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    Clinical Trial Results:
    Goal-directed Afterload Reduction in Acute Congestive Cardiac Decompensation Study

    Summary
    EudraCT number
    2011-004977-10
    Trial protocol
    DE   BG  
    Global end of trial date
    22 Feb 2019

    Results information
    Results version number
    v1(current)
    This version publication date
    24 Jul 2022
    First version publication date
    24 Jul 2022
    Other versions

    Trial information

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    Trial identification
    Sponsor protocol code
    08meInnereA_GALACTIC
    Additional study identifiers
    ISRCTN number
    -
    US NCT number
    NCT00512759
    WHO universal trial number (UTN)
    -
    Sponsors
    Sponsor organisation name
    University Hospital Basel
    Sponsor organisation address
    Petersgraben 4, Basel, Switzerland, 4031
    Public contact
    Principle Investigator, University Hospital Basel, Cardiology, +41 613286549, christian.mueller@usb.ch
    Scientific contact
    Principle Investigator, University Hospital Basel, Cardiology, 0613286968 613286549, christian.mueller@usb.ch
    Paediatric regulatory details
    Is trial part of an agreed paediatric investigation plan (PIP)
    No
    Does article 45 of REGULATION (EC) No 1901/2006 apply to this trial?
    No
    Does article 46 of REGULATION (EC) No 1901/2006 apply to this trial?
    No
    Results analysis stage
    Analysis stage
    Final
    Date of interim/final analysis
    05 Jul 2019
    Is this the analysis of the primary completion data?
    Yes
    Primary completion date
    22 Feb 2019
    Global end of trial reached?
    Yes
    Global end of trial date
    22 Feb 2019
    Was the trial ended prematurely?
    No
    General information about the trial
    Main objective of the trial
    The aim of the study was to determine the safety and efficacy of an early goal-directed preload and afterload decrement with a target systolic blood pressure of 90-110 mm Hg by aggressive vasodilatation versus standard medical care in a non-ICU setting in patients with acute heart failure.
    Protection of trial subjects
    The study was in compliance with the ethical principles derived from the Declaration of Helsinki and the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) Good Clinical Practice (GCP) guidelines. All the local regulatory requirements pertinent to safety of trial subjects were also followed during the conduct of the trial.
    Background therapy
    AHF therapies other than vasodilators, including diuretics, were provided according to guidelines and at the discretion of the treating physician in both groups. The study protocol defined vasodilator treatment in the intervention group until hospital discharge or day 7 (whichever came first). The ACE-inhibitor (or ARB or sacubitril/valsartan) up-titration until hospital discharge was faster than in the usual care, so patients in the intervention group were expected to receive a significantly higher dose of ACE-inhibitors or ARB or sacubitril/valsartan at the time of discharge.
    Evidence for comparator
    -
    Actual start date of recruitment
    10 Dec 2007
    Long term follow-up planned
    No
    Independent data monitoring committee (IDMC) involvement?
    No
    Population of trial subjects
    Number of subjects enrolled per country
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Spain: 4
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Bulgaria: 58
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Germany: 50
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Switzerland: 637
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Brazil: 39
    Worldwide total number of subjects
    788
    EEA total number of subjects
    112
    Number of subjects enrolled per age group
    In utero
    0
    Preterm newborn - gestational age < 37 wk
    0
    Newborns (0-27 days)
    0
    Infants and toddlers (28 days-23 months)
    0
    Children (2-11 years)
    0
    Adolescents (12-17 years)
    0
    Adults (18-64 years)
    109
    From 65 to 84 years
    449
    85 years and over
    230

    Subject disposition

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    Recruitment
    Recruitment details
    Patients presenting with acute heart failure at the emergency departments at the participating study sites were recruited if they fulfilled all the inclusion and none of the exclusion criteria.

    Pre-assignment
    Screening details
    The number of patients assessed for eligibility is not reported because it was not collected at all sites. If the patient fulfilled all the inclusion and none of the exclusion criteria, the patient was randomized. A total of 788 patients were randomized.

    Period 1
    Period 1 title
    overall trial (overall period)
    Is this the baseline period?
    Yes
    Allocation method
    Randomised - controlled
    Blinding used
    Not blinded

    Arms
    Are arms mutually exclusive
    Yes

    Arm title
    early goal-directed therapy
    Arm description
    Early goal-directed therapy applied aggressive vasodilatation using sublingual and transdermal nitrates, hydralazine to avoid tolerance to nitrates, and rapid uptitration of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers with a target systolic blood pressure of 90mmHg to 110mmHg. Timing and dosing of diuretics and all other treatments were left to the discretion of the treating physician
    Arm type
    Alternative treatment strategy

    Investigational medicinal product name
    sublingual and transdermal nitrates
    Investigational medicinal product code
    Other name
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Sublingual tablet, Transdermal patch
    Routes of administration
    Sublingual use, Transdermal use
    Dosage and administration details
    Goal-directed preload and afterload decrement strategy through early intensive and sustained vasodilation, was a comprehensive pragmatic approach of maximal and sustained vasodilation combining high and individualized doses of sublingual and transdermal nitrates, oral hydralazine for 48 hours (7–9) and rapid up-titration of ACEinhibitors or ARB or sacubitril/valsartan according to pre-treatment and/or the preference of the treating physician, using a predefined safety corridor for systolic blood pressure of 90-110mmHg.

    Arm title
    standard of care
    Arm description
    SoC. Timing and dosing of diuretics and all other treatments were left to the discretion of the treating physician
    Arm type
    standard of care

    Investigational medicinal product name
    No investigational medicinal product assigned in this arm
    Number of subjects in period 1
    early goal-directed therapy standard of care
    Started
    386
    402
    Completed
    382
    399
    Not completed
    4
    3
         Consent withdrawn by subject
    1
    2
         Consent not available at monitoring visit
    3
    1

    Baseline characteristics

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    Baseline characteristics reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    early goal-directed therapy
    Reporting group description
    Early goal-directed therapy applied aggressive vasodilatation using sublingual and transdermal nitrates, hydralazine to avoid tolerance to nitrates, and rapid uptitration of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers with a target systolic blood pressure of 90mmHg to 110mmHg. Timing and dosing of diuretics and all other treatments were left to the discretion of the treating physician

    Reporting group title
    standard of care
    Reporting group description
    SoC. Timing and dosing of diuretics and all other treatments were left to the discretion of the treating physician

    Reporting group values
    early goal-directed therapy standard of care Total
    Number of subjects
    386 402 788
    Age categorical
    Units: Subjects
        In utero
    0
        Preterm newborn infants (gestational age < 37 wks)
    0
        Newborns (0-27 days)
    0
        Infants and toddlers (28 days-23 months)
    0
        Children (2-11 years)
    0
        Adolescents (12-17 years)
    0
        Adults (18-64 years)
    0
        From 65-84 years
    0
        85 years and over
    0
    Age continuous
    Units: years
        median (inter-quartile range (Q1-Q3))
    78.0 (70.0 to 85.0) 77.0 (69.0 to 84.0) -
    Gender categorical
    Units: Subjects
        Female
    142 149 291
        Male
    244 253 497
    BMI
    Body mass index
    Units: kilogram(s)/square metre
        median (inter-quartile range (Q1-Q3))
    26.5 (23.4 to 30.3) 26.6 (23.5 to 29.7) -
    BNP
    brain natriuretic peptide
    Units: nanogram(s)/litre
        median (inter-quartile range (Q1-Q3))
    1249 (849 to 2254) 1272 (845 to 2146) -
    NT-proBNP
    N-terminal pro b-type natriuretic peptide
    Units: nanogram(s)/litre
        median (inter-quartile range (Q1-Q3))
    6135 (3359 to 9899) 5336 (3021 to 9517) -
    LVEF
    left ventricular ejection fraction
    Units: percent
        median (inter-quartile range (Q1-Q3))
    36 (26 to 50) 37 (26 to 51) -

    End points

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    End points reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    early goal-directed therapy
    Reporting group description
    Early goal-directed therapy applied aggressive vasodilatation using sublingual and transdermal nitrates, hydralazine to avoid tolerance to nitrates, and rapid uptitration of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers with a target systolic blood pressure of 90mmHg to 110mmHg. Timing and dosing of diuretics and all other treatments were left to the discretion of the treating physician

    Reporting group title
    standard of care
    Reporting group description
    SoC. Timing and dosing of diuretics and all other treatments were left to the discretion of the treating physician

    Primary: All cause mortality or rehospitalization due to heart failure at 180 days

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    End point title
    All cause mortality or rehospitalization due to heart failure at 180 days
    End point description
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    11-Dec-2007 - 19-Aug-2018
    End point values
    early goal-directed therapy standard of care
    Number of subjects analysed
    382
    399
    Units: 228
    117
    111
    Statistical analysis title
    All-cause mortality or rehospitalization at 180d
    Statistical analysis description
    Composite of all-cause mortality or rehospitalization for AHF at 180 days.
    Comparison groups
    early goal-directed therapy v standard of care
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    781
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    = 0.59
    Method
    Regression, Cox
    Parameter type
    Cox proportional hazard
    Confidence interval
         level
    95%
         sides
    2-sided
         lower limit
    0.83
         upper limit
    1.39

    Secondary: All-cause mortality at 180 days

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    End point title
    All-cause mortality at 180 days
    End point description
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    11-Dec-2007 - 19-Aug-2018
    End point values
    early goal-directed therapy standard of care
    Number of subjects analysed
    382
    399
    Units: 116
    55
    61
    Statistical analysis title
    All-cause death at 180 days
    Comparison groups
    early goal-directed therapy v standard of care
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    781
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    Method
    Parameter type
    Absolute difference in percentage
    Point estimate
    0.9
    Confidence interval
         level
    95%
         sides
    2-sided
         lower limit
    -4.3
         upper limit
    6.1

    Secondary: median length of stay

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    End point title
    median length of stay
    End point description
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    11-Dec-2007 - 19-Aug-2018
    End point values
    early goal-directed therapy standard of care
    Number of subjects analysed
    382
    399
    Units: days
    9
    9
    Statistical analysis title
    median length of stay
    Comparison groups
    early goal-directed therapy v standard of care
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    781
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    Method
    Parameter type
    Absolute difference
    Point estimate
    0
    Confidence interval
         level
    95%
         sides
    2-sided
         lower limit
    -1
         upper limit
    1

    Secondary: systolic blood pressure on day 2

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    End point title
    systolic blood pressure on day 2
    End point description
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    11-Dec-2007 - 20-Feb-2018
    End point values
    early goal-directed therapy standard of care
    Number of subjects analysed
    382
    399
    Units: mmHG
    115
    125
    Statistical analysis title
    systolic blood pressure on day 2
    Comparison groups
    early goal-directed therapy v standard of care
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    781
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    < 0.001
    Method
    t-test, 2-sided
    Parameter type
    Absolute difference
    Point estimate
    10
    Confidence interval
         level
    95%
         sides
    2-sided
         lower limit
    6
         upper limit
    14

    Adverse events

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    Adverse events information
    Timeframe for reporting adverse events
    10-Dec-2007 - 22-Feb-2019
    Assessment type
    Systematic
    Dictionary used for adverse event reporting
    Dictionary name
    SNOMED CT
    Dictionary version
    1.0
    Reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    early goal-directed therapy
    Reporting group description
    -

    Reporting group title
    standard of care
    Reporting group description
    -

    Serious adverse events
    early goal-directed therapy standard of care
    Total subjects affected by serious adverse events
         subjects affected / exposed
    199 / 382 (52.09%)
    204 / 399 (51.13%)
         number of deaths (all causes)
    55
    61
         number of deaths resulting from adverse events
    General disorders and administration site conditions
    All-cause rehospitalization
         subjects affected / exposed
    167 / 382 (43.72%)
    167 / 399 (41.85%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 167
    0 / 167
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    AHF rehospitalization
         subjects affected / exposed
    77 / 382 (20.16%)
    70 / 399 (17.54%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 77
    0 / 70
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Death
         subjects affected / exposed
    55 / 382 (14.40%)
    61 / 399 (15.29%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 55
    0 / 61
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Prolongation of index hospitalization
         subjects affected / exposed
    39 / 382 (10.21%)
    23 / 399 (5.76%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 39
    0 / 23
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Transfer to the intensive care unit
         subjects affected / exposed
    14 / 382 (3.66%)
    16 / 399 (4.01%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 14
    0 / 16
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Cardiopulmonary resuscitation
         subjects affected / exposed
    5 / 382 (1.31%)
    4 / 399 (1.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 5
    0 / 4
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Frequency threshold for reporting non-serious adverse events: 1%
    Non-serious adverse events
    early goal-directed therapy standard of care
    Total subjects affected by non serious adverse events
         subjects affected / exposed
    233 / 382 (60.99%)
    197 / 399 (49.37%)
    Cardiac disorders
    Acute coronary syndrome
         subjects affected / exposed
    5 / 382 (1.31%)
    1 / 399 (0.25%)
         occurrences all number
    5
    1
    Arrhythmia requiring therapy
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 382 (0.52%)
    3 / 399 (0.75%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    3
    Blood and lymphatic system disorders
    Hypokalaemia
         subjects affected / exposed
    88 / 382 (23.04%)
    98 / 399 (24.56%)
         occurrences all number
    88
    98
    Hyperkalaemia
         subjects affected / exposed
    41 / 382 (10.73%)
    28 / 399 (7.02%)
         occurrences all number
    41
    28
    General disorders and administration site conditions
    Headache
         subjects affected / exposed
    101 / 382 (26.44%)
    38 / 399 (9.52%)
         occurrences all number
    101
    38
    Dizziness
         subjects affected / exposed
    58 / 382 (15.18%)
    39 / 399 (9.77%)
         occurrences all number
    58
    39
    Systolic arterial hypotension
         subjects affected / exposed
    29 / 382 (7.59%)
    9 / 399 (2.26%)
         occurrences all number
    29
    9
    Fall
         subjects affected / exposed
    14 / 382 (3.66%)
    7 / 399 (1.75%)
         occurrences all number
    14
    7
    Renal and urinary disorders
    worsening renal function
         subjects affected / exposed
    81 / 382 (21.20%)
    80 / 399 (20.05%)
         occurrences all number
    81
    80

    More information

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    Substantial protocol amendments (globally)

    Were there any global substantial amendments to the protocol? Yes
    Date
    Amendment
    31 Oct 2007
    Eligibility criteria were expanded. Eligible patients should be older than 45 years (instead of 18) to avoid inclusion of possible pregnant women. Exclusion criteria list was expanded. Therapy schema was modified for a better overview
    21 Apr 2008
    Primary endpoint “Count of the hospitalization’s days after 60 days” was classified as secondary endpoint. The secondary endpoint “Mortality or Hospitalizations after 180 days” is now the primary endpoint of the study. Study population was increased from 351 patients per group to 385 patients per group. Third tone would be assess using a special holter device (Audicor) during the first 24 hours. At the beginning of the hospitalization and before discharge, lower limbs circumference and central venous pressure will be measured, the latest not invasively using an ultrasound device. At admission, at 48 hours and before discharge, subjective dyspnea assessment will be carried
    28 Jul 2008
    The primary endpoint “mortality or hospitalizations after 180 days” was changed to “mortality or rehospitalizations due to heart failure after 180 days”. No sample size adjustment. New study centers were included to the discussion for future participation in the study: University Hospital Zürich, Inselspital Bern, Cantonal Hospital in Freiburg and Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston, USA. NT-proBNP was incorporated as alternative inclusion criteria to BNP.
    06 Oct 2008
    Additional collection of 7.5ml Urine sample at admission, at 24 and 48 hours, after 6 days and before discharge was included.
    21 Jan 2009
    The treatment schema was complemented. In the intervention group, for every medication at every time point, a tolerance margin was stablished. For standard of care group, the treatment was updated according to the latest recommendations of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). The approach of special situations (i.e. rise in creatinine, symptomatic hypotony) was stated clearly. Eligible patients should be older than 18 years (instead of 45). To exclude the possibility of enrolling possible pregnant women, a pregnancy test is required. Inclusion of patients that were initially not in the situation to sign the ICF by him/herself, was further clarify in the protocol. Summary was updated.
    11 Mar 2009
    Target dose of ACE-i and ARB were adjusted in the control group
    07 Jan 2012
    Treatment schema (intervention and standard of care) for ACE-i and ARB was updated with equivalent doses for different substances within the same category. Hospital Clinic of the Faculty of Medicine University of São Paulo Brazil, University Medicine Mainz in Germany and Faculty of Medicine University of Latvia in Riga, Latvia were incorporated in the list of active centers. Biobank regulation V 1.0 was stablished in accordance with the Swiss Academy of Medical Sciences.
    09 Jan 2013
    Acute coronary syndrome and symptomatic hypotension during initial hospitalization were listed as secondary endpoints. Exclusion criteria list was expanded to include: severe mitral stenosis, isolated right ventricular failure due to pulmonary hypertension, Systemic Lupus erythematosus and related diseases and known hypersensitivity to hydralazine or dihydralazine. Study procedures were expanded. Study scheduled was expanded. References were updated.
    31 Oct 2015
    The Mafraq Hospital Abu Dhabi (United Arab Emirates), the Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol in Barcelona Spain, the Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau in Barcelona Spain and the University Hospital Belgrade (Serbian) were listed as participant centers. Adjustment of the cut-off from NT-proBNP and BNP for eligibility in patients with BMI > 35kg/m2 Treatment schema was updated to include Entresto (LCZ696) up titration plan in the intervention group. Measurements with the Audicor holter device would not take place anymore. Introduction of a “randomization questionnaire” as an assessment tool to measure the influence of the patient due to the open-label study design. Quality of life questionnaire will be only assess at 180 days after inclusion in the study.
    26 Sep 2016
    Composite primary endpoint was divided and listed individually as secondary endpoints (allcause mortality at 180 days and HF rehospitalization at 180 days) University Hospital “Tsaritsa Joanna-ISUL” (Sofia, Bulgaria), the National Transport Hospital “Tsar Boris III” (Sofia, Bulgaria), the 5- th Multifunctional Hospital for Active Treatment (Sofia, Bulgaria) and the University Hospital “Alexandrovska” (Sofia, Bulgaria) were listed as participant centers. During the initial phase of treatment in the intervention groups, nitro spray (containing 0.4 mg glyceryl trinitrate per application) can be used as an alternative to nitro capsules. The change from an ACE-i and ARB to LCZ696 is possible at any time by the clinical team, both in the standard group and in the intervention group, as long as the corresponding criteria according to the current 2016 ESC Guidelines are met. SecuTrial (interActive Systems GmbH, Berlin Germany) will be used together with Microsoft Access as the study database. Centers outside Switzerland can organize their own insurance policies.

    Interruptions (globally)

    Were there any global interruptions to the trial? No

    Limitations and caveats

    Limitations of the trial such as small numbers of subjects analysed or technical problems leading to unreliable data.
    None reported

    Online references

    http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31846016
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