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    Clinical Trial Results:
    Effect of supplementation with vitamin D on the acute bronchitis prevention during the first year of life.

    Summary
    EudraCT number
    2012-001152-19
    Trial protocol
    ES  
    Global end of trial date
    31 Dec 2016

    Results information
    Results version number
    v1(current)
    This version publication date
    22 Sep 2021
    First version publication date
    22 Sep 2021
    Other versions

    Trial information

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    Trial identification
    Sponsor protocol code
    VitDBR2012
    Additional study identifiers
    ISRCTN number
    -
    US NCT number
    -
    WHO universal trial number (UTN)
    -
    Sponsors
    Sponsor organisation name
    VHIR
    Sponsor organisation address
    Passeig Vall Hebron 119-129, Barcelona, Spain, 08035
    Public contact
    Joaquin Lopez-Soriano, VHIR, 34 934894865, joaquin.lopez.soriano@vhir.org
    Scientific contact
    Antonio Moreno-Galdó, VHIR, 34 934893171, amoreno@vhebron.net
    Paediatric regulatory details
    Is trial part of an agreed paediatric investigation plan (PIP)
    No
    Does article 45 of REGULATION (EC) No 1901/2006 apply to this trial?
    No
    Does article 46 of REGULATION (EC) No 1901/2006 apply to this trial?
    No
    Results analysis stage
    Analysis stage
    Final
    Date of interim/final analysis
    08 Apr 2018
    Is this the analysis of the primary completion data?
    Yes
    Primary completion date
    31 Dec 2016
    Global end of trial reached?
    Yes
    Global end of trial date
    31 Dec 2016
    Was the trial ended prematurely?
    No
    General information about the trial
    Main objective of the trial
    Check that the administration of a vitamin D dose of 1,000 U / day decreases the percentage of children with acute bronchitis during the first year of life.
    Protection of trial subjects
    The study was approved by the Ethics Committees of all the participating centers and the Spanish Agency for Medication and Healthcare Products (Agencia Española de Medicamentos y Productos Sanitarios - AEMPS). Written informed consent was obtained from the infants’ parents prior to their inclusion During the study, a protocol modification approved by the reference Ethics Committee was made in the schedule of intermediate follow-up visits (initially made at 2, 6 and 12 months and changed to visits at 3 and 12 months) and in the evaluation of the levels of calcium used to assess toxicity.
    Background therapy
    -
    Evidence for comparator
    -
    Actual start date of recruitment
    01 Sep 2012
    Long term follow-up planned
    No
    Independent data monitoring committee (IDMC) involvement?
    No
    Population of trial subjects
    Number of subjects enrolled per country
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Spain: 198
    Worldwide total number of subjects
    198
    EEA total number of subjects
    198
    Number of subjects enrolled per age group
    In utero
    0
    Preterm newborn - gestational age < 37 wk
    0
    Newborns (0-27 days)
    198
    Infants and toddlers (28 days-23 months)
    0
    Children (2-11 years)
    0
    Adolescents (12-17 years)
    0
    Adults (18-64 years)
    0
    From 65 to 84 years
    0
    85 years and over
    0

    Subject disposition

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    Recruitment
    Recruitment details
    Participants were screened for eligibility in primary care centers and hospitals between November 2013 and December 2015

    Pre-assignment
    Screening details
    Eligible participants were healthy full-term newborns with adequate weight for gestational age, fed with breastfeeding or formula feeding. 660 children were initially evaluated, of whom 198 parents accepted their participation and were randomly assigned to the 400 IU/day (n = 94), or 1,000 IU/day groups (n = 104) of vitamin D supplementation

    Period 1
    Period 1 title
    Overall trial (overall period)
    Is this the baseline period?
    Yes
    Allocation method
    Randomised - controlled
    Blinding used
    Double blind
    Roles blinded
    Subject, Investigator, Monitor, Data analyst, Carer
    Blinding implementation details
    A two phases masking system (phase I – from 0 to 6 months- and phase II- from 6 to 12 months) was designed so children received a final dose of 400 or 1,000 IU/day taking into account the dose they received from feeding with milk formulas in case they received them. Placebo and drug bottles were identical in composition (except for vitamin D), appearance and taste for both groups, and were manufactured by Kern-Pharma Laboratories, (Terrassa, Spain).

    Arms
    Are arms mutually exclusive
    Yes

    Arm title
    Vitamin D 400 IU/day
    Arm description
    Patients received a total of 400 IU of vitamin D either from diet or supplements
    Arm type
    Active comparator

    Investigational medicinal product name
    Vitamin D
    Investigational medicinal product code
    Other name
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Suspension for oral suspension
    Routes of administration
    Oral use
    Dosage and administration details
    Each participant received at the beginning and at 6 months of the study a kit containing 1 or 2 bottles of the masked assignment taking into account the contribution received through milk formulas in children fed with them. Children could receive supplements of 0, 200 or 400 IU of vitamin D to obtain the final amount of 400 IU/day. Infants receiving artificial formulas were assumed to ingest 400 IU/day of vitamin D for the first 6 months of life (volume of milk ingested 1 liter), and 200 IU/day of vitamin D from 6 to 12 months of life once the complementary feeding has been introduced (volume of milk ingested 500 milliliter).

    Arm title
    Vitamin D 1000 IU/day
    Arm description
    Patients received a total of 1000 IU of vitamin D either from diet or supplements
    Arm type
    Experimental

    Investigational medicinal product name
    Vitamin D
    Investigational medicinal product code
    Other name
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Suspension for oral suspension
    Routes of administration
    Oral use
    Dosage and administration details
    Each participant received at the beginning and at 6 months of the study a kit containing 1 or 2 bottles of the masked assignment taking into account the contribution received through milk formulas in children fed with them. Children could receive supplements of 600, 800 or 1,000 IU of vitamin D to obtain the final amount of 1,000 IU/day. Infants receiving artificial formulas were assumed to ingest 400 IU/day of vitamin D for the first 6 months of life (volume of milk ingested 1 liter), and 200 IU/day of vitamin D from 6 to 12 months of life once the complementary feeding has been introduced (volume of milk ingested 500 milliliter).

    Number of subjects in period 1
    Vitamin D 400 IU/day Vitamin D 1000 IU/day
    Started
    94
    104
    Completed
    62
    71
    Not completed
    32
    33
         Consent withdrawn by subject
    4
    11
         Physician decision
    2
    -
         Lack of compliance
    3
    3
         Lost to follow-up
    20
    18
         Protocol deviation
    3
    1

    Baseline characteristics

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    Baseline characteristics reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Vitamin D 400 IU/day
    Reporting group description
    Patients received a total of 400 IU of vitamin D either from diet or supplements

    Reporting group title
    Vitamin D 1000 IU/day
    Reporting group description
    Patients received a total of 1000 IU of vitamin D either from diet or supplements

    Reporting group values
    Vitamin D 400 IU/day Vitamin D 1000 IU/day Total
    Number of subjects
    94 104 198
    Age categorical
    Units: Subjects
        Newborns (0-27 days)
    94 104 198
    Gender categorical
    Units: Subjects
        Female
    46 45 91
        Male
    48 59 107

    End points

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    End points reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Vitamin D 400 IU/day
    Reporting group description
    Patients received a total of 400 IU of vitamin D either from diet or supplements

    Reporting group title
    Vitamin D 1000 IU/day
    Reporting group description
    Patients received a total of 1000 IU of vitamin D either from diet or supplements

    Primary: Acute bronchitis

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    End point title
    Acute bronchitis
    End point description
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    At the end of the study
    End point values
    Vitamin D 400 IU/day Vitamin D 1000 IU/day
    Number of subjects analysed
    82
    92
    Units: Subjects
    40
    42
    Statistical analysis title
    Proportion comparison acute bronchitis
    Comparison groups
    Vitamin D 400 IU/day v Vitamin D 1000 IU/day
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    174
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    = 0.68
    Method
    Chi-squared
    Parameter type
    Mean difference (final values)
    Point estimate
    -3.1
    Confidence interval
         level
    95%
         sides
    2-sided
         lower limit
    -18
         upper limit
    11.7

    Secondary: Recurrent bronchitis

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    End point title
    Recurrent bronchitis
    End point description
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    At the end of the study
    End point values
    Vitamin D 400 IU/day Vitamin D 1000 IU/day
    Number of subjects analysed
    82
    92
    Units: Subjects
    8
    14
    Statistical analysis title
    Proportion comparison recurrent bronchitis
    Comparison groups
    Vitamin D 400 IU/day v Vitamin D 1000 IU/day
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    174
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    = 0.279
    Method
    Chi-squared
    Parameter type
    Mean difference (final values)
    Point estimate
    5.5
    Confidence interval
         level
    95%
         sides
    2-sided
         lower limit
    -4.3
         upper limit
    15.2

    Secondary: Acute bronchitis hospitalizations

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    End point title
    Acute bronchitis hospitalizations
    End point description
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    At the end of the study
    End point values
    Vitamin D 400 IU/day Vitamin D 1000 IU/day
    Number of subjects analysed
    82
    92
    Units: Subjects
    3
    5
    Statistical analysis title
    Proportion comparison bronchitis hospitalizations
    Comparison groups
    Vitamin D 400 IU/day v Vitamin D 1000 IU/day
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    174
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    = 0.724
    Method
    Chi-squared
    Parameter type
    Mean difference (final values)
    Point estimate
    1.8
    Confidence interval
         level
    95%
         sides
    2-sided
         lower limit
    -4.4
         upper limit
    7.9

    Secondary: Upper respiratory tract infections

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    End point title
    Upper respiratory tract infections
    End point description
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    At the end of the study
    End point values
    Vitamin D 400 IU/day Vitamin D 1000 IU/day
    Number of subjects analysed
    82
    92
    Units: Subjects
    64
    70
    Statistical analysis title
    Proportion comparison URTI
    Statistical analysis description
    URTI = Upper respiratory tract infections
    Comparison groups
    Vitamin D 400 IU/day v Vitamin D 1000 IU/day
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    174
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    = 0.759
    Method
    Chi-squared
    Parameter type
    Mean difference (final values)
    Point estimate
    -2
    Confidence interval
         level
    95%
         sides
    2-sided
         lower limit
    -14.5
         upper limit
    10.5

    Adverse events

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    Adverse events information
    Timeframe for reporting adverse events
    At the end of the study
    Assessment type
    Systematic
    Dictionary used for adverse event reporting
    Dictionary name
    MedDRA
    Dictionary version
    14.1
    Reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    400IU VitD
    Reporting group description
    -

    Reporting group title
    1000IU VitD
    Reporting group description
    -

    Serious adverse events
    400IU VitD 1000IU VitD
    Total subjects affected by serious adverse events
         subjects affected / exposed
    10 / 94 (10.64%)
    21 / 104 (20.19%)
         number of deaths (all causes)
    0
    0
         number of deaths resulting from adverse events
    0
    0
    Surgical and medical procedures
    Surgical intervention
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 94 (0.00%)
    1 / 104 (0.96%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Gastrointestinal disorders
    Digestive complications
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 94 (0.00%)
    2 / 104 (1.92%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Vomiting
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 94 (1.06%)
    0 / 104 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
    Bronchitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 94 (3.19%)
    7 / 104 (6.73%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 3
    0 / 7
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Pneumonia
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 94 (0.00%)
    2 / 104 (1.92%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Whooping cough
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 94 (0.00%)
    1 / 104 (0.96%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Renal and urinary disorders
    Urinary infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 94 (0.00%)
    2 / 104 (1.92%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Infections and infestations
    Bacteraemia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 94 (1.06%)
    0 / 104 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Febrile convulsion
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 94 (1.06%)
    0 / 104 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Febrile infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 94 (1.06%)
    2 / 104 (1.92%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Metabolism and nutrition disorders
    Hypercalcaemia
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 94 (0.00%)
    3 / 104 (2.88%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    1 / 3
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Frequency threshold for reporting non-serious adverse events: 5%
    Non-serious adverse events
    400IU VitD 1000IU VitD
    Total subjects affected by non serious adverse events
         subjects affected / exposed
    56 / 94 (59.57%)
    80 / 104 (76.92%)
    Nervous system disorders
    Seizure
    Additional description: Febrile seizure
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 94 (1.06%)
    0 / 104 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    0
    General disorders and administration site conditions
    Irritability
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 94 (1.06%)
    0 / 104 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    0
    Ear and labyrinth disorders
    Otitis media
         subjects affected / exposed
    11 / 94 (11.70%)
    9 / 104 (8.65%)
         occurrences all number
    11
    9
    Deafness
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 94 (1.06%)
    0 / 104 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    0
    Immune system disorders
    Milk allergy
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 94 (1.06%)
    1 / 104 (0.96%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    1
    Egg allergy
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 94 (1.06%)
    0 / 104 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    0
    Eye disorders
    Conjunctivitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    15 / 94 (15.96%)
    12 / 104 (11.54%)
         occurrences all number
    15
    12
    Gastrointestinal disorders
    Gastroenteritis
         subjects affected / exposed
    23 / 94 (24.47%)
    27 / 104 (25.96%)
         occurrences all number
    23
    27
    Vomiting
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 94 (4.26%)
    5 / 104 (4.81%)
         occurrences all number
    4
    5
    Constipation
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 94 (3.19%)
    3 / 104 (2.88%)
         occurrences all number
    3
    3
    Colics
         subjects affected / exposed
    5 / 94 (5.32%)
    5 / 104 (4.81%)
         occurrences all number
    5
    5
    Other gastrointestinal problems
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 94 (4.26%)
    5 / 104 (4.81%)
         occurrences all number
    4
    5
    Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
    Upper airway infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    6 / 94 (6.38%)
    7 / 104 (6.73%)
         occurrences all number
    6
    7
    Whooping cough
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 94 (0.00%)
    1 / 104 (0.96%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    1
    Cough
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 94 (4.26%)
    6 / 104 (5.77%)
         occurrences all number
    4
    6
    Nasal obstruction
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 94 (1.06%)
    0 / 104 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    0
    Pneumonia
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 94 (0.00%)
    2 / 104 (1.92%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    2
    Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders
    Viral exanthematous infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    5 / 94 (5.32%)
    5 / 104 (4.81%)
         occurrences all number
    5
    5
    Dermatitis atopic
         subjects affected / exposed
    11 / 94 (11.70%)
    20 / 104 (19.23%)
         occurrences all number
    11
    20
    Seborrhoeic dermatitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    5 / 94 (5.32%)
    6 / 104 (5.77%)
         occurrences all number
    5
    6
    Dermatitis diaper
         subjects affected / exposed
    7 / 94 (7.45%)
    10 / 104 (9.62%)
         occurrences all number
    7
    10
    Other skin lesions
         subjects affected / exposed
    6 / 94 (6.38%)
    7 / 104 (6.73%)
         occurrences all number
    6
    7
    Renal and urinary disorders
    Urinary infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 94 (2.13%)
    3 / 104 (2.88%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    3
    Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders
    Early closure of fontanel
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 94 (1.06%)
    0 / 104 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    0
    Infections and infestations
    Acute febrile viral infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    23 / 94 (24.47%)
    24 / 104 (23.08%)
         occurrences all number
    23
    24
    Localised infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    7 / 94 (7.45%)
    7 / 104 (6.73%)
         occurrences all number
    7
    7
    Metabolism and nutrition disorders
    Failure to thrive
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 94 (0.00%)
    4 / 104 (3.85%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    4

    More information

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    Substantial protocol amendments (globally)

    Were there any global substantial amendments to the protocol? Yes
    Date
    Amendment
    04 Jul 2013
    Enlargement to 16 centers to increase recruitment chances. Approved CEIC 6/09/2013
    30 Apr 2014
    1) Authorization for venous blood extraction, instead of capillar, to avoid distress to children. 2)Hypercalciuria levels modification, since they were not originally adjusted to participants ages: calcium/creatinine ratio >0.88 at 2 months age; >0.71 at 6 months age; >0.60 at 12 months age. 3) increase in total blood extraction in children over 6 moths of age, from 1 to 1.5 ml. Approved CEIC 6/06/2014
    21 Jul 2014
    Second visit modified from 2 to 3 motnhs age, when the urine and blood analytics were done, suppressing the analytics at 6 months. Subject withdraw criteria were modified, from just hypercalciuria, to presence of hypercalcemia or hypercalcemia-associated hypercalciuria. This was suggested by the pharmacovigilance committee since hypercalciuria alone does not allowed to discard a likely toxic effect of Vitamin D, thus being necessary to have also blood levels. Change in the age of the analysis was done to avoid multiple determinations. Approved CEIC 10/10/2014
    03 Dec 2014
    Change in blood calcium levels (> 11,3 mg/dl at 3 months, or > 11,4 mg/dl at 12 months), after a publication with reference levels more suitable to the population included in the study, which appeared after writing of the original assay protocol (Roizen JD et al. Determination of reference intervals for serum total calcium in the vitamin D-replete pediatric population. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2013;98:E1946-50). Approved CEIC 9/01/2015.

    Interruptions (globally)

    Were there any global interruptions to the trial? No

    Limitations and caveats

    Limitations of the trial such as small numbers of subjects analysed or technical problems leading to unreliable data.
    The most significant limitation of the study was the sample size obtained since it was smaller than planned
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    The status and protocol content of GB trials is no longer updated since 1 January 2021. For the UK, as of 31 January 2021, EU Law applies only to the territory of Northern Ireland (NI) to the extent foreseen in the Protocol on Ireland/NI. Legal notice
    As of 31 January 2023, all EU/EEA initial clinical trial applications must be submitted through CTIS . Updated EudraCT trials information and information on PIP/Art 46 trials conducted exclusively in third countries continues to be submitted through EudraCT and published on this website.

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