E.1 Medical condition or disease under investigation |
E.1.1 | Medical condition(s) being investigated |
'Maturity onset diabetes of the young', also called 'Hepatocyte nuclear factor 1-alfa daiabetes'. It is a monogenic form of inherited diabetes. |
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E.1.1.1 | Medical condition in easily understood language |
An inherited form of diabetes where only a single gene is affected. The desease resembles type 2 diabetes, but the patients are younger. |
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E.1.1.2 | Therapeutic area | Diseases [C] - Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases [C18] |
MedDRA Classification |
E.1.2 Medical condition or disease under investigation |
E.1.2 | Version | 14.1 |
E.1.2 | Level | LLT |
E.1.2 | Classification code | 10026948 |
E.1.2 | Term | Maturity-onset diabetes of the young |
E.1.2 | System Organ Class | 10027433 - Metabolism and nutrition disorders |
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E.1.3 | Condition being studied is a rare disease | No |
E.2 Objective of the trial |
E.2.1 | Main objective of the trial |
The objective of the study is to investigate long term (6 weeks) effects of liraglutide compared to glimepiride on Fasting Plasma Glucose in patients with MODY3 in a double-blind, randomised cross-over trial. |
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E.2.2 | Secondary objectives of the trial |
To investigate the risk of hypoglycaemia during treatment with liraglutide and glimepiride. |
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E.2.3 | Trial contains a sub-study | No |
E.3 | Principal inclusion criteria |
• Caucasian above 18 years of age
• Well characterised MODY3
• Body mass index (BMI) >19 kg/m2
• Normal haemoglobin (males >8.2 mM, females >7.2 mM)
• Normal blood pressure (<160/100 mmHg)
• Informed consent
• Capability to perform a light cycling test (heart rate 100-120 beats per minute during 30 minutes)
• Females: use of anticonception (IUC or hormonal)
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E.4 | Principal exclusion criteria |
• Heart failure: New York Heart Association class III-IV
• Uraemia, end-stage renal disease, or any other cause of impaired renal function with s-creatinine >130 µM and/or albuminuria
• Liver disease (alanine amino transferase (ALAT) and/or aspartate amino transferase (ASAT) >2 × upper normal serum levels)
• Anaemia
• Acute or chronic pancreatitis
• Struma or thyroid cancer
• Pregnancy or breast feeding
• Inability to complete the study
• Treatment naïve patients with HbA1c <7.0 %
• Treatment with medicine that can not be paused for 12 hours
• Known allergic reaction to study medication
• Intention to become pregnant
• Unwillingness to complete the protocol
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E.5 End points |
E.5.1 | Primary end point(s) |
Fasting PG (FPG)
Glycaemic control will be evaluated by FPG monitored twice weekly, 7-point PG profiles every two weeks and 3 blinded 48-hour continuous PG profiles (before randomisation and at the end of both treatment periods). The patients who will be their own controls, will randomly be assigned (after one week washout of usual antidiabetic treatment) to receive either liraglutide or glimepiride for 6 weeks, and after another one-week washout period treated with the opposite treatment for 6 weeks.
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E.5.1.1 | Timepoint(s) of evaluation of this end point |
At baseline (end of 1st wash-out period), and in the end of each treatment period. |
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E.5.2 | Secondary end point(s) |
Secondary endpoints include: serum fructosamine, number and severity of hypoglycaemic events, estimation of endocrine pancreas function (plasma concentrations of insulin, C-peptide and glucagon) and plasma concentrations of incretin hormones. Postprandial responses of incretin hormones and beta cell function (assessed as fasting proinsulin-to-insulin ratio) will be evaluated during three standardised 4-hour meal tests (at baseline and in the end of each treatment period). Hypoglycaemic events will be reported by the patient in a diary. During cycling tests patients will be tested further according to hypoglycaemia. Mild hypoglycaemia is defined as episodes with symptoms of hypoglycaemia familiar to the patient and managed solely by the patient. Events of severe hypoglycaemia are defined as episodes with symptoms of hypoglycaemia with need for assistance from another person. Such events must be reported to the investigator within 24 hours after the event. Episodes of severe hypoglycaemia will be validated as follows: 1) symptoms of hypoglycaemia; 2) PG <3.0 mM; and 3) adequate response to glucose/glucagon treatment. Episodes fulfilling all three criteria will be classified as definite; those fulfilling two criteria with no other explanation of the symptoms will be classified as probable, and those only fulfilling one criterion will be classified as possible. Severity will be sub-classified according to level of assistance and consciousness during the episode: 1) conscious during the event, but with need of assistance to treat orally with glucose; 2) coma or seizure during the event and/or if parenteral treatment is necessary. Biochemical hypoglycaemia is defined as PG <3.0 mM.
Fructosamine
Fructosamine is a time-averaged indicator of PG levels, which is used to assess the glycaemic status of patients with diabetes. It reflects the total amount of glycated proteins such as glycohaemoglobin and glycoalbumin in a blood sample. The concentration of glycated proteins is generally recognized to be valuable in evaluating the glycaemic status of patients with diabetes. It is simple compared to other methods used for such determinations such as affinity chromatography and the thiobarbituric acid method, which are labour-intensive and time consuming and results obtained from different laboratories are difficult to compare. The turnover of serum proteins (albumin has a half-life of 19 days) is less than that of haemoglobin (lifespan of erythrocytes is approximately 120 days), and therefore fructosamine determinations provide a means of monitoring patient blood glucose status over a shorter period (1-3 weeks) than glycohaemoglobin (6-8 weeks). As a result, changes in fructosamine values alert the physician to deteriorating glycaemic control earlier than changes in HbA1c values. In addition, fructosamine levels decrease more quickly than HbA1c when antidiabetic treatment is optimised (12).
Cycling test
Patients will be evaluated during a cycling test. The number of patients experiencing hypoglycaemia during a 30-minute bicycle exercise test 2½ hours after ingestion of a standardised test meal will be noted. PG will be evaluated at predefined time intervals throughout the study in order to evaluate biochemical hypoglycaemia. All patients will be tested three times: at baseline (after one week washout of usual antidiabetic treatment and in the end of each treatment period. Two and a half hours after ingestion of a test meal (375 kcal, 46 g carbohydrate, 14.5 g fat and 15 g protein) all patients will be subjected to a 30-minute cycling test (50-60 revolutions/min with adjustment of the bicycle resistance to fix the heart rate at 100-120 beats/min throughout the test) (10). Patients will ingest the meal 30 minutes after administration of study medication.
Endocrine measures and hypoglycaemia
Endocrine pancreas function will be estimated by analyses of plasma concentrations of insulin, C-peptide and glucagon. Other hormone analyses include cortisol, epinephrine, nor-epinephrine, growth hormone and incretin hormones. Furthermore, observation of symptoms of hypoglycaemia including sweating, tremor, confusion, nausea, nervousness, weakness, hunger, trouble speaking, palpitations, anxiety and irritability will be noted. Mild hypoglycaemia is defined as episodes with symptoms of hypoglycaemia familiar to the patient and managed solely by the patient. Biochemical hypoglycaemia: is defined as PG <3 mM without symptoms of hypoglycaemia. Severe hypoglycaemia is defined as episodes with symptoms of hypoglycaemia with need for assistance from another person. Severity will be sub-classified according to level of assistance and consciousness during the episode: 1) conscious during the event, but with need of assistance to treat orally with glucose; 2) coma or seizure during the event and/or if parenteral treatment is necessary.
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E.5.2.1 | Timepoint(s) of evaluation of this end point |
At baseline (end of 1st wash-out period), and in the end of each treatment period. |
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E.6 and E.7 Scope of the trial |
E.6 | Scope of the trial |
E.6.1 | Diagnosis | No |
E.6.2 | Prophylaxis | No |
E.6.3 | Therapy | Yes |
E.6.4 | Safety | Yes |
E.6.5 | Efficacy | Yes |
E.6.6 | Pharmacokinetic | No |
E.6.7 | Pharmacodynamic | No |
E.6.8 | Bioequivalence | No |
E.6.9 | Dose response | No |
E.6.10 | Pharmacogenetic | No |
E.6.11 | Pharmacogenomic | No |
E.6.12 | Pharmacoeconomic | No |
E.6.13 | Others | No |
E.7 | Trial type and phase |
E.7.1 | Human pharmacology (Phase I) | No |
E.7.1.1 | First administration to humans | No |
E.7.1.2 | Bioequivalence study | No |
E.7.1.3 | Other | No |
E.7.1.3.1 | Other trial type description | |
E.7.2 | Therapeutic exploratory (Phase II) | Yes |
E.7.3 | Therapeutic confirmatory (Phase III) | No |
E.7.4 | Therapeutic use (Phase IV) | No |
E.8 Design of the trial |
E.8.1 | Controlled | Yes |
E.8.1.1 | Randomised | Yes |
E.8.1.2 | Open | No |
E.8.1.3 | Single blind | No |
E.8.1.4 | Double blind | Yes |
E.8.1.5 | Parallel group | No |
E.8.1.6 | Cross over | Yes |
E.8.1.7 | Other | No |
E.8.2 | Comparator of controlled trial |
E.8.2.1 | Other medicinal product(s) | Yes |
E.8.2.2 | Placebo | No |
E.8.2.3 | Other | No |
E.8.2.4 | Number of treatment arms in the trial | 2 |
E.8.3 |
The trial involves single site in the Member State concerned
| Yes |
E.8.4 | The trial involves multiple sites in the Member State concerned | No |
E.8.5 | The trial involves multiple Member States | No |
E.8.6 Trial involving sites outside the EEA |
E.8.6.1 | Trial being conducted both within and outside the EEA | No |
E.8.6.2 | Trial being conducted completely outside of the EEA | No |
E.8.7 | Trial has a data monitoring committee | No |
E.8.8 |
Definition of the end of the trial and justification where it is not the last
visit of the last subject undergoing the trial
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E.8.9 Initial estimate of the duration of the trial |
E.8.9.1 | In the Member State concerned years | 1 |
E.8.9.1 | In the Member State concerned months | 3 |
E.8.9.1 | In the Member State concerned days | 0 |