E.1 Medical condition or disease under investigation |
E.1.1 | Medical condition(s) being investigated |
Insulin resistance in patients who have had a stroke or transient ischaemic attack |
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MedDRA Classification |
E.1.3 | Condition being studied is a rare disease | No |
E.2 Objective of the trial |
E.2.1 | Main objective of the trial |
To determine if pioglitazone (a drug to treat insulin resistance), compared to placebo (a dummy medication), will reduce the overall risk for fatal or non-fatal stroke or fatal or non-fatal myocardial infarction (MI, commonly known as 'heart attack') among non-diabetic men and women aged 40 years or older with insulin resistance, who have experienced a recent stroke or transient ischaemic attack (a TIA, sometimes termed a 'mini-stroke). We hypothesize that, among non-diabetics with insulin resistance, pioglitazone will reduce the rate of occurrence of any main outcome (fatal or non-fatal stroke or MI) within four years from 27% to 22%. |
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E.2.2 | Secondary objectives of the trial |
1. To determine if pioglitazone, compared to placebo, will reduce the risk for stroke alone. We hypothesize that pioglitazone will reduce the rate of occurrence of fatal or non-fatal stroke. 2. To determine if pioglitazone, compared to placebo, will reduce the risk for acute MI ('heart attack') or unstable angina (heart related chest pain). Unstable angina is an important clinical event because it identifies individuals at high risk for MI who urgent medical intervention to diagnose and treat their condition. We hypothesize that pioglitazone will reduce the overall rate of occurrence of acute MI and unstable angina. 3. To determine if pioglitazone, compared to placebo, is effective in preventing progression to overt diabetes.Insulin resistance is the principal risk factor for type II diabetes. We hypothesize that pioglitazone, by sensitizing cells to insulin’s action, will prevent progression to diabetes. 4. To determine if pioglitazone, compared to placebo, will reduce the r |
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E.2.3 | Trial contains a sub-study | No |
E.3 | Principal inclusion criteria |
Inclusion Criteria a. Age 40 years or greater at the time of randomization. b. Ischemic stroke or TIA no less than 14 days and no more than 6 months before randomization c. Documentation of insulin resistance as defined by a value over 3.0 on the Homeostasis Model Assessment of insulin sensitivity (HOMA). d. Both ability and willingness to provide informed consent. e. Presence of none of the exclusion criteria. |
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E.4 | Principal exclusion criteria |
Permanent Exclusions a. Severely disabling stroke as indicated by an inability to participate in scheduled follow-up activities. b. Persons whose ischemic stroke or TIA was related to structural cardiac lesion, significant head trauma, proximal arterial dissection or medical instrumentation. c. Diabetes mellitus as defined by recent use of medication for diabetes as an out-patient (*see note below) or two fasting plasma blood sugars > 126 mg/dL. d. HgbA1c >= 7.0%. e. Irreversible medical conditions likely to affect short-term survival or ability to participate in the study protocol. These include: • Cancer or other chronic disease with poor prognosis (predicted survival of less than four years). • Severe neurologic or psychiatric disease that would complicate the evaluation of study outcomes (e.g., dementia or schizophrenia). f. History of intolerance to any thiazolidinedione. g. Pregnancy or desire to become pregnant. h. Oral contraceptive use. i. Ongoing use of oral corticosteroids. j. History of heart failure k. Active liver disease as defined by known liver disease accompanied by cirrhosis, significant cholestasis, portal hypertension, hepatic encephalopathy, hepatic synthetic dysfunction, or expected significant loss of liver function over the course of the study. l. History of bladder cancer. m. Current participation in a conflicting clinical trial. A conflicting clinical trial is defined as a trial with any of following: • Intervention that is known to affect the incidence of stroke or myocardial infarction. • Intervention that is an experimental drug. • Outcome that includes stroke or myocardial infarction. • Exclusion for participation in another trial. Temporary Exclusions Persons with temporary exclusions may be enrolled as soon as the exclusion has resolved. a. ALT >2.5 times the upper limit of normal. b. Hemoglobin <8.5 g/dl. c. Moderate or severe pitting edema of the feet or legs (IRIS grade 3 or 4). d. Carotid surgery or carotid stenting procedure scheduled (delay randomization until 2 weeks following procedure). *Patients who have taken a medication to treat diabetes in the prior 3 months as an out-patient will not be eligible for participation. However, a patient who has recently taken a diabetes medication while hospitalized or for a reason other than diabetes (e.g., for impaired glucose tolerance), may be tested for eligibility after at least 7 days off the medication. |
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E.5 End points |
E.5.1 | Primary end point(s) |
Rate of occurrence of fatal or non-fatal stroke or MI (i.e. % of patients in whom one or more of the events occur) |
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E.6 and E.7 Scope of the trial |
E.6 | Scope of the trial |
E.6.1 | Diagnosis | No |
E.6.2 | Prophylaxis | No |
E.6.3 | Therapy | Yes |
E.6.4 | Safety | Yes |
E.6.5 | Efficacy | Yes |
E.6.6 | Pharmacokinetic | No |
E.6.7 | Pharmacodynamic | No |
E.6.8 | Bioequivalence | No |
E.6.9 | Dose response | No |
E.6.10 | Pharmacogenetic | No |
E.6.11 | Pharmacogenomic | No |
E.6.12 | Pharmacoeconomic | No |
E.6.13 | Others | No |
E.7 | Trial type and phase |
E.7.1 | Human pharmacology (Phase I) | No |
E.7.1.1 | First administration to humans | Information not present in EudraCT |
E.7.1.2 | Bioequivalence study | Information not present in EudraCT |
E.7.1.3 | Other | Information not present in EudraCT |
E.7.1.3.1 | Other trial type description | |
E.7.2 | Therapeutic exploratory (Phase II) | No |
E.7.3 | Therapeutic confirmatory (Phase III) | Yes |
E.7.4 | Therapeutic use (Phase IV) | No |
E.8 Design of the trial |
E.8.1 | Controlled | Yes |
E.8.1.1 | Randomised | Yes |
E.8.1.2 | Open | No |
E.8.1.3 | Single blind | No |
E.8.1.4 | Double blind | Yes |
E.8.1.5 | Parallel group | Yes |
E.8.1.6 | Cross over | No |
E.8.1.7 | Other | No |
E.8.2 | Comparator of controlled trial |
E.8.2.1 | Other medicinal product(s) | No |
E.8.2.2 | Placebo | Yes |
E.8.2.3 | Other | No |
E.8.3 |
The trial involves single site in the Member State concerned
| No |
E.8.4 | The trial involves multiple sites in the Member State concerned | Yes |
E.8.4.1 | Number of sites anticipated in Member State concerned | 40 |
E.8.5 | The trial involves multiple Member States | Yes |
E.8.5.1 | Number of sites anticipated in the EEA | 80 |
E.8.6 Trial involving sites outside the EEA |
E.8.6.1 | Trial being conducted both within and outside the EEA | Yes |
E.8.6.2 | Trial being conducted completely outside of the EEA | Information not present in EudraCT |
E.8.6.3 | If E.8.6.1 or E.8.6.2 are Yes, specify the regions in which trial sites are planned |
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E.8.7 | Trial has a data monitoring committee | Yes |
E.8.8 |
Definition of the end of the trial and justification where it is not the last
visit of the last subject undergoing the trial
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E.8.9 Initial estimate of the duration of the trial |
E.8.9.1 | In the Member State concerned years | 5 |
E.8.9.1 | In the Member State concerned months | 3 |
E.8.9.1 | In the Member State concerned days | 22 |
E.8.9.2 | In all countries concerned by the trial years | 10 |
E.8.9.2 | In all countries concerned by the trial months | 4 |
E.8.9.2 | In all countries concerned by the trial days | 29 |