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    Clinical Trial Results:
    A multicenter Phase I/II trial investigating the safety and efficacy (CR rate and OS) of low dose AraC with Clofarabine in patients ≥60 years with AML not eligible for conventional Chemotherapy

    Summary
    EudraCT number
    2009-017347-33
    Trial protocol
    DE  
    Global end of trial date
    13 Dec 2013

    Results information
    Results version number
    v1(current)
    This version publication date
    15 Aug 2020
    First version publication date
    15 Aug 2020
    Other versions
    Summary report(s)
    Final report 2014-02-20

    Trial information

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    Trial identification
    Sponsor protocol code
    Clofarabine
    Additional study identifiers
    ISRCTN number
    -
    US NCT number
    -
    WHO universal trial number (UTN)
    -
    Sponsors
    Sponsor organisation name
    University of Leipzig
    Sponsor organisation address
    Ritterstrasse 26, Leipzig, Germany, D 04109
    Public contact
    University of Leipzig Indep. Department for Haematology, Internistic Oncology and Haemostastogy, University of Leipzig Indep. Department for Haematology, Internistic Oncology and Haemostastogy, +49 341 97-13050, haematologie@medizin.uni-leipzig.de
    Scientific contact
    University of Leipzig Indep. Department for Haematology, Internistic Oncology and Haemostastogy, University of Leipzig Indep. Department for Haematology, Internistic Oncology and Haemostastogy, +49 341 97-13050, haematologie@medizin.uni-leipzig.de
    Paediatric regulatory details
    Is trial part of an agreed paediatric investigation plan (PIP)
    No
    Does article 45 of REGULATION (EC) No 1901/2006 apply to this trial?
    No
    Does article 46 of REGULATION (EC) No 1901/2006 apply to this trial?
    No
    Results analysis stage
    Analysis stage
    Final
    Date of interim/final analysis
    28 Jan 2014
    Is this the analysis of the primary completion data?
    Yes
    Primary completion date
    25 Oct 2013
    Global end of trial reached?
    Yes
    Global end of trial date
    13 Dec 2013
    Was the trial ended prematurely?
    Yes
    General information about the trial
    Main objective of the trial
    Phase I – Dose evaluation To investigate feasibility of induction therapy with low dose Ara-C (20 mg/m2 sc injection d1-d14) and clofarabine at three different dose levels for the first induction cycle (Clofarabine 10, 15 or 20 mg/m2 1h iv infusion d1-d5). Phase II – Safety To assess safety (in terms of AEs/ARs, SAEs/SARs and Adverse reactions CTC grade 4 (AR4)) of induction therapy with low dose AraC in combination with Clofarabine (at the dose level resulting from the dose evaluation phase of the trial).
    Protection of trial subjects
    A DMC was installed. However, the trial ended prematurely before the first meeting of the DMC. Toxicities and adverse events were captured at the end of every treatment period. Patients who experience ≥ grade 3 drug-related non-hematologic toxicity or asymptomatic grade 2 serum creatinine or serum total bilirubin elevation during any clofarabine administration period should have the drug held until recovery to baseline or grade <2 before resuming treatment. If the patient suffers subsequently a grade 3 drug related non-hematologic toxicity, he will be excluded from the study. There will be no dose modifications.
    Background therapy
    Application of filgrastim /pegfilgrastim was documented for 3 patients. Prophylactic steroid administration to minimize the occurrence and/or severity of the following potential clofarabine-related toxicities: nausea, vomiting, skin rash/desquamation, and capillary leak syndrome was suggested.
    Evidence for comparator
    In comparison to the “golden standard” of low dose AraC, Clofarabine monotherapy increases response rates in a historical control analysis (Burnett et al). For patients with secondary AML the response rate was only 4% with low dose AraC compared to 31 % with clofarabine. The combination of clofarabine and low-dose AraC increased the CR rate (63 vs. 31%) and event free survival (7.1 vs. 1.7 months; p=0.04) even more (see Faderl et al. 2008)).
    Actual start date of recruitment
    03 Mar 2011
    Long term follow-up planned
    Yes
    Long term follow-up rationale
    Safety, Efficacy
    Long term follow-up duration
    12 Months
    Independent data monitoring committee (IDMC) involvement?
    Yes
    Population of trial subjects
    Number of subjects enrolled per country
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Germany: 13
    Worldwide total number of subjects
    13
    EEA total number of subjects
    13
    Number of subjects enrolled per age group
    In utero
    0
    Preterm newborn - gestational age < 37 wk
    0
    Newborns (0-27 days)
    0
    Infants and toddlers (28 days-23 months)
    0
    Children (2-11 years)
    0
    Adolescents (12-17 years)
    0
    Adults (18-64 years)
    0
    From 65 to 84 years
    12
    85 years and over
    1

    Subject disposition

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    Recruitment
    Recruitment details
    13 patients were recruited in two trial sites from March 3rd, 2011 to January 17, 2012

    Pre-assignment
    Screening details
    Not available

    Period 1
    Period 1 title
    Phase I: Dose escalation
    Is this the baseline period?
    Yes
    Allocation method
    Not applicable
    Blinding used
    Not blinded

    Arms
    Arm title
    Clofarabine
    Arm description
    Therapy with Clofarabine / AraC following a dose escalation scheme
    Arm type
    Experimental

    Investigational medicinal product name
    Clofarabine
    Investigational medicinal product code
    Other name
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Solution for injection
    Routes of administration
    Intravenous use
    Dosage and administration details
    following the dose-escalation scheme

    Investigational medicinal product name
    Ara-C
    Investigational medicinal product code
    Other name
    Cytarabin, AraC
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Solution for injection
    Routes of administration
    Subcutaneous use
    Dosage and administration details
    20 mg/m² from day 1 to day 14 of the cycle

    Number of subjects in period 1
    Clofarabine
    Started
    13
    Completed
    13
    Period 2
    Period 2 title
    Phase II: 2nd Induction / Consolidation
    Is this the baseline period?
    No
    Allocation method
    Not applicable
    Blinding used
    Not blinded
    Blinding implementation details
    Only one arm

    Arms
    Arm title
    Clofarabine
    Arm description
    Therapy with Clofarabine / AraC following a dose escalation scheme
    Arm type
    Experimental

    Investigational medicinal product name
    Clofarabine
    Investigational medicinal product code
    Other name
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Solution for injection
    Routes of administration
    Intravenous use
    Dosage and administration details
    following the dose-escalation scheme

    Investigational medicinal product name
    Ara-C
    Investigational medicinal product code
    Other name
    Cytarabin, AraC
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Solution for injection
    Routes of administration
    Subcutaneous use
    Dosage and administration details
    20 mg/m² from day 1 to day 14 of the cycle

    Number of subjects in period 2 [1]
    Clofarabine
    Started
    12
    Completed
    12
    Notes
    [1] - The number of subjects starting the period is not consistent with the number completing the preceding period. It is expected the number of subjects starting the subsequent period will be the same as the number completing the preceding period.
    Justification: One patient withdrew consent.

    Baseline characteristics

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    Baseline characteristics reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Clofarabine
    Reporting group description
    Therapy with Clofarabine / AraC following a dose escalation scheme

    Reporting group values
    Clofarabine Total
    Number of subjects
    13 13
    Age categorical
    Units: Subjects
        In utero
    0
        Preterm newborn infants (gestational age < 37 wks)
    0
        Newborns (0-27 days)
    0
        Infants and toddlers (28 days-23 months)
    0
        Children (2-11 years)
    0
        Adolescents (12-17 years)
    0
        Adults (18-64 years)
    0
        From 65-84 years
    0
        85 years and over
    0
    Age continuous
    Age (years)
    Units: years
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    79.6 ± 3.2 -
    Gender categorical
    Units: Subjects
        Female
    6 6
        Male
    7 7
    AML
    AML Type
    Units: Subjects
        Primary AML
    7 7
        Secondary AML
    5 5
        AML after Myelofibrosis
    1 1
    ECOG state
    Units: Subjects
        Grade 0
    2 2
        Grade 1
    6 6
        Grade 2
    2 2
        Grade 3
    1 1
        Not available
    2 2
    BMI
    body mass index
    Units: kg/m²
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    27.1 ± 4.2 -
    Subject analysis sets

    Subject analysis set title
    Safety set
    Subject analysis set type
    Safety analysis
    Subject analysis set description
    Full Analysis Set = Safety Set

    Subject analysis sets values
    Safety set
    Number of subjects
    13
    Age categorical
    Units: Subjects
        In utero
        Preterm newborn infants (gestational age < 37 wks)
        Newborns (0-27 days)
        Infants and toddlers (28 days-23 months)
        Children (2-11 years)
        Adolescents (12-17 years)
        Adults (18-64 years)
        From 65-84 years
        85 years and over
    Age continuous
    Age (years)
    Units: years
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    79.6 ± 3.2
    Gender categorical
    Units: Subjects
        Female
    6
        Male
    7
    AML
    AML Type
    Units: Subjects
        Primary AML
    7
        Secondary AML
    5
        AML after Myelofibrosis
    1
    ECOG state
    Units: Subjects
        Grade 0
    2
        Grade 1
    6
        Grade 2
    2
        Grade 3
    1
        Not available
    2
    BMI
    body mass index
    Units: kg/m²
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    27.1 ± 4.2

    End points

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    End points reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Clofarabine
    Reporting group description
    Therapy with Clofarabine / AraC following a dose escalation scheme
    Reporting group title
    Clofarabine
    Reporting group description
    Therapy with Clofarabine / AraC following a dose escalation scheme

    Subject analysis set title
    Safety set
    Subject analysis set type
    Safety analysis
    Subject analysis set description
    Full Analysis Set = Safety Set

    Primary: SAEs during induction therapy

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    End point title
    SAEs during induction therapy [1]
    End point description
    safety endpoint
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    induction therapy
    Notes
    [1] - No statistical analyses have been specified for this primary end point. It is expected there is at least one statistical analysis for each primary end point.
    Justification: Only one arm in study, thus, no confirmative analysis.
    End point values
    Clofarabine Safety set
    Number of subjects analysed
    13
    13
    Units: events
        SAE
    7
    7
        No SAE
    6
    6
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Primary: Adverse events during induction therapy

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    End point title
    Adverse events during induction therapy [2]
    End point description
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    Induction therapy
    Notes
    [2] - No statistical analyses have been specified for this primary end point. It is expected there is at least one statistical analysis for each primary end point.
    Justification: Only one arm in study. Thus, no confirmatory analysis was possible.
    End point values
    Clofarabine Safety set
    Number of subjects analysed
    13
    13
    Units: events
        AE present
    13
    13
        No AE
    0
    0
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Induction response

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    End point title
    Induction response
    End point description
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    induction therapy
    End point values
    Clofarabine Safety set
    Number of subjects analysed
    13
    13
    Units: patients
        CR
    1
    1
        CRi
    5
    5
        PR
    0
    0
        SD
    3
    3
        PD
    3
    3
        Death
    1
    1
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Death from every cause

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    End point title
    Death from every cause
    End point description
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    study duration
    End point values
    Clofarabine Safety set
    Number of subjects analysed
    12
    12
    Units: months
        median (confidence interval 95%)
    2.3 (1.0 to 3.6)
    2.3 (1.0 to 3.6)
    Attachments
    Untitled (Filename: Clofarabine_OS.jpg)
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Adverse events

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    Adverse events information
    Timeframe for reporting adverse events
    First induction therapy
    Assessment type
    Non-systematic
    Dictionary used for adverse event reporting
    Dictionary name
    MedDRA
    Dictionary version
    15.0
    Reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Clofarabine
    Reporting group description
    -

    Serious adverse events
    Clofarabine
    Total subjects affected by serious adverse events
         subjects affected / exposed
    13 / 13 (100.00%)
         number of deaths (all causes)
    13
         number of deaths resulting from adverse events
    4
    Vascular disorders
    Oedema peripheral
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 13 (7.69%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Cardiac disorders
    Cardiac failure
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 13 (7.69%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Cardiovascular insufficiency
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 13 (7.69%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Nervous system disorders
    Disorientation
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 13 (7.69%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 1
    General disorders and administration site conditions
    Pyrexia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 13 (7.69%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    General physical health deterioration
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 13 (7.69%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Blood and lymphatic system disorders
    Lymph node abscess
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 13 (7.69%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Gastrointestinal disorders
    Enteritis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 13 (7.69%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
    Pneumonia
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 13 (15.38%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 2
    Respiratory failure
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 13 (7.69%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 1
    Renal and urinary disorders
    Nephropathy toxic
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 13 (7.69%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 1
    Infections and infestations
    Sepsis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 13 (7.69%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 1
    Enterococcal sepsis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 13 (7.69%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    Klebsiella sepsis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 13 (7.69%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Metabolism and nutrition disorders
    Metabolic acidosis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 13 (7.69%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    Frequency threshold for reporting non-serious adverse events: 5%
    Non-serious adverse events
    Clofarabine
    Total subjects affected by non serious adverse events
         subjects affected / exposed
    13 / 13 (100.00%)
    Vascular disorders
    Ascites
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 13 (7.69%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Oedema peripheral
         subjects affected / exposed
    6 / 13 (46.15%)
         occurrences all number
    6
    Haemorrhage
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 13 (7.69%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Phlebitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 13 (7.69%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    General disorders and administration site conditions
    Fatigue
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 13 (7.69%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 13 (7.69%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Pyrexia
         subjects affected / exposed
    13 / 13 (100.00%)
         occurrences all number
    13
    Fall
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 13 (7.69%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Immune system disorders
    Mucosal inflammation
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 13 (15.38%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    Hypersensitivity
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 13 (30.77%)
         occurrences all number
    4
    Cystitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 13 (15.38%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
    Cough
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 13 (23.08%)
         occurrences all number
    3
    Dyspnoea
         subjects affected / exposed
    5 / 13 (38.46%)
         occurrences all number
    5
    Epistaxis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 13 (7.69%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Pleural effusion
         subjects affected / exposed
    5 / 13 (38.46%)
         occurrences all number
    5
    Psychiatric disorders
    Depression
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 13 (7.69%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Investigations
    Alanine aminotransferase increased
         subjects affected / exposed
    10 / 13 (76.92%)
         occurrences all number
    10
    Aspartate aminotransferase increased
         subjects affected / exposed
    13 / 13 (100.00%)
         occurrences all number
    13
    Blood alkaline phosphatase increased
         subjects affected / exposed
    10 / 13 (76.92%)
         occurrences all number
    10
    Blood bilirubin increased
         subjects affected / exposed
    13 / 13 (100.00%)
         occurrences all number
    13
    Blood iron
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 13 (7.69%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Weight decreased
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 13 (7.69%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Weight increased
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 13 (23.08%)
         occurrences all number
    3
    Injury, poisoning and procedural complications
    excoriation
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 13 (7.69%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Cardiac disorders
    Arrhythmia
         subjects affected / exposed
    6 / 13 (46.15%)
         occurrences all number
    6
    Nervous system disorders
    Altered state of consciousness
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 13 (30.77%)
         occurrences all number
    4
    Dizziness
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 13 (15.38%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    Headache
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 13 (7.69%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Eye disorders
    Eye haemorrhage
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 13 (7.69%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Eye pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 13 (7.69%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Gastrointestinal disorders
    Abdominal pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 13 (7.69%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Abdominal pain upper
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 13 (15.38%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    Diarrhoea
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 13 (30.77%)
         occurrences all number
    4
    Intestinal obstruction
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 13 (7.69%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Mouth haemorrhage
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 13 (7.69%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Nausea
         subjects affected / exposed
    6 / 13 (46.15%)
         occurrences all number
    6
    Vomiting
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 13 (15.38%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders
    Alopecia
         subjects affected / exposed
    7 / 13 (53.85%)
         occurrences all number
    7
    Blood blister
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 13 (7.69%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Decubitus ulcer
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 13 (7.69%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Dermatitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    6 / 13 (46.15%)
         occurrences all number
    6
    Intertrigo
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 13 (7.69%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Palmar-plantar erythrodysaesthesia syndrome
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 13 (7.69%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Petechiae
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 13 (7.69%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Pruritus
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 13 (15.38%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    Renal and urinary disorders
    Haematuria
         subjects affected / exposed
    7 / 13 (53.85%)
         occurrences all number
    7
    Renal failure
         subjects affected / exposed
    5 / 13 (38.46%)
         occurrences all number
    5
    Urethral haemorrhage
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 13 (7.69%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders
    Arthralgia
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 13 (15.38%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    Musculoskeletal pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 13 (7.69%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Pain in extremity
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 13 (7.69%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Infections and infestations
    Erysipelas
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 13 (7.69%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 13 (15.38%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    Soft tissue infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 13 (7.69%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Urinary tract infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 13 (15.38%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    Metabolism and nutrition disorders
    Hyperproteinaemia
         subjects affected / exposed
    9 / 13 (69.23%)
         occurrences all number
    9

    More information

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    Substantial protocol amendments (globally)

    Were there any global substantial amendments to the protocol? Yes
    Date
    Amendment
    01 Dec 2011
    Changes for patients with renal insufficiency, Permission of concomitant medication with Litalir, Events related to tumour progression are not more documented as SAE.

    Interruptions (globally)

    Were there any global interruptions to the trial? No

    Limitations and caveats

    Limitations of the trial such as small numbers of subjects analysed or technical problems leading to unreliable data.
    The trial was finished prematurely after 13 patients had been enrolled.
    For support, Contact us.
    The status and protocol content of GB trials is no longer updated since 1 January 2021. For the UK, as of 31 January 2021, EU Law applies only to the territory of Northern Ireland (NI) to the extent foreseen in the Protocol on Ireland/NI. Legal notice
    As of 31 January 2023, all EU/EEA initial clinical trial applications must be submitted through CTIS . Updated EudraCT trials information and information on PIP/Art 46 trials conducted exclusively in third countries continues to be submitted through EudraCT and published on this website.

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