E.1 Medical condition or disease under investigation |
E.1.1 | Medical condition(s) being investigated |
Non-metastasized, adenocarcinoma of the pancreatic head/uncinate process or body of pancreas that was treated with extended pancreatic head/body resection larger than 2 cm in size (≥cT2) and/or in close contact with the mesenterico-portal axis and SMA (less than 3 mm). |
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E.1.1.1 | Medical condition in easily understood language |
Resectable, non-metastasized pancreatic adenocarcinoma |
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E.1.1.2 | Therapeutic area | Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment [E] - Therapeutic techniques [E02] |
MedDRA Classification |
E.1.2 Medical condition or disease under investigation |
E.1.2 | Version | 18.1 |
E.1.2 | Level | LLT |
E.1.2 | Classification code | 10033602 |
E.1.2 | Term | Pancreatic adenocarcinoma resectable |
E.1.2 | System Organ Class | 100000004864 |
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E.1.3 | Condition being studied is a rare disease | No |
E.2 Objective of the trial |
E.2.1 | Main objective of the trial |
Efficacy of neoadjuvant RCTx in improving 3-year survival probability from 30% in the control arm undergoing upfront surgery without neoadjuvant RCTx to 42% (relative increase of 40%) in the study arm undergoing RCTx. The underlying guess of a 30% 3-year survival probability in the control group derives from an assumed median overall survival (MOS) of 20.7 months which corresponds with a MOS of 17.9 months to 23.6 months reported in several randomized trials. |
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E.2.2 | Secondary objectives of the trial |
- Histology-proven R0 resection rate based on a standardized histopathological handling of the surgical specimen. - Frequency of moderate and severe toxicity events and drop-out rate due to therapy related toxicity (NCI Common Toxicity Criteria v2.0) - Resectability rate (Note: includes both R0 and R1 resection status) - Rate of unexpected intraoperative irregularities, operative time, blood transfusion requirement, postoperative morbidity rate, especially that of pancreatic fistula, and mortality rate - Rate of patients with severe postoperative complications (postop. recovery > 8 weeks) rendering adjuvant treatment worthless - Disease progression during neoadjuvant therapy - Quality of life analysis (EORTC QLQ C30 questionnaire) - Median disease-free survival (DFS, local and distant), overall survival (OS) - First site of tumor recurrence - Utility of 18F-FDG-PET/CT in refining preoperative staging accuracy and determining response to preoperative therapy |
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E.2.3 | Trial contains a sub-study | No |
E.3 | Principal inclusion criteria |
- Resectable adenocarcinoma of the pancreatic head/uncinate process or body of pancreas that was treated with extended pancreatic head/body resection with a tumor size greater 2 cm (≥cT2) and/or close contact to the superior mesenteric vessels (≤3 mm in preoperative staging). - Histology/cytology prove OR patients with CT graphical high-grade suspected adenocarcinoma of the pancreas, CA19-9 >100 U/ml, hyperbilirubinemia, B-symptoms and interdisciplinary decision for therapy - No evidence of metastasis to distant organs (liver, peritoneum, lung, others). - For determination of resectability, a multi-detector CT (MDCT) with at least 16 rows applying both oral and intravenous contrast media is performed. MDCT-based imaging focuses on the upper abdomen with native, arterial, and parenchyma phase, where the parenchyma phase should include the pelvis. Imaging criteria derived from the recent consensus definition of the Society of Surgical Oncology, the American Society of Clinical Oncology and the American Hepato-Pancreatico-Biliary Association are applied for preoperative assessment of local resectability. - Potential Resectability: visualizable fat plane around celiac and superior mesenteric arteries, and patent superior mesenteric/portal vein (SMV/PV). - Borderline Resectability: substantial superior mesenteric/portal vein impingement, tumor abutment on the SMA < 180°, GDA encasement up to the origin of the hepatic artery, or colonic/mesenteric root invasion. - Karnofsky performance status ≥ 80% - Serum creatinine level ≤ 3.0 mg/dl - Serum total bilirubin level ≤ 3.0 mg/dl in the absence of biliary obstruction (In the event of biliary obstruction, patients allocated to the CRT group must undergo interventional endoscopy or percutaneous drainage for biliary decompression. Post-interventionally, bilirubin levels should be ≤ 3.0 mg/dl before patients are subjected to CRT. In control patients undergoing upfront surgery, serum total bilirubin levels ≤ 10.0 mg/dl are tolerated, unless clinical and laboratory signs of severe cholangitis take place. Patients with serum total bilirubin level > 10.0 mg/dl undergo preoperative biliary decompression, preferentially by interventional endoscopy) - White blood cell count ≥ 3.5 x 109/ml, platelet count ≥ 100 x 109/ml - Ability to understand and willingness to consent to formal requirements for study participation - Written informed consent |
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E.4 | Principal exclusion criteria |
- Age ≤ 18 years - Neuroendocrine, acinar cancer - Cancers of the pancreatic body or tail (lesions left to the SMV) that were treatd with distal pancreatectomy - Recurrent disease - Infiltration of extrapancreatic organs (except duodenum and transverse colon) - Persistent cholestasis/cholangitis despite adequate biliary stenting -Gastric outlet obstruction, especially in the event of endoscopically evidenced tumor invasion into the gastroduodenal mucosa. - Tumor specific pre-treatment - History of gastrointestinal perforation, e.g. perforated colonic diverticulitis, abdominal abscess or intestinal fistula within 6 months prior to potential study participation - Radiographic evidence of severe portal hypertension/cavernomatous transformation that may, at the discretion of the participating investigators, hamper surgery - Other concurrent malignancies except for basal cell cancer of the skin and in-situ cervical cancer - Premalignant hematologic disorders, e.g. myelodysplastic syndrome - Severe organ dysfunctions (e.g. Liver cirrhosis ≥ Child B; Cardio-pulmonal diseases (NYHA ≥III, arrhythmia Lown III/IV, global respiratory insufficiency); Ascites; Acute pancreatitis; bleeding diathesis, coagulopathy, need for full-dose anticoagulation or INR > 1.5; other severe diseases that might prevent completion of the treatment regimen) - Chronic infectious diseases, especially immune deficiency syndromes, e.g. HIV infection, active tuberculosis within 12 months prior to potential study participation - History of severe neurologic disorders, e.g. cerebrovascular ischemia - History of prior deep venous thrombosis or pulmonary embolism - Pregnant or nursing women are ineligible and patients of reproductive potential must agree to use an effective contraceptive method during participation in this trial and for 6 months following the trial - Serious medical, psychological, familial, sociological or geographical conditions or circumstances potentially hampering compliance with the study protocol and follow-up - Participation in other clinical trials during the last 6 months before allocation to trial |
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E.5 End points |
E.5.1 | Primary end point(s) |
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E.5.1.1 | Timepoint(s) of evaluation of this end point |
From the date of randomization to death |
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E.5.2 | Secondary end point(s) |
- Histology-proven R0 resection rate based on a standardized histopathological handling of the surgical specimen. - Frequency of moderate and severe toxicity events and drop-out rate due to therapy related toxicity (NCI Common Toxicity Criteria v2.0) - Resectability rate (Note: includes both R0 and R1 resection status) - Rate of unexpected intraoperative irregularities, operative time, blood transfusion requirement, postoperative morbidity rate, especially that of pancreatic fistula, and mortality rate - Rate of patients with severe postoperative complications (postop. recovery > 8 weeks) rendering adjuvant treatment worthless - Disease progression during neoadjuvant therapy - Quality of life analysis (EORTC QLQ C30 questionnaire) - Median disease-free survival (DFS, local and distant), overall survival (OS) - First site of tumor recurrence - Utility of 18F-FDG-PET/CT in refining preoperative staging accuracy and determining response to preoperative therapy |
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E.5.2.1 | Timepoint(s) of evaluation of this end point |
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E.6 and E.7 Scope of the trial |
E.6 | Scope of the trial |
E.6.1 | Diagnosis | No |
E.6.2 | Prophylaxis | No |
E.6.3 | Therapy | Yes |
E.6.4 | Safety | Yes |
E.6.5 | Efficacy | Yes |
E.6.6 | Pharmacokinetic | No |
E.6.7 | Pharmacodynamic | No |
E.6.8 | Bioequivalence | No |
E.6.9 | Dose response | No |
E.6.10 | Pharmacogenetic | No |
E.6.11 | Pharmacogenomic | No |
E.6.12 | Pharmacoeconomic | No |
E.6.13 | Others | No |
E.7 | Trial type and phase |
E.7.1 | Human pharmacology (Phase I) | No |
E.7.1.1 | First administration to humans | No |
E.7.1.2 | Bioequivalence study | No |
E.7.1.3 | Other | No |
E.7.1.3.1 | Other trial type description | |
E.7.2 | Therapeutic exploratory (Phase II) | No |
E.7.3 | Therapeutic confirmatory (Phase III) | Yes |
E.7.4 | Therapeutic use (Phase IV) | No |
E.8 Design of the trial |
E.8.1 | Controlled | Yes |
E.8.1.1 | Randomised | Yes |
E.8.1.2 | Open | Yes |
E.8.1.3 | Single blind | No |
E.8.1.4 | Double blind | No |
E.8.1.5 | Parallel group | Yes |
E.8.1.6 | Cross over | No |
E.8.1.7 | Other | No |
E.8.2 | Comparator of controlled trial |
E.8.2.1 | Other medicinal product(s) | No |
E.8.2.2 | Placebo | No |
E.8.2.3 | Other | Yes |
E.8.2.3.1 | Comparator description |
Surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy (CTx) without neoadjuvant RCTx |
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E.8.2.4 | Number of treatment arms in the trial | 2 |
E.8.3 |
The trial involves single site in the Member State concerned
| No |
E.8.4 | The trial involves multiple sites in the Member State concerned | Yes |
E.8.4.1 | Number of sites anticipated in Member State concerned | 17 |
E.8.5 | The trial involves multiple Member States | No |
E.8.6 Trial involving sites outside the EEA |
E.8.6.1 | Trial being conducted both within and outside the EEA | No |
E.8.6.2 | Trial being conducted completely outside of the EEA | No |
E.8.7 | Trial has a data monitoring committee | Yes |
E.8.8 |
Definition of the end of the trial and justification where it is not the last
visit of the last subject undergoing the trial
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E.8.9 Initial estimate of the duration of the trial |
E.8.9.1 | In the Member State concerned years | 6 |
E.8.9.1 | In the Member State concerned months | 6 |
E.8.9.1 | In the Member State concerned days | |