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    Clinical Trial Results:
    Intestinal decontamination with rifaximin. Effects on the inflammatory and circulatory state in patients with cirrhosis and ascites - A randomised controlled clinical study

    Summary
    EudraCT number
    2012-002890-71
    Trial protocol
    DK  
    Global end of trial date
    31 Dec 2019

    Results information
    Results version number
    v1(current)
    This version publication date
    07 Apr 2022
    First version publication date
    07 Apr 2022
    Other versions
    Summary report(s)
    Primary outcomes Hepatology2017
    Secondaryoutcomes_JGH2017
    Secondaryoutcomes_plosone2018

    Trial information

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    Trial identification
    Sponsor protocol code
    RifaxNK150612
    Additional study identifiers
    ISRCTN number
    -
    US NCT number
    NCT01739040
    WHO universal trial number (UTN)
    -
    Sponsors
    Sponsor organisation name
    Hvidovre University Hospital
    Sponsor organisation address
    Kettegaard Alle 30, Hvidovre, Denmark, 2650
    Public contact
    Department of Gastroenterology , Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre , 45 38623862,
    Scientific contact
    Department of Gastroenterology , Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre , 45 38623862,
    Paediatric regulatory details
    Is trial part of an agreed paediatric investigation plan (PIP)
    No
    Does article 45 of REGULATION (EC) No 1901/2006 apply to this trial?
    No
    Does article 46 of REGULATION (EC) No 1901/2006 apply to this trial?
    No
    Results analysis stage
    Analysis stage
    Final
    Date of interim/final analysis
    31 Dec 2019
    Is this the analysis of the primary completion data?
    Yes
    Primary completion date
    31 Dec 2019
    Global end of trial reached?
    Yes
    Global end of trial date
    31 Dec 2019
    Was the trial ended prematurely?
    No
    General information about the trial
    Main objective of the trial
    This randomized clinical trial will be assessing the effect of rifaximin on pathophysiology and haemodynamics in the patient with decompensated liver cirrhosis, and addressing the effect of rifaximin on several organs on marker level. We hypothesize that intestinal decontamination with rifaximin in patients with cirrhosis and ascites will interrupt bacterial translocation, diminish the following inflammatory response, prevent splanchnic vasodilatation and portal systemic contraction and thereby reduce the risk clinical complications to cirrhosis. Hence, rifaximin: Will decrease portal pressure, measured as the hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG). Will improve renal function expressed as an increase in glomerular filtration rate,
    Protection of trial subjects
    Duration of study period was limited, study medication was distributed by oral administration.
    Background therapy
    Standard therapy for decompensated liver cirrhosis, including nutritional support, betablockers and diuretics.
    Evidence for comparator
    Comparator was placebo. We investigated the efficacy of rifaximin as add on to standard therapy. The evidence to support a beneficial effect of placebo is well-established.
    Actual start date of recruitment
    01 Oct 2012
    Long term follow-up planned
    Yes
    Long term follow-up rationale
    Safety, Scientific research
    Long term follow-up duration
    12 Months
    Independent data monitoring committee (IDMC) involvement?
    Yes
    Population of trial subjects
    Number of subjects enrolled per country
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Denmark: 54
    Worldwide total number of subjects
    54
    EEA total number of subjects
    54
    Number of subjects enrolled per age group
    In utero
    0
    Preterm newborn - gestational age < 37 wk
    0
    Newborns (0-27 days)
    0
    Infants and toddlers (28 days-23 months)
    0
    Children (2-11 years)
    0
    Adolescents (12-17 years)
    0
    Adults (18-64 years)
    38
    From 65 to 84 years
    16
    85 years and over
    0

    Subject disposition

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    Recruitment
    Recruitment details
    Patients were enrolled between February 2013 and December 2015 from six hospitals in the Capital Region of Denmark. 295 patients were screened for eligibility

    Pre-assignment
    Screening details
    Inclusion criteria: cirrhosis verified by clinical, biochemical, and ultrasound findings; ascites; age between 18 and 80 years; Portal Hypertension HVPG of 10 mm Hg or higher. Exclusion criteria: cardiac, kidney or respiratory failure, invasive cancer; infection, atibiotics treatment, HE, hbg <5,5, use of alcohol, expected survival >3 months.

    Pre-assignment period milestones
    Number of subjects started
    54
    Number of subjects completed
    54

    Period 1
    Period 1 title
    overall trial (overall period)
    Is this the baseline period?
    Yes
    Allocation method
    Randomised - controlled
    Blinding used
    Double blind
    Roles blinded
    Subject, Investigator, Monitor, Carer, Assessor
    Blinding implementation details
    Patients were randomized in a 2:1 fashion using a computer-generated logarithm provided by our external data manager. Patients were identified by a single four-digit randomization number. All patients and personnel were blinded to the treatment. Study medication was packed by the Hospital Pharmacy. Rifaximin and placebo tablets were similar in color, size, shape, and packing. Decoding could only be perfromed by sponsor and PI in unison.

    Arms
    Are arms mutually exclusive
    Yes

    Arm title
    Rifaximin
    Arm description
    Rifaximin 1 tablet of 550 mg twice a day
    Arm type
    Experimental

    Investigational medicinal product name
    Rifaximin
    Investigational medicinal product code
    A07AA11
    Other name
    Xifaxan
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Coated tablet
    Routes of administration
    Oral use
    Dosage and administration details
    1 tablet of 550 mg twice a day

    Arm title
    Placebo
    Arm description
    Placebo treatment
    Arm type
    Placebo

    Investigational medicinal product name
    Rifaximin/placebo
    Investigational medicinal product code
    A07AA11
    Other name
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Coated tablet
    Routes of administration
    Oral use
    Dosage and administration details
    1 tablet twice a day

    Number of subjects in period 1
    Rifaximin Placebo
    Started
    36
    18
    Completed
    36
    18

    Baseline characteristics

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    Baseline characteristics reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Rifaximin
    Reporting group description
    Rifaximin 1 tablet of 550 mg twice a day

    Reporting group title
    Placebo
    Reporting group description
    Placebo treatment

    Reporting group values
    Rifaximin Placebo Total
    Number of subjects
    36 18 54
    Age categorical
    Units: Subjects
        In utero
    0
        Preterm newborn infants (gestational age < 37 wks)
    0
        Newborns (0-27 days)
    0
        Infants and toddlers (28 days-23 months)
    0
        Children (2-11 years)
    0
        Adolescents (12-17 years)
    0
        Adults (18-64 years)
    0
        From 65-84 years
    0
        85 years and over
    0
    Age continuous
    Units: years
        median (full range (min-max))
    58.5 (33 to 68) 52.5 (34 to 74) -
    Gender categorical
    Units: Subjects
        Female
    5 4 9
        Male
    31 14 45

    End points

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    End points reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Rifaximin
    Reporting group description
    Rifaximin 1 tablet of 550 mg twice a day

    Reporting group title
    Placebo
    Reporting group description
    Placebo treatment

    Primary: Hepatic venous pressure gradient

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    End point title
    Hepatic venous pressure gradient [1]
    End point description
    we measured hepatic venous pressure gradient at baseline and at 4 weeks after treatment
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    baseline and 4 weeks
    Notes
    [1] - No statistical analyses have been specified for this primary end point. It is expected there is at least one statistical analysis for each primary end point.
    Justification: Full data set is posted, published results including statistics are posted
    End point values
    Rifaximin Placebo
    Number of subjects analysed
    36
    18
    Units: mmHg
        number (not applicable)
    16.6
    16.4
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Primary: Glomerular filtration rate

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    End point title
    Glomerular filtration rate [2]
    End point description
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    from baseline and 4 weeks
    Notes
    [2] - No statistical analyses have been specified for this primary end point. It is expected there is at least one statistical analysis for each primary end point.
    Justification: Full data set is posted, published results including statistics are posted
    End point values
    Rifaximin Placebo
    Number of subjects analysed
    36
    18
    Units: ml/hour
        number (not applicable)
    84.7
    77.4
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Adverse events

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    Adverse events information
    Timeframe for reporting adverse events
    from inclusion to end of treatment plus one week. In total 5 weeks.
    Assessment type
    Systematic
    Dictionary used for adverse event reporting
    Dictionary name
    MedDRA
    Dictionary version
    10
    Reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Rifaximin
    Reporting group description
    -

    Reporting group title
    Placebo
    Reporting group description
    -

    Serious adverse events
    Rifaximin Placebo
    Total subjects affected by serious adverse events
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 36 (11.11%)
    1 / 18 (5.56%)
         number of deaths (all causes)
    0
    0
         number of deaths resulting from adverse events
    0
    0
    Gastrointestinal disorders
    Duodenal ulcer
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 36 (2.78%)
    0 / 18 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Infections and infestations
    Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 36 (5.56%)
    0 / 18 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Pneumonia
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 36 (0.00%)
    1 / 18 (5.56%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Skin infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 36 (2.78%)
    0 / 18 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Frequency threshold for reporting non-serious adverse events: 5%
    Non-serious adverse events
    Rifaximin Placebo
    Total subjects affected by non serious adverse events
         subjects affected / exposed
    32 / 36 (88.89%)
    16 / 18 (88.89%)
    Cardiac disorders
    Chest pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 36 (2.78%)
    0 / 18 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    0
    Oedema
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 36 (0.00%)
    1 / 18 (5.56%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    1
    Nervous system disorders
    Dizziness
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 36 (11.11%)
    2 / 18 (11.11%)
         occurrences all number
    4
    2
    Gastrointestinal disorders
    mild abdominal pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    6 / 36 (16.67%)
    1 / 18 (5.56%)
         occurrences all number
    6
    1
    Reflux gastritis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 36 (2.78%)
    1 / 18 (5.56%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    1
    Diarrhoea
         subjects affected / exposed
    5 / 36 (13.89%)
    1 / 18 (5.56%)
         occurrences all number
    5
    1
    Constipation
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 36 (11.11%)
    0 / 18 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    4
    0
    Flatulence
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 36 (2.78%)
    1 / 18 (5.56%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    1
    Vomiting
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 36 (5.56%)
    1 / 18 (5.56%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    1
    Nausea
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 36 (5.56%)
    1 / 18 (5.56%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    1
    c. diff
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 36 (0.00%)
    1 / 18 (5.56%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    1
    Hunger
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 36 (0.00%)
    1 / 18 (5.56%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    1
    Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
    Cough
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 36 (5.56%)
    0 / 18 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    0
    Haematochezia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 36 (2.78%)
    0 / 18 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    0
    Masticatory pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 36 (5.56%)
    0 / 18 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    0
    Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders
    Eczema
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 36 (2.78%)
    0 / 18 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    0
    Haematoma
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 36 (0.00%)
    2 / 18 (11.11%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    2
    Renal and urinary disorders
    Haematuria
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 36 (2.78%)
    0 / 18 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    0
    Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders
    Back pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 36 (11.11%)
    2 / 18 (11.11%)
         occurrences all number
    4
    2
    fall
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 36 (2.78%)
    0 / 18 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    0
    Infections and infestations
    Influenza
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 36 (0.00%)
    1 / 18 (5.56%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    0

    More information

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    Substantial protocol amendments (globally)

    Were there any global substantial amendments to the protocol? No

    Interruptions (globally)

    Were there any global interruptions to the trial? No

    Limitations and caveats

    Limitations of the trial such as small numbers of subjects analysed or technical problems leading to unreliable data.
    None reported

    Online references

    http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28671712
    http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27775818
    http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30183743
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