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    Clinical Trial Results:
    Randomised, multicentre, phase II pilot study to assess the safety and efficacy of treatment with mFOLFOX-6 plus cetuximab compared to initial treatment with mFOLFOX-6 plus cetuximab (for 8 cycles) followed by maintenance with cetuximab alone, as first line therapy in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) and wild-type KRAS tumours.

    Summary
    EudraCT number
    2009-017194-38
    Trial protocol
    ES  
    Global end of trial date
    28 May 2015

    Results information
    Results version number
    v1(current)
    This version publication date
    14 Dec 2018
    First version publication date
    14 Dec 2018
    Other versions

    Trial information

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    Trial identification
    Sponsor protocol code
    TTD-09-04
    Additional study identifiers
    ISRCTN number
    -
    US NCT number
    NCT01161316
    WHO universal trial number (UTN)
    -
    Sponsors
    Sponsor organisation name
    Treatment of Digestive Tumours Group (TTD)
    Sponsor organisation address
    C/ Téllez nº30 posterior, planta 1ª, oficina 4-2/4-3, Madrid, Spain, 28007
    Public contact
    Inmaculada Ruiz Mena , Treatment of Digestive Tumours Group (TTD), +34 913788275, ttd@ttdgroup.org
    Scientific contact
    Inmaculada Ruiz Mena , Treatment of Digestive Tumours Group (TTD), +34 913788275, ttd@ttdgroup.org
    Paediatric regulatory details
    Is trial part of an agreed paediatric investigation plan (PIP)
    No
    Does article 45 of REGULATION (EC) No 1901/2006 apply to this trial?
    No
    Does article 46 of REGULATION (EC) No 1901/2006 apply to this trial?
    No
    Results analysis stage
    Analysis stage
    Final
    Date of interim/final analysis
    04 Mar 2016
    Is this the analysis of the primary completion data?
    Yes
    Primary completion date
    28 May 2015
    Global end of trial reached?
    Yes
    Global end of trial date
    28 May 2015
    Was the trial ended prematurely?
    No
    General information about the trial
    Main objective of the trial
    To determine non-inferiority in terms of progression-free survival from treatment with mFOLFOX-6 plus cetuximab until disease progression compared to initial treatment with mFOLFOX-6 plus cetuximab (8 cycles) followed by maintenance with cetuximab alone, as first-line treatment in patients with mCRC and KRAS wild-type tumours.
    Protection of trial subjects
    For low white blood cell count, granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) could be used; however in this trial the routine prophylactic use of G-CSF was not recommended. G-CSF for therapeutic purposes in patients with serious neutropenic complications such as tissue infections, sepsis, fungal infections, etc., could be administered at the discretion of the investigator or if it was the standard protocol in the institution. Regional variations were acceptable practice.
    Background therapy
    Many studies with cetuximab as monotherapy or in combination with chemotherapeutic regimens prove the efficacy and safety of cetuximab in clinical practice, as first line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Accumulated evidences in chemotherapy-based maintenance therapy indicates that cetuximab as single-agent following induction chemotherapy in mCRC indicates that patients achieve a median progression free survival of 8.0 months and overall survival of 23.2 months. These evidences demonstrates that cetuximab may add benefit in the form of longer chemotherapy-free interval. Although, there is still a lack of evidence about the necessity to continuing treatment with chemotherapy to progression or unacceptable toxicity, several published studies explored the option of discontinuing chemotherapy followed by continuous cetuximab administration until disease progression to keep efficacy and reduce toxicity in comparison with the standard arm.
    Evidence for comparator
    The potential of the single-agent maintenance regimen following initial combination chemotherapy has been evaluated for a number of agents. Single-agent maintenance therapy with capecitabine compared with capecitabine plus oxaliplatin or FOLFOX showed a significant prolonged PFS for patients receiving capecitabine compared with those receiving no active maintenance treatment (6.4 vs 3.4 months, respectively). In studies based on cetuximab administered as single-agent following oxaliplatin-based first-line therapy followed by cetuximab in patients with mCRC, showed median PFS and OS of 8.0 and 23.2 months respectively. Considering the mentioned results, this randomized phase II clinical trial was proposed, and based on the studies mentioned above, the control group will be patients treated with mFOLFOX-6 + cetuximab until progression.
    Actual start date of recruitment
    30 Aug 2010
    Long term follow-up planned
    Yes
    Long term follow-up rationale
    Safety, Efficacy
    Long term follow-up duration
    2 Years
    Independent data monitoring committee (IDMC) involvement?
    No
    Population of trial subjects
    Number of subjects enrolled per country
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Spain: 193
    Worldwide total number of subjects
    193
    EEA total number of subjects
    193
    Number of subjects enrolled per age group
    In utero
    0
    Preterm newborn - gestational age < 37 wk
    0
    Newborns (0-27 days)
    0
    Infants and toddlers (28 days-23 months)
    0
    Children (2-11 years)
    0
    Adolescents (12-17 years)
    0
    Adults (18-64 years)
    84
    From 65 to 84 years
    109
    85 years and over
    0

    Subject disposition

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    Recruitment
    Recruitment details
    193 patients were included; ITT (N=193) included 129 in experimental arm (arm A) and 64 in control arm (arm B), safety population included 127 in arm A and 62 in arm B, PP population included 110 in arm A and 54 in arm B. This was a national study with all patients being included at 25 Spanish sites.

    Pre-assignment
    Screening details
    Key inclusion criteria: male or female aged 18-71 years, ECOG ≤ 2, with metastatic colorectal carcinoma (WT KRAS) not prone to surgery, at least one measurable target lesion, life expectancy ≥12 weeks, no previous chemotherapy. Adequate bone marrow reserve and renal/liver functions. 194 patients were enrolled; 1 patient never received treatment.

    Period 1
    Period 1 title
    Baseline (overall period)
    Is this the baseline period?
    Yes
    Allocation method
    Randomised - controlled
    Blinding used
    Not blinded

    Arms
    Are arms mutually exclusive
    Yes

    Arm title
    Arm A: Single-agent Cetuximab
    Arm description
    8 cycles of mFOLFOX-6 + cetuximab, followed by cetuximab (weekly dose of 250 mg/m2 by intravenous infusion over 60 minutes) alone until disease progression or early withdrawal.
    Arm type
    Experimental

    Investigational medicinal product name
    Cetuximab
    Investigational medicinal product code
    Other name
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Infusion
    Routes of administration
    Intravenous use
    Dosage and administration details
    Cetuximab was administered weekly. The first dose was 400 mg/m2 by intravenous infusion over 120 minutes; subsequent weekly doses were 250 mg/m2 by intravenous infusion over 60 minutes

    Arm title
    Arm B: mFOLFOX-6 + Cetuximab
    Arm description
    mFOLFOX-6 + cetuximab until disease progression or early withdrawal. mFOLFOX-6 (biweekly) + cetuximab (weekly): - cetuximab: weekly dose of 250 mg/m2 by intravenous infusion over 60 minutes - oxaliplatin: intravenous infusion over 120 minutes on day 1 - folinic acid: 400 mg/m2 intravenous infusion over 120 minutes on day 1 - 5-fluorouracil: 400 mg/m2 bolus intravenous infusion on day 1 and then immediately start an infusion pump 2400 mg/m2 of 46 hours duration.
    Arm type
    Control

    Investigational medicinal product name
    mFOLFOX-6
    Investigational medicinal product code
    Other name
    oxaliplatin, folinic acid, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Infusion
    Routes of administration
    Intravenous use
    Dosage and administration details
    Oxaliplatin administered at a dose of 85 mg/m2 on day 1, every 14 days by intravenous infusion, over 120 minutes. 5-Fluorouracil was administered at a dose of 400 mg/m2 on day 1, every 14 days as a bolus and immediately after an infusion pump was initiated at 2400 mg/m2 for 46 hours. Folinic acis was administered at a dose of 400 mg/m2 intravenous infusion in 120 minutes on day 1, every 14 days.

    Number of subjects in period 1
    Arm A: Single-agent Cetuximab Arm B: mFOLFOX-6 + Cetuximab
    Started
    129
    64
    Completed
    129
    64

    Baseline characteristics

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    Baseline characteristics reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Arm A: Single-agent Cetuximab
    Reporting group description
    8 cycles of mFOLFOX-6 + cetuximab, followed by cetuximab (weekly dose of 250 mg/m2 by intravenous infusion over 60 minutes) alone until disease progression or early withdrawal.

    Reporting group title
    Arm B: mFOLFOX-6 + Cetuximab
    Reporting group description
    mFOLFOX-6 + cetuximab until disease progression or early withdrawal. mFOLFOX-6 (biweekly) + cetuximab (weekly): - cetuximab: weekly dose of 250 mg/m2 by intravenous infusion over 60 minutes - oxaliplatin: intravenous infusion over 120 minutes on day 1 - folinic acid: 400 mg/m2 intravenous infusion over 120 minutes on day 1 - 5-fluorouracil: 400 mg/m2 bolus intravenous infusion on day 1 and then immediately start an infusion pump 2400 mg/m2 of 46 hours duration.

    Reporting group values
    Arm A: Single-agent Cetuximab Arm B: mFOLFOX-6 + Cetuximab Total
    Number of subjects
    129 64 193
    Age categorical
    Age for ITT population
    Units: Subjects
        In utero
    0
        Preterm newborn infants (gestational age < 37 wks)
    0
        Newborns (0-27 days)
    0
        Infants and toddlers (28 days-23 months)
    0
        Children (2-11 years)
    0
        Adolescents (12-17 years)
    0
        Adults (18-64 years)
    0
        From 65-84 years
    0
        85 years and over
    0
        Adults (18-59 years)
    0
        Adults (60-79 years)
    0
    Age continuous
    Age for ITT population
    Units: years
        median (full range (min-max))
    61 (33 to 74) 60 (34 to 73) -
    Gender categorical
    Age for ITT population
    Units: Subjects
        Female
    47 21 68
        Male
    82 43 125

    End points

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    End points reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Arm A: Single-agent Cetuximab
    Reporting group description
    8 cycles of mFOLFOX-6 + cetuximab, followed by cetuximab (weekly dose of 250 mg/m2 by intravenous infusion over 60 minutes) alone until disease progression or early withdrawal.

    Reporting group title
    Arm B: mFOLFOX-6 + Cetuximab
    Reporting group description
    mFOLFOX-6 + cetuximab until disease progression or early withdrawal. mFOLFOX-6 (biweekly) + cetuximab (weekly): - cetuximab: weekly dose of 250 mg/m2 by intravenous infusion over 60 minutes - oxaliplatin: intravenous infusion over 120 minutes on day 1 - folinic acid: 400 mg/m2 intravenous infusion over 120 minutes on day 1 - 5-fluorouracil: 400 mg/m2 bolus intravenous infusion on day 1 and then immediately start an infusion pump 2400 mg/m2 of 46 hours duration.

    Subject analysis set title
    KRAS wild-type - arm A (PP set)
    Subject analysis set type
    Per protocol
    Subject analysis set description
    Subjects included in experimental arm

    Subject analysis set title
    KRAS wild-type - arm B (PP Set)
    Subject analysis set type
    Per protocol
    Subject analysis set description
    Subject included at control arm

    Subject analysis set title
    RAS wild-type - arm A (PP Set)
    Subject analysis set type
    Per protocol
    Subject analysis set description
    Subject included at experimental arm

    Subject analysis set title
    RAS wild-type - arm B (PP Set)
    Subject analysis set type
    Per protocol
    Subject analysis set description
    Subjects included at control arm

    Subject analysis set title
    KRAS wild-type - arm A (ITT Set)
    Subject analysis set type
    Intention-to-treat
    Subject analysis set description
    Subjects included at experimental arm

    Subject analysis set title
    KRAS wild-type - arm B (ITT Set)
    Subject analysis set type
    Intention-to-treat
    Subject analysis set description
    Subjects included at control arm

    Subject analysis set title
    RAS wild-type - arm A (ITT Set)
    Subject analysis set type
    Intention-to-treat
    Subject analysis set description
    Subjects included at experimental arm

    Subject analysis set title
    RAS wild-type - arm B (ITT set)
    Subject analysis set type
    Intention-to-treat
    Subject analysis set description
    Subjects included at control arm

    Primary: Progression free survival

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    End point title
    Progression free survival
    End point description
    The percentage of patients free of progression and alive was estimated at 9 months and two-sided 95% confidence intervals (CI) of each treatment arm were calculated and 80% CI for non-inferiority. Progression-free survival time was defined as the number of months elapsed between the randomization date and the first evaluation of disease progression or until death of the patient, regardless of cause, irrelevant of the occurrence order. Kaplan-Meier method evaluated the survival distribution. The difference between the survival curves were tested by means of the Log Rank. HR and 95% CI were obtained using univariate Cox proportional hazard methods to estimate the treatment effect between the two treatment groups for progression free survival.
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    From treatment with mFOLFOX-6 plus cetuximab until disease progression.
    End point values
    KRAS wild-type - arm A (PP set) KRAS wild-type - arm B (PP Set) RAS wild-type - arm A (PP Set) RAS wild-type - arm B (PP Set) KRAS wild-type - arm A (ITT Set) KRAS wild-type - arm B (ITT Set) RAS wild-type - arm A (ITT Set) RAS wild-type - arm B (ITT set)
    Number of subjects analysed
    110
    54
    80
    44
    129
    64
    92
    44
    Units: percent
    number (confidence interval 80%)
        PFS (%)
    55 (46 to 65)
    67 (56 to 79)
    60 (49 to 71)
    66 (51 to 81)
    60 (52 to 69)
    72 (61 to 83)
    63 (53 to 73)
    70 (57 to 84)
    Statistical analysis title
    Efficacy analysis (PP Set)
    Comparison groups
    KRAS wild-type - arm A (PP set) v KRAS wild-type - arm B (PP Set)
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    164
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    non-inferiority [1]
    P-value
    = 0.0783
    Method
    Chi-squared
    Parameter type
    Difference in proportions
    Point estimate
    -0.11
    Confidence interval
         level
    80%
         sides
    2-sided
         lower limit
    -0.2
         upper limit
    -0.02
    Notes
    [1] - The significance level was 0.1 for the primary analysis.
    Statistical analysis title
    Efficacy analysis (PP Set)
    Comparison groups
    RAS wild-type - arm A (PP Set) v RAS wild-type - arm B (PP Set)
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    124
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    non-inferiority [2]
    P-value
    = 0.0531
    Method
    Chi-squared
    Parameter type
    Difference in proportions
    Point estimate
    -0.06
    Confidence interval
         level
    80%
         sides
    2-sided
         lower limit
    -0.18
         upper limit
    -0.06
    Notes
    [2] - The significance level was 0.1 for the primary analysis.
    Statistical analysis title
    Efficacy analysis (ITT Set)
    Comparison groups
    KRAS wild-type - arm A (ITT Set) v KRAS wild-type - arm B (ITT Set)
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    193
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    non-inferiority [3]
    P-value
    = 0.0502 [4]
    Method
    Chi-squared
    Parameter type
    Difference in proportions
    Point estimate
    -0.11
    Confidence interval
         level
    80%
         sides
    2-sided
         lower limit
    -0.2
         upper limit
    -0.02
    Notes
    [3] - The significance level was 0.1 for the primary analysis.
    [4] - The significance level was 0.1 for the primary analysis.
    Statistical analysis title
    Efficacy analysis (ITT Set)
    Statistical analysis description
    The significance level was 0.1 for the primary analysis.
    Comparison groups
    RAS wild-type - arm A (ITT Set) v RAS wild-type - arm B (ITT set)
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    136
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    non-inferiority
    P-value
    = 0.0581
    Method
    Chi-squared
    Parameter type
    Difference in proportions
    Point estimate
    -0.07
    Confidence interval
         level
    80%
         sides
    2-sided
         lower limit
    -0.18
         upper limit
    0.04

    Secondary: Overall survival

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    End point title
    Overall survival
    End point description
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Overall survival time was calculated as the length of time in months between the date of randomization and death.
    End point values
    KRAS wild-type - arm A (ITT Set) KRAS wild-type - arm B (ITT Set) RAS wild-type - arm A (ITT Set) RAS wild-type - arm B (ITT set)
    Number of subjects analysed
    129
    64
    92
    44
    Units: Months
    median (confidence interval 95%)
        OS (median)
    23 (19 to 28)
    27 (18 to 36)
    25 (19 to 32)
    28 (18 to 44)
    Statistical analysis title
    Efficacy analysis (ITT Set)
    Comparison groups
    KRAS wild-type - arm A (ITT Set) v KRAS wild-type - arm B (ITT Set)
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    193
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    other
    P-value
    = 0.2649
    Method
    Logrank
    Parameter type
    Hazard ratio (HR)
    Point estimate
    1.24
    Confidence interval
         level
    95%
         sides
    2-sided
         lower limit
    0.85
         upper limit
    1.79
    Statistical analysis title
    Efficacy analysis (ITT Set)
    Comparison groups
    RAS wild-type - arm A (ITT Set) v RAS wild-type - arm B (ITT set)
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    136
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    other
    P-value
    = 0.3478
    Method
    Logrank
    Parameter type
    Hazard ratio (HR)
    Point estimate
    1.24
    Confidence interval
         level
    95%
         sides
    2-sided
         lower limit
    0.79
         upper limit
    1.94

    Secondary: Objective response rate

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    End point title
    Objective response rate
    End point description
    The objective response rate was calculated using the RECIST v 1.1 criteria
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    The objective response rate (ORR) was defined as the incidence of either a radiologically confirmed CR or PR.
    End point values
    KRAS wild-type - arm A (ITT Set) KRAS wild-type - arm B (ITT Set) RAS wild-type - arm A (ITT Set) RAS wild-type - arm B (ITT set)
    Number of subjects analysed
    129
    64
    92
    44
    Units: percent
    number (confidence interval 95%)
        ORR (%)
    48 (39 to 57)
    39 (27 to 52)
    54 (44 to 65)
    48 (33 to 62)
    Statistical analysis title
    Efficacy analysis (ITT Set)
    Comparison groups
    KRAS wild-type - arm B (ITT Set) v KRAS wild-type - arm A (ITT Set)
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    193
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    other
    P-value
    = 0.2368
    Method
    Chi-squared
    Parameter type
    Odds ratio (OR)
    Point estimate
    1.44
    Confidence interval
         level
    95%
         sides
    2-sided
         lower limit
    0.78
         upper limit
    2.66
    Statistical analysis title
    Efficacy analysis (ITT Set)
    Comparison groups
    RAS wild-type - arm A (ITT Set) v RAS wild-type - arm B (ITT set)
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    136
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    other
    P-value
    = 0.4696
    Method
    Chi-squared
    Parameter type
    Odds ratio (OR)
    Point estimate
    1.3
    Confidence interval
         level
    95%
         sides
    2-sided
         lower limit
    0.63
         upper limit
    2.68

    Secondary: Median Progression-free survival

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    End point title
    Median Progression-free survival
    End point description
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    From treatment with mFOLFOX-6 plus cetuximab until disease progression.
    End point values
    KRAS wild-type - arm A (ITT Set) KRAS wild-type - arm B (ITT Set) RAS wild-type - arm A (ITT Set) RAS wild-type - arm B (ITT set)
    Number of subjects analysed
    129
    64
    92
    44
    Units: Months
        median (confidence interval 95%)
    9 (7 to 10)
    10 (7 to 13)
    9 (7 to 10)
    10 (7 to 13)
    Statistical analysis title
    Efficacy analysis (ITT Set)
    Comparison groups
    KRAS wild-type - arm A (ITT Set) v KRAS wild-type - arm B (ITT Set)
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    193
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    other
    P-value
    = 0.3907
    Method
    Logrank
    Parameter type
    Hazard ratio (HR)
    Point estimate
    1.19
    Confidence interval
         level
    95%
         sides
    2-sided
         lower limit
    0.8
         upper limit
    1.79
    Statistical analysis title
    Efficacy analysis (ITT Set)
    Comparison groups
    RAS wild-type - arm A (ITT Set) v RAS wild-type - arm B (ITT set)
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    136
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    other
    P-value
    = 0.625
    Method
    Logrank
    Parameter type
    Hazard ratio (HR)
    Point estimate
    1.13
    Confidence interval
         level
    95%
         sides
    2-sided
         lower limit
    0.7
         upper limit
    1.82

    Adverse events

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    Adverse events information
    Timeframe for reporting adverse events
    The AEs were registered after the onset of the treatment.
    Adverse event reporting additional description
    Record AEs (day 1 of each cycle). Only the frequency of grade 3/5 AEs is presented. In case of a patient has more than one AE with the same SOC, PT and different intensities, only the worst grade of toxicity has been counted (all occurrences).
    Assessment type
    Systematic
    Dictionary used for adverse event reporting
    Dictionary name
    MedDRA
    Dictionary version
    16.0
    Reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Arm-A
    Reporting group description
    Experimental group

    Reporting group title
    Arm-B
    Reporting group description
    Control group

    Serious adverse events
    Arm-A Arm-B
    Total subjects affected by serious adverse events
         subjects affected / exposed
    25 / 127 (19.69%)
    17 / 62 (27.42%)
         number of deaths (all causes)
    92
    40
         number of deaths resulting from adverse events
    9
    3
    Neoplasms benign, malignant and unspecified (incl cysts and polyps)
    Tumour pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 127 (0.00%)
    1 / 62 (1.61%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Injury, poisoning and procedural complications
    Fracture
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 127 (0.79%)
    0 / 62 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Head injury
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 127 (0.79%)
    0 / 62 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Intestinal anastomosis leak
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 127 (0.79%)
    0 / 62 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 1
    0 / 0
    Overdose
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 127 (0.79%)
    0 / 62 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Vascular disorders
    femoral pseudoaneurysm
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 127 (0.79%)
    0 / 62 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    thromboembolic event
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 127 (0.00%)
    1 / 62 (1.61%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Cardiac disorders
    Cardiac and respiratory arrest
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 127 (0.00%)
    1 / 62 (1.61%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 1
    0 / 0
    Myocardial infarction
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 127 (0.79%)
    2 / 62 (3.23%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 1
    1 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 1
    1 / 1
    Nervous system disorders
    stroke
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 127 (0.00%)
    1 / 62 (1.61%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    1 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Blood and lymphatic system disorders
    Febrile neutropenia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 127 (0.79%)
    0 / 62 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    General disorders and administration site conditions
    fever
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 127 (2.36%)
    1 / 62 (1.61%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    2 / 3
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Non-cardiac chest pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 127 (0.79%)
    0 / 62 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Gastrointestinal disorders
    Abdominal pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 127 (0.00%)
    1 / 62 (1.61%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Anal fissure
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 127 (0.79%)
    0 / 62 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    colonic obstruction
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 127 (0.00%)
    1 / 62 (1.61%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Diarrhoea
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 127 (3.15%)
    1 / 62 (1.61%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    4 / 4
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Gastrointestinal perforation
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 127 (0.79%)
    0 / 62 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Intestinal obstruction
         subjects affected / exposed
    5 / 127 (3.94%)
    2 / 62 (3.23%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 5
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    3 / 3
    0 / 0
    Mucositis management
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 127 (0.79%)
    1 / 62 (1.61%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 1
    1 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Vomiting
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 127 (0.00%)
    1 / 62 (1.61%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    1 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
    pulmonary thromboembolic event
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 127 (2.36%)
    2 / 62 (3.23%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    3 / 3
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Renal and urinary disorders
    Prerenal failure
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 127 (0.79%)
    0 / 62 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 1
    0 / 0
    Renal failure
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 127 (0.79%)
    0 / 62 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Infections and infestations
    Encephalitis infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 127 (0.79%)
    0 / 62 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 1
    0 / 0
    Lower respiratory tract infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 127 (0.00%)
    1 / 62 (1.61%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Pneumonia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 127 (0.79%)
    0 / 62 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Sepsis
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 127 (0.00%)
    4 / 62 (6.45%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    4 / 4
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    2 / 2
    Urinary tract infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 127 (0.00%)
    1 / 62 (1.61%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    1 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Metabolism and nutrition disorders
    Neutrophil count decreased
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 127 (1.57%)
    0 / 62 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    2 / 2
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Dehydration
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 127 (0.79%)
    0 / 62 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Hypokalaemia
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 127 (0.00%)
    1 / 62 (1.61%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    1 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Frequency threshold for reporting non-serious adverse events: 5%
    Non-serious adverse events
    Arm-A Arm-B
    Total subjects affected by non serious adverse events
         subjects affected / exposed
    89 / 127 (70.08%)
    42 / 62 (67.74%)
    Investigations
    Neutrophil count decreased
         subjects affected / exposed
    36 / 127 (28.35%)
    16 / 62 (25.81%)
         occurrences all number
    36
    16
    General disorders and administration site conditions
    Asthenia
         subjects affected / exposed
    11 / 127 (8.66%)
    3 / 62 (4.84%)
         occurrences all number
    11
    3
    Gastrointestinal disorders
    Diarrhoea
         subjects affected / exposed
    9 / 127 (7.09%)
    5 / 62 (8.06%)
         occurrences all number
    9
    5
    Mucositis management
         subjects affected / exposed
    9 / 127 (7.09%)
    4 / 62 (6.45%)
         occurrences all number
    9
    4
    Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders
    rash acneiform
         subjects affected / exposed
    19 / 127 (14.96%)
    15 / 62 (24.19%)
         occurrences all number
    19
    15

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    Substantial protocol amendments (globally)

    Were there any global substantial amendments to the protocol? Yes
    Date
    Amendment
    16 Mar 2010
    Due to a request for clarification from the EIC, the PIS, IC and the protocol were modified. Corrections of typographical errors in the protocol were performed. The Version 1.1 of the RECIST criteria in the protocol was updated.
    25 Jun 2010
    Following the protocol evaluation of AEMPS and the proofs received, a series of important modification were performed to the protocol: - Due to occurrence of cardiac toxicity cases in previous clinical trials performed with cetuximab + FOLFOX, an additional program carefully monitoring cardiac function of both arms was suggested. However the applied regimen for the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer is a well-established one where monitoring cardiac function is unnecessary. - As suggested by AEMPS the inclusion criteria were modified with the aim of shortening the maximum age of participation to <71 years of age. - With the aim of clarifying certain points of the protocol, typographical errors were detected and amended. Information in some paragraphs was also updated.
    01 Oct 2010
    The centre Hospital Reina Sofía de Córdoba was incorporated into the study.
    04 Feb 2011
    To change the principal investigator of two of the centres participating in the clinical trial: Hospital de Navarra and Hospital General de Cataluña as well as the formal notification of the non-participation of the centres: Hospital de Donostia, Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca and Hospital de León.
    30 May 2011
    The addition of an open, biological, multicentre prospective substudy, which was undertaken simultaneously with the clinical trial TTD-09-04 entitled “Study of circulating tumour cells in patient´s peripheral blood with metastatic colorectal adenocarcinoma”. This study quantified circulating tumour cells in the patient´s peripheral blood with metastatic colorectal adenocarcinoma at baseline.
    27 Sep 2011
    To change the principal investigator of the centre Hospital Nuestra Señora de Cadelaria participating in this study.
    31 May 2012
    A change in the patient´s informed consent sheet was performed altering safety information relevant for cetuximab.
    28 Jan 2013
    To clarify certain points of the protocol, update the information on some sections and correct any errors that were observed in the previous version of the protocol. A new version of the protocol was generated, v.5.0 dated 28th January 2013.
    03 Sep 2013
    To change the principal investigator of the centre Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre participating in this study.
    21 Mar 2014
    To include in the study protocol the determination of the biomarkers KRAS (exons 3 and 4), NRAS (exons 2, 3 and 4) with the aim of obtaining additional information on the correlation between efficacy variables (progression-free survival, overall survival, objective response rate and resectability of disease) and RAS mutational status. Recent publications have led to a modification of the anti-EGFR drug indications (cetuximab and panitumumab) and the analysis of RAS mutational status, making this analysis compulsory for the administration of any anti-EGFR therapy. It is for this reason that the clinical benefit of the administered treatment was analysed in the context of the MACRO2 trial in accordance to the new biomarker.

    Interruptions (globally)

    Were there any global interruptions to the trial? No

    Limitations and caveats

    Limitations of the trial such as small numbers of subjects analysed or technical problems leading to unreliable data.
    Limited sample size and the relaxed significance level of one-sided alpha of 0.1 for non-inferiority testing.

    Online references

    http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30054049
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