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    Clinical Trial Results:
    Effects of intravenous iron in COPD.

    Summary
    EudraCT number
    2012-002952-17
    Trial protocol
    GB  
    Global end of trial date
    05 Jul 2017

    Results information
    Results version number
    v1(current)
    This version publication date
    18 Nov 2018
    First version publication date
    18 Nov 2018
    Other versions
    Summary report(s)
    Table of secondary outcomes
    Table of laboratory parameter outcomes
    Table of adverse events

    Trial information

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    Trial identification
    Sponsor protocol code
    COPDIron
    Additional study identifiers
    ISRCTN number
    ISRCTN09143837
    US NCT number
    -
    WHO universal trial number (UTN)
    -
    Sponsors
    Sponsor organisation name
    University of Oxford, CTRG
    Sponsor organisation address
    Joint Research Office, 1st floor, Boundary Brook House, Churchill Drive, Oxford, United Kingdom, OX3 7LQ
    Public contact
    Co-ordinating centre, Oxford Respiratory Trials Unit, 0044 01865225205, magda.laskawiec@ouh.nhs.uk
    Scientific contact
    Co-ordinating centre, Oxford Respiratory Trials Unit, 0044 01865225205, magda.laskawiec@ouh.nhs.uk
    Paediatric regulatory details
    Is trial part of an agreed paediatric investigation plan (PIP)
    No
    Does article 45 of REGULATION (EC) No 1901/2006 apply to this trial?
    No
    Does article 46 of REGULATION (EC) No 1901/2006 apply to this trial?
    No
    Results analysis stage
    Analysis stage
    Final
    Date of interim/final analysis
    31 Dec 2017
    Is this the analysis of the primary completion data?
    Yes
    Primary completion date
    05 Jul 2017
    Global end of trial reached?
    Yes
    Global end of trial date
    05 Jul 2017
    Was the trial ended prematurely?
    No
    General information about the trial
    Main objective of the trial
    To determine whether intravenous administration of ferric carboxymaltose improves peripheral arterial oxygen saturation in patients with COPD at one week following an infusion of iron compared to saline control.
    Protection of trial subjects
    The only intervention in this study was the administration of intra-venous ferric carboxymaltose, which had been shown to be safe and well tolerated. The most common side-effects are a headache (occurring in 3.3% of patients) and rash. All team members involved in administration of intravenous drugs were competent in the recognition and treatment of potential adverse reactions such as allergy or anaphylaxis. Appropriate emergency medications and cardiopulmonary resuscitation facilities were available. All AEs, immediately after and up to 1 week after IMP administration were recorded in the study CRF. The following information relevant to the AE was recorded: description, date of onset and end date, severity, assessment of relatedness to study medication, other suspect drug or device and action taken. Follow-up information was provided as necessary. It was up to the investigator’s clinical judgment whether or not an AE was of sufficient severity (mild, moderate or severe) to require the participant’s removal from treatment. A participant could have also voluntarily withdrawn from treatment due to what they perceived as an intolerable AE. In such a case, the participant would have undergone an end of study assessment and be given appropriate care under medical supervision until symptoms cease or the condition became stable.
    Background therapy
    Patients continued to take their medication for the underlying disease and other comorbidities as instructed by their treating physicians.
    Evidence for comparator
    Iron has been shown to be important in the regulation of pulmonary vascular responses to hypoxia, which is a crucial feature underlying the pathogenesis of COPD. As such, low iron levels were shown to increase pulmonary arterial pressure, which is associated with worse outcomes in COPD. On the other hand, administration of iron could attenuate this increase. It was therefore postulated, that administration of intravenous iron to patients with COPD, which is characterized by hypoxia and increased pulmonary arterial pressure, might be of benefit. Furthermore, patients with COPD were shown to be iron deficient significantly more often than healthy controls. iron deficient COPD patients were also more hypoxemic and showed more inflammation than iron-replete patients with COPD.
    Actual start date of recruitment
    29 Oct 2012
    Long term follow-up planned
    No
    Independent data monitoring committee (IDMC) involvement?
    No
    Population of trial subjects
    Number of subjects enrolled per country
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    United Kingdom: 48
    Worldwide total number of subjects
    48
    EEA total number of subjects
    48
    Number of subjects enrolled per age group
    In utero
    0
    Preterm newborn - gestational age < 37 wk
    0
    Newborns (0-27 days)
    0
    Infants and toddlers (28 days-23 months)
    0
    Children (2-11 years)
    0
    Adolescents (12-17 years)
    0
    Adults (18-64 years)
    16
    From 65 to 84 years
    32
    85 years and over
    0

    Subject disposition

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    Recruitment
    Recruitment details
    Patients were recruited between March 2015 and July 2017 in Oxford, UK. Recruitment occurred Oxford Centre for Respiratory Medicine, hospital wards, the respiratory outpatient clinics, the Respiratory Research Registry (held at the Churchill Hospital), from primary care settings or via study posters in hospital, outpatient clinic & GP surgeries.

    Pre-assignment
    Screening details
    Screening included review of medical history. physical examination, blood test and lung function testing. Participants were instructed in daily measurement of oxygen saturation and peak expiratory flow at home. 71 participants attended a screening visit, of which 55 met eligibility criteria. 7 withdrew consent after screening.

    Period 1
    Period 1 title
    Baseline
    Is this the baseline period?
    Yes
    Allocation method
    Randomised - controlled
    Blinding used
    Double blind
    Roles blinded
    Subject, Investigator, Assessor
    Blinding implementation details
    Team members undertaking patient assessments were blinded. Team members preparing and administering intravenous iron/saline were unblinded. Blinding of these research team members was not possible since the iron solution is brown and saline is colourless. The iron infusion had to be made up immediately prior to administration. Given the colour difference in the solutions, opaque covers were used for giving sets and cannulae to maintain blinding of the patient and other researchers.

    Arms
    Are arms mutually exclusive
    Yes

    Arm title
    Placebo control
    Arm description
    The control arm was given normal saline (placebo)
    Arm type
    Placebo

    Investigational medicinal product name
    Physiological saline
    Investigational medicinal product code
    Other name
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Solution for infusion
    Routes of administration
    Intravenous drip use
    Dosage and administration details
    A solution of 0.9% weight per volume sodium chloride at physiological osmolality at around 300 mOsm/L was used. 250 ml of normal saline (0.9%) was infused, using the same schedule as for the iron infusion.

    Arm title
    Intravenous iron
    Arm description
    This arm received intravenous ferric carboxymaltose, the experimental drug studied in this trial.
    Arm type
    Experimental

    Investigational medicinal product name
    Ferric carboxymaltose
    Investigational medicinal product code
    Other name
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Solution for infusion
    Routes of administration
    Intravenous drip use
    Dosage and administration details
    The iron formulation used was ferric carboxymaltose (Ferinject®). This comprises a macromolecular iron-hydroxide complex of polynuclear iron (III) hydroxide in a carbohydrate shell60. The complex is very stable, therefore does not release ionic iron under physiological conditions. The slow release of iron avoids the acute toxicity of many other iron compounds, but allowing large amounts of iron to be delivered. It has a half-life of 16 hours. The dose of ferric carboxymaltose is 15 mg/kg up to a maximum dose of 1000mg. The dose required is added to a bag of 250 ml normal saline, and infused over 15 minutes.

    Number of subjects in period 1
    Placebo control Intravenous iron
    Started
    24
    24
    Completed
    24
    24
    Period 2
    Period 2 title
    Week 1 follow up
    Is this the baseline period?
    No
    Allocation method
    Randomised - controlled
    Blinding used
    Double blind
    Roles blinded
    Subject, Investigator, Assessor
    Blinding implementation details
    No further intervention occurred. Blinding was maintained throughout the whole study period for the roles selected above.

    Arms
    Are arms mutually exclusive
    Yes

    Arm title
    Intravenous iron
    Arm description
    -
    Arm type
    No intervention

    Investigational medicinal product name
    No investigational medicinal product assigned in this arm
    Arm title
    Placebo control
    Arm description
    -
    Arm type
    No intervention

    Investigational medicinal product name
    No investigational medicinal product assigned in this arm
    Number of subjects in period 2
    Intravenous iron Placebo control
    Started
    24
    24
    Completed
    24
    24
    Period 3
    Period 3 title
    Week 8 follow up
    Is this the baseline period?
    No
    Allocation method
    Randomised - controlled
    Blinding used
    Double blind
    Roles blinded
    Subject, Investigator, Assessor
    Blinding implementation details
    No further intervention occurred. Blinding was maintained throughout the whole study period for the roles selected above.

    Arms
    Are arms mutually exclusive
    Yes

    Arm title
    Placebo control
    Arm description
    -
    Arm type
    No intervention

    Investigational medicinal product name
    No investigational medicinal product assigned in this arm
    Arm title
    Intravenous iron
    Arm description
    -
    Arm type
    No intervention

    Investigational medicinal product name
    No investigational medicinal product assigned in this arm
    Number of subjects in period 3
    Placebo control Intravenous iron
    Started
    24
    24
    Completed
    24
    24

    Baseline characteristics

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    Baseline characteristics reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Placebo control
    Reporting group description
    The control arm was given normal saline (placebo)

    Reporting group title
    Intravenous iron
    Reporting group description
    This arm received intravenous ferric carboxymaltose, the experimental drug studied in this trial.

    Reporting group values
    Placebo control Intravenous iron Total
    Number of subjects
    24 24 48
    Age categorical
    Units: Subjects
        In utero
    0
        Preterm newborn infants (gestational age < 37 wks)
    0
        Newborns (0-27 days)
    0
        Infants and toddlers (28 days-23 months)
    0
        Children (2-11 years)
    0
        Adolescents (12-17 years)
    0
        Adults (18-64 years)
    0
        From 65-84 years
    0
        85 years and over
    0
    Age continuous
    Age at baseline visit.
    Units: years
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    68 ± 7 69.2 ± 8.4 -
    Gender categorical
    Gender
    Units: Subjects
        Female
    5 9 14
        Male
    19 15 34
    Smoking status
    Units: Subjects
        Former smoker
    16 18 34
        Current smoker
    7 6 13
        Never smoked
    1 0 1
    GOLD stage
    GOLD stage at baseline
    Units: Subjects
        Mild (I)
    0 0 0
        Moderate (II)
    10 9 19
        Severe (III)
    10 10 20
        Very severe (IV)
    4 5 9
    BMI
    Bodz mass index
    Units: kg/m2
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    25.4 ± 4.1 25.7 ± 6.1 -
    Pack years
    Number of pack years smoked
    Units: years
        median (inter-quartile range (Q1-Q3))
    39 (28 to 67) 43 (31 to 67) -
    Age of COPD onset
    Units: years
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    58.2 ± 5.3 57.2 ± 11.3 -
    Age of smoking initiation
    Units: years
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    14.6 ± 3.0 14.8 ± 2.9 -
    Age of smoking cessation
    Age of smoking cessation (if applicable)
    Units: years
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    57.5 ± 8.7 59.0 ± 6.5 -
    Exacerbations in previous years
    Units: number of events
        median (inter-quartile range (Q1-Q3))
    2 (1 to 3) 1 (0 to 3) -
    FEV1 predicted
    Forced expiratory volume in 1 second as percentage of normal range
    Units: percent
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    49.8 ± 16.9 48.0 ± 17.6 -
    FEV1/FVC
    FEV1 to FVC ratio
    Units: percent
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    40.4 ± 10.2 44.8 ± 9.0 -
    Serum iron
    Units: micromole(s)/litre
        median (inter-quartile range (Q1-Q3))
    15.2 (13.2 to 19.5) 16.1 (11.0 to 19.3) -
    Serum ferritin
    Units: microgram(s)/litre
        median (inter-quartile range (Q1-Q3))
    69.6 (38.5 to 151.9) 84.3 (65.1 to 110.6) -
    Serum transferrin
    Units: gram(s)/litre
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    2.53 ± 0.31 2.53 ± 0.32 -
    Transferrin saturation
    Units: percent
        median (inter-quartile range (Q1-Q3))
    26.5 (23.0 to 38.3) 28.0 (21.3 to 37.0) -
    Serum soluble transferrin receptor
    Units: nanomole(s)/litre
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    17.1 ± 5.0 16.2 ± 4.4 -
    Plasma hepcidin
    Units: nanogram(s)/millilitre
        median (inter-quartile range (Q1-Q3))
    17.7 (8.0 to 25.1) 20.7 (12.7 to 29.1) -

    End points

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    End points reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Placebo control
    Reporting group description
    The control arm was given normal saline (placebo)

    Reporting group title
    Intravenous iron
    Reporting group description
    This arm received intravenous ferric carboxymaltose, the experimental drug studied in this trial.
    Reporting group title
    Intravenous iron
    Reporting group description
    -

    Reporting group title
    Placebo control
    Reporting group description
    -
    Reporting group title
    Placebo control
    Reporting group description
    -

    Reporting group title
    Intravenous iron
    Reporting group description
    -

    Primary: Peripheral oxygen saturation

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    End point title
    Peripheral oxygen saturation
    End point description
    Change in peripheral arterial oxygen saturation at one week at rest using pulse oximetry
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    Assessed at week 1 follow up.
    End point values
    Placebo control Intravenous iron
    Number of subjects analysed
    24
    24
    Units: percent
        arithmetic mean (standard error)
    -0.39 ± 0.36
    0.39 ± 0.32
    Attachments
    Peripheral oxygen saturation (primary outcome)
    Statistical analysis title
    Primary outcome analysis
    Statistical analysis description
    The primary outcome (change in peripheral oxygen saturation from baseline to week 1 between groups) was analysed by two-tailed unpaired Student t-test.
    Comparison groups
    Placebo control v Intravenous iron
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    48
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    equivalence
    P-value
    = 0.116
    Method
    t-test, 2-sided
    Confidence interval

    Adverse events

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    Adverse events information
    Timeframe for reporting adverse events
    All AEs, immediately after and up to 1 week after IMP administration were recorded in the study CRF. All Serious Adverse Events were recorded for the entire study duration and reported within 24 hours of knowledge of the event to the sponsor.
    Adverse event reporting additional description
    Adverse events were recorded on the week 1 follow up visit and recorded on dedicated CRFs. If necessary, follow up about adverse event solution was provided. Serious adverse events were recorded up until the end of the study (week 8 visit).
    Assessment type
    Non-systematic
    Dictionary used for adverse event reporting
    Dictionary name
    CTCAE
    Dictionary version
    4.0
    Reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Placebo control
    Reporting group description
    The control arm was given normal saline (placebo)

    Reporting group title
    Intravenous iron
    Reporting group description
    This arm received intravenous ferric carboxymaltose, the experimental drug studied in this trial.

    Serious adverse events
    Placebo control Intravenous iron
    Total subjects affected by serious adverse events
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 24 (8.33%)
    0 / 24 (0.00%)
         number of deaths (all causes)
    0
    0
         number of deaths resulting from adverse events
    0
    0
    Injury, poisoning and procedural complications
    Fall
    Additional description: Fall requiring hospitalisation
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 24 (4.17%)
    0 / 24 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
    Lung infection
    Additional description: Lung infection requiring hospitalisation
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 24 (4.17%)
    0 / 24 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Frequency threshold for reporting non-serious adverse events: 0%
    Non-serious adverse events
    Placebo control Intravenous iron
    Total subjects affected by non serious adverse events
         subjects affected / exposed
    17 / 24 (70.83%)
    22 / 24 (91.67%)
    Investigations
    Hypophosphatemia
    Additional description: Hypophosphatemia was defined as phosphate levels <0.8 mmol/L. Numbers reported here are based on the retrospective analysis of stored serum samples from all participants.
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 24 (8.33%)
    22 / 24 (91.67%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    22
    Other abnormal laboratory tests
    Additional description: These included in order of frequency: elevated C-reactive protein, hypoalbuminemia, thrombocytosis, hypokalemia, anemia, hyperkalemia, elevated white cell and neutrophil counts
         subjects affected / exposed
    7 / 24 (29.17%)
    8 / 24 (33.33%)
         occurrences all number
    8
    10
    Cardiac disorders
    Hypertension
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 24 (16.67%)
    5 / 24 (20.83%)
         occurrences all number
    4
    5
    Nervous system disorders
    Headache
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 24 (16.67%)
    2 / 24 (8.33%)
         occurrences all number
    4
    2
    General disorders and administration site conditions
    Haematoma
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 24 (8.33%)
    2 / 24 (8.33%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    2
    Fever
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 24 (0.00%)
    1 / 24 (4.17%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    1
    Ear and labyrinth disorders
    Dizziness
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 24 (4.17%)
    0 / 24 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    0
    Gastrointestinal disorders
    Vomiting
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 24 (4.17%)
    0 / 24 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    0
    Diarrhea
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 24 (4.17%)
    0 / 24 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    0
    Dyspepsia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 24 (4.17%)
    0 / 24 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    0
    Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
    Dyspnea
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 24 (0.00%)
    3 / 24 (12.50%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    3
    Upper respiratory infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 24 (0.00%)
    1 / 24 (4.17%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    1
    Cough
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 24 (0.00%)
    1 / 24 (4.17%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    1
    Nasal congestion
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 24 (4.17%)
    0 / 24 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    0
    Lung infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 24 (4.17%)
    0 / 24 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    0
    Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders
    Rash
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 24 (0.00%)
    1 / 24 (4.17%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    1

    More information

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    Substantial protocol amendments (globally)

    Were there any global substantial amendments to the protocol? Yes
    Date
    Amendment
    25 Oct 2012
    Changes to the protocol exclusion criteria. Changes to the acceptable forms of effective contraception. Changes to withdrawal procedures of participants from study treatment due to pregnancy. Changes to safety profile of procedures section. Changes to the SAE reporting section. Additional information added to the Patient Information Sheet.
    30 Jun 2013
    Addition of tertiary objective: Enrich the detailed phenotyping of the COPD Cohort. Information to Withdrawal of Participants from Study Treatment section added. Due to the design of the database, data already entered onto it cannot be deleted, but will be excluded from analysis. Clarification regarding adverse event followup of patients following withdrawal from the trial. Addition of safety reporting procedure for unexpected adverse events which the PI deems are possibly related to the trial medication or trial procedures. Clarification that SAEs must be reported to the sponsor (CTRG) and not ORTU (Oxford Respiratory Trials Unit) within 24 hours of knowledge of the event. Explanation of why full dataset will be collected from screen failures at the screening visit. The patient information sheet has been altered to explain to the patient why the researcher's wish to complete the full set of screening assessments even if the patient is not eligible to take part in the study. The consent form now has an additional question (question 7) so that patients can give their consent for this. Minimisation to be carried out using the sofware program Sealed Envelope.
    18 Mar 2014
    New primary endpoint: oxygen status in response to intravenous iron. This has led to the following changes in the text of the protocol as detailed below: 2. Rationale 3. New endpoints 4. Inclusion exclusion criteria 5. Simplification of study visits 6. Revised sample size Corresponding changes have also been made in the patient information sheet and GP letter. The final change is that not all patients will already be carrying out daily diary cards as part of their participation in the COPD Cohort (this protocol was simplified), and therefore this test was described as if it is new to the patient. Patients had to be free of an exacerbation as documented on the daily diary card for at least four weeks prior to the baseline study.
    25 Jul 2014
    Change of CI from Dr Annabel Nickol to Dr Mona Bafadhel.
    09 Dec 2014
    Minor admin updates. Addition of blood tests and lung function testing at screening visit for patients who did not have a recent result in either of these tests. The study team felt that the patients should not be asked to keep a diary card beyond the end of the study as no provision of diary follow-up had been made and the study had ends at 8 weeks post baseline for each patient. Clarification of who will carry out the study assessments. The protocol and the Patient Information Sheet were updated to reflect this. Simplification for recording AEs and a time limit on when to stop recording AEs. The CI and the sponsor felt that this section of the protocol was not clear and needed clarification. Clarification of safety reporting to confirm which SAEs must be reported immediately and a time frame for the end of reporting. The CI and sponsor felt it was unnecessary to report all SAEs and that there needed to be a time limit on when to stop reporting SAEs. The Patient Information Sheet has been updated to inform patients that a blood test and spirometry may be performed at the screening visit if a recent test is not available. The Patient Information Sheet has been updated to inform patients that diary cards only need to be kept for the duration of the study and no longer. The Patient Information Sheet has been updated to inform patients that the Baseline visit is more likely going to take 4 hours rather than 3 hours.
    14 Jan 2015
    As requested by the MHRA in order to comply with UK Statutory Instrument 2004 No 1031 Part, the protocol was updated to clarify that all Serious Adverse Events, regardless of the causality, must be reported within 24 hours of knowledge of the event to the sponsor.
    26 Mar 2015
    This study stopped recruiting from the COPD cohort. Patients first to be identified in the Oxford Centre for Respiratory Medicine or in a Primary Care by a member of their clinical care team who asked them if they wished to be contacted about the study. The following additional tests were added which were originally carried out in the COPD Cohort: - Patient’s weight, height and neck circumference measurements - A 12 lead electrocardiogram (ECG) GP letter and Consent form removal of references to COPD cohort.
    04 Mar 2016
    To ensure the study recruitment target was met, the study staff were looking at a number of ways of encouraging recruitment including the use of recruitment posters and fliers for patients to take away. The study team to send out a study appointment letter for the remaining study visits once the patient has had their screening visit and to thank them for taking part in the study. Letter from patient's clinician or GP inviting patient to take part in the study and to accompany Patient Information Sheet. New document: PULSOX instruction sheet. Patient Information Sheet updated. Recruitment section of the protocol updated to reflect the additional sources where patients will be recruited from and how they will be recruited.
    26 Oct 2016
    Removal of a need to collect sputum samples and conduct an exacerbation visit post baseline in the event of infective exacerbation (removal of observation of change in sputum microbiology as a secondary outcome) (protocol and PIS updated). Introduction of a "Consent to Contact Form" to maximise recruitment opportunities. Addition of a new poster (to enable the poster to be displayed electronically).

    Interruptions (globally)

    Were there any global interruptions to the trial? No

    Limitations and caveats

    Limitations of the trial such as small numbers of subjects analysed or technical problems leading to unreliable data.
    None reported
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    The status and protocol content of GB trials is no longer updated since 1 January 2021. For the UK, as of 31 January 2021, EU Law applies only to the territory of Northern Ireland (NI) to the extent foreseen in the Protocol on Ireland/NI. Legal notice
    As of 31 January 2023, all EU/EEA initial clinical trial applications must be submitted through CTIS . Updated EudraCT trials information and information on PIP/Art 46 trials conducted exclusively in third countries continues to be submitted through EudraCT and published on this website.

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