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    Clinical Trial Results:
    Avastin and chemotherapy followed by a K-Ras stratified randomization to maintenance treatment for first line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer

    Summary
    EudraCT number
    2010-019815-40
    Trial protocol
    DK  
    Global end of trial date
    01 Oct 2014

    Results information
    Results version number
    v1(current)
    This version publication date
    09 May 2020
    First version publication date
    09 May 2020
    Other versions
    Summary report(s)
    Summary

    Trial information

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    Trial identification
    Sponsor protocol code
    ML25359
    Additional study identifiers
    ISRCTN number
    -
    US NCT number
    NCT01229813
    WHO universal trial number (UTN)
    -
    Sponsors
    Sponsor organisation name
    Lund University Hospital
    Sponsor organisation address
    Getingevägen 4, Lund, Sweden, SE-221 85
    Public contact
    Clinical Trial Unit, Lund University Hospital Department of Oncology, +46 46 17 70 34, jan.sundberg@skane.se
    Scientific contact
    Clinical Trial Unit, Lund University Hospital Department of Oncology, +46 46 17 75 20, anders.johnsson@skane.se
    Paediatric regulatory details
    Is trial part of an agreed paediatric investigation plan (PIP)
    No
    Does article 45 of REGULATION (EC) No 1901/2006 apply to this trial?
    No
    Does article 46 of REGULATION (EC) No 1901/2006 apply to this trial?
    No
    Results analysis stage
    Analysis stage
    Final
    Date of interim/final analysis
    01 Oct 2014
    Is this the analysis of the primary completion data?
    Yes
    Primary completion date
    01 Oct 2014
    Global end of trial reached?
    Yes
    Global end of trial date
    01 Oct 2014
    Was the trial ended prematurely?
    No
    General information about the trial
    Main objective of the trial
    To demonstrate that maintenance treatment with bevacizumab + erlotinib following 1st line chemo- and anti-angiogenic therapy results in a significant increase in progression-free survival (PFS) rate at 3 months among patients without KRAS mutation as compared to maintenance treatment with bevacizumab alone.
    Protection of trial subjects
    Adverse drug reactions, averse events and laboratory tests was graded according to the National Cancer Institute (NCI) Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) version 3.0 Adverse events was monitored continuously during the treatment phase and for 28 days after the last intake/infusion of study drug. Haematology and blood chemistry was performed 7 days before treatment start (Day -7 to 1), prior to each treatment cycle and at the final visit. Proteinuria (dipstick urinalysis) was performed within 48 hours prior to each bevacizumab dose. Blood pressures was assessed on the first day of each treatment cycle. Electrocardiogram (ECG) was performed at baseline and as clinically indicated. The trial was performed according to ICH-GCP guidelines, as well as the Declaration of Helsinki.
    Background therapy
    -
    Evidence for comparator
    -
    Actual start date of recruitment
    01 Oct 2010
    Long term follow-up planned
    No
    Independent data monitoring committee (IDMC) involvement?
    No
    Population of trial subjects
    Number of subjects enrolled per country
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Sweden: 213
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Denmark: 20
    Worldwide total number of subjects
    233
    EEA total number of subjects
    233
    Number of subjects enrolled per age group
    In utero
    0
    Preterm newborn - gestational age < 37 wk
    0
    Newborns (0-27 days)
    0
    Infants and toddlers (28 days-23 months)
    0
    Children (2-11 years)
    0
    Adolescents (12-17 years)
    0
    Adults (18-64 years)
    152
    From 65 to 84 years
    81
    85 years and over
    0

    Subject disposition

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    Recruitment
    Recruitment details
    Numbers of patients included in the trial is 233. These patients received induction treatment with chemotherapy according to investigator's choice for 6 or 9 cycles depending on regimen. Thereafter patients were randomised.

    Pre-assignment
    Screening details
    Study started after completed induction chemotherapy, where patients were randomised to 4 arms of maintenance treatment.

    Pre-assignment period milestones
    Number of subjects started
    138 [1]
    Number of subjects completed
    138 [2]

    Notes
    [1] - The number of subjects reported to have started the pre-assignment period are not the same as the worldwide number enrolled in the trial. It is expected that these numbers will be the same.
    Justification: Not all patients were randomized; 93 patients did not start maintenance treatment due to progressive disease, or surgery with curative intension.
    [2] - The number of subjects reported to be in the pre-assignment period is not consistent with the number starting period 1. It is expected that the number completing the pre-assignment period are also present in the arms in period 1.
    Justification: All patients were not randomised due to progressive disease, or suitable for surgery with curative intent efter induction therapy.
    Period 1
    Period 1 title
    Start of maintenance treatment (overall period)
    Is this the baseline period?
    Yes
    Allocation method
    Randomised - controlled
    Blinding used
    Not blinded

    Arms
    Are arms mutually exclusive
    No

    Arm title
    wt-BE
    Arm description
    Maintenance treatment with bevacizumab intravenously every third week and erlotinib orally every day.
    Arm type
    Active comparator

    Investigational medicinal product name
    bevacizumab
    Investigational medicinal product code
    Other name
    Avastin
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Powder for dispersion for infusion
    Routes of administration
    Intravenous use
    Dosage and administration details
    7.5 mg/kg body weight intravenously every third week.

    Investigational medicinal product name
    erlotinib
    Investigational medicinal product code
    Other name
    Tarceva
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Film-coated tablet
    Routes of administration
    Oral use
    Dosage and administration details
    150 mg once daily.

    Arm title
    wt-B
    Arm description
    Bevacizumab intravenously every third week.
    Arm type
    Active comparator

    Investigational medicinal product name
    erlotinib
    Investigational medicinal product code
    Other name
    Tarceva
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Film-coated tablet
    Routes of administration
    Oral use
    Dosage and administration details
    150 mg once daily.

    Arm title
    mut-B
    Arm description
    Bevacizumab intravenously every third week.
    Arm type
    Active comparator

    Investigational medicinal product name
    bevacizumab
    Investigational medicinal product code
    Other name
    Avastin
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Powder and solvent for solution for injection/infusion
    Routes of administration
    Intravenous use
    Dosage and administration details
    7.5 mg/ kg body weight intravenously every third week.

    Arm title
    mut-C
    Arm description
    Capecitabine orally, 500 mg, twice Daily.
    Arm type
    Active comparator

    Investigational medicinal product name
    capecitabine
    Investigational medicinal product code
    Other name
    Xeloda
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Film-coated tablet
    Routes of administration
    Oral use
    Dosage and administration details
    500 mg orally twice daily.

    Number of subjects in period 1
    wt-BE wt-B mut-B mut-C
    Started
    36
    35
    34
    33
    Completed
    36
    35
    34
    33

    Baseline characteristics

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    Baseline characteristics reporting groups [1]
    Reporting group title
    wt-BE
    Reporting group description
    Maintenance treatment with bevacizumab intravenously every third week and erlotinib orally every day.

    Reporting group title
    wt-B
    Reporting group description
    Bevacizumab intravenously every third week.

    Reporting group title
    mut-B
    Reporting group description
    Bevacizumab intravenously every third week.

    Reporting group title
    mut-C
    Reporting group description
    Capecitabine orally, 500 mg, twice Daily.

    Notes
    [1] - The number of subjects reported to be in the baseline period is not equal to the worldwide number of subjects enrolled in the trial. It is expected that these numbers will be the same.
    Justification: Not all patients were randomized; 93 patients did not start maintenance treatment due to progressive disease, or surgery with curative intension.
    Reporting group values
    wt-BE wt-B mut-B mut-C Total
    Number of subjects
    36 35 34 33 138
    Age categorical
    Units: Subjects
        In utero
    0 0 0 0 0
        Preterm newborn infants (gestational age < 37 wks)
    0 0 0 0 0
        Newborns (0-27 days)
    0 0 0 0 0
        Infants and toddlers (28 days-23 months)
    0 0 0 0 0
        Children (2-11 years)
    0 0 0 0 0
        Adolescents (12-17 years)
    0 0 0 0 0
        Adults (18-64 years)
    20 22 18 20 80
        From 65-84 years
    16 13 16 13 58
        85 years and over
    0 0 0 0 0
        Adults
    0 0 0 0 0
    Age continuous
    Units: years
        median (full range (min-max))
    65 (38 to 74) 61 (32 to 76) 65 (44 to 75) 63 (45 to 79) -
    Gender categorical
    Units: Subjects
        Female
    14 13 13 13 53
        Male
    22 22 21 20 85
    Subject analysis sets

    Subject analysis set title
    Progression free survival
    Subject analysis set type
    Full analysis
    Subject analysis set description
    Patients who started maintenance treatment, with no progressive disease, or were suitable for surgery with curative intention.

    Subject analysis sets values
    Progression free survival
    Number of subjects
    138
    Age categorical
    Units: Subjects
        In utero
    0
        Preterm newborn infants (gestational age < 37 wks)
    0
        Newborns (0-27 days)
    0
        Infants and toddlers (28 days-23 months)
    0
        Children (2-11 years)
    0
        Adolescents (12-17 years)
    0
        Adults (18-64 years)
    80
        From 65-84 years
    58
        85 years and over
    0
        Adults
    0
    Age continuous
    Units: years
        median (full range (min-max))
    64 (32 to 79)
    Gender categorical
    Units: Subjects
        Female
    53
        Male
    85

    End points

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    End points reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    wt-BE
    Reporting group description
    Maintenance treatment with bevacizumab intravenously every third week and erlotinib orally every day.

    Reporting group title
    wt-B
    Reporting group description
    Bevacizumab intravenously every third week.

    Reporting group title
    mut-B
    Reporting group description
    Bevacizumab intravenously every third week.

    Reporting group title
    mut-C
    Reporting group description
    Capecitabine orally, 500 mg, twice Daily.

    Subject analysis set title
    Progression free survival
    Subject analysis set type
    Full analysis
    Subject analysis set description
    Patients who started maintenance treatment, with no progressive disease, or were suitable for surgery with curative intention.

    Primary: Progression Free Survival (PFS) defined as the time from randomisation until date of progression or death from any cause.

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    End point title
    Progression Free Survival (PFS) defined as the time from randomisation until date of progression or death from any cause.
    End point description
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    Was evaluated every nine week during the trial.
    End point values
    wt-BE wt-B mut-B mut-C Progression free survival
    Number of subjects analysed
    36
    35
    34
    33
    138
    Units: Months
        number (not applicable)
    36
    35
    34
    33
    138
    Statistical analysis title
    Log rank test.
    Comparison groups
    wt-BE v wt-B v mut-B v mut-C v Progression free survival
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    276
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    < 0.05
    Method
    Logrank
    Confidence interval

    Adverse events

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    Adverse events information
    Timeframe for reporting adverse events
    From start of treatment, and 28 days after end of treatment.
    Assessment type
    Systematic
    Dictionary used for adverse event reporting
    Dictionary name
    NCI-CTCAE
    Dictionary version
    3.0
    Reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    All patients
    Reporting group description
    Infections and infestations 32 General disorders and administration site disorders 5 Gastrointestinal disorcders 75 Cardiac disorders 4 Investigations 6 Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders 6 Nervous system disorders 1 Vascular disorders 14 Immune system disorders 1 Psychiatric disorders 2 Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders 1 Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders 1

    Serious adverse events
    All patients
    Total subjects affected by serious adverse events
         subjects affected / exposed
    81 / 231 (35.06%)
         number of deaths (all causes)
    8
         number of deaths resulting from adverse events
    0
    Investigations
    Creatinine increased
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 231 (0.87%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Liver disorder
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 231 (1.30%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 3
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Blood glucose increased
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 231 (0.43%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Vascular disorders
    Embolism venous
         subjects affected / exposed
    10 / 231 (4.33%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 10
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
    Embolism arterial
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 231 (0.87%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    Cardiac disorders
    Cardiac disorder
         subjects affected / exposed
    6 / 231 (2.60%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 6
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Nervous system disorders
    Anxiety disorder
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 231 (0.43%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Cerebral infarction
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 231 (0.43%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    General disorders and administration site conditions
    Allergic transfusion reaction
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 231 (1.30%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    3 / 3
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Gastrointestinal disorders
    Abdominal pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 231 (1.73%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 4
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Vomiting
         subjects affected / exposed
    7 / 231 (3.03%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    7 / 7
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Perforation
         subjects affected / exposed
    6 / 231 (2.60%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    6 / 6
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Nausea
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 231 (0.87%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    2 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Ileus
         subjects affected / exposed
    9 / 231 (3.90%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 9
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Constipation
         subjects affected / exposed
    9 / 231 (3.90%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 9
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Gastritis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 231 (0.43%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
    Pulmonary lymphangiectasia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 231 (0.43%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    Infections and infestations
    infection with normal ANC
         subjects affected / exposed
    8 / 231 (3.46%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    5 / 8
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Infection with unknown ANC
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 231 (0.87%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Pneumonia
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 231 (0.87%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Erysipelas
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 231 (0.43%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Frequency threshold for reporting non-serious adverse events: 5%
    Non-serious adverse events
    All patients
    Total subjects affected by non serious adverse events
         subjects affected / exposed
    148 / 231 (64.07%)
    General disorders and administration site conditions
    Chills
         subjects affected / exposed
    13 / 231 (5.63%)
         occurrences all number
    13
    Reproductive system and breast disorders
    Breast pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 231 (0.43%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
    Dysphonia
         subjects affected / exposed
    13 / 231 (5.63%)
         occurrences all number
    13
    Psychiatric disorders
    Anxiety
         subjects affected / exposed
    10 / 231 (4.33%)
         occurrences all number
    10
    Depression
         subjects affected / exposed
    7 / 231 (3.03%)
         occurrences all number
    7
    Confusional state
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 231 (0.87%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    Investigations
    Alanine aminotransferase increased
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 231 (1.73%)
         occurrences all number
    4
    Hypomagnesaemia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 231 (0.43%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Blood potassium decreased
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 231 (0.87%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    Blood sodium decreased
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 231 (0.43%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Blood creatinine increased
         subjects affected / exposed
    8 / 231 (3.46%)
         occurrences all number
    8
    Blood bilirubin increased
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 231 (0.87%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    White blood cell count decreased
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 231 (1.73%)
         occurrences all number
    4
    Blood albumin decreased
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 231 (1.30%)
         occurrences all number
    3
    Blood glucose increased
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 231 (1.30%)
         occurrences all number
    3
    Cardiac murmur
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 231 (0.43%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Cardiac disorders
    Angina pectoris
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 231 (0.43%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Arrhythmia
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 231 (1.30%)
         occurrences all number
    3
    Atrial fibrillation
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 231 (0.87%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    Nervous system disorders
    Aphasia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 231 (0.43%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Balance disorder
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 231 (0.87%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    Convulsion
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 231 (0.43%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Dizziness
         subjects affected / exposed
    16 / 231 (6.93%)
         occurrences all number
    16
    Dysgeusia
         subjects affected / exposed
    54 / 231 (23.38%)
         occurrences all number
    54
    Blood and lymphatic system disorders
    Anaemia
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 231 (0.87%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    Ear and labyrinth disorders
    Deafness
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 231 (0.43%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Gastrointestinal disorders
    Nausea
         subjects affected / exposed
    50 / 231 (21.65%)
         occurrences all number
    173
    Constipation
         subjects affected / exposed
    55 / 231 (23.81%)
         occurrences all number
    55
    Abdominal pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    70 / 231 (30.30%)
         occurrences all number
    70
    Flatulence
         subjects affected / exposed
    6 / 231 (2.60%)
         occurrences all number
    6
    Ileus
         subjects affected / exposed
    12 / 231 (5.19%)
         occurrences all number
    12
    Subileus
         subjects affected / exposed
    9 / 231 (3.90%)
         occurrences all number
    9
    Dysphagia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 231 (0.43%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Anal pruritus
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 231 (0.43%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Haemorrhoids
         subjects affected / exposed
    5 / 231 (2.16%)
         occurrences all number
    5
    Ascites
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 231 (0.43%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Abdominal distension
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 231 (0.87%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    Colonic obstruction
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 231 (0.43%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Hepatobiliary disorders
    Biliary colic
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 231 (0.43%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders
    Skin hyperpigmentation
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 231 (1.73%)
         occurrences all number
    4
    Alopecia
         subjects affected / exposed
    28 / 231 (12.12%)
         occurrences all number
    28
    Acne
         subjects affected / exposed
    5 / 231 (2.16%)
         occurrences all number
    5
    Decubitus ulcer
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 231 (0.43%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders
    Bone pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 231 (0.43%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Infections and infestations
    Infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    27 / 231 (11.69%)
         occurrences all number
    27
    Urinary tract infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    27 / 231 (11.69%)
         occurrences all number
    27
    Periodontitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 231 (0.43%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Otitis media
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 231 (0.43%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Pneumonia
         subjects affected / exposed
    5 / 231 (2.16%)
         occurrences all number
    5
    Clostridial infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 231 (0.43%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Tooth infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 231 (0.43%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Gastroenteritis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 231 (0.43%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Herpes zoster
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 231 (1.30%)
         occurrences all number
    3
    Skin infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 231 (0.87%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    Anal abscess
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 231 (0.43%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Fungal infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 231 (0.87%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    Influenza
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 231 (0.43%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Gingivitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 231 (0.43%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Arthritis bacterial
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 231 (0.43%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Borrelia infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 231 (0.43%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Abdominal infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 231 (0.43%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Device related infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    5 / 231 (2.16%)
         occurrences all number
    5
    Ear infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 231 (0.87%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    Enterocolitis infectious
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 231 (0.43%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Metabolism and nutrition disorders
    Decreased appetite
         subjects affected / exposed
    56 / 231 (24.24%)
         occurrences all number
    56

    More information

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    Substantial protocol amendments (globally)

    Were there any global substantial amendments to the protocol? Yes
    Date
    Amendment
    03 Jan 2012
    Increase of numbers of patients to be included (from 181 to 230). It was assumed that 70 % of the patients would fulfil all criteria for randomization to maintenance treatment. Only 60 % of the population could be randomized to the different arms of maintenance treatment, mostly because of progressive disease during chemotherapy, and surgery with curative intention. To maintain the statistical strength, 49 additional patients needed to be enrolled.

    Interruptions (globally)

    Were there any global interruptions to the trial? No

    Limitations and caveats

    Limitations of the trial such as small numbers of subjects analysed or technical problems leading to unreliable data.
    None reported

    Online references

    http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26483047
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