and medical procedures
    Surgical intervention
         subjects affected / exposed
    10 / 114 (8.77%)
    9 / 119 (7.56%)
         occurrences all number
    12
    12
    General disorders and administration site conditions
    Allergy
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 114 (0.88%)
    1 / 119 (0.84%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    1
    Oral disorder
         subjects affected / exposed
    11 / 114 (9.65%)
    14 / 119 (11.76%)
         occurrences all number
    11
    16
    Other Disease
         subjects affected / exposed
    78 / 114 (68.42%)
    74 / 119 (62.18%)
         occurrences all number
    168
    142
    Reproductive system and breast disorders
    Urological disorder
         subjects affected / exposed
    30 / 114 (26.32%)
    42 / 119 (35.29%)
         occurrences all number
    43
    60
    Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
    Respiratory disease
         subjects affected / exposed
    34 / 114 (29.82%)
    31 / 119 (26.05%)
         occurrences all number
    49
    48
    Psychiatric disorders
    Mood disorder
         subjects affected / exposed
    20 / 114 (17.54%)
    24 / 119 (20.17%)
         occurrences all number
    22
    25
    Cardiac disorders
    Cardiac and vascular disease
         subjects affected / exposed
    47 / 114 (41.23%)
    51 / 119 (42.86%)
         occurrences all number
    76
    74
    Nervous system disorders
    Neurologic disorder
         subjects affected / exposed
    25 / 114 (21.93%)
    25 / 119 (21.01%)
         occurrences all number
    32
    30
    Blood and lymphatic system disorders
    Anaemia
         subjects affected / exposed
    55 / 114 (48.25%)
    45 / 119 (37.82%)
         occurrences all number
    71
    55
    Hematologic disorder
         subjects affected / exposed
    22 / 114 (19.30%)
    20 / 119 (16.81%)
         occurrences all number
    22
    25
    Leukopenia
         subjects affected / exposed
    68 / 114 (59.65%)
    46 / 119 (38.66%)
         occurrences all number
    82
    64
    Thrombocytopenia
         subjects affected / exposed
    24 / 114 (21.05%)
    13 / 119 (10.92%)
         occurrences all number
    28
    13
    Eye disorders
    Relapse of ocular neoplasia
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 114 (0.00%)
    1 / 119 (0.84%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    1
    Ocular disease
         subjects affected / exposed
    17 / 114 (14.91%)
    14 / 119 (11.76%)
         occurrences all number
    24
    18
    Gastrointestinal disorders
    Liver and gastrointestinal disease
         subjects affected / exposed
    59 / 114 (51.75%)
    61 / 119 (51.26%)
         occurrences all number
    114
    104
    Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders
    Skin disease
         subjects affected / exposed
    38 / 114 (33.33%)
    36 / 119 (30.25%)
         occurrences all number
    57
    46
    Renal and urinary disorders
    Chronic allograft nephropathy
         subjects affected / exposed
    21 / 114 (18.42%)
    32 / 119 (26.89%)
         occurrences all number
    21
    32
    Delayed graft function
         subjects affected / exposed
    15 / 114 (13.16%)
    10 / 119 (8.40%)
         occurrences all number
    15
    10
    Primary renal disease recurrence
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 114 (2.63%)
    0 / 119 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    3
    0
    Graft dysfunction
         subjects affected / exposed
    24 / 114 (21.05%)
    28 / 119 (23.53%)
         occurrences all number
    30
    34
    End stage renal disease
         subjects affected / exposed
    6 / 114 (5.26%)
    4 / 119 (3.36%)
         occurrences all number
    6
    4
    Urinary disorder
         subjects affected / exposed
    5 / 114 (4.39%)
    2 / 119 (1.68%)
         occurrences all number
    5
    2
    Endocrine disorders
    Hyperparathyroidism secondary
         subjects affected / exposed
    19 / 114 (16.67%)
    22 / 119 (18.49%)
         occurrences all number
    19
    24
    Infections and infestations
    Infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    80 / 114 (70.18%)
    84 / 119 (70.59%)
         occurrences all number
    184
    183
    Metabolism and nutrition disorders
    Metabolic disorder
         subjects affected / exposed
    97 / 114 (85.09%)
    100 / 119 (84.03%)
         occurrences all number
    349
    339

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    Substantial protocol amendments (globally)

    Were there any global substantial amendments to the protocol? Yes
    Date
    Amendment
    05 Mar 2007
    Study protocol amendment n. 1 Admitted the enrollment of patient >60 years old Excluded the patient receiving a tranplant from living donors. Added the hystologial evaluation at baseline Better detailed the criteria for the hystological evaluation at the first year Detailed the Csa tapering, the patient monitoring during follow up period and stopping rules. Better defined the safety interim analysis
    15 Oct 2007
    Study protocol amendment n. 2 Modified the induction therapy with the introduction of methilprednisolone at 500, 200, 125 mg the three days after the transplant and modified the cyclosporine dosage during the first year to reduce the risk of acute rejection. Modified the collection of the biochemical parameters according to the standard clinical practice
    08 Aug 2008
    Study protocol amendment n. 3 Modified induction therapy with basiliximab (two 20 mg injections: the first one pre-operatively, the second one 4 days post-transplant) plus RATG lowdose (0.5 mg/kg/day for 7 days, starting pre-operatively on the day of transplant). Patients also received intravenous methylprednisolone on day 0 (500 mg), day 1 (250 mg) and day 2 (125 mg) and oral prednisone on day 3 (75 mg), 4 (50 mg), 5 (25 mg) and 6 (25 mg). Thereafter, patients were free of steroid therapy.
    31 Mar 2009
    Study protocol amendment n. 4 - Included patients receiving double kidney transplant from deceased donors
    06 Oct 2011
    Study protocol amendment n. 5 The original schema applied for the progressive reduction of cyclosporin and complete suspension in 20 weeks (starting from a kidney biopsy scheduled for a one-year post-transplant protocol) was changed due to safety reasons. In order to standardize CsA tapering and achieving CsA withdrawal over an homogeneous follow-up period, patients will reduce the initial CsA dose by about 10% every 4 weeks. By this approach, 50% tapering should be achieved in 24 weeks. After additional 6 months at 50% of the initial CsA dose in addition to MMF or azathioprine as maintenance immunosuppressive therapy, should no rejection episodes occur (second year biopsy), a further progressive tapering of CsA dose will be attempted up to complete CsA withdrawal. Tapering will be scheduled as above and the initial CsA dose (at time of 1st graft biopsy) will be reduced by about 10% every 4 weeks. Thus, complete CsA withdrawal will be achieved 18 months after starting the initial CsA tapering, i.e at 29-30 months post-transplantation.

    Interruptions (globally)

    Were there any global interruptions to the trial? No

    Limitations and caveats

    Limitations of the trial such as small numbers of subjects analysed or technical problems leading to unreliable data.
    None reported
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