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    Clinical Trial Results:
    A multicenter, randomized, controlled study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of short-term plasma exchange followed by long-term plasmaphereses with infusion of human albumin combined with intravenous immunoglobulin in patients with mild-moderate Alzheimer's disease.

    Summary
    EudraCT number
    2011-001598-25
    Trial protocol
    ES  
    Global end of trial date
    06 Mar 2018

    Results information
    Results version number
    v1(current)
    This version publication date
    01 Mar 2020
    First version publication date
    01 Mar 2020
    Other versions

    Trial information

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    Trial identification
    Sponsor protocol code
    IG1002
    Additional study identifiers
    ISRCTN number
    -
    US NCT number
    NCT01561053
    WHO universal trial number (UTN)
    -
    Sponsors
    Sponsor organisation name
    Instituto Grifols, S.A.
    Sponsor organisation address
    Poligono Levante, C/Can Guasc 2, Parets del Valles, Barcelona, Spain, 08150
    Public contact
    AMBAR Clinical Manager, Grifols, +34 935712200, AMBARclinical@grifols.com
    Scientific contact
    AMBAR Clinical Manager, Grifols, +34 935712200, AMBARclinical@grifols.com
    Paediatric regulatory details
    Is trial part of an agreed paediatric investigation plan (PIP)
    No
    Does article 45 of REGULATION (EC) No 1901/2006 apply to this trial?
    No
    Does article 46 of REGULATION (EC) No 1901/2006 apply to this trial?
    No
    Results analysis stage
    Analysis stage
    Final
    Date of interim/final analysis
    31 Jul 2018
    Is this the analysis of the primary completion data?
    Yes
    Primary completion date
    06 Mar 2018
    Global end of trial reached?
    Yes
    Global end of trial date
    06 Mar 2018
    Was the trial ended prematurely?
    No
    General information about the trial
    Main objective of the trial
    To evaluate the changes in the cognitive, functional, behavioral and global domains based on the different applicable psychometric batteries and scales.
    Protection of trial subjects
    This study was conducted in accordance with International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) Good Clinical Practice, and the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki, in addition to following the laws and regulations of the country or countries in which a study is conducted.
    Background therapy
    -
    Evidence for comparator
    -
    Actual start date of recruitment
    19 Apr 2012
    Long term follow-up planned
    No
    Independent data monitoring committee (IDMC) involvement?
    Yes
    Population of trial subjects
    Number of subjects enrolled per country
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    United States: 151
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Spain: 171
    Worldwide total number of subjects
    322
    EEA total number of subjects
    171
    Number of subjects enrolled per age group
    In utero
    0
    Preterm newborn - gestational age < 37 wk
    0
    Newborns (0-27 days)
    0
    Infants and toddlers (28 days-23 months)
    0
    Children (2-11 years)
    0
    Adolescents (12-17 years)
    0
    Adults (18-64 years)
    94
    From 65 to 84 years
    224
    85 years and over
    4

    Subject disposition

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    Recruitment
    Recruitment details
    Subjects were recruited at 41 sites in the US and Spain between 2012 and 2016.

    Pre-assignment
    Screening details
    The total number of screened subjects were 496 (264 in US and 232 in Spain) in this study. Among them, 347 subjects were randomized (162 in US and 185 in Spain), and from this population, 25 subjects were randomized but not treated. As a result, 322 subjects were evaluable subjects.

    Period 1
    Period 1 title
    Overall Study (overall period)
    Is this the baseline period?
    Yes
    Allocation method
    Randomised - controlled
    Blinding used
    Single blind [1]
    Roles blinded
    Subject, Carer, Assessor
    Blinding implementation details
    The control group was subjected to simulated procedures (full plasma exchange and low volume plasma exchange) with no direct connection or fluid interchange during the same time as the treated subjects and followed the same schedule of assessments. The duration of the sham FPE and LVPE procedures was similar to the real procedures. These control subjects also received the same visits and procedures (blood draws and lumbar puncture) as the subjects in the treatment group.

    Arms
    Are arms mutually exclusive
    Yes

    Arm title
    High Albumin + Immunoglobulin
    Arm description
    Therapeutic plasma exchange with albumin 5% (intensive treatment period) + Low volume plasma exchange with high dose of albumin 20% or immunoglobulin 5% (maintenance treatment period)
    Arm type
    Experimental

    Investigational medicinal product name
    Albumin 5%
    Investigational medicinal product code
    Other name
    Albutein 5%, Human Albumin Grifols 5%
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Solution for infusion
    Routes of administration
    Intravenous use
    Dosage and administration details
    Therapeutic plasma exchange with human albumin 5%

    Investigational medicinal product name
    Albumin 20%
    Investigational medicinal product code
    Other name
    Albutein 20%, Human Albumin Grifols 20%
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Solution for infusion
    Routes of administration
    Intravenous use
    Dosage and administration details
    Low volume plasma exchange with human albumin 20%

    Investigational medicinal product name
    Immunoglobulin
    Investigational medicinal product code
    Other name
    Flebogamma 5% DIF
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Solution for infusion
    Routes of administration
    Intravenous use
    Dosage and administration details
    Intravenous human immunoglobulin 5%

    Arm title
    Low Albumin + Immunoglobulin
    Arm description
    Therapeutic plasma exchange with albumin 5% (intensive treatment period) + Low volume plasma exchange with low dose of albumin 20% or immunoglobulin 5% (maintenance treatment period)
    Arm type
    Experimental

    Investigational medicinal product name
    Albumin 5%
    Investigational medicinal product code
    Other name
    Albutein 5%, Human Albumin Grifols 5%
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Solution for infusion
    Routes of administration
    Intravenous use
    Dosage and administration details
    Therapeutic plasma exchange with human albumin 5%

    Investigational medicinal product name
    Albumin 20%
    Investigational medicinal product code
    Other name
    Albutein 20%, Human Albumin Grifols 20%
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Solution for infusion
    Routes of administration
    Intravenous use
    Dosage and administration details
    Low volume plasma exchange with human albumin 20%

    Investigational medicinal product name
    Immunoglobulin
    Investigational medicinal product code
    Other name
    Flebogamma 5% DIF
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Solution for infusion
    Routes of administration
    Intravenous use
    Dosage and administration details
    Intravenous human immunoglobulin 5%

    Arm title
    Low Albumin
    Arm description
    Therapeutic plasma exchange with albumin 5% (intensive treatment period) + Low volume plasma exchange with low dose of albumin 20% (maintenance treatment period)
    Arm type
    Experimental

    Investigational medicinal product name
    Albumin 5%
    Investigational medicinal product code
    Other name
    Albutein 5%, Human Albumin Grifols 5%
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Solution for infusion
    Routes of administration
    Intravenous use
    Dosage and administration details
    Therapeutic plasma exchange with human albumin 5%

    Investigational medicinal product name
    Albumin 20%
    Investigational medicinal product code
    Other name
    Albutein 20%, Human Albumin Grifols 20%
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Solution for infusion
    Routes of administration
    Intravenous use
    Dosage and administration details
    Low volume plasma exchange with human albumin 20%

    Arm title
    Control (Sham) Group
    Arm description
    Simulated plasma exchange procedure. The simulated process did not involve fluid interchange. The control group was subjected to simulated procedures (full plasma exchange and low volume plasma exchange) with no direct connection or fluid interchange .
    Arm type
    No intervention

    Investigational medicinal product name
    No investigational medicinal product assigned in this arm
    Notes
    [1] - The number of roles blinded appears inconsistent with a single blinded trial. It is expected that there will be one role blinded in a single blind trial.
    Justification: In this study, even though Subject, Carer, Assessor were blinded, the investigator team who were involved in the treatment were not blinded.
    Number of subjects in period 1
    High Albumin + Immunoglobulin Low Albumin + Immunoglobulin Low Albumin Control (Sham) Group
    Started
    78
    86
    78
    80
    Completed
    51
    56
    61
    64
    Not completed
    27
    30
    17
    16
         Consent withdrawn by subject
    10
    11
    4
    12
         Adverse event, non-fatal
    9
    15
    6
    1
         Allergic reaction
    1
    -
    -
    -
         Poor venous access
    2
    1
    2
    -
         Investigator decision
    -
    -
    1
    -
         Sponsor decision
    1
    1
    -
    -
         Lost to follow-up
    1
    -
    2
    2
         Health problems
    1
    -
    -
    -
         Protocol deviation
    2
    2
    2
    1

    Baseline characteristics

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    Baseline characteristics reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    High Albumin + Immunoglobulin
    Reporting group description
    Therapeutic plasma exchange with albumin 5% (intensive treatment period) + Low volume plasma exchange with high dose of albumin 20% or immunoglobulin 5% (maintenance treatment period)

    Reporting group title
    Low Albumin + Immunoglobulin
    Reporting group description
    Therapeutic plasma exchange with albumin 5% (intensive treatment period) + Low volume plasma exchange with low dose of albumin 20% or immunoglobulin 5% (maintenance treatment period)

    Reporting group title
    Low Albumin
    Reporting group description
    Therapeutic plasma exchange with albumin 5% (intensive treatment period) + Low volume plasma exchange with low dose of albumin 20% (maintenance treatment period)

    Reporting group title
    Control (Sham) Group
    Reporting group description
    Simulated plasma exchange procedure. The simulated process did not involve fluid interchange. The control group was subjected to simulated procedures (full plasma exchange and low volume plasma exchange) with no direct connection or fluid interchange .

    Reporting group values
    High Albumin + Immunoglobulin Low Albumin + Immunoglobulin Low Albumin Control (Sham) Group Total
    Number of subjects
    78 86 78 80 322
    Age categorical
    Units: Subjects
        Adults (18-64 years)
    22 17 26 29 94
        From 65-84 years
    54 69 51 50 224
        85 years and over
    2 0 1 1 4
    Age continuous
    Units: years
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    69.54 ( 7.895 ) 69.47 ( 6.924 ) 68.47 ( 7.476 ) 68.44 ( 8.378 ) -
    Gender categorical
    Units: Subjects
        Female
    47 48 43 36 174
        Male
    31 38 35 44 148
    Severity of Alzheimer disease at Baseline
    Units: Subjects
        Mild (MMSE 22-26)
    36 49 32 44 161
        Moderate (MMSE 18-21)
    42 37 46 36 161
    APO E4 at Baseline
    Units: Subjects
        APO E4 Carrier at Baseline
    33 40 47 34 154
        APO E4 Non-carrier at Baseline
    41 43 27 43 154
        Missing
    4 3 4 3 14
    Baseline Mini-Mental State Examination total Score
    Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) is a widely used, brief 30-point questionnaire test of cognitive function among the elderly; it includes tests of orientation, registration, attention and calculation, memory (recall, naming and repetition), language (comprehension, reading and writing) and visual-spatial skills. The score ranges from 0 to 30 and is obtained by summing the points corresponding to each answer. Lower score indicates more impaired cognition.
    Units: Units on a scale
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    21.41 ( 2.616 ) 22.09 ( 2.633 ) 21.24 ( 2.408 ) 21.69 ( 2.559 ) -
    Subject analysis sets

    Subject analysis set title
    All Treated Subjects
    Subject analysis set type
    Full analysis
    Subject analysis set description
    All Treated group included all subjects treated in this study, including subjects from the High Albumin + Immunoglobulin group, Low Albumin + Immunoglobulin group, and Low Albumin group.

    Subject analysis sets values
    All Treated Subjects
    Number of subjects
    242
    Age categorical
    Units: Subjects
        Adults (18-64 years)
    65
        From 65-84 years
    174
        85 years and over
    3
    Age continuous
    Units: years
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    69.17 ( 7.410 )
    Gender categorical
    Units: Subjects
        Female
    138
        Male
    104
    Severity of Alzheimer disease at Baseline
    Units: Subjects
        Mild (MMSE 22-26)
    117
        Moderate (MMSE 18-21)
    125
    APO E4 at Baseline
    Units: Subjects
        APO E4 Carrier at Baseline
    120
        APO E4 Non-carrier at Baseline
    111
        Missing
    Baseline Mini-Mental State Examination total Score
    Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) is a widely used, brief 30-point questionnaire test of cognitive function among the elderly; it includes tests of orientation, registration, attention and calculation, memory (recall, naming and repetition), language (comprehension, reading and writing) and visual-spatial skills. The score ranges from 0 to 30 and is obtained by summing the points corresponding to each answer. Lower score indicates more impaired cognition.
    Units: Units on a scale
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    21.60 ( 2.574 )

    End points

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    End points reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    High Albumin + Immunoglobulin
    Reporting group description
    Therapeutic plasma exchange with albumin 5% (intensive treatment period) + Low volume plasma exchange with high dose of albumin 20% or immunoglobulin 5% (maintenance treatment period)

    Reporting group title
    Low Albumin + Immunoglobulin
    Reporting group description
    Therapeutic plasma exchange with albumin 5% (intensive treatment period) + Low volume plasma exchange with low dose of albumin 20% or immunoglobulin 5% (maintenance treatment period)

    Reporting group title
    Low Albumin
    Reporting group description
    Therapeutic plasma exchange with albumin 5% (intensive treatment period) + Low volume plasma exchange with low dose of albumin 20% (maintenance treatment period)

    Reporting group title
    Control (Sham) Group
    Reporting group description
    Simulated plasma exchange procedure. The simulated process did not involve fluid interchange. The control group was subjected to simulated procedures (full plasma exchange and low volume plasma exchange) with no direct connection or fluid interchange .

    Subject analysis set title
    All Treated Subjects
    Subject analysis set type
    Full analysis
    Subject analysis set description
    All Treated group included all subjects treated in this study, including subjects from the High Albumin + Immunoglobulin group, Low Albumin + Immunoglobulin group, and Low Albumin group.

    Primary: Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale - Cognitive Subscale (ADAS-Cog) Total Score (Changes From Baseline to 14 Months)

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    End point title
    Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale - Cognitive Subscale (ADAS-Cog) Total Score (Changes From Baseline to 14 Months)
    End point description
    ADAS-Cog total score as a change from baseline to 14 months The ADAS-Cog Scale is a questionnaire that assesses cognitive performance in 12 different domains. The domains are: word recall, commands, constructional praxis, delayed word-recall task, naming objects/figures, ideational praxis, orientation, word recognition, remembering test instructions, comprehension, word finding difficulty, and spoken language ability. The total score ranges from 0 to 80, where a higher score indicates more cognitive impairment.
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    Baseline and 14 months
    End point values
    High Albumin + Immunoglobulin Low Albumin + Immunoglobulin Low Albumin Control (Sham) Group All Treated Subjects
    Number of subjects analysed
    50
    57
    61
    64
    168
    Units: Units on a scale
        least squares mean (standard error)
    0.8 ( 1.28 )
    0.8 ( 1.09 )
    1.5 ( 1.02 )
    3.2 ( 0.95 )
    1.0 ( 0.64 )
    Statistical analysis title
    All Treated Subjects versus Control (Sham) Group
    Comparison groups
    Control (Sham) Group v All Treated Subjects
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    232
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority [1]
    P-value
    = 0.063
    Method
    Mixed model for repeated measures
    Confidence interval
    Notes
    [1] - Statistical comparison of the combined active treatment groups to the Control (Sham) Group

    Primary: Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study-Activities of Daily Living (ADCS-ADL) Total Score (Changes From Baseline to 14 Months)

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    End point title
    Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study-Activities of Daily Living (ADCS-ADL) Total Score (Changes From Baseline to 14 Months)
    End point description
    ADCS-ADL total score as a change from baseline to 14 months The ADCS-ADL comprises 23 questions covering a wide array of activities of daily living. Many of the activities begin with an assessment of whether that activity is relevant and then, if yes, follow with an assessment of the difficulty. The total score over all activities ranges from 0 to 78, where a higher score indicates more autonomy (better outcome).
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    Baseline and 14 Months
    End point values
    High Albumin + Immunoglobulin Low Albumin + Immunoglobulin Low Albumin Control (Sham) Group All Treated Subjects
    Number of subjects analysed
    51
    57
    61
    64
    169
    Units: Units on a scale
        least squares mean (standard error)
    -3.5 ( 1.80 )
    -2.0 ( 1.03 )
    -3.9 ( 1.24 )
    -6.7 ( 1.50 )
    -3.2 ( 0.78 )
    Statistical analysis title
    All Treated Sujects versus Control (Sham) Group
    Comparison groups
    Control (Sham) Group v All Treated Subjects
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    233
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority [2]
    P-value
    = 0.03
    Method
    Mixed model for repeated measures
    Confidence interval
    Notes
    [2] - Statistical comparison of the combined active treatment groups to the Control (Sham) Group

    Other pre-specified: ADAS-Cog Total Score (Changes From Baseline to 14 Months) in Patients With Baseline MMSE:22-26

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    End point title
    ADAS-Cog Total Score (Changes From Baseline to 14 Months) in Patients With Baseline MMSE:22-26
    End point description
    ADAS-Cog total score as a change from baseline to 14 months in patients with Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE):22-26 The ADAS-Cog Scale is a questionnaire that assesses cognitive performance in 12 different domains. The domains are: word recall, commands, constructional praxis, delayed word-recall task, naming objects/figures, ideational praxis, orientation, word recognition, remembering test instructions, comprehension, word finding difficulty, and spoken language ability. The total score ranges from 0 to 80, where a higher score indicates more cognitive impairment.
    End point type
    Other pre-specified
    End point timeframe
    Baseline and 14 Months
    End point values
    High Albumin + Immunoglobulin Low Albumin + Immunoglobulin Low Albumin Control (Sham) Group All Treated Subjects
    Number of subjects analysed
    23
    37
    25
    38
    85
    Units: Units on a scale
        least squares mean (standard error)
    -0.9 ( 1.51 )
    -0.3 ( 1.04 )
    -0.6 ( 1.12 )
    0.6 ( 1.12 )
    -0.6 ( 0.68 )
    Statistical analysis title
    All Treated Subjects versus Control Group
    Comparison groups
    Control (Sham) Group v All Treated Subjects
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    123
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority [3]
    P-value
    = 0.379
    Method
    Mixed model for repeated measures
    Confidence interval
    Notes
    [3] - Statistical comparison of the combined active treatment groups to the control group

    Other pre-specified: ADCS-ADL Total Score (Changes From Baseline to 14 Months) in Patients With Baseline MMSE:22-26

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    End point title
    ADCS-ADL Total Score (Changes From Baseline to 14 Months) in Patients With Baseline MMSE:22-26
    End point description
    ADCS-ADL total score as a change from baseline to 14 months in patients with baseline Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE):22-26 The ADCS-ADL comprises 23 questions covering a wide array of activities of daily living. Many of the activities begin with an assessment of whether that activity is relevant and then, if yes, follow with an assessment of the difficulty. The total score over all activities ranges from 0 to 78, where a higher score indicates more autonomy (better outcome).
    End point type
    Other pre-specified
    End point timeframe
    Baseline and 14 Months
    End point values
    High Albumin + Immunoglobulin Low Albumin + Immunoglobulin Low Albumin Control (Sham) Group All Treated Subjects
    Number of subjects analysed
    23
    37
    25
    38
    85
    Units: Units on a scale
        least squares mean (standard error)
    -2.4 ( 1.68 )
    0.8 ( 0.98 )
    -0.9 ( 1.43 )
    -1.3 ( 1.29 )
    -0.6 ( 0.75 )
    Statistical analysis title
    All Treated Subjects versus Control (Sham) Group
    Comparison groups
    Control (Sham) Group v All Treated Subjects
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    123
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority [4]
    P-value
    = 0.664
    Method
    Mixed model for repeated measures
    Confidence interval
    Notes
    [4] - Statistical comparison of the combined active treatment groups to the control group

    Other pre-specified: ADAS-Cog Total Score (Changes From Baseline to 14 Months) in Patients With Baseline MMSE:18-21

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    End point title
    ADAS-Cog Total Score (Changes From Baseline to 14 Months) in Patients With Baseline MMSE:18-21
    End point description
    ADAS-Cog score as a change from baseline to 14 months in patients with baseline Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE):18-21 The ADAS-Cog Scale is a questionnaire that assesses cognitive performance in 12 different domains. The domains are: word recall, commands, constructional praxis, delayed word-recall task, naming objects/figures, ideational praxis, orientation, word recognition, remembering test instructions, comprehension, word finding difficulty, and spoken language ability. The total score ranges from 0 to 80, where a higher score indicates more cognitive impairment.
    End point type
    Other pre-specified
    End point timeframe
    Baseline and 14 months
    End point values
    High Albumin + Immunoglobulin Low Albumin + Immunoglobulin Low Albumin Control (Sham) Group All Treated Subjects
    Number of subjects analysed
    27
    20
    36
    26
    83
    Units: Units on a scale
        least squares mean (standard error)
    2.4 ( 1.95 )
    1.9 ( 2.44 )
    3.3 ( 1.49 )
    6.4 ( 1.34 )
    2.6 ( 1.07 )
    Statistical analysis title
    All Treated Subjects versus Control (Sham) Group
    Comparison groups
    Control (Sham) Group v All Treated Subjects
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    109
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority [5]
    P-value
    = 0.054
    Method
    Mixed model for repeated measures
    Confidence interval
    Notes
    [5] - Statistical comparison of the combined active treatment groups to the Control (Sham) Group

    Other pre-specified: ADCS-ADL Total Score (Changes From Baseline to 14 Months) in Patients With Baseline MMSE:18-21

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    End point title
    ADCS-ADL Total Score (Changes From Baseline to 14 Months) in Patients With Baseline MMSE:18-21
    End point description
    ADCS-ADL total score as a change from baseline to 14 months in patients with baseline Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE):18-21 The ADCS-ADL comprises 23 questions covering a wide array of activities of daily living. Many of the activities begin with an assessment of whether that activity is relevant and then, if yes, follow with an assessment of the difficulty. The total score over all activities ranges from 0 to 78, where a higher score indicates more autonomy (better outcome).
    End point type
    Other pre-specified
    End point timeframe
    Baseline and 14 Months
    End point values
    High Albumin + Immunoglobulin Low Albumin + Immunoglobulin Low Albumin Control (Sham) Group All Treated Subjects
    Number of subjects analysed
    28
    20
    36
    26
    84
    Units: Units on a scale
        least squares mean (standard error)
    -4.5 ( 2.97 )
    -5.7 ( 2.11 )
    -6.0 ( 1.75 )
    -14.1 ( 2.67 )
    5.5 ( 1.33 )
    Statistical analysis title
    All Treated Subjects verus Control (Sham) Group
    Comparison groups
    Control (Sham) Group v All Treated Subjects
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    110
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority [6]
    P-value
    = 0.002
    Method
    Mixed model for repeated measures
    Confidence interval
    Notes
    [6] - Statistical comparison of the combined active treatment groups to the Control (Sham) Group

    Adverse events

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    Adverse events information
    Timeframe for reporting adverse events
    14 Months
    Adverse event reporting additional description
    1 randomized subject in the control group was implanted by error with a real central catheter and was then transferred and treated as a high albumin + immunoglobulin subject. Therefore, this subject was considered for the evaluable population as control but moved to high albumin + immunoglobulin group for safety analysis.
    Assessment type
    Systematic
    Dictionary used for adverse event reporting
    Dictionary name
    MedDRA
    Dictionary version
    17.1
    Reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    High Albumin + Immunoglobulin
    Reporting group description
    Therapeutic plasma exchange with albumin 5% (intensive treatment period) + Low volume plasma exchange with high dose of albumin 20% or immunoglobulin 5% (maintenance treatment period)

    Reporting group title
    Low Albumin + Immunoglobulin
    Reporting group description
    Therapeutic plasma exchange with albumin 5% (intensive treatment period) + Low volume plasma exchange with low dose of albumin 20% or immunoglobulin 5% (maintenance treatment period)

    Reporting group title
    Low Albumin
    Reporting group description
    Therapeutic plasma exchange with albumin 5% (intensive treatment period) + Low volume plasma exchange with low dose of albumin 20% (maintenance treatment period)

    Reporting group title
    Control (Sham) Group
    Reporting group description
    Simulated plasma exchange procedure

    Serious adverse events
    High Albumin + Immunoglobulin Low Albumin + Immunoglobulin Low Albumin Control (Sham) Group
    Total subjects affected by serious adverse events
         subjects affected / exposed
    16 / 79 (20.25%)
    19 / 86 (22.09%)
    8 / 78 (10.26%)
    8 / 79 (10.13%)
         number of deaths (all causes)
    0
    2
    0
    0
         number of deaths resulting from adverse events
    0
    2
    0
    0
    Neoplasms benign, malignant and unspecified (incl cysts and polyps)
    Rectal adenocarcinoma
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 79 (0.00%)
    0 / 86 (0.00%)
    0 / 78 (0.00%)
    1 / 79 (1.27%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Vascular disorders
    Jugular vein thrombosis
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 79 (0.00%)
    1 / 86 (1.16%)
    0 / 78 (0.00%)
    0 / 79 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    1 / 1
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Surgical and medical procedures
    Bladder neoplasm surgery
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 79 (0.00%)
    1 / 86 (1.16%)
    0 / 78 (0.00%)
    0 / 79 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Knee operation
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 79 (0.00%)
    0 / 86 (0.00%)
    0 / 78 (0.00%)
    1 / 79 (1.27%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    General disorders and administration site conditions
    Chest pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 79 (2.53%)
    1 / 86 (1.16%)
    0 / 78 (0.00%)
    0 / 79 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Intentional medical device removal by patient
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 79 (0.00%)
    1 / 86 (1.16%)
    0 / 78 (0.00%)
    0 / 79 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Non-cardiac chest pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 79 (0.00%)
    0 / 86 (0.00%)
    0 / 78 (0.00%)
    1 / 79 (1.27%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Pyrexia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 79 (1.27%)
    0 / 86 (0.00%)
    0 / 78 (0.00%)
    0 / 79 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Thrombosis in device
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 79 (0.00%)
    1 / 86 (1.16%)
    0 / 78 (0.00%)
    0 / 79 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Immune system disorders
    Anaphylactic reaction
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 79 (1.27%)
    0 / 86 (0.00%)
    0 / 78 (0.00%)
    0 / 79 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 1
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
    Apnoea
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 79 (0.00%)
    0 / 86 (0.00%)
    1 / 78 (1.28%)
    0 / 79 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Dyspnoea
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 79 (0.00%)
    1 / 86 (1.16%)
    0 / 78 (0.00%)
    0 / 79 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Rhinitis allergic
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 79 (0.00%)
    0 / 86 (0.00%)
    0 / 78 (0.00%)
    1 / 79 (1.27%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Psychiatric disorders
    Completed suicide
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 79 (0.00%)
    1 / 86 (1.16%)
    0 / 78 (0.00%)
    0 / 79 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Self-injurious ideation
    Additional description: Self-injurious behaviour
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 79 (0.00%)
    0 / 86 (0.00%)
    1 / 78 (1.28%)
    0 / 79 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    1 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Injury, poisoning and procedural complications
    Anaesthetic complication cardiac
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 79 (0.00%)
    0 / 86 (0.00%)
    0 / 78 (0.00%)
    1 / 79 (1.27%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Femur fracture
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 79 (1.27%)
    0 / 86 (0.00%)
    0 / 78 (0.00%)
    0 / 79 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Hip fracture
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 79 (1.27%)
    1 / 86 (1.16%)
    0 / 78 (0.00%)
    1 / 79 (1.27%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Humerus fracture
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 79 (1.27%)
    0 / 86 (0.00%)
    0 / 78 (0.00%)
    0 / 79 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Post lumbar puncture syndrome
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 79 (1.27%)
    0 / 86 (0.00%)
    0 / 78 (0.00%)
    0 / 79 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Procedural intestinal perforation
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 79 (1.27%)
    0 / 86 (0.00%)
    0 / 78 (0.00%)
    0 / 79 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Cardiac disorders
    Myocardial infarction
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 79 (0.00%)
    0 / 86 (0.00%)
    1 / 78 (1.28%)
    0 / 79 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Sinus tachycardia
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 79 (0.00%)
    1 / 86 (1.16%)
    0 / 78 (0.00%)
    0 / 79 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Nervous system disorders
    Amyloid related imaging abnormalities
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 79 (2.53%)
    1 / 86 (1.16%)
    0 / 78 (0.00%)
    0 / 79 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    2 / 2
    1 / 1
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Cerebrovascular accident
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 79 (1.27%)
    0 / 86 (0.00%)
    0 / 78 (0.00%)
    1 / 79 (1.27%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Headache
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 79 (1.27%)
    0 / 86 (0.00%)
    0 / 78 (0.00%)
    0 / 79 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Lacunar infarction
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 79 (0.00%)
    1 / 86 (1.16%)
    0 / 78 (0.00%)
    0 / 79 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Metabolic encephalopathy
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 79 (0.00%)
    1 / 86 (1.16%)
    0 / 78 (0.00%)
    0 / 79 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Presyncope
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 79 (1.27%)
    0 / 86 (0.00%)
    0 / 78 (0.00%)
    0 / 79 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Syncope
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 79 (2.53%)
    1 / 86 (1.16%)
    0 / 78 (0.00%)
    0 / 79 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Transient ischaemic attack
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 79 (0.00%)
    1 / 86 (1.16%)
    0 / 78 (0.00%)
    0 / 79 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    1 / 1
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Blood and lymphatic system disorders
    Anaemia
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 79 (0.00%)
    0 / 86 (0.00%)
    0 / 78 (0.00%)
    1 / 79 (1.27%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Eye disorders
    Retinal detachment
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 79 (1.27%)
    0 / 86 (0.00%)
    0 / 78 (0.00%)
    0 / 79 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Gastrointestinal disorders
    Abdominal pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 79 (0.00%)
    0 / 86 (0.00%)
    0 / 78 (0.00%)
    1 / 79 (1.27%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Diarrhoea
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 79 (0.00%)
    0 / 86 (0.00%)
    0 / 78 (0.00%)
    1 / 79 (1.27%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Pancreatitis acute
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 79 (1.27%)
    0 / 86 (0.00%)
    0 / 78 (0.00%)
    0 / 79 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders
    Back pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 79 (0.00%)
    1 / 86 (1.16%)
    0 / 78 (0.00%)
    0 / 79 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Infections and infestations
    Bronchitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 79 (0.00%)
    0 / 86 (0.00%)
    0 / 78 (0.00%)
    1 / 79 (1.27%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Device related infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 79 (1.27%)
    1 / 86 (1.16%)
    3 / 78 (3.85%)
    0 / 79 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 1
    0 / 3
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Device related sepsis
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 79 (0.00%)
    1 / 86 (1.16%)
    0 / 78 (0.00%)
    0 / 79 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Diverticulitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 79 (0.00%)
    1 / 86 (1.16%)
    0 / 78 (0.00%)
    0 / 79 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Endocarditis staphylococcal
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 79 (1.27%)
    0 / 86 (0.00%)
    0 / 78 (0.00%)
    0 / 79 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Pneumonia
    Additional description: Lobar pneumonia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 79 (1.27%)
    0 / 86 (0.00%)
    0 / 78 (0.00%)
    0 / 79 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Sepsis
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 79 (0.00%)
    1 / 86 (1.16%)
    0 / 78 (0.00%)
    0 / 79 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Metabolism and nutrition disorders
    Dehydration
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 79 (0.00%)
    0 / 86 (0.00%)
    1 / 78 (1.28%)
    0 / 79 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Hypovolaemia
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 79 (0.00%)
    1 / 86 (1.16%)
    1 / 78 (1.28%)
    0 / 79 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Frequency threshold for reporting non-serious adverse events: 5%
    Non-serious adverse events
    High Albumin + Immunoglobulin Low Albumin + Immunoglobulin Low Albumin Control (Sham) Group
    Total subjects affected by non serious adverse events
         subjects affected / exposed
    67 / 79 (84.81%)
    77 / 86 (89.53%)
    72 / 78 (92.31%)
    56 / 79 (70.89%)
    Investigations
    Blood fibrinogen decreased
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 79 (3.80%)
    5 / 86 (5.81%)
    1 / 78 (1.28%)
    0 / 79 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    4
    8
    1
    0
    Injury, poisoning and procedural complications
    Contusion
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 79 (3.80%)
    9 / 86 (10.47%)
    4 / 78 (5.13%)
    4 / 79 (5.06%)
         occurrences all number
    4
    10
    4
    4
    Vascular access complication
         subjects affected / exposed
    6 / 79 (7.59%)
    4 / 86 (4.65%)
    4 / 78 (5.13%)
    0 / 79 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    11
    5
    7
    0
    Vascular disorders
    Haematoma
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 79 (3.80%)
    5 / 86 (5.81%)
    3 / 78 (3.85%)
    0 / 79 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    3
    6
    4
    0
    Hypertension
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 79 (0.00%)
    0 / 86 (0.00%)
    3 / 78 (3.85%)
    5 / 79 (6.33%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    0
    4
    7
    Hypotension
         subjects affected / exposed
    16 / 79 (20.25%)
    16 / 86 (18.60%)
    21 / 78 (26.92%)
    1 / 79 (1.27%)
         occurrences all number
    34
    39
    43
    1
    Poor venous access
         subjects affected / exposed
    7 / 79 (8.86%)
    6 / 86 (6.98%)
    4 / 78 (5.13%)
    0 / 79 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    10
    7
    6
    0
    Cardiac disorders
    Bradycardia
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 79 (5.06%)
    3 / 86 (3.49%)
    1 / 78 (1.28%)
    0 / 79 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    6
    3
    1
    0
    Nervous system disorders
    Dizziness
         subjects affected / exposed
    11 / 79 (13.92%)
    12 / 86 (13.95%)
    8 / 78 (10.26%)
    3 / 79 (3.80%)
         occurrences all number
    12
    16
    10
    7
    Headache
         subjects affected / exposed
    12 / 79 (15.19%)
    4 / 86 (4.65%)
    7 / 78 (8.97%)
    14 / 79 (17.72%)
         occurrences all number
    13
    4
    9
    20
    Paraesthesia
         subjects affected / exposed
    5 / 79 (6.33%)
    1 / 86 (1.16%)
    9 / 78 (11.54%)
    0 / 79 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    12
    1
    16
    0
    Presyncope
         subjects affected / exposed
    10 / 79 (12.66%)
    14 / 86 (16.28%)
    8 / 78 (10.26%)
    2 / 79 (2.53%)
         occurrences all number
    14
    18
    9
    2
    Syncope
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 79 (5.06%)
    4 / 86 (4.65%)
    4 / 78 (5.13%)
    1 / 79 (1.27%)
         occurrences all number
    4
    5
    5
    1
    Blood and lymphatic system disorders
    Anaemia
         subjects affected / exposed
    17 / 79 (21.52%)
    17 / 86 (19.77%)
    16 / 78 (20.51%)
    4 / 79 (5.06%)
         occurrences all number
    17
    19
    20
    5
    Iron deficiency anaemia
         subjects affected / exposed
    5 / 79 (6.33%)
    1 / 86 (1.16%)
    3 / 78 (3.85%)
    1 / 79 (1.27%)
         occurrences all number
    5
    1
    3
    1
    General disorders and administration site conditions
    Catheter site erythema
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 79 (3.80%)
    3 / 86 (3.49%)
    4 / 78 (5.13%)
    0 / 79 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    4
    3
    6
    0
    Device connection issue
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 79 (0.00%)
    0 / 86 (0.00%)
    0 / 78 (0.00%)
    4 / 79 (5.06%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    0
    0
    8
    Extravasation
         subjects affected / exposed
    10 / 79 (12.66%)
    7 / 86 (8.14%)
    7 / 78 (8.97%)
    0 / 79 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    15
    13
    12
    0
    Infusion site extravasation
         subjects affected / exposed
    7 / 79 (8.86%)
    4 / 86 (4.65%)
    2 / 78 (2.56%)
    0 / 79 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    10
    6
    3
    0
    Oedema peripheral
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 79 (1.27%)
    0 / 86 (0.00%)
    3 / 78 (3.85%)
    5 / 79 (6.33%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    0
    3
    5
    Catheter site pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 79 (2.53%)
    0 / 86 (0.00%)
    9 / 78 (11.54%)
    0 / 79 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    0
    11
    0
    Gastrointestinal disorders
    Diarrhoea
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 79 (5.06%)
    6 / 86 (6.98%)
    3 / 78 (3.85%)
    2 / 79 (2.53%)
         occurrences all number
    6
    7
    3
    2
    Nausea
         subjects affected / exposed
    5 / 79 (6.33%)
    5 / 86 (5.81%)
    8 / 78 (10.26%)
    0 / 79 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    6
    8
    11
    0
    Vomiting
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 79 (3.80%)
    6 / 86 (6.98%)
    5 / 78 (6.41%)
    3 / 79 (3.80%)
         occurrences all number
    4
    6
    5
    3
    Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders
    Erythema
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 79 (0.00%)
    1 / 86 (1.16%)
    4 / 78 (5.13%)
    1 / 79 (1.27%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    1
    4
    1
    Psychiatric disorders
    Anxiety
         subjects affected / exposed
    6 / 79 (7.59%)
    2 / 86 (2.33%)
    6 / 78 (7.69%)
    1 / 79 (1.27%)
         occurrences all number
    11
    4
    6
    1
    Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders
    Back pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 79 (3.80%)
    3 / 86 (3.49%)
    4 / 78 (5.13%)
    1 / 79 (1.27%)
         occurrences all number
    3
    3
    4
    1
    Muscle spasms
         subjects affected / exposed
    18 / 79 (22.78%)
    5 / 86 (5.81%)
    9 / 78 (11.54%)
    3 / 79 (3.80%)
         occurrences all number
    34
    6
    18
    3
    Pain in extremity
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 79 (5.06%)
    4 / 86 (4.65%)
    2 / 78 (2.56%)
    1 / 79 (1.27%)
         occurrences all number
    5
    4
    2
    1
    Infections and infestations
    Nasopharyngitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    6 / 79 (7.59%)
    3 / 86 (3.49%)
    7 / 78 (8.97%)
    3 / 79 (3.80%)
         occurrences all number
    6
    3
    7
    5
    Respiratory tract infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 79 (1.27%)
    4 / 86 (4.65%)
    3 / 78 (3.85%)
    4 / 79 (5.06%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    4
    3
    4
    Upper respiratory tract infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    6 / 79 (7.59%)
    1 / 86 (1.16%)
    6 / 78 (7.69%)
    5 / 79 (6.33%)
         occurrences all number
    6
    1
    6
    6
    Urinary tract infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    5 / 79 (6.33%)
    6 / 86 (6.98%)
    1 / 78 (1.28%)
    3 / 79 (3.80%)
         occurrences all number
    6
    7
    1
    3
    Catheter site infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 79 (1.27%)
    4 / 86 (4.65%)
    4 / 78 (5.13%)
    0 / 79 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    5
    4
    0

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    Substantial protocol amendments (globally)

    Were there any global substantial amendments to the protocol? Yes
    Date
    Amendment
    28 Nov 2011
    Protocol Version 1.5 was issued in November 2011 (12 subjects were enrolled in Spain only under this amendment) and implemented the following changes in study conduct (excluding administrative and typographical changes or clarifications to the protocol): • Revision of the control group and blinding technique following The Cochrane Library about the invasive “placebo” controls* to avoid the use of sham procedures * Cyna AM, Costi D, Middleton P. Randomised controlled trials using invasive ‘placebo’ controls are unethical and should be excluded from Cochrane Reviews [editorial]. The Cochrane Library 2011 (15 June). • Inclusion of Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS), Quality of Life AD Measure (QoL-AD) and Resource Utilization in Dementia (RUD-Lite©) Questionnaire • Update to timing for assessment of efficacy measurements from baseline (week -2 to -1), week 6, month 5, 8, 11 and 14 to baseline (week -2 to -1), intermediate visit (week 7-8), months 6, 9, 12 and 14. • Inclusion of Appendix 11 – STUDY SUMMARY TABLE AND STUDY FLOW CHART and modification of Appendix 3 - AUTO-C CLINICAL PROTOCOL
    30 Apr 2012
    Protocol Version 1.6 was issued in April 2012 (after 12 subjects had been enrolled under the previous version, 6 new subjects were enrolled in Spain only under this amendment) and implemented the following changes in study conduct (excluding administrative and typographical changes or clarifications to the protocol): • Substitution of secondary efficacy variable Boston Naming Test (BNT) to Neuropsychological Assessment Battery Naming Test (NAB) • Update to Appendix 4 - REPORTING OF SERIOUS AND/OR UNEXPECTED AES, elimination of Appendix 5 - STUDY CONTACT INFORMATION • Update to inclusion criteria#3 related to include current stable treatment of memantine and for inclusion criteria #6 related to neuroimaging was clarified. • Extend timing for screening phase to 3 weeks; and provide time-window for FPE visits (window of ± 1 day), Intermediate visit (window of ± 2 days) and LVPE visits window of ± 5 days) • The number of scheduled MRI and FDG-PET assessments for brain structural changes was increased from 3 to 6. • Elimination of AD genetic markers (ApoE and presenilin), update laboratory parameters and AD biomarkers.
    16 Nov 2012
    Protocol Version 1.7 was issued in November 2012 (after 18 subjects had been enrolled under the previous version, no new subjects were enrolled under this amendment) and implemented the following changes in study conduct (excluding administrative and typographical changes or clarifications to the protocol): • Update to Appendix 3 – AUTO-C CLINICAL PROTOCOL and Appendix 4 - REPORTING OF SERIOUS AND/OR UNEXPECTED AES, elimination of Appendix 8 – SAMPLE INFORMED CONSENT TEMPLATE and Appendix 9 - SAMPLE CAREGIVER CONSENT TEMPLATE • Modification of Investigational Plan since the third group of treatment was changed from 1/3 of albumin dose (13 g) and IVIG (7 g) to albumin dose only group (20 g) • Clarification of exclusion criteria #1 (plasma exchange contraindications), #10 (uncontrolled high blood pressure), #12 (heart diseases), #16 (years of education) and #17 (stable treatment for behavioral disorders) • Update of safety assessments to include a chest X-ray to confirm the correct placement of the catheter; vital signs were assessed at 15-30 min before PE, during and 15-30 min after PE; addition of monitoring of subjects for number and type of bacterial infections requiring antibiotic, and addition of troponin assessment at screening and at each post-PE during intensive FPE period. • Update timing for primary criterion of safety (percentage of PE associated with at least one procedure-related AE) to be assessed within 72 hours after infusion completion (or after the infusion stops). • Incorporation of Data Monitoring Committee (DMC)
    29 Jan 2013
    Amended Protocol Version 2.0 was issued in January 2013 (after 18 subjects had been enrolled under the previous version, 107 new subjects in Spain and US were enrolled under this amendment) and implemented the following changes in study conduct (excluding administrative and typographical changes or clarifications to the protocol): • The planned enrollment was increased from 350 to 364 subjects to obtain an estimated sample size of 312 subjects (78 per treatment group) for evaluation. This sample size would provide joint power for the 2 co-primary endpoints (implemented in this protocol version; see below) of at least 90%. • Sham procedures mimicking plasmaphereses but with neither fluid exchange nor albumin or IVIG administration were implemented for the control group, following the same visit and assessment schedule used for the treated groups. The control group previously did not undergo these procedures and did not have visits or assessments during the intensive PE period (Weeks 1 to 6). • Exclusion criteria for uncontrolled high blood pressure (despite regular treatment during the previous 3 months) were increased from >140 to ≥160 mmHg (systolic) and from >90 to ≥100 mmHg (diastolic). • Change from baseline in ADCS-ADL inventory was added as a co-primary efficacy variable. • The number of scheduled MRI assessments for brain structural changes was decreased from 6 to 5. • The number of scheduled assessments for variation in FDG-PET patterns was decreased from 6 to 4. • aPTT was added to the scheduled laboratory assessments.
    31 Dec 2015
    Amended Protocol Version 3.0 was issued in December 2015 (after 125 subjects had been enrolled under the previous versions, 222 new subjects in Spain and US were enrolled under this amendment) and implemented the following changes in study conduct (excluding administrative and typographical changes or clarifications to the protocol): • Guidelines for sham procedures and management of hypovolemia, fever, and thromboembolic events were added. • The exclusion criterion for bradycardia was decreased from <60 to <55/min. • An exclusion criterion was added for subjects being treated with anticoagulants or antiplatelet therapy. • A provision was added that a person accompanying the subject for study procedures should not be in the same room in order to maintain the blind except in cases of agitated subjects. • Premedication with corticosteroids for IVIG administration was added as a permitted concomitant treatment. • ACEIs were added as prohibited concomitant treatments. • Sampling of plasma bags corresponding to each PE (FPE and LVPE) at selected sites was added. • Central interpretation of FDG-PET and MRI assessments was added. • The requirement for immediate notification of unexpected AEs was removed.
    28 Nov 2017
    Amended Protocol Version 4.0 was issued in November 2017 (after 347 subjects had been enrolled under the previous versions, no new subjects were enrolled under this amendment) and implemented the following change in study conduct (excluding administrative and typographical changes or clarifications to the protocol): • Sites performing LVPE were allowed to use devices based on the Aurora™ device (Fresenius Kabi, Bad Homburg, Germany) for the procedure. This device is an upgrade of the Auto-C device.
    21 Feb 2018
    Amended Protocol Version 5.0 was issued in February 2018 in the US only, and administrative and typographical changes were implemented to the protocol. No changes to study conduct were specified, and no new subjects were enrolled under this amendment.

    Interruptions (globally)

    Were there any global interruptions to the trial? No

    Limitations and caveats

    Limitations of the trial such as small numbers of subjects analysed or technical problems leading to unreliable data.
    None reported
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