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    Clinical Trial Results:
    A Multinational Double-Blind, Randomized Phase 2b Study Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of Sorafenib Compared to Placebo when Administered in Combination with Capecitabine in Patients with Locally Advanced or Metastatic Breast Cancer Estudio fase 2b, multinacional, doble ciego y aleatorizado para evaluar la eficacia y seguridad de sorafenib frente a placebo administrados junto con capecitabina en pacientes con cáncer de mama localmente avanzado o metastásico

    Summary
    EudraCT number
    2007-000290-32
    Trial protocol
    ES   FR  
    Global end of trial date
    27 Mar 2009

    Results information
    Results version number
    v1(current)
    This version publication date
    05 May 2022
    First version publication date
    05 May 2022
    Other versions
    Summary report(s)
    Summary

    Trial information

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    Trial identification
    Sponsor protocol code
    SOLTI-0701
    Additional study identifiers
    ISRCTN number
    -
    US NCT number
    -
    WHO universal trial number (UTN)
    -
    Sponsors
    Sponsor organisation name
    SOLTI
    Sponsor organisation address
    C/ Balmes 89 3-7, Barcelona, Spain, 08008
    Public contact
    INVESTIGACION CLINICA, SOLTI, +34 933436302, regsolti@gruposolti.org
    Scientific contact
    INVESTIGACION CLINICA, SOLTI, 34 933436302, regsolti@gruposolti.org
    Paediatric regulatory details
    Is trial part of an agreed paediatric investigation plan (PIP)
    No
    Does article 45 of REGULATION (EC) No 1901/2006 apply to this trial?
    No
    Does article 46 of REGULATION (EC) No 1901/2006 apply to this trial?
    No
    Results analysis stage
    Analysis stage
    Final
    Date of interim/final analysis
    21 Nov 2012
    Is this the analysis of the primary completion data?
    Yes
    Primary completion date
    27 Mar 2009
    Global end of trial reached?
    Yes
    Global end of trial date
    27 Mar 2009
    Was the trial ended prematurely?
    No
    General information about the trial
    Main objective of the trial
    Primary: To compare Progression Free Survival (PFS) in patients treated with sorafenib and capecitabine versus patients treated with placebo and capecitabine for locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer.
    Protection of trial subjects
    Before any study procedure (including screening) was performed and before a patient was enrolled in the study, an investigator or a staff member explained the investigational nature and the purpose of the study to the patient. The explanation was sufficiently detailed to allow the patient to make an informed decision about participating in the study. If the patient understood the requirements of the study and agreed to participate, he/she signed the informed consent form.The sites were responsible for writing the patient informed consent forms and for obtaining IRB/IEC approval. Monitors confirmed that the site’s IRB/IEC approved the informed consent form and that each patient signed it before any study procedure was started or study drug was dispensed.
    Background therapy
    Sorafenib is an oral multi-kinase inhibitor that targets kinases known to be involved in tumor cell proliferation and tumor angiogenesis. These kinases include RAF kinase, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 (VEGFR-1), vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2), vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3 (VEGFR-3), platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta (PDGFR-beta), c-KIT, and Flt-3. Angiogenesis plays a critical role in the development, transformation, and metastasis of breast cancer. Preclinical experiments suggest that angiogenesis precedes transformation of mammary hyperplasia to malignancy. Tumor cells transfected with angiogenic stimulatory peptides have shown increased growth, invasiveness, and metastasis; whereas, tumor cells transfected with inhibitors of angiogenesis have exhibited decreased growth and metastasis [Schneider 2005]. Development of a malignant solid tumor requires the up-regulation of growth factors that induce angiogenesis for development of the tumor blood supply. This is known as the "angiogenic switch" and occurs very early in tumorigenesis [Hanahan 1996]. In human breast cancer, including some carcinoma in situ lesions, the up-regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and increase in microvessel density occurs at an early stage [Brown 1995, Guidi 1994]. The up-regulation of VEGF is not correlated with estrogen receptor status, lymph node metastasis, or tumor size [Relf 1997]. Recently, clinical evidence has emerged supporting the role of angiogenesis in the pathogenesis of advanced/metastatic breast cancer. In a large National Cancer Institute (NCI) Cooperative Group trial (E2100) led by Kathy Miller and colleagues, bevacizumab in combination with weekly paclitaxel nearly doubled median PFS compared to paclitaxel alone (11 versus 6 months) in women who had not previously received chemotherapy for locally recurrent or metastatic breast cancer [Miller(1) 2005].
    Evidence for comparator
    -
    Actual start date of recruitment
    28 May 2007
    Long term follow-up planned
    Yes
    Long term follow-up rationale
    Safety, Scientific research
    Long term follow-up duration
    1 Months
    Independent data monitoring committee (IDMC) involvement?
    No
    Population of trial subjects
    Number of subjects enrolled per country
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Spain: 80
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    France: 37
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Brazil: 112
    Worldwide total number of subjects
    229
    EEA total number of subjects
    117
    Number of subjects enrolled per age group
    In utero
    0
    Preterm newborn - gestational age < 37 wk
    0
    Newborns (0-27 days)
    0
    Infants and toddlers (28 days-23 months)
    0
    Children (2-11 years)
    0
    Adolescents (12-17 years)
    0
    Adults (18-64 years)
    175
    From 65 to 84 years
    54
    85 years and over
    0

    Subject disposition

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    Recruitment
    Recruitment details
    This multinational study was conducted at 24 centers, 23 centers screened patients, and 23 centers enrolled and randomized at least 1 patient in 3 countries: Spain, France and Brazil.

    Pre-assignment
    Screening details
    A total of 273 patients were screened: 44 patients failed screening and 2

    Pre-assignment period milestones
    Number of subjects started
    229
    Number of subjects completed
    229

    Period 1
    Period 1 title
    Treatment period (overall period)
    Is this the baseline period?
    Yes
    Allocation method
    Randomised - controlled
    Blinding used
    Not blinded

    Arms
    Are arms mutually exclusive
    Yes

    Arm title
    Group A
    Arm description
    Capecitabine + Sorafenib
    Arm type
    Experimental

    Investigational medicinal product name
    Capecitabine
    Investigational medicinal product code
    SUB12474MIG
    Other name
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Tablet
    Routes of administration
    Oral use
    Dosage and administration details
    Capecitabine will be administered at a dose of 1,000 mg/m2 orally, twice daily (morning and evening; equivalent to 2,000 mg/m2 total daily dose) for 14 days followed by a 7 day rest period

    Investigational medicinal product name
    Sorafenib
    Investigational medicinal product code
    L01EX02
    Other name
    o
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Tablet
    Routes of administration
    Oral use
    Dosage and administration details
    400 mg (2 tablets) BID continuous administration

    Arm title
    Group B
    Arm description
    Capecitabine + Placebo
    Arm type
    Placebo

    Investigational medicinal product name
    Capecitabine
    Investigational medicinal product code
    SUB12474MIG
    Other name
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Tablet
    Routes of administration
    Oral use
    Dosage and administration details
    Capecitabine will be administered at a dose of 1,000 mg/m2 orally, twice daily (morning and evening; equivalent to 2,000 mg/m2 total daily dose) for 14 days followed by a 7 day rest period

    Investigational medicinal product name
    Placebo
    Investigational medicinal product code
    Other name
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Tablet
    Routes of administration
    Oral use
    Dosage and administration details
    (2 x 200 mg tablets that match sorafenib) administered orally BID (approximately every 12 hours) 1 hour before a meal, or 2 hours after a meal, continuous administration

    Number of subjects in period 1
    Group A Group B
    Started
    115
    114
    Completed
    112
    112
    Not completed
    3
    2
         Consent withdrawn by subject
    2
    -
         Physician decision
    -
    1
         Lost to follow-up
    1
    -
         Not receive treatment
    -
    1

    Baseline characteristics

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    Baseline characteristics reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Group A
    Reporting group description
    Capecitabine + Sorafenib

    Reporting group title
    Group B
    Reporting group description
    Capecitabine + Placebo

    Reporting group values
    Group A Group B Total
    Number of subjects
    115 114 229
    Age categorical
    Units: Subjects
        <40 years
    7 11 18
        40-64 years
    81 76 157
        65-74 years
    23 19 42
        >75 years
    4 8 12
    Age continuous
    Units: years
        geometric mean (standard deviation)
    55.1 ( 11.3 ) 55.4 ( 11.9 ) -
    Gender categorical
    Units: Subjects
        Female
    0 1 1
        Male
    115 113 228
    Race
    Units: Subjects
        Caucasian
    98 98 196
        Black
    5 7 12
        Asian
    2 0 2
        American Indian or Native Alaskan
    0 1 1
        Mestizo
    6 7 13
        Mulato
    4 0 4
        Other
    0 1 1
    ECOG Performance Status
    Units: Subjects
        zero
    79 77 156
        one
    34 34 68
        >2
    1 1 2
        Missing
    1 2 3
    Measurable disease
    Units: Subjects
        Yes
    95 96 191
        No
    20 17 37
        Missing
    0 1 1
    Stage of disease at initial diagnosis
    Units: Subjects
        Stage I
    8 9 17
        Stage II
    48 42 90
        Stage III
    49 47 96
        Stage IV
    10 14 24
        Missing
    0 2 2
    Stage of disease at enrollment
    Units: Subjects
        Stage IIIB or IIIC
    11 9 20
        Stage IV
    104 104 208
        Missing
    0 1 1
    Months since metastatic diagnosis
    Units: Subjects
        0 - 12 Months
    61 56 117
        >12 - <24 Months
    15 21 36
        ≥24 Months
    39 36 75
        Missing
    0 1 1
    Months from adjuvant treatment to recurrence or metastatic diagnosis
    Units: Subjects
        0 - 12 Months
    37 50 87
        >12 - <24 Months
    16 15 31
        ≥24 Months
    57 45 102
        Missing
    5 4 9
    Location of metastatic sites
    Units: Subjects
        Non-visceral
    28 30 58
        Visceral
    87 84 171
    Number of metastatic sites
    Units: Subjects
        one
    31 34 65
        two
    41 45 86
        three
    36 23 59
        >3
    7 11 18
        Missing
    0 1 1
    Brain metastasis
    Units: Subjects
        Yes
    1 1 2
        No
    114 112 226
        Missing
    0 1 1
    Estrogen receptor
    Units: Subjects
        Positive
    91 77 168
        Negative
    23 35 58
        Unknown
    1 1 2
        Missing
    0 1 1
    Progesterone receptor
    Units: Subjects
        Positive
    66 51 117
        Negative
    43 60 103
        Unknown
    6 2 8
        Missing
    0 1 1
    Hormone receptor status
    Units: Subjects
        ER-, PgR-
    20 33 53
        ER+, PgR-
    23 27 50
        ER-, PgR+
    3 2 5
        ER+, PgR+
    63 49 112
        Unknown
    6 2 8
        Missing
    0 1 1
    Weight
    Units: kilogram(s)
        geometric mean (standard deviation)
    66.6 ( 13.4 ) 67.3 ( 12.6 ) -
    BSA
    Units: square meter
        geometric mean (standard deviation)
    1.7 ( 0.2 ) 1.7 ( 0.1 ) -
    Months since initial diagnosis
    Units: month
        geometric mean (standard deviation)
    71 ( 52.6 ) 63.9 ( 58.6 ) -
    Months since metastatic diagnosis
    Units: month
        geometric mean (standard deviation)
    19.4 ( 22.2 ) 23.1 ( 31.3 ) -
    FACT-B total score
    Units: unit(s)
        geometric mean (standard deviation)
    97.1 ( 21 ) 99.9 ( 16.7 ) -
    FACT-B breast cancer subscale score
    Units: unit(s)
        geometric mean (standard deviation)
    22.6 ( 6.1 ) 23.2 ( 5.2 ) -

    End points

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    End points reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Group A
    Reporting group description
    Capecitabine + Sorafenib

    Reporting group title
    Group B
    Reporting group description
    Capecitabine + Placebo

    Primary: PFS

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    End point title
    PFS
    End point description
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    PFS will be measured from the date of randomization to the date of first documented disease progressionor the date of death due to any cause, if before progression
    End point values
    Group A Group B
    Number of subjects analysed
    54
    71
    Units: day
        median (confidence interval 95%)
    183 (133 to 234)
    121 (85 to 160)
    Attachments
    Untitled (Filename: Analyses of progression-free survival.docx)
    Statistical analysis title
    Analyses of progression-free survival
    Comparison groups
    Group A v Group B
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    125
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    equivalence
    P-value
    = 0.0005
    Method
    t-test, 1-sided
    Parameter type
    Hazard ratio (HR)
    Point estimate
    0.576
    Confidence interval
         level
    95%
         sides
    2-sided
         lower limit
    0.41
         upper limit
    0.809
    Statistical analysis title
    Un-stratified analysis
    Comparison groups
    Group A v Group B
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    125
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    equivalence
    P-value
    = 0.573
    Method
    t-test, 1-sided
    Parameter type
    Hazard ratio (HR)
    Point estimate
    0.573
    Confidence interval
         level
    95%
         sides
    2-sided
         lower limit
    0.41
         upper limit
    0.799
    Statistical analysis title
    NPT considered as PFS event
    Comparison groups
    Group A v Group B
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    125
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    equivalence
    P-value
    = 0.0005
    Method
    t-test, 1-sided
    Parameter type
    Hazard ratio (HR)
    Point estimate
    0.599
    Confidence interval
         level
    95%
         sides
    2-sided
         lower limit
    0.438
         upper limit
    0.819
    Statistical analysis title
    NPT not considered PFS or censor PFS
    Comparison groups
    Group A v Group B
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    125
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    equivalence
    P-value
    = 0.599
    Method
    t-test, 1-sided
    Parameter type
    Hazard ratio (HR)
    Point estimate
    0.614
    Confidence interval
         level
    95%
         sides
    2-sided
         lower limit
    0.443
         upper limit
    0.851

    Secondary: Overall Survival

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    End point title
    Overall Survival
    End point description
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    At the time of the data cutoff date of 30 June 2010
    End point values
    Group A Group B
    Number of subjects analysed
    115
    114
    Units: day
        median (confidence interval 95%)
    675 (550 to 812)
    637 (489 to 734)
    Statistical analysis title
    Analysis of overall survival
    Comparison groups
    Group B v Group A
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    229
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    equivalence
    P-value
    = 0.2075
    Method
    t-test, 1-sided
    Parameter type
    Hazard ratio (HR)
    Point estimate
    0.846
    Confidence interval
         level
    95%
         sides
    2-sided
         lower limit
    0.608
         upper limit
    1.228

    Secondary: Time to progression

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    End point title
    Time to progression
    End point description
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    At the time of the data cutoff date of 27 March 2009, the 229 patients in the ITT population had 132 progression events.
    End point values
    Group A Group B
    Number of subjects analysed
    115
    114
    Units: day
        geometric mean (confidence interval 95%)
    207 (167 to 253)
    126 (105 to 179)
    Statistical analysis title
    Analysis of time to progression
    Comparison groups
    Group A v Group B
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    229
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    equivalence
    P-value
    = 0.0005
    Method
    t-test, 1-sided
    Parameter type
    Hazard ratio (HR)
    Point estimate
    0.562
    Confidence interval
         level
    95%
         sides
    2-sided
         lower limit
    0.394
         upper limit
    0.799

    Secondary: Overall response rate

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    End point title
    Overall response rate
    End point description
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Duration of response for this analysis was defined as the time from the first documented CR or PR, until the first documented PD or death.
    End point values
    Group A Group B
    Number of subjects analysed
    115
    114
    Units: day
    median (confidence interval 91%)
        Treatment Group
    188 (93 to 255)
    124 (88 to 189)
    Statistical analysis title
    Analysis of duration of response rate
    Comparison groups
    Group A v Group B
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    229
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    equivalence
    P-value
    = 0.1229
    Method
    t-test, 1-sided
    Parameter type
    Hazard ratio (HR)
    Point estimate
    0.846
    Confidence interval
         level
    95%
         sides
    2-sided
         lower limit
    0.635
         upper limit
    1.127

    Secondary: Overall response rate: Patients with measurable disease

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    End point title
    Overall response rate: Patients with measurable disease
    End point description
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Duration of response for this analysis was defined as the time from the first documented CR or PR, until the first documented PD or death.
    End point values
    Group A Group B
    Number of subjects analysed
    95
    96
    Units: day
        median (confidence interval 95%)
    188 (93 to 255)
    124 (88 to 189)
    Statistical analysis title
    Analysis of duration of response rate
    Comparison groups
    Group A v Group B
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    191
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    equivalence
    P-value
    = 0.0336
    Method
    t-test, 1-sided
    Parameter type
    Hazard ratio (HR)
    Point estimate
    0.799
    Confidence interval
         level
    95%
         sides
    2-sided
         lower limit
    0.579
         upper limit
    1.102

    Secondary: Duration of overall response

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    End point title
    Duration of overall response
    End point description
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Duration of objective response was defined as the time from the first documented CR or PR, for confirmed responses, until the first documented PD or death (if before progression).
    End point values
    Group A Group B
    Number of subjects analysed
    115
    114
    Units: day
        median (confidence interval 95%)
    232 (147 to 255)
    127 (87 to 189)
    Statistical analysis title
    Analysis of duration of objective response
    Comparison groups
    Group A v Group B
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    229
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    equivalence
    P-value
    ≤ 0.05
    Method
    t-test, 1-sided
    Parameter type
    Hazard ratio (HR)
    Point estimate
    0.877
    Confidence interval
         level
    95%
         sides
    2-sided
         lower limit
    0.665
         upper limit
    1.158

    Secondary: Duration of overall response: Patients with Measurable Disease

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    End point title
    Duration of overall response: Patients with Measurable Disease
    End point description
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Duration of objective response was defined as the time from the first documented CR or PR, for confirmed responses, until the first documented PD or death (if before progression).
    End point values
    Group A Group B
    Number of subjects analysed
    95
    96
    Units: day
        median (confidence interval 95%)
    232 (147 to 255)
    127 (87 to 189)
    Statistical analysis title
    Analysis of duration of objective response
    Comparison groups
    Group B v Group A
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    191
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    equivalence
    P-value
    = 0.0417
    Method
    t-test, 1-sided
    Parameter type
    Hazard ratio (HR)
    Point estimate
    0.843
    Confidence interval
         level
    95%
         sides
    2-sided
         lower limit
    0.619
         upper limit
    1.147

    Adverse events

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    Adverse events information
    Timeframe for reporting adverse events
    Since Inclusion until End of Treatment
    Assessment type
    Systematic
    Dictionary used for adverse event reporting
    Dictionary name
    MedDRA
    Dictionary version
    3.0
    Reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Sorafenib
    Reporting group description
    Sorafenib + Capecitabine

    Reporting group title
    Placebo
    Reporting group description
    Sorafenib + Capecitabine

    Serious adverse events
    Sorafenib Placebo
    Total subjects affected by serious adverse events
         subjects affected / exposed
    36 / 112 (32.14%)
    30 / 112 (26.79%)
         number of deaths (all causes)
    5
    5
         number of deaths resulting from adverse events
    0
    1
    Cardiac disorders
    Cardiac arrest
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 112 (0.00%)
    1 / 112 (0.89%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    1 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    1 / 1
    Gastrointestinal disorders
    Diarrhoea
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 112 (1.79%)
    4 / 112 (3.57%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    2 / 2
    3 / 3
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Vomiting
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 112 (0.00%)
    3 / 112 (2.68%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    2 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
    Pleural effusion
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 112 (3.57%)
    2 / 112 (1.79%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    1 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Dyspnoea
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 112 (2.68%)
    2 / 112 (1.79%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders
    Palmar-plantar erythrodysaesthesia syndrome
         subjects affected / exposed
    14 / 112 (12.50%)
    5 / 112 (4.46%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    14 / 14
    5 / 5
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Pruritus
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 112 (0.89%)
    0 / 112 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Rash
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 112 (0.89%)
    0 / 112 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Frequency threshold for reporting non-serious adverse events: 5%
    Non-serious adverse events
    Sorafenib Placebo
    Total subjects affected by non serious adverse events
         subjects affected / exposed
    111 / 112 (99.11%)
    106 / 112 (94.64%)
    Investigations
    Weight decreased
         subjects affected / exposed
    9 / 112 (8.04%)
    0 / 112 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    9
    0
    Vascular disorders
    Hypertension
         subjects affected / exposed
    19 / 112 (16.96%)
    13 / 112 (11.61%)
         occurrences all number
    19
    13
    Nervous system disorders
    Headache
         subjects affected / exposed
    18 / 112 (16.07%)
    17 / 112 (15.18%)
         occurrences all number
    18
    17
    Paraesthesia
         subjects affected / exposed
    14 / 112 (12.50%)
    10 / 112 (8.93%)
         occurrences all number
    14
    10
    Dizziness
         subjects affected / exposed
    7 / 112 (6.25%)
    3 / 112 (2.68%)
         occurrences all number
    7
    3
    Myalgia
         subjects affected / exposed
    5 / 112 (4.46%)
    6 / 112 (5.36%)
         occurrences all number
    5
    6
    General disorders and administration site conditions
    Asthenia
         subjects affected / exposed
    27 / 112 (24.11%)
    30 / 112 (26.79%)
         occurrences all number
    27
    30
    Mucosal inflammation
         subjects affected / exposed
    36 / 112 (32.14%)
    20 / 112 (17.86%)
         occurrences all number
    36
    20
    Fatigue
         subjects affected / exposed
    16 / 112 (14.29%)
    14 / 112 (12.50%)
         occurrences all number
    16
    14
    Oedema peripheral
         subjects affected / exposed
    11 / 112 (9.82%)
    7 / 112 (6.25%)
         occurrences all number
    11
    7
    Pyrexia
         subjects affected / exposed
    10 / 112 (8.93%)
    8 / 112 (7.14%)
         occurrences all number
    10
    8
    Chest pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    5 / 112 (4.46%)
    9 / 112 (8.04%)
         occurrences all number
    5
    9
    Blood and lymphatic system disorders
    Neutropenia
         subjects affected / exposed
    11 / 112 (9.82%)
    3 / 112 (2.68%)
         occurrences all number
    11
    3
    Anaemia
         subjects affected / exposed
    9 / 112 (8.04%)
    6 / 112 (5.36%)
         occurrences all number
    9
    6
    Thrombocytopenia
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 112 (1.79%)
    5 / 112 (4.46%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    5
    Eye disorders
    Conjunctivitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 112 (0.89%)
    8 / 112 (7.14%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    8
    Lacrimation increased
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 112 (0.00%)
    6 / 112 (5.36%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    6
    Gastrointestinal disorders
    Diarrhoea
         subjects affected / exposed
    57 / 112 (50.89%)
    30 / 112 (26.79%)
         occurrences all number
    57
    30
    Nausea
         subjects affected / exposed
    30 / 112 (26.79%)
    35 / 112 (31.25%)
         occurrences all number
    30
    35
    Vomiting
         subjects affected / exposed
    23 / 112 (20.54%)
    16 / 112 (14.29%)
         occurrences all number
    23
    16
    Constipation
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 112 (1.79%)
    11 / 112 (9.82%)
         occurrences all number
    25
    11
    Abdominal pain upper
         subjects affected / exposed
    17 / 112 (15.18%)
    12 / 112 (10.71%)
         occurrences all number
    17
    12
    Abdominal pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    11 / 112 (9.82%)
    11 / 112 (9.82%)
         occurrences all number
    11
    11
    Stomatitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    6 / 112 (5.36%)
    7 / 112 (6.25%)
         occurrences all number
    6
    7
    Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
    Dyspnoea
         subjects affected / exposed
    12 / 112 (10.71%)
    13 / 112 (11.61%)
         occurrences all number
    12
    13
    Cough
         subjects affected / exposed
    13 / 112 (11.61%)
    7 / 112 (6.25%)
         occurrences all number
    13
    7
    Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders
    Palmar-plantar erythrodysaesthesia syndrome
         subjects affected / exposed
    86 / 112 (76.79%)
    65 / 112 (58.04%)
         occurrences all number
    86
    65
    Alopecia
         subjects affected / exposed
    32 / 112 (28.57%)
    5 / 112 (4.46%)
         occurrences all number
    32
    5
    Dry skin
         subjects affected / exposed
    10 / 112 (8.93%)
    8 / 112 (7.14%)
         occurrences all number
    10
    8
    Pruritus
         subjects affected / exposed
    6 / 112 (5.36%)
    5 / 112 (4.46%)
         occurrences all number
    6
    5
    Skin hyperpigmentation
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 112 (1.79%)
    8 / 112 (7.14%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    8
    Psychiatric disorders
    Insomnia
         subjects affected / exposed
    9 / 112 (8.04%)
    6 / 112 (5.36%)
         occurrences all number
    9
    6
    Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders
    Back pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    10 / 112 (8.93%)
    12 / 112 (10.71%)
         occurrences all number
    10
    12
    Musculoskeletal pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    13 / 112 (11.61%)
    7 / 112 (6.25%)
         occurrences all number
    13
    7
    Pain in extremity
         subjects affected / exposed
    7 / 112 (6.25%)
    6 / 112 (5.36%)
         occurrences all number
    7
    6
    Arthralgia
         subjects affected / exposed
    5 / 112 (4.46%)
    6 / 112 (5.36%)
         occurrences all number
    5
    6
    Metabolism and nutrition disorders
    Anorexia
         subjects affected / exposed
    22 / 112 (19.64%)
    13 / 112 (11.61%)
         occurrences all number
    22
    13

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    Substantial protocol amendments (globally)

    Were there any global substantial amendments to the protocol? Yes
    Date
    Amendment
    20 Jul 2007
    -Increase in the patient sample size is done in order to achieve 120 PFS events in a shorter time than with the original sample size of 180. -Include the health related quality of life HF-QoL in order to compare the effect of sorafenib and capecitabine versus placebo and capecitabine on hand-foot skin reaction symptoms
    18 Apr 2008
    AEs and SAEs:The amendment clarified that all data, including relationship, was captured on the AE case report form page, and that in the electronic data capture system, the SAE form was a subset of the AE case report form. Inconsistencies in reporting requirements for AEs were corrected. It was noted that the IB would be updated in accordance with Bayer/Onyx SOPs. Concomitant medication: It was noted that any kind of growth factors could be used during the study. Data monitoring committee: The role and responsibilities of DMC were modified. Dosing: The capecitabine dosing schedule was clarified in the event of a dose delay due to toxicity. It was also clarified that, although capecitabine was to be discontinued due to toxicity, sorafenib/placebo treatment could be continued AND that although sorafenib/placebo was to be discontinued due to toxicity, capecitabine treatment could be continued. Duration of stable disease: Duration was clarified as a period of time. Follow-up: The protocol was amended to allow a two-week window for the assessments that were required during the Follow-up period (Post-Progression Period). Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Some inclusion and exclusion criteria were revised to provide clarity on the criteria (and in some cases, provided new criteria) that defined patients who were eligible versus not eligible for study entry. Specifically, clarifications/revisions were made to Inclusion Criteria 7, 10, and 11, and to Exclusion Criteria 9, 16, 20, and 21. Laboratory tests: Clarity was provided on when coagulation laboratory tests were to occur. Monitoring toxicities: The amendment specified a requirement for patients to have blood pressure monitoring at a weekly clinic visit (rather than at home) during the first 6 weeks. RECIST criteria: The amendment specified radiologic follow-up requirements for patients with bone disease to fulfill requirements for full evaluation of tumor response per modified RECIST criteria
    18 Apr 2008
    Treatment continuation period: Amendment 3 modified the protocol to allow patients who were receiving treatment with sorafenib and/or capecitabine at the time that the OS results were unblinded, and the sites and the patients were unblinded, to continue to receive the study treatment to which they were originally assigned at randomization until disease progression occurred or the patients discontinued from the study for any reason. This period of the study was referred to as the “treatment-continuation” phase. An updated informed consent form was to be signed by each patient who was eligible and elected to continue on study during the treatment-continuation period. Assessments of survival were not performed during the treatment-continuation period, safety assessments were conducted per the treating physician’s standard practice. Only SAE safety data was collected during this phase, and no prespecified analyses were performed. SAEs were reported to Onyx Drug Safety using paper forms. At the time of discontinuation of the treatment-continuation period, patients did NOT enter a follow-up period, and study medication was no longer provided.

    Interruptions (globally)

    Were there any global interruptions to the trial? No

    Limitations and caveats

    Limitations of the trial such as small numbers of subjects analysed or technical problems leading to unreliable data.
    None reported
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