Flag of the European Union EU Clinical Trials Register Help

Clinical trials

The European Union Clinical Trials Register   allows you to search for protocol and results information on:
  • interventional clinical trials that were approved in the European Union (EU)/European Economic Area (EEA) under the Clinical Trials Directive 2001/20/EC
  • clinical trials conducted outside the EU/EEA that are linked to European paediatric-medicine development

  • EU/EEA interventional clinical trials approved under or transitioned to the Clinical Trial Regulation 536/2014 are publicly accessible through the
    Clinical Trials Information System (CTIS).


    The EU Clinical Trials Register currently displays   43871   clinical trials with a EudraCT protocol, of which   7290   are clinical trials conducted with subjects less than 18 years old.   The register also displays information on   18700   older paediatric trials (in scope of Article 45 of the Paediatric Regulation (EC) No 1901/2006).

    Phase 1 trials conducted solely on adults and that are not part of an agreed paediatric investigation plan (PIP) are not publicly available (see Frequently Asked Questions ).  
     
    Examples: Cancer AND drug name. Pneumonia AND sponsor name.
    How to search [pdf]
    Search Tips: Under advanced search you can use filters for Country, Age Group, Gender, Trial Phase, Trial Status, Date Range, Rare Diseases and Orphan Designation. For these items you should use the filters and not add them to your search terms in the text field.
    Advanced Search: Search tools
     

    < Back to search results

    Download PDF

    Clinical Trial Results:
    A Phase II Trial to Evaluate the Activity of Imetelstat (GRN163L) in Patients with Essential Thrombocythemia or Polycythemia Vera who Require Cytoreduction and Have Failed or Are Intolerant to Previous Therapy, or who Refuse Standard Therapy

    Summary
    EudraCT number
    2010-023076-10
    Trial protocol
    DE  
    Global end of trial date
    06 Jan 2015

    Results information
    Results version number
    v1(current)
    This version publication date
    26 Jun 2016
    First version publication date
    26 Jun 2016
    Other versions

    Trial information

    Close Top of page
    Trial identification
    Sponsor protocol code
    CP14B015
    Additional study identifiers
    ISRCTN number
    -
    US NCT number
    NCT01243073
    WHO universal trial number (UTN)
    -
    Sponsors
    Sponsor organisation name
    Geron Corporation
    Sponsor organisation address
    149 Commonwealth Drive, Menlo Park, United States, 94025
    Public contact
    Anna Krassowska, Geron Corporation, 1 650-473-7700, media@geron.com
    Scientific contact
    Bart Burington, Geron Corporation, 1 650-473-7700, info@geron.com
    Paediatric regulatory details
    Is trial part of an agreed paediatric investigation plan (PIP)
    No
    Does article 45 of REGULATION (EC) No 1901/2006 apply to this trial?
    No
    Does article 46 of REGULATION (EC) No 1901/2006 apply to this trial?
    No
    Results analysis stage
    Analysis stage
    Final
    Date of interim/final analysis
    06 Apr 2015
    Is this the analysis of the primary completion data?
    No
    Global end of trial reached?
    Yes
    Global end of trial date
    06 Jan 2015
    Was the trial ended prematurely?
    No
    General information about the trial
    Main objective of the trial
    For patients with ET: To obtain a preliminary estimate of efficacy of imetelstat, as measured by best hematologic response within the first year of therapy in patients with ET who have failed or are intolerant to at least one prior therapy, or who have refused standard therapy. For patients with PV, to be enrolled exclusively in the U.S. and Switzerland: To obtain a preliminary estimate of efficacy of imetelstat, as measured by maintenance of Hct < 45% in men and < 42% in women (or pre-specified Hct count that is tolerable) without phlebotomy or myelosuppressive therapy beginning within the first year of therapy in patients with PV who have failed or are intolerant to at least one prior therapy, or who have refused standard therapy.
    Protection of trial subjects
    A safety committee internal to Geron will review the safety data after approximately every 3 months or after every 5 patients have received their first imetelstat infusion, whichever is earlier. The committee may adjust the timing of the review from the defined schedule, depending on the rate of enrollment. The tolerability of the 9.4 mg/kg dose will be assessed on an ongoing basis as part of this safety review. After completion of enrollment, the internal safety committee will review the safety data approximately every 3 months until all patients have terminated from the study. The safety review committee will consist of a clinician (Medical Monitor), Drug Safety Scientist, and a biostatistician. The findings of the safety committee will be shared with study Investigators. The Medical Monitor or Drug Safety Scientist may convene a meeting sooner should any concerns arise from review of data or from the Investigators. Additionally, a futility analysis is planned after 10 ET patients have been treated for 4 months, or have discontinued study prior to completing 4 months of treatment. As introduced in amendment 4, the study will include extended hepatic safety follow-up for all patients in the study who have liver biochemistry abnormalities or hepatic adverse events that first appeared during imetelstat treatment, or worsened from baseline during treatment, and were continuing at the time the patient stopped imetelstat treatment. Liver biochemistries (alkaline phosphatase [ALP], aspartate aminotransferase [AST], alanine aminotransferase [ALT], and bilirubin), renal function tests, adverse events, and concomitant medications will be collected approximately once monthly until the liver biochemistry abnormalities and/or hepatic adverse events have resolved to normal or baseline, or in the event resolution does not occur, for up to 6 months after the treatment termination visit of imetelstat.
    Background therapy
    Premedication for Infusions: All patients will require premedication with diphenhydramine (25-50 mg, PO or IV) and dexamethasone (10-20 mg PO or IV) or equivalent before receiving imetelstat.
    Evidence for comparator
    There were no comparator treatments in this study.
    Actual start date of recruitment
    14 Jan 2011
    Long term follow-up planned
    Yes
    Long term follow-up rationale
    Safety
    Long term follow-up duration
    6 Months
    Independent data monitoring committee (IDMC) involvement?
    No
    Population of trial subjects
    Number of subjects enrolled per country
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Germany: 3
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Switzerland: 3
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    United States: 14
    Worldwide total number of subjects
    20
    EEA total number of subjects
    3
    Number of subjects enrolled per age group
    In utero
    0
    Preterm newborn - gestational age < 37 wk
    0
    Newborns (0-27 days)
    0
    Infants and toddlers (28 days-23 months)
    0
    Children (2-11 years)
    0
    Adolescents (12-17 years)
    0
    Adults (18-64 years)
    14
    From 65 to 84 years
    6
    85 years and over
    0

    Subject disposition

    Close Top of page
    Recruitment
    Recruitment details
    Twenty-one patients were enrolled in the United States, Germany and Switzerland, and 20 patients (95.2%) were treated, including 18 with ET and 2 with PV. One enrolled patient was found ineligible during screening and did not receive any treatment.

    Pre-assignment
    Screening details
    Screening criteria included adult males and females with ET or PV, ECOG status of 0–2, INR/PT and aPTT < 1.5 x ULN, serum creatinine <= 2 mg/dL, serum bilirubin < 2, AST (SGOT) and ALT (SGPT) <= 2.5 x ULN, and ALP < 2.5 x ULN. ET patients had platelets > 600k/μL, ANC >= 1500/μL and Hgb >= 10 g/dL and were failed/intolerant to >= 1 prior therapy.

    Period 1
    Period 1 title
    Baseline
    Is this the baseline period?
    Yes
    Allocation method
    Non-randomised - controlled
    Blinding used
    Not blinded

    Arms
    Are arms mutually exclusive
    Yes

    Arm title
    Essential Thrombocythemia (ET)
    Arm description
    Patients with Essential Thrombocythemia (ET)
    Arm type
    Experimental

    Investigational medicinal product name
    Imetelstat sodium
    Investigational medicinal product code
    JNJ-63935937
    Other name
    Imetelstat, GRN163L
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Infusion
    Routes of administration
    Intravenous use
    Dosage and administration details
    Imetelstat 7.5 mg/kg (prior to Amendment 1) or 9.4 mg/kg (subsequent to Amendment 1) was administered as a weekly 2-hour IV infusion (± 10 minutes) in the induction phase, followed by a maintenance phase of intermittent dosing using the same administration rate of 2 hours (± 10 minutes). The baseline weight was used to calculate the dose of imetelstat. The dose was recalculated if there was a ≥ 10% weight change from baseline. Patients had their imetelstat dose and schedule modified based on: 1) attainment of target platelet count (ET) or hematocrit with phlebotomy independence (PV) (hematologic response), 2) hematologic toxicity, and 3) non-hematologic toxicity. Dose escalation up to 11.7 mg/kg was allowed. A cycle was considered to be 28 days for laboratory and correlative PD sample collection purposes. Dosing in the maintenance phase was based on platelet levels and tolerability; therefore, a dose may or may not have been administered in a given cycle.

    Arm title
    Polycythemia Vera (PV)
    Arm description
    Patients with Polycythemia Vera (PV)
    Arm type
    Experimental

    Investigational medicinal product name
    Imetelstat sodium
    Investigational medicinal product code
    JNJ-63935937
    Other name
    Imetelstat, GRN163L
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Infusion
    Routes of administration
    Intravenous use
    Dosage and administration details
    Imetelstat 7.5 mg/kg (prior to Amendment 1) or 9.4 mg/kg (subsequent to Amendment 1) was administered as a weekly 2-hour IV infusion (± 10 minutes) in the induction phase, followed by a maintenance phase of intermittent dosing using the same administration rate of 2 hours (± 10 minutes). The baseline weight was used to calculate the dose of imetelstat. The dose was recalculated if there was a ≥ 10% weight change from baseline. Patients had their imetelstat dose and schedule modified based on: 1) attainment of target platelet count (ET) or hematocrit with phlebotomy independence (PV) (hematologic response), 2) hematologic toxicity, and 3) non-hematologic toxicity. Dose escalation up to 11.7 mg/kg was allowed. A cycle was considered to be 28 days for laboratory and correlative PD sample collection purposes. Dosing in the maintenance phase was based on platelet levels and tolerability; therefore, a dose may or may not have been administered in a given cycle.

    Number of subjects in period 1
    Essential Thrombocythemia (ET) Polycythemia Vera (PV)
    Started
    18
    2
    Completed
    18
    2
    Period 2
    Period 2 title
    Final Analysis
    Is this the baseline period?
    No
    Allocation method
    Non-randomised - controlled
    Blinding used
    Not blinded

    Arms
    Are arms mutually exclusive
    Yes

    Arm title
    Essential Thrombocythemia (ET)
    Arm description
    Patients with Essential Thrombocythemia (ET)
    Arm type
    Experimental

    Investigational medicinal product name
    Imetelstat sodium
    Investigational medicinal product code
    JNJ-63935937
    Other name
    Imetelstat, GRN163L
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Infusion
    Routes of administration
    Intravenous use
    Dosage and administration details
    Imetelstat 7.5 mg/kg (prior to Amendment 1) or 9.4 mg/kg (subsequent to Amendment 1) was administered as a weekly 2-hour IV infusion (± 10 minutes) in the induction phase, followed by a maintenance phase of intermittent dosing using the same administration rate of 2 hours (± 10 minutes). The baseline weight was used to calculate the dose of imetelstat. The dose was recalculated if there was a ≥ 10% weight change from baseline. Patients had their imetelstat dose and schedule modified based on: 1) attainment of target platelet count (ET) or hematocrit with phlebotomy independence (PV) (hematologic response), 2) hematologic toxicity, and 3) non-hematologic toxicity. Dose escalation up to 11.7 mg/kg was allowed. A cycle was considered to be 28 days for laboratory and correlative PD sample collection purposes. Dosing in the maintenance phase was based on platelet levels and tolerability; therefore, a dose may or may not have been administered in a given cycle.

    Arm title
    Polycythemia Vera (PV)
    Arm description
    Patients with Polycythemia Vera (PV)
    Arm type
    Experimental

    Investigational medicinal product name
    Imetelstat sodium
    Investigational medicinal product code
    JNJ-63935937
    Other name
    Imetelstat, GRN163L
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Infusion
    Routes of administration
    Intravenous use
    Dosage and administration details
    Imetelstat 7.5 mg/kg (prior to Amendment 1) or 9.4 mg/kg (subsequent to Amendment 1) was administered as a weekly 2-hour IV infusion (± 10 minutes) in the induction phase, followed by a maintenance phase of intermittent dosing using the same administration rate of 2 hours (± 10 minutes). The baseline weight was used to calculate the dose of imetelstat. The dose was recalculated if there was a ≥ 10% weight change from baseline. Patients had their imetelstat dose and schedule modified based on: 1) attainment of target platelet count (ET) or hematocrit with phlebotomy independence (PV) (hematologic response), 2) hematologic toxicity, and 3) non-hematologic toxicity. Dose escalation up to 11.7 mg/kg was allowed. A cycle was considered to be 28 days for laboratory and correlative PD sample collection purposes. Dosing in the maintenance phase was based on platelet levels and tolerability; therefore, a dose may or may not have been administered in a given cycle.

    Number of subjects in period 2
    Essential Thrombocythemia (ET) Polycythemia Vera (PV)
    Started
    18
    2
    Completed
    18
    2

    Baseline characteristics

    Close Top of page
    Baseline characteristics reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Essential Thrombocythemia (ET)
    Reporting group description
    Patients with Essential Thrombocythemia (ET)

    Reporting group title
    Polycythemia Vera (PV)
    Reporting group description
    Patients with Polycythemia Vera (PV)

    Reporting group values
    Essential Thrombocythemia (ET) Polycythemia Vera (PV) Total
    Number of subjects
    18 2 20
    Age categorical
    Units: Subjects
        In utero
    0 0 0
        Preterm newborn infants (gestational age < 37 wks)
    0 0 0
        Newborns (0-27 days)
    0 0 0
        Infants and toddlers (28 days-23 months)
    0 0 0
        Children (2-11 years)
    0 0 0
        Adolescents (12-17 years)
    0 0 0
        Adults (18-64 years)
    12 2 14
        From 65-84 years
    6 0 6
        85 years and over
    0 0 0
    Gender categorical
    Units: Subjects
        Female
    10 1 11
        Male
    8 1 9
    History of thrombosis
    History of thrombosis
    Units: Subjects
        Yes
    5 1 6
        No
    13 1 14
    Splenomegaly
    Splenomegaly >= 5cm below left costal margin by palpation
    Units: Subjects
        Yes
    1 0 1
        No
    17 2 19
    Bone marrow reticulin fibrosis grade 1+ or 2+
    Bone marrow reticulin fibrosis grade 1+ or 2+
    Units: Subjects
        Yes
    7 2 9
        No
    11 0 11
    Bone marrow megakaryocyte hyperplasia
    Bone marrow megakaryocyte hyperplasia
    Units: Subjects
        Yes
    15 1 16
        No
    3 1 4
    Previous treatment: hydroxyurea
    Previous treatment with hydroxyurea
    Units: Subjects
        Yes
    17 1 18
        No
    1 1 2
    Previous treatment: anagrelide
    Previous treatment with anagrelide
    Units: Subjects
        Yes
    13 0 13
        No
    5 2 7
    Previous treatment: interferon
    Previous treatment with interferon
    Units: Subjects
        Yes
    4 2 6
        No
    14 0 14
    Resistant to >= 1 prior therapy
    Resistant to one or more prior therapies for ET or PV
    Units: Subjects
        Yes
    9 0 9
        No
    9 2 11
    Unacceptable side effects from >= 1 prior therapy
    Unacceptable side effects from one or more prior therapies for ET or PV
    Units: Subjects
        Yes
    14 1 15
        No
    4 1 5
    Mutation: JAK2 V617F
    Janus kinase 2 mutant allele burden at baseline
    Units: Subjects
        Yes
    9 2 11
        No
    9 0 9
    Mutation: MPL W515L or MPL W515K
    Myeloproliferative leukemia virus oncogene homology (MPL) mutant allele burden detected at baseline
    Units: Subjects
        Yes
    2 0 2
        No
    16 2 18
    Mutation: CALR
    Calreticulin mutant allele burden detected at baseline
    Units: Subjects
        Yes
    5 0 5
        No
    13 2 15
    Years since initial diagnosis
    Years since initial diagnosis
    Units: Years
        median (full range (min-max))
    7.2 (0.3 to 24.9) 12 (11.6 to 12.5) -
    Platelet count
    Platelet count
    Units: per mm3
        median (full range (min-max))
    787.5 (521 to 1359) 216 (152 to 280) -
    Prior therapy: number of prior therapies
    Number of prior therapies for ET or PV
    Units: Integer
        median (full range (min-max))
    2 (1 to 4) 1.5 (1 to 2) -
    Hemoglobin
    Hemoglobin
    Units: g/dL
        median (full range (min-max))
    12.3 (8.7 to 15.1) 13.5 (13.5 to 13.5) -

    End points

    Close Top of page
    End points reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Essential Thrombocythemia (ET)
    Reporting group description
    Patients with Essential Thrombocythemia (ET)

    Reporting group title
    Polycythemia Vera (PV)
    Reporting group description
    Patients with Polycythemia Vera (PV)
    Reporting group title
    Essential Thrombocythemia (ET)
    Reporting group description
    Patients with Essential Thrombocythemia (ET)

    Reporting group title
    Polycythemia Vera (PV)
    Reporting group description
    Patients with Polycythemia Vera (PV)

    Primary: Overall response

    Close Top of page
    End point title
    Overall response [1]
    End point description
    Efficacy will be determined by best overall hematologic response rate beginning within the first year of imetelstat therapy, defined as follows: • ET − CR = Normalization of platelets (≤ 400 x 103/μL), maintained for at least 4 consecutive weeks, in the absence of new thromboembolic events − PR = platelets ≤ 600 x 103/μL OR a 50% reduction in platelet counts (but > 400 x 103/μL), maintained for at least 4 consecutive weeks, in the absence of new thromboembolic events • PV − Hematocrit < 45% in men and < 42% in women (or pre-specified Hct count that is tolerable) with independence from other PV-related therapies including phlebotomy, which is maintained in response to imetelstat therapy for ≥ 4 months, and in the absence of new thromboembolic events.
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    Efficacy will be determined by best overall hematologic response rate beginning within the first year of imetelstat therapy
    Notes
    [1] - No statistical analyses have been specified for this primary end point. It is expected there is at least one statistical analysis for each primary end point.
    Justification: This single-arm study has two cohorts for different diseases, but no comparator arm. Comparative statistical analyses therefore do not apply, while single-arm analyses, such as a confidence interval (CI) for a single-arm response rate, currently result in validation errors. The impact of omitting statistical analyses for this study is minimal, since, for the two cohorts, the End point values page contains complete data on the primary endpoint so that researchers can compute CIs independently.
    End point values
    Essential Thrombocythemia (ET) Polycythemia Vera (PV)
    Number of subjects analysed
    18
    2
    Units: Integer
        Response
    18
    2
        Non-response
    0
    0
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Hematologic complete and partial response

    Close Top of page
    End point title
    Hematologic complete and partial response
    End point description
    Full response category breakout for primary endpoint of hematologic response. Refer to Overall Response for the primary analysis of the primary endpoint. Efficacy will be determined by best overall hematologic response rate beginning within the first year of imetelstat therapy, defined as follows: • ET − CR = Normalization of platelets (≤ 400 x 103/μL), maintained for at least 4 consecutive weeks, in the absence of new thromboembolic events − PR = platelets ≤ 600 x 103/μL OR a 50% reduction in platelet counts (but > 400 x 103/μL), maintained for at least 4 consecutive weeks, in the absence of new thromboembolic events • PV − Hematocrit < 45% in men and < 42% in women (or pre-specified Hct count that is tolerable) with independence from other PV-related therapies including phlebotomy, which is maintained in response to imetelstat therapy for ≥ 4 months, and in the absence of new thromboembolic events.
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Final analysis including all follow-up for ET and PV patients.
    End point values
    Essential Thrombocythemia (ET) Polycythemia Vera (PV)
    Number of subjects analysed
    18
    2
    Units: Integer
        Complete response
    16
    0
        Partial response
    2
    0
        Non-response
    0
    0
        Hematologic response
    0
    2
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Duration of hematologic response

    Close Top of page
    End point title
    Duration of hematologic response
    End point description
    For patients who achieve hematologic responses, duration of hematologic response is defined as the time from the first hematologic assessment to the time of confirmed hematologic disease progression (loss of response for 2 cycles despite maximal dose of 11.7 mg/kg/week), occurrence of thromboembolic events, or death due to any cause, whichever occurs first. Fluctuations between responder and non-responder status (ET and PV) are allowed, provided that the patient continues to respond to ongoing treatment. Patients who are lost to follow-up, discontinue study, or initiate other ET- or PV-directed therapy before documented disease progression will be censored at the last assessment when patients are progression-free. Duration of hematologic response will be estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Approximate 95% confidence intervals for median duration of hematologic response will be computed using the formula proposed by Brookmeyer and Crowley.
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Final analysis including all follow-up for ET patients with hematologic response. Estimates are not available for PV due to the small sample size of 2.
    End point values
    Essential Thrombocythemia (ET)
    Number of subjects analysed
    18
    Units: Months
        number (confidence interval 95%)
    29.5 (10.9 to 99999999)
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Molecular response

    Close Top of page
    End point title
    Molecular response
    End point description
    Molecular response rate is the percentage of patients who achieve a CR or a PR as defined below: Molecular CR Reduction of any specific molecular abnormality to undetectable levels Molecular PR 1) A reduction of ≥ 50% from baseline value in patients with < 50% mutant allele burden at baseline, OR 2) A reduction of ≥ 25% from baseline value in patients with > 50% mutant allele burden at baseline. 1 Applies only to patients with a baseline value of mutant allele burden ≥ 10%. Allele burden is defined as percent mutant allele over total alleles in granulocytes. The molecular response analysis was performed only in patients with JAK2, CALR or MPL mutations at baseline.
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Final analysis with all follow-up on patients with driver mutation allelic burdens at baseline
    End point values
    Essential Thrombocythemia (ET) Polycythemia Vera (PV)
    Number of subjects analysed
    16 [2]
    1 [3]
    Units: Integer
        Response
    10
    0
        Non-response
    6
    1
    Notes
    [2] - 2 patients had no detectable driver mutation allele burden at baseline
    [3] - One PV patient had no detectable JAK2 V617F mutant allele burden at baseline.
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Clinicohematologic response

    Close Top of page
    End point title
    Clinicohematologic response
    End point description
    ET CR 1) Platelet count ≤ 400 x 103/μL, AND 2) No disease related symptoms, AND 3) Normal spleen size1, AND 4) WBC ≤ 10 x 103/μL PR In patients who do not fulfill the criteria for CR, Platelet count ≤ 600 x 103/μL or decrease > 50% from baseline No Response Any response that does not satisfy complete or partial response PV CR 1) Hematocrit < 45% for males or < 42% for females without phlebotomy AND 2) Platelet count ≤ 400 x 103/μL, AND 3) No disease related symptoms, AND 4) Normal spleen size1, AND 5) WBC ≤ 10 x 103/μL PR In patients who do not fulfill the criteria for CR, hematocrit < 45% without phlebotomy OR response in 3 or more of the other criteria No Response Any response that does not satisfy complete or partial response
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Final analysis with all follow-up on ET and PV patients.
    End point values
    Essential Thrombocythemia (ET) Polycythemia Vera (PV)
    Number of subjects analysed
    18
    2
    Units: Integer
        Response
    18
    2
        Non-response
    0
    0
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: BM histologic response

    Close Top of page
    End point title
    BM histologic response
    End point description
    Disappearance of megakaryocyte hyperplasia in bone marrow. The analysis of BM histologic response will include only those patients with an abnormal baseline BM sample and at least one evaluable post-baseline sample.
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Final analysis including all follow-up for ET patients with hematologic response. Estimates are not available for PV due to the small sample size of 2 and insufficient bone marrow samples.
    End point values
    Essential Thrombocythemia (ET)
    Number of subjects analysed
    14 [4]
    Units: Integer
        Response
    2
        Non-response
    12
    Notes
    [4] - Fourteen patients had baseline megakaryocyte hyperplasia and at least one post-baseline assessment
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Adverse events

    Close Top of page
    Adverse events information
    Timeframe for reporting adverse events
    Final analysis including all follow-up for ET and PV patients
    Adverse event reporting additional description
    The safety and tolerability of imetelstat was assessed by the frequency, severity, and nature of adverse events, laboratory abnormalities, and vital signs. All patients who received any amount of imetelstat were included.
    Assessment type
    Systematic
    Dictionary used for adverse event reporting
    Dictionary name
    MedDRA
    Dictionary version
    13.0
    Reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Treated patients
    Reporting group description
    All treated patients

    Serious adverse events
    Treated patients
    Total subjects affected by serious adverse events
         subjects affected / exposed
    11 / 20 (55.00%)
         number of deaths (all causes)
    1
         number of deaths resulting from adverse events
    Injury, poisoning and procedural complications
    Femoral neck fracture
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 20 (5.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Pelvic fracture
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 20 (5.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Rib fracture
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 20 (5.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Cardiac disorders
    Cardiac failure
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 20 (5.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Nervous system disorders
    Headache
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 20 (5.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Hepatic encephalopathy
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 20 (5.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Presyncope
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 20 (5.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Syncope
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 20 (10.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    General disorders and administration site conditions
    Infusion related reaction
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 20 (5.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Gastrointestinal disorders
    Diarrhoea
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 20 (5.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Gastric ulcer
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 20 (5.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Oesophageal varices haemorrhage
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 20 (5.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    Small intestinal obstruction
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 20 (5.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Hepatobiliary disorders
    Hepatic failure
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 20 (5.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders
    Musculoskeletal chest pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 20 (5.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Myalgia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 20 (5.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Osteitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 20 (5.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Infections and infestations
    Cellulitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 20 (5.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Osteomyelitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 20 (5.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Septic shock
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 20 (5.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Skin graft infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 20 (5.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Upper respiratory tract infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 20 (5.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Wound infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 20 (5.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Frequency threshold for reporting non-serious adverse events: 5%
    Non-serious adverse events
    Treated patients
    Total subjects affected by non serious adverse events
         subjects affected / exposed
    20 / 20 (100.00%)
    Neoplasms benign, malignant and unspecified (incl cysts and polyps)
    Squamous cell carcinoma
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 20 (10.00%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    Vascular disorders
    Flushing
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 20 (20.00%)
         occurrences all number
    6
    Hypertension
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 20 (20.00%)
         occurrences all number
    4
    Orthostatic hypotension
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 20 (10.00%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    Phlebitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 20 (15.00%)
         occurrences all number
    11
    General disorders and administration site conditions
    Asthenia
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 20 (10.00%)
         occurrences all number
    3
    Chest pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 20 (10.00%)
         occurrences all number
    3
    Chills
         subjects affected / exposed
    8 / 20 (40.00%)
         occurrences all number
    11
    Diarrhoea
         subjects affected / exposed
    14 / 20 (70.00%)
         occurrences all number
    30
    Fatigue
         subjects affected / exposed
    18 / 20 (90.00%)
         occurrences all number
    45
    Influenza like illness
         subjects affected / exposed
    5 / 20 (25.00%)
         occurrences all number
    7
    Infusion site phlebitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 20 (10.00%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    Malaise
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 20 (10.00%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    Mouth ulceration
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 20 (15.00%)
         occurrences all number
    4
    Non-cardiac chest pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 20 (15.00%)
         occurrences all number
    3
    Oedema
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 20 (15.00%)
         occurrences all number
    3
    Oedema peripheral
         subjects affected / exposed
    9 / 20 (45.00%)
         occurrences all number
    15
    Pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 20 (20.00%)
         occurrences all number
    7
    Pyrexia
         subjects affected / exposed
    10 / 20 (50.00%)
         occurrences all number
    18
    Reproductive system and breast disorders
    Pelvic pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 20 (10.00%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    Vaginal haemorrhage
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 20 (10.00%)
         occurrences all number
    3
    Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
    Cough
         subjects affected / exposed
    9 / 20 (45.00%)
         occurrences all number
    11
    Dyspnoea
         subjects affected / exposed
    5 / 20 (25.00%)
         occurrences all number
    8
    Dyspnoea exertional
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 20 (15.00%)
         occurrences all number
    10
    Epistaxis
         subjects affected / exposed
    11 / 20 (55.00%)
         occurrences all number
    24
    Nasal congestion
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 20 (15.00%)
         occurrences all number
    3
    Oropharyngeal pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 20 (15.00%)
         occurrences all number
    3
    Rhinitis allergic
         subjects affected / exposed
    5 / 20 (25.00%)
         occurrences all number
    5
    Psychiatric disorders
    Anxiety
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 20 (15.00%)
         occurrences all number
    3
    Confusional state
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 20 (10.00%)
         occurrences all number
    3
    Depression
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 20 (20.00%)
         occurrences all number
    4
    Insomnia
         subjects affected / exposed
    8 / 20 (40.00%)
         occurrences all number
    8
    Investigations
    Alanine aminotransferase increased
         subjects affected / exposed
    10 / 20 (50.00%)
         occurrences all number
    26
    Aspartate aminotransferase increased
         subjects affected / exposed
    10 / 20 (50.00%)
         occurrences all number
    26
    Blood alkaline phosphatase increased
         subjects affected / exposed
    5 / 20 (25.00%)
         occurrences all number
    16
    Blood bilirubin increased
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 20 (10.00%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    Blood creatinine increased
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 20 (15.00%)
         occurrences all number
    4
    Lipase increased
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 20 (10.00%)
         occurrences all number
    5
    Neutrophil count decreased
         subjects affected / exposed
    7 / 20 (35.00%)
         occurrences all number
    32
    Platelet count decreased
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 20 (20.00%)
         occurrences all number
    6
    Weight decreased
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 20 (10.00%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    White blood cell count decreased
         subjects affected / exposed
    6 / 20 (30.00%)
         occurrences all number
    24
    Injury, poisoning and procedural complications
    Contusion
         subjects affected / exposed
    7 / 20 (35.00%)
         occurrences all number
    7
    Fall
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 20 (10.00%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    Procedural pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 20 (15.00%)
         occurrences all number
    4
    Traumatic haemorrhage
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 20 (10.00%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    Nervous system disorders
    Amnesia
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 20 (15.00%)
         occurrences all number
    3
    Balance disorder
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 20 (10.00%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    Dizziness
         subjects affected / exposed
    13 / 20 (65.00%)
         occurrences all number
    19
    Dysgeusia
         subjects affected / exposed
    7 / 20 (35.00%)
         occurrences all number
    13
    Headache
         subjects affected / exposed
    10 / 20 (50.00%)
         occurrences all number
    36
    Hypoaesthesia
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 20 (15.00%)
         occurrences all number
    4
    Memory impairment
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 20 (10.00%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    Migraine
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 20 (10.00%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    Neuropathy peripheral
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 20 (15.00%)
         occurrences all number
    3
    Paraesthesia
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 20 (10.00%)
         occurrences all number
    4
    Peripheral sensory neuropathy
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 20 (10.00%)
         occurrences all number
    3
    Presyncope
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 20 (10.00%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    Sciatica
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 20 (15.00%)
         occurrences all number
    3
    Syncope
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 20 (10.00%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    Tremor
         subjects affected / exposed
    5 / 20 (25.00%)
         occurrences all number
    8
    Blood and lymphatic system disorders
    Anaemia
         subjects affected / exposed
    9 / 20 (45.00%)
         occurrences all number
    22
    Neutropenia
         subjects affected / exposed
    6 / 20 (30.00%)
         occurrences all number
    12
    Thrombocytopenia
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 20 (15.00%)
         occurrences all number
    4
    Ear and labyrinth disorders
    Deafness
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 20 (10.00%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    Vertigo
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 20 (10.00%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    Eye disorders
    Cataract
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 20 (10.00%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    Vision blurred
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 20 (20.00%)
         occurrences all number
    29
    Gastrointestinal disorders
    Abdominal discomfort
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 20 (10.00%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    Abdominal distension
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 20 (15.00%)
         occurrences all number
    6
    Abdominal pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 20 (20.00%)
         occurrences all number
    4
    Abdominal pain upper
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 20 (20.00%)
         occurrences all number
    5
    Constipation
         subjects affected / exposed
    9 / 20 (45.00%)
         occurrences all number
    14
    Dry mouth
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 20 (10.00%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    Dyspepsia
         subjects affected / exposed
    5 / 20 (25.00%)
         occurrences all number
    6
    Flatulence
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 20 (15.00%)
         occurrences all number
    4
    Gastrooesophageal reflux disease
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 20 (20.00%)
         occurrences all number
    4
    Gingival bleeding
         subjects affected / exposed
    5 / 20 (25.00%)
         occurrences all number
    5
    Nausea
         subjects affected / exposed
    15 / 20 (75.00%)
         occurrences all number
    33
    Pancreatitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 20 (10.00%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    Rectal haemorrhage
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 20 (10.00%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    Stomatitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    5 / 20 (25.00%)
         occurrences all number
    5
    Toothache
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 20 (10.00%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    Vomiting
         subjects affected / exposed
    7 / 20 (35.00%)
         occurrences all number
    7
    Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders
    Dry skin
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 20 (20.00%)
         occurrences all number
    4
    Eczema
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 20 (10.00%)
         occurrences all number
    3
    Night sweats
         subjects affected / exposed
    5 / 20 (25.00%)
         occurrences all number
    6
    Pruritus
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 20 (10.00%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    Rash
         subjects affected / exposed
    6 / 20 (30.00%)
         occurrences all number
    11
    Rash maculo-papular
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 20 (10.00%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    Scab
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 20 (10.00%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    Skin hyperpigmentation
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 20 (15.00%)
         occurrences all number
    3
    Skin lesion
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 20 (10.00%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    Urticaria
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 20 (10.00%)
         occurrences all number
    3
    Renal and urinary disorders
    Cystitis noninfective
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 20 (15.00%)
         occurrences all number
    3
    Micturition urgency
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 20 (10.00%)
         occurrences all number
    3
    Endocrine disorders
    Hypogonadism
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 20 (10.00%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders
    Arthralgia
         subjects affected / exposed
    9 / 20 (45.00%)
         occurrences all number
    14
    Back pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    6 / 20 (30.00%)
         occurrences all number
    12
    Bone pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 20 (15.00%)
         occurrences all number
    4
    Flank pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 20 (20.00%)
         occurrences all number
    4
    Muscle spasms
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 20 (15.00%)
         occurrences all number
    4
    Muscular weakness
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 20 (10.00%)
         occurrences all number
    3
    Musculoskeletal pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 20 (15.00%)
         occurrences all number
    3
    Myalgia
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 20 (20.00%)
         occurrences all number
    5
    Pain in extremity
         subjects affected / exposed
    7 / 20 (35.00%)
         occurrences all number
    10
    Synovial cyst
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 20 (10.00%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    Infections and infestations
    Influenza
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 20 (20.00%)
         occurrences all number
    9
    Nasopharyngitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 20 (20.00%)
         occurrences all number
    8
    Rash pustular
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 20 (15.00%)
         occurrences all number
    3
    Sinusitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 20 (10.00%)
         occurrences all number
    3
    Upper respiratory tract infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    7 / 20 (35.00%)
         occurrences all number
    10
    Urinary tract infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 20 (20.00%)
         occurrences all number
    4
    Metabolism and nutrition disorders
    Decreased appetite
         subjects affected / exposed
    9 / 20 (45.00%)
         occurrences all number
    11
    Hyperglycaemia
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 20 (10.00%)
         occurrences all number
    4
    Hyperuricaemia
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 20 (10.00%)
         occurrences all number
    3
    Hypoalbuminaemia
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 20 (10.00%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    Hypokalaemia
         subjects affected / exposed
    6 / 20 (30.00%)
         occurrences all number
    15
    Iron deficiency
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 20 (10.00%)
         occurrences all number
    2

    More information

    Close Top of page

    Substantial protocol amendments (globally)

    Were there any global substantial amendments to the protocol? Yes
    Date
    Amendment
    08 Sep 2011
    1. The requirement for a 4-week washout period from the last dose of the patient’s current therapy until start of imetelstat administration has been removed. 2. An induction phase and a maintenance phase of imetelstat treatment has been defined. The goal of weekly induction treatment is to obtain rapid disease control to reduce the likelihood of clinical sequelae from a prolonged thrombocythemic state. Following this, a maintenance phase will be initiated that may allow less intensive dosing while maintaining the hematologic response (i.e. dosing at approximately every 4 weeks, titrated to platelet levels). 3. A change has been made to the timing of safety reviews by the internal safety committee. In the original protocol, reviews occurred after every 10 patients. Review of safety data will now occur every 3 months or after every 5 patients have been treated, whichever is earlier.       
    30 Mar 2012
    1. The study population has been expanded to include patients with polycythemia vera (PV). PV patients are to be enrolled exclusively in the U.S. and Switzerland. 2. As the half-life of red blood cells is significantly longer than that of platelets, it is possible that the effects of inhibition of the neoplastic progenitor cell in the hematocrit (Hct) will not be observed as quickly in patients with PV compared with platelet counts in patients with ET. Thus, additional safety measures have been implemented in this study, including allowing phlebotomy as needed during the induction phase. In the maintenance phase, phlebotomy should only be used if repeat imetelstat dosing (including either increased dosing or frequency) is not sufficient in reducing Hct levels. 3. To obtain additional safety and efficacy data associated with extended treatment of imetelstat, continued administration of imetelstat will now be allowed for up to 2 additional years for those patients who are deriving benefit (defined as partial hematologic response or better and/or improvement of clinical symptoms per investigator assessment) at the end of 1 year of treatment.
    02 Jul 2013
    1. Following the most recent Internal Safety Monitoring Committee review on 31 Jan 2013, an emerging safety signal was identified in this trial. Abnormalities in serum aminotransferases (aspartate aminotransferase [AST], alanine aminotransferase [ALT]), alkaline phosphatase and/or bilirubin were observed in all 16 treated patients. As a result of these observations, the Sponsor communicated these findings to investigators, ethics committees, and regulatory agencies for all imetelstat trials with active patients in March 2013. To further understand and mitigate this potential risk, Geron has conducted an internal investigation of the safety signal by reviewing data from all imetelstat clinical trials across indications, informed and obtained feedback from the FDA, and consulted with external hepatologists. No progressive worsening of hepatic biochemistry elevations or clinical sequelae has been observed at this point. However as precaution, Geron is amending the protocol to add dose modification and trial termination guidance for observed hepatobiliary adverse events and liver investigations. Additional required monitoring of abnormal liver biochemistries and further tests, such as obtaining a viral hepatitis panel, are also included in this amendment. 2. Sponsor has reprioritized the imetelstat development program and will discontinue further exploratory biomarker analysis in this trial. This includes the collection and analysis of colony-forming unit-megakaryocytes (CFU-Mk), colonyforming unit-erythrocytes (CFU-E), telomerase activity, and telomere length. Janus kinase 2 (JAK2)/myeloproliferative leukemia (MPL) mutation and allele burden assessment will continue per protocol. 3. The study has already achieved proof-of-concept for imetelstat in essential thrombocythemia (ET) based on 20 treated patients (18 ET and 2 polycythemia vera [PV]) and will be closed to enrollment as of the end of December 2012.
    24 Mar 2014
    This amendment will provide for continued safety surveillance as part of an extended hepatic safety follow-up period of all patients in the study who have liver biochemistry abnormalities or hepatic adverse events that first appeared during imetelstat treatment, or worsened from baseline during treatment, and were continuing at the time the patient stopped imetelstat treatment. Reversibility of these abnormalities back to normal or baseline levels after stopping imetelstat will be assessed.

    Interruptions (globally)

    Were there any global interruptions to the trial? Yes
    Date
    Interruption
    Restart date
    11 Mar 2014
    On 11 March 2014 the United States (U.S.) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) informed Geron that the Imetelstat Investigational New Drug Application (IND) was being placed on a full clinical hold. Consequently, a communication was issued by Geron on 11 March 2014 to all Geron-sponsored imetelstat clinical trial sites with active patients, including Study CP14B015 sites, to immediately discontinue imetelstat treatment. The FDA cited the following safety issues as the basis for the clinical hold: lack of available evidence of reversibility of hepatotoxicity (i.e., hepatic biochemistry abnormalities or hepatic adverse events), the risk for chronic liver injury, and lack of adequate follow-up in patients who experienced hepatotoxicity. To address the clinical hold, Geron needs to provide clinical follow-up information in patients who experienced liver biochemistry abnormalities until those abnormalities have resolved to normal or baseline levels. Complete Response submitted by Geron on Oct 3 2014 and Full Clinical Hold lifted by FDA on Oct 31 2014.
    31 Oct 2014

    Limitations and caveats

    Limitations of the trial such as small numbers of subjects analysed or technical problems leading to unreliable data.
    Enrollment in the Polycythemia Vera (PV) arm was limited to 2 patients out of the planned 20, since the Sponsor decided to redirect development in myeloid lineage neoplasms toward myelofibrosis, myelodysplastic syndromes and acute myeloid leukemia.

    Online references

    http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26332546
    For support, Contact us.
    The status and protocol content of GB trials is no longer updated since 1 January 2021. For the UK, as of 31 January 2021, EU Law applies only to the territory of Northern Ireland (NI) to the extent foreseen in the Protocol on Ireland/NI. Legal notice
    As of 31 January 2023, all EU/EEA initial clinical trial applications must be submitted through CTIS . Updated EudraCT trials information and information on PIP/Art 46 trials conducted exclusively in third countries continues to be submitted through EudraCT and published on this website.

    European Medicines Agency © 1995-Mon May 06 06:33:22 CEST 2024 | Domenico Scarlattilaan 6, 1083 HS Amsterdam, The Netherlands
    EMA HMA