E.1 Medical condition or disease under investigation |
E.1.1 | Medical condition(s) being investigated |
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E.1.1.1 | Medical condition in easily understood language |
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E.1.1.2 | Therapeutic area | Body processes [G] - Metabolic Phenomena [G03] |
MedDRA Classification |
E.1.2 Medical condition or disease under investigation |
E.1.2 | Version | 16.1 |
E.1.2 | Level | LLT |
E.1.2 | Classification code | 10012594 |
E.1.2 | Term | Diabetes |
E.1.2 | System Organ Class | 10027433 - Metabolism and nutrition disorders |
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E.1.2 Medical condition or disease under investigation |
E.1.2 | Version | 16.1 |
E.1.2 | Level | PT |
E.1.2 | Classification code | 10029883 |
E.1.2 | Term | Obesity |
E.1.2 | System Organ Class | 10027433 - Metabolism and nutrition disorders |
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E.1.3 | Condition being studied is a rare disease | No |
E.2 Objective of the trial |
E.2.1 | Main objective of the trial |
1) What the involvement of endogenous GLP-1 is in food-stimuli related CNS satiety and reward responses and the alterations in obese non-DM and T2DM 2) How long term treatment with the GLP-1 analog liraglutide does affect food-stimuli related CNS satiety and reward responses in T2DM patients (before and after onset of clinically measurable body weight changes)? 3) What are the effects of gastric bypass surgery on food-stimuli related CNS satiety and reward responses in obese individuals 4) What is the involvement of the increased meal-related endogenous GLP-1 levels after gastric bypass surgery in food-stimuli related CNS satiety and reward responses and does pharmacological blocking of endogenous GLP-1 receptor activation, using a GLP-1 antagonist, differentially affects these responses before and after gastric bypass surgery in obese individuals?
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E.2.2 | Secondary objectives of the trial |
- Does treatment in obese T2DM individuals with pharmacological levels of GLP-1 analog changes the feeding behavior measured as quantitative (kg, kcal) and qualitative (nutrient composition;carbohydrates/fat/protein) and the choice in food? - Does treatment in obese T2DM individuals with pharmacological levels of GLP-1analog affect self-reported hunger and satiety, eating behavior and quality of life? - Does treatment in obese T2DM individuals with pharmacological levels of GLP-1 analog affect resting energy expenditure? - Does treatment in obese T2DM individuals with pharmacological levels of GLP-1 analog affect micravascular function? - Does gastric bypass surgery changes the feeding behavior and the choice in food? (similarly measured) - Does gastric bypass surgery affect self-reported hunger and satiety, eating behavior and quality of life? - Does gastric bypass surgery affect resting energy expenditure? |
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E.2.3 | Trial contains a sub-study | No |
E.3 | Principal inclusion criteria |
For the healthy, lean individuals: - Age 18–65 years - Women: post menopausal (excluding possible menstruation cycle effects) - Body-mass index (BMI) of <25 kg/m2, - Stable bodyweight (<5% reported change during the previous 3 months). - Normal fasting and 2h postload glucose as ascertained during a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) - Right handed
For the obese individuals scheduled for gastric bypass surgery: - Age 18–65 years - Women: preferably post menopausal (excluding possible menstruation cycle effects) - Body-mass index (BMI) of >30 kg/m2, - Stable bodyweight (<5% reported change during the previous 1 months). - Normal or impaired fasting and 2h post load glucose as ascertained during a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) (defined normal; fasting < 5.6 mmol/l and after OGTT t=120min. < 7.8 mmol/l, impaired; fasting 5.7-7.1 mmol/l and after OGTT t=120min 7.9-11.0 mmol/l) - Right handed
For the obese individuals with T2DM: - Age 18-65 years - Women: post menopausal (excluding possible menstruation cycle effects) - BMI 25–40 kg/m2 - Stable bodyweight (<5% reported change during the previous 3 months). - Diagnosed with T2DM > 3 months prior to screening - HbA1C 6.5–8.5% - Treatment with metformin at a stable dose for at least 3 months. - Right handed
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E.4 | Principal exclusion criteria |
- GLP-1 based therapies, thiazolidinediones, sulphonylurea or insulin within 3 months before screening - Weight-lowering agents within 3 months before screening. - Congestive heart failure (NYHA II-IV) - Chronic renal failure (glomerular filtration rate < 60 mL/min/1.73m2 per Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD)) - Liver disease - History of gastrointestinal disorders (including gastroparese, pancreatitis and cholelithiasis) - Neurological illness - Malignancy - History of major heart disease - History of major renal disease - Pregnancy or breast feeding - Implantable devices - Substance abuse - Addiction - Contra-indication for MRI, such as claustrophobia or pacemaker - Any psychiatric illness; including eating disorders and depression - Chronic use of centrally acting agents or glucocorticoids within 2 weeks immediately prior to screening. - Use of cytostatic or immune modulatory agents - History of allergy for acetaminophen. - History of allergy for insulin analog - History of allergy for liraglutide or other GLP-1 RA/analog - Participation in other studies - Individuals who have received treatment within the last 30 days with a drug that has not received regulatory approval for any indication at the time of study entry - Individuals who are investigator site personnel, directly affiliated with the study, or are immediate family of investigator site personnel directly affiliated with the study. Immediate family is defined as a spouse, parent, child, or sibling, whether biological or legally adopted. - Individuals who have previously completed or withdrawn from this study or any other study investigating GLP-1 receptor agonist or dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4 within 6 months - Left handed. - Individuals who, in the opinion of the investigator, are unsuitable in any other way to participate in this study. - Individuals who are employed by NovoNordisk & comp. (that is, employees, temporary contract workers, or designees responsible for conducting the study). - Poor commandment of the Dutch language or any (mental) disorder that precludes full understanding the purpose, instruction and hence participation in the study. - Further exclusion criteria will be in compliance with the EMeA SPC of liraglutide.
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E.5 End points |
E.5.1 | Primary end point(s) |
- Increase of understanding of the mechanism underlying the central effects of endogenous GLP-1 in the regulation of feeding behavior and appetite control. - Determine alterations in this regulation that may occur in obese and T2DM individuals. Gain insight into the CNS mechanisms underlying the development of obesity, the difficulties of losing weight in these individuals and the additional impact of T2DM on these CNS mechanisms. - Determine the effects of treatment in obese T2DM individuals with pharmacological levels of GLP-1 on the central regulation centers of feeding behavior and appetite control and meal-related activity in CNS. - increase our understanding in the mechanism underlying the effects of gastric bypass surgery on body weight and feeding behaviour and and the role of increased GLP-1 levels after this surgery. |
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E.5.1.1 | Timepoint(s) of evaluation of this end point |
during and/or after participant enrollment |
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E.5.2 | Secondary end point(s) |
Effects of gastric bypass surgery in obese (normo-glycaemic) individuals and of the GLP-1 analog treatment in obese patients with type 2 diabetes in: - self-reported hunger, satiety, fullness - basal metabolic rate and post-prandial energy expenditure - microvascular function and vasomotion - cardiovascular autonomic nervous balance - concomitant changes in metabolic and humoral markers |
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E.5.2.1 | Timepoint(s) of evaluation of this end point |
during and/or after participant enrollment |
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E.6 and E.7 Scope of the trial |
E.6 | Scope of the trial |
E.6.1 | Diagnosis | No |
E.6.2 | Prophylaxis | No |
E.6.3 | Therapy | No |
E.6.4 | Safety | No |
E.6.5 | Efficacy | No |
E.6.6 | Pharmacokinetic | No |
E.6.7 | Pharmacodynamic | No |
E.6.8 | Bioequivalence | No |
E.6.9 | Dose response | No |
E.6.10 | Pharmacogenetic | No |
E.6.11 | Pharmacogenomic | No |
E.6.12 | Pharmacoeconomic | No |
E.6.13 | Others | Yes |
E.6.13.1 | Other scope of the trial description |
mechanistic, adressing contribuition of action of GLP-1 receptor agonist in brain circuits |
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E.7 | Trial type and phase |
E.7.1 | Human pharmacology (Phase I) | No |
E.7.1.1 | First administration to humans | No |
E.7.1.2 | Bioequivalence study | No |
E.7.1.3 | Other | No |
E.7.1.3.1 | Other trial type description | |
E.7.2 | Therapeutic exploratory (Phase II) | No |
E.7.3 | Therapeutic confirmatory (Phase III) | No |
E.7.4 | Therapeutic use (Phase IV) | Yes |
E.8 Design of the trial |
E.8.1 | Controlled | Yes |
E.8.1.1 | Randomised | Yes |
E.8.1.2 | Open | Yes |
E.8.1.3 | Single blind | No |
E.8.1.4 | Double blind | No |
E.8.1.5 | Parallel group | No |
E.8.1.6 | Cross over | Yes |
E.8.1.7 | Other | No |
E.8.2 | Comparator of controlled trial |
E.8.2.1 | Other medicinal product(s) | Yes |
E.8.2.2 | Placebo | No |
E.8.2.3 | Other | No |
E.8.2.4 | Number of treatment arms in the trial | 2 |
E.8.3 |
The trial involves single site in the Member State concerned
| Yes |
E.8.4 | The trial involves multiple sites in the Member State concerned | No |
E.8.5 | The trial involves multiple Member States | No |
E.8.6 Trial involving sites outside the EEA |
E.8.6.1 | Trial being conducted both within and outside the EEA | No |
E.8.6.2 | Trial being conducted completely outside of the EEA | No |
E.8.7 | Trial has a data monitoring committee | No |
E.8.8 |
Definition of the end of the trial and justification where it is not the last
visit of the last subject undergoing the trial
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last visit of the last subject |
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E.8.9 Initial estimate of the duration of the trial |
E.8.9.1 | In the Member State concerned years | 3 |
E.8.9.1 | In the Member State concerned months | 0 |
E.8.9.1 | In the Member State concerned days | 0 |
E.8.9.2 | In all countries concerned by the trial years | 3 |
E.8.9.2 | In all countries concerned by the trial months | 0 |
E.8.9.2 | In all countries concerned by the trial days | 0 |