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    Clinical Trial Results:
    A multicenter, double-blind, randomized, 52-week, extension study to evaluate the long term safety, tolerability and efficacy of aliskiren compared to enalapril in pediatric hypertensive patients 6-17 years of age

    Summary
    EudraCT number
    2009-017029-20
    Trial protocol
    SK   DE   HU   BE   FR   PL   Outside EU/EEA  
    Global end of trial date
    13 Aug 2015

    Results information
    Results version number
    v1(current)
    This version publication date
    02 Jul 2016
    First version publication date
    02 Jul 2016
    Other versions

    Trial information

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    Trial identification
    Sponsor protocol code
    CSPP100A2365E1
    Additional study identifiers
    ISRCTN number
    -
    US NCT number
    NCT01151410
    WHO universal trial number (UTN)
    -
    Sponsors
    Sponsor organisation name
    Novartis Pharma AG
    Sponsor organisation address
    CH-4002, Basel, Switzerland,
    Public contact
    Clinical Disclosure Office, Novartis Pharma AG, 41 613241111,
    Scientific contact
    Clinical Disclosure Office, Novartis Pharma AG, 41 613241111,
    Paediatric regulatory details
    Is trial part of an agreed paediatric investigation plan (PIP)
    Yes
    EMA paediatric investigation plan number(s)
    EMEA-000362-PIP01-08
    Does article 45 of REGULATION (EC) No 1901/2006 apply to this trial?
    No
    Does article 46 of REGULATION (EC) No 1901/2006 apply to this trial?
    Yes
    Results analysis stage
    Analysis stage
    Final
    Date of interim/final analysis
    13 Aug 2015
    Is this the analysis of the primary completion data?
    No
    Global end of trial reached?
    Yes
    Global end of trial date
    13 Aug 2015
    Was the trial ended prematurely?
    No
    General information about the trial
    Main objective of the trial
    To evaluate the safety and tolerability of long term administration (52 weeks) of aliskiren compared to enalapril in hypertensive children aged 6-17 years (age at baseline in Study CSPP100A2365).
    Protection of trial subjects
    The study was in compliance with the ethical principles derived from the Declaration of Helsinki and the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) Good Clinical Practice (GCP) guidelines. All the local regulatory requirements pertinent to safety of trial subjects were also followed during the conduct of the trial.
    Background therapy
    -
    Evidence for comparator
    -
    Actual start date of recruitment
    20 Aug 2010
    Long term follow-up planned
    No
    Independent data monitoring committee (IDMC) involvement?
    Yes
    Population of trial subjects
    Number of subjects enrolled per country
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Guatemala: 17
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Hungary: 48
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Poland: 10
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Slovakia: 55
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Turkey: 3
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    United States: 75
    Worldwide total number of subjects
    208
    EEA total number of subjects
    113
    Number of subjects enrolled per age group
    In utero
    0
    Preterm newborn - gestational age < 37 wk
    0
    Newborns (0-27 days)
    0
    Infants and toddlers (28 days-23 months)
    0
    Children (2-11 years)
    101
    Adolescents (12-17 years)
    107
    Adults (18-64 years)
    0
    From 65 to 84 years
    0
    85 years and over
    0

    Subject disposition

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    Recruitment
    Recruitment details
    -

    Pre-assignment
    Screening details
    A total of 208 patients were randomized in this study. The number of patients by treatment group included in the efficacy and safety analyses differed due to a treatment crossover in one patient (caused by kit dispensing error).

    Period 1
    Period 1 title
    Overall Study (overall period)
    Is this the baseline period?
    Yes
    Allocation method
    Randomised - controlled
    Blinding used
    Double blind
    Roles blinded
    Subject, Investigator

    Arms
    Are arms mutually exclusive
    Yes

    Arm title
    Aliskiren
    Arm description
    Patients will receive one of the following doses based on the their weight: Low weight (≥20 to <50 kg) patients: Starting dose 37.5 mg with optional titration to 75 and then 150 mg Mid weight (≥50 to <80 kg) patients: Starting dose 75 mg with optional titration to 150 and then 300 mg High weight (≥80 to ≤150 kg) patients: Starting dose 150 mg with optional titration to 300 and then 600 mg
    Arm type
    Experimental

    Investigational medicinal product name
    Aliskiren
    Investigational medicinal product code
    SPP100
    Other name
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Capsule
    Routes of administration
    Oral use
    Dosage and administration details
    Aliskiren dispensing capsules containing minitablets (3.125 mg per minitablet) with a total dose of 37.5 mg/capsule, 75 mg/capsule or 150 mg/capsule. Patients used one or more capsules to reach assigned dose. Low weight patients: Starting dose 37.5 mg with optional titration to 75 and then 150 mg Mid weight patients: Starting dose 75 mg with optional titration to 150 and then 300 mg High weight patients: Starting dose 150 mg with optional titration to 300 and then 600 mg

    Arm title
    Enalapril
    Arm description
    Patients will receive one of the following doses based on their weight: Low weight (≥20 to <50 kg) patients: Starting dose 2.5 mg with optional titration to 5 and then 10 mg Mid weight (≥50 to <80 kg) patients: Starting dose 5 mg with optional titration to 10 and then 20 mg High weight (≥80 to ≤150 kg) patients: Starting dose 10 mg with optional titration to 20 and then 40 mg
    Arm type
    Active comparator

    Investigational medicinal product name
    Enalapril
    Investigational medicinal product code
    Other name
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Tablet
    Routes of administration
    Oral use
    Dosage and administration details
    Enalapril was provided as tablets with 2.5 mg/tablet, 5 mg/tablet, 10 mg/tablet and 20 mg/tablet. Patient took one or more tablets to reach assigned dose. Low weight (≥20 to <50 kg) patients: Starting dose 2.5 mg with optional titration to 5 and then 10 mg Mid weight (≥50 to <80 kg) patients: Starting dose 5 mg with optional titration to 10 and then 20 mg High weight (≥80 to ≤150 kg) patients: Starting dose 10 mg with optional titration to 20 and then 40 mg

    Number of subjects in period 1
    Aliskiren Enalapril
    Started
    104
    104
    Completed
    93
    89
    Not completed
    11
    15
         Abnormal laboratory value(s)
    -
    1
         Consent withdrawn by subject
    3
    5
         Adverse event, non-fatal
    1
    2
         Protocol deviation
    2
    1
         Unsatisfactory therapeutic effect
    1
    1
         Administrative problems
    1
    1
         Lost to follow-up
    3
    4

    Baseline characteristics

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    Baseline characteristics reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Aliskiren
    Reporting group description
    Patients will receive one of the following doses based on the their weight: Low weight (≥20 to <50 kg) patients: Starting dose 37.5 mg with optional titration to 75 and then 150 mg Mid weight (≥50 to <80 kg) patients: Starting dose 75 mg with optional titration to 150 and then 300 mg High weight (≥80 to ≤150 kg) patients: Starting dose 150 mg with optional titration to 300 and then 600 mg

    Reporting group title
    Enalapril
    Reporting group description
    Patients will receive one of the following doses based on their weight: Low weight (≥20 to <50 kg) patients: Starting dose 2.5 mg with optional titration to 5 and then 10 mg Mid weight (≥50 to <80 kg) patients: Starting dose 5 mg with optional titration to 10 and then 20 mg High weight (≥80 to ≤150 kg) patients: Starting dose 10 mg with optional titration to 20 and then 40 mg

    Reporting group values
    Aliskiren Enalapril Total
    Number of subjects
    104 104 208
    Age, Customized
    Units: participants
        Children 6 – 11 years
    50 51 101
        Adolescents 12 – 17 years
    54 53 107
    Age Continuous
    Units: years
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    11.7 ( 3.4 ) 11.9 ( 3.4 ) -
    Gender, Male/Female
    Units: participants
        Male
    64 72 136
        Female
    40 32 72

    End points

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    End points reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Aliskiren
    Reporting group description
    Patients will receive one of the following doses based on the their weight: Low weight (≥20 to <50 kg) patients: Starting dose 37.5 mg with optional titration to 75 and then 150 mg Mid weight (≥50 to <80 kg) patients: Starting dose 75 mg with optional titration to 150 and then 300 mg High weight (≥80 to ≤150 kg) patients: Starting dose 150 mg with optional titration to 300 and then 600 mg

    Reporting group title
    Enalapril
    Reporting group description
    Patients will receive one of the following doses based on their weight: Low weight (≥20 to <50 kg) patients: Starting dose 2.5 mg with optional titration to 5 and then 10 mg Mid weight (≥50 to <80 kg) patients: Starting dose 5 mg with optional titration to 10 and then 20 mg High weight (≥80 to ≤150 kg) patients: Starting dose 10 mg with optional titration to 20 and then 40 mg

    Primary: Change from baseline in mean sitting systolic blood pressure (msSBP) at end of study

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    End point title
    Change from baseline in mean sitting systolic blood pressure (msSBP) at end of study
    End point description
    Sitting blood pressure was measured using a calibrated standard sphygmomanometer after the participants remained in sitting position for 5 minutes at clinic during the visit. The repeat sitting measurements were made at 2 to 3 minute intervals and the mean of three sSBP measurements were used as the average sitting office blood pressure for that visit.
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    Baseline - end of study (Week 52 or Last observation carried forward (LOCF)
    End point values
    Aliskiren Enalapril
    Number of subjects analysed
    104
    104
    Units: millimeter(s) of mercury (mmHg)
        least squares mean (standard error)
    -7.63 ( 1.16 )
    -7.94 ( 1.14 )
    Statistical analysis title
    Change from baseline in msSBP
    Comparison groups
    Aliskiren v Enalapril
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    208
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    [1]
    P-value
    = 0.004
    Method
    ANCOVA
    Parameter type
    Mean difference (net)
    Point estimate
    0.31
    Confidence interval
         level
    95%
         sides
    1-sided
         lower limit
    -2.4
         upper limit
    -
    Notes
    [1] - Indicates statistical significance at 0.025 level for one sided non-inferiority testing at 4mmHgmargin.

    Secondary: Change in mean sitting diastolic blood pressure (msDBP) from Baseline to end of study

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    End point title
    Change in mean sitting diastolic blood pressure (msDBP) from Baseline to end of study
    End point description
    Sitting blood pressure was measured using a calibrated standard sphygmomanometer after the participants remained in sitting position for 5 minutes at clinic during the visit. The repeat sitting measurements were made at 2 to 3 minute intervals and the mean of three sDBP measurements were used as the average sitting office blood pressure for that visit.
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Baseline - end of study (Week 52 or Last observation carried forward (LOCF)
    End point values
    Aliskiren Enalapril
    Number of subjects analysed
    104
    104
    Units: mmHg
        least squares mean (standard error)
    -3.9 ( 0.87 )
    -4.94 ( 0.85 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Change in mean arterial pressure (MAP) (mmHg) from baseline to end of study

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    End point title
    Change in mean arterial pressure (MAP) (mmHg) from baseline to end of study
    End point description
    MAP was defined as the average arterial pressure during a single cardiac cycle. The MAP was measured as sum of diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and one third of difference between systolic blood pressure (SBP) and DBP i.e. MAP = DBP+1/3*(SBP - DBP).
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Baseline to end of study (Week 52 or LOCF)
    End point values
    Aliskiren Enalapril
    Number of subjects analysed
    104
    104
    Units: mmHg
        least squares mean (standard error)
    -5.15 ( 0.89 )
    -5.95 ( 0.87 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Adverse events

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    Adverse events information
    Timeframe for reporting adverse events
    Adverse events are collected from First Patient First Visit (FPFV) until Last Patient Last Visit (LPLV). All adverse events reported in this record are from date of First Patient First Treatment until Last Patient Last Visit.
    Adverse event reporting additional description
    AE additional description
    Assessment type
    Systematic
    Dictionary used for adverse event reporting
    Dictionary name
    MedDRA
    Dictionary version
    18.0
    Reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Aliskiren
    Reporting group description
    Patients will receive one of the following doses based on the their weight: Low weight (≥20 to <50 kg) patients: Starting dose 37.5 mg with optional titration to 75 and then 150 mg Mid weight (≥50 to <80 kg) patients: Starting dose 75 mg with optional titration to 150 and then 300 mg High weight (≥80 to ≤150 kg) patients: Starting dose 150 mg with optional titration to 300 and then 600 mg

    Reporting group title
    Enalapril
    Reporting group description
    Patients will receive one of the following doses based on their weight: Low weight (≥20 to <50 kg) patients: Starting dose 2.5 mg with optional titration to 5 and then 10 mg Mid weight (≥50 to <80 kg) patients: Starting dose 5 mg with optional titration to 10 and then 20 mg High weight (≥80 to ≤150 kg) patients: Starting dose 10 mg with optional titration to 20 and then 40 mg

    Serious adverse events
    Aliskiren Enalapril
    Total subjects affected by serious adverse events
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 105 (2.86%)
    12 / 103 (11.65%)
         number of deaths (all causes)
    0
    0
         number of deaths resulting from adverse events
    0
    0
    Investigations
    Weight decreased
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 105 (0.00%)
    1 / 103 (0.97%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Injury, poisoning and procedural complications
    Concussion
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 105 (0.00%)
    1 / 103 (0.97%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Dislocation of vertebra
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 105 (0.00%)
    1 / 103 (0.97%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Head injury
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 105 (0.00%)
    1 / 103 (0.97%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Skull fractured base
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 105 (0.00%)
    1 / 103 (0.97%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Cardiac disorders
    Tachycardia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 105 (0.95%)
    0 / 103 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Nervous system disorders
    Headache
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 105 (0.95%)
    0 / 103 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Paraesthesia
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 105 (0.00%)
    1 / 103 (0.97%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Blood and lymphatic system disorders
    Lymphadenopathy
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 105 (0.00%)
    1 / 103 (0.97%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    General disorders and administration site conditions
    Chest pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 105 (0.95%)
    1 / 103 (0.97%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Device malfunction
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 105 (0.00%)
    1 / 103 (0.97%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Gastrointestinal disorders
    Paraesthesia oral
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 105 (0.00%)
    1 / 103 (0.97%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Psychiatric disorders
    Abnormal behaviour
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 105 (0.00%)
    1 / 103 (0.97%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Psychosomatic disease
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 105 (0.00%)
    1 / 103 (0.97%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Renal and urinary disorders
    Nephrolithiasis
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 105 (0.00%)
    1 / 103 (0.97%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Urethral stenosis
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 105 (0.00%)
    1 / 103 (0.97%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Infections and infestations
    Appendicitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 105 (1.90%)
    1 / 103 (0.97%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Gastroenteritis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 105 (0.95%)
    0 / 103 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Viral infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 105 (0.00%)
    1 / 103 (0.97%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Metabolism and nutrition disorders
    Tetany
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 105 (0.00%)
    1 / 103 (0.97%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Frequency threshold for reporting non-serious adverse events: 5%
    Non-serious adverse events
    Aliskiren Enalapril
    Total subjects affected by non serious adverse events
         subjects affected / exposed
    52 / 105 (49.52%)
    51 / 103 (49.51%)
    Nervous system disorders
    Headache
         subjects affected / exposed
    7 / 105 (6.67%)
    15 / 103 (14.56%)
         occurrences all number
    12
    19
    General disorders and administration site conditions
    Pyrexia
         subjects affected / exposed
    6 / 105 (5.71%)
    5 / 103 (4.85%)
         occurrences all number
    8
    5
    Gastrointestinal disorders
    Vomiting
         subjects affected / exposed
    8 / 105 (7.62%)
    5 / 103 (4.85%)
         occurrences all number
    10
    6
    Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
    Cough
         subjects affected / exposed
    8 / 105 (7.62%)
    9 / 103 (8.74%)
         occurrences all number
    10
    11
    Oropharyngeal pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    6 / 105 (5.71%)
    7 / 103 (6.80%)
         occurrences all number
    6
    7
    Infections and infestations
    Bronchitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    5 / 105 (4.76%)
    7 / 103 (6.80%)
         occurrences all number
    6
    8
    Nasopharyngitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    8 / 105 (7.62%)
    6 / 103 (5.83%)
         occurrences all number
    9
    9
    Pharyngitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    7 / 105 (6.67%)
    2 / 103 (1.94%)
         occurrences all number
    7
    2
    Upper respiratory tract infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    15 / 105 (14.29%)
    15 / 103 (14.56%)
         occurrences all number
    21
    23
    Viral infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    10 / 105 (9.52%)
    8 / 103 (7.77%)
         occurrences all number
    17
    9

    More information

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    Substantial protocol amendments (globally)

    Were there any global substantial amendments to the protocol? Yes
    Date
    Amendment
    12 Oct 2010
    Amendment issued seven weeks after study start, introduced the followingchanges.•Added itraconazole as a prohibited concomitant medication. Itraconazole is an anti-fungal agent and a P-glycoprotein inhibitor. When used concomitantly with aliskiren (a Pglycoprotein substrate), itraconazole increased the Cmax and AUC of aliskiren (150 mg) by 5.8 fold and by 6.5 fold, respectively (Tapaninen et al 2011). The clinical relevance of this interaction is such that the level of exposure to aliskiren exceeded the approved upper dose limit. In order to avoid any potential safety concerns associated with increased concentrations of aliskiren, the Rasilez Core Data Sheet was updated to add a contraindication for the concomitant use of aliskiren and itraconazole. Accordingly, the protocol was amended to reflect the change.•Added a standing BP measurement to visits 11, 12, 14 and 15. With this addition, standing BP was taken at every clinic visit, which increased the margin of safety ensuring that the patients were evaluated for orthostatic hypotension at every visit. This was important given the potential for add-on medication (HCTZ and amlodipine) as described in the protocol for the study. •Clarified exclusion of patients taking cyclosporine (already included in disallowed concomitant medication) and those with atrial fibrillation noted at visit 6 (already notedfor visit 1). •Simplified study medication packaging description and clarified the possible number of capsules/tablets per bottle/box. •Clarified discontinuation criteria regarding laboratory values •Clarified that the Week 104 long term follow up details would be provided in a separate protocol. •Required IVRS call to be made at visit 7 for all patients, regardless of whether or not their study medication was up titrated.

    Interruptions (globally)

    Were there any global interruptions to the trial? No

    Limitations and caveats

    Limitations of the trial such as small numbers of subjects analysed or technical problems leading to unreliable data.
    None reported
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