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    Clinical Trial Results:
    Fibrinogen concentrate versus placebo for treatment of postpartum haemorrhage: a prospective double blind randomised control trial

    Summary
    EudraCT number
    2012-005511-11
    Trial protocol
    GB  
    Global end of trial date
    26 Nov 2015

    Results information
    Results version number
    v1(current)
    This version publication date
    29 Dec 2018
    First version publication date
    29 Dec 2018
    Other versions
    Summary report(s)
    BJA paper

    Trial information

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    Trial identification
    Sponsor protocol code
    SPON1155-12
    Additional study identifiers
    ISRCTN number
    ISRCTN46295339
    US NCT number
    -
    WHO universal trial number (UTN)
    -
    Sponsors
    Sponsor organisation name
    Cardiff University
    Sponsor organisation address
    Heath Park, Cardiff, United Kingdom, CF14 4YS
    Public contact
    Julia Townson, Centre for Trials Research (CTR, Cardiff University, 044 02920687606, townson@cf.ac.uk
    Scientific contact
    Julia Townson, Centre for Trials Research (CTR, Cardiff University, 044 02920687606, townson@cf.ac.uk
    Paediatric regulatory details
    Is trial part of an agreed paediatric investigation plan (PIP)
    No
    Does article 45 of REGULATION (EC) No 1901/2006 apply to this trial?
    No
    Does article 46 of REGULATION (EC) No 1901/2006 apply to this trial?
    No
    Results analysis stage
    Analysis stage
    Final
    Date of interim/final analysis
    26 Nov 2015
    Is this the analysis of the primary completion data?
    Yes
    Primary completion date
    26 Nov 2015
    Global end of trial reached?
    Yes
    Global end of trial date
    26 Nov 2015
    Was the trial ended prematurely?
    No
    General information about the trial
    Main objective of the trial
    This study aims to establish whether giving fibrinogen (one of the body's blood clotting factors and it plays an important role is forming a strong clot) to women who are bleeding during childbirth and who have a low fibrinogen, reduces blood loss and reduces the amount of blood transfusion that women require.
    Protection of trial subjects
    IDMC reviewed the accumulating data
    Background therapy
    -
    Evidence for comparator
    -
    Actual start date of recruitment
    01 May 2013
    Long term follow-up planned
    No
    Independent data monitoring committee (IDMC) involvement?
    Yes
    Population of trial subjects
    Number of subjects enrolled per country
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    United Kingdom: 57
    Worldwide total number of subjects
    57
    EEA total number of subjects
    57
    Number of subjects enrolled per age group
    In utero
    0
    Preterm newborn - gestational age < 37 wk
    0
    Newborns (0-27 days)
    0
    Infants and toddlers (28 days-23 months)
    0
    Children (2-11 years)
    0
    Adolescents (12-17 years)
    0
    Adults (18-64 years)
    57
    From 65 to 84 years
    0
    85 years and over
    0

    Subject disposition

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    Recruitment
    Recruitment details
    -

    Pre-assignment
    Screening details
    In order to recruit 57 women to the RCT, we estimated we would need to enrol 1050 into the observational study. However, we only needed 663 women to be recruited into the observational study to randomise 57 women.

    Period 1
    Period 1 title
    Baseline (overall period)
    Is this the baseline period?
    Yes
    Allocation method
    Randomised - controlled
    Blinding used
    Double blind
    Roles blinded
    Subject, Investigator, Monitor, Assessor

    Arms
    Are arms mutually exclusive
    Yes

    Arm title
    Placebo
    Arm description
    normal saline
    Arm type
    Placebo

    Investigational medicinal product name
    Saline
    Investigational medicinal product code
    Other name
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Solution for infusion
    Routes of administration
    Intravenous use
    Dosage and administration details
    Placebo will be 50 mL of normal saline for each 1 gm of fibrinogen. Black opaque syringes will also be supplied. Placebo treatment will be a blinded empty bottle (identical to the fibrinogen bottle) and 50ml normal saline in a diluent bottle.

    Arm title
    Fibrinogen
    Arm description
    fibrinogen concentrate
    Arm type
    Active comparator

    Investigational medicinal product name
    Fibrinogen
    Investigational medicinal product code
    Other name
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Infusion
    Routes of administration
    Intravenous bolus use
    Dosage and administration details
    The fibrinogen concentrate was supplied as vials of 1 gm per bottle by CSL Behring to St Mary's Pharmaceutical Unit (SMPU), Cardiff. Active treatment will be 1 gm fibrinogen concentrate as a lyophilised powder in a blinded bottle and 50ml sterile water for injection in a diluent bottle. The dose of fibrinogen/placebo will be rounded to use complete vials and the maximum dose of fibrinogen or placebo will not exceed 8 gm. A clinician, who is managing the major obstetric haemorrhage and trained in study procedures, will draw up and give the fibrinogen/placebo.

    Number of subjects in period 1 [1]
    Placebo Fibrinogen
    Started
    27
    28
    Completed
    27
    28
    Notes
    [1] - The number of subjects reported to be in the baseline period are not the same as the worldwide number enrolled in the trial. It is expected that these numbers will be the same.
    Justification: 2 subjects (1 in each arm) were enrolled but were ineligible and thus did not start treatment

    Baseline characteristics

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    Baseline characteristics reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Placebo
    Reporting group description
    normal saline

    Reporting group title
    Fibrinogen
    Reporting group description
    fibrinogen concentrate

    Reporting group values
    Placebo Fibrinogen Total
    Number of subjects
    27 28 55
    Age categorical
    Age at recruitment
    Units: Subjects
        In utero
    0 0 0
        Preterm newborn infants (gestational age < 37 wks)
    0 0 0
        Newborns (0-27 days)
    0 0 0
        Infants and toddlers (28 days-23 months)
    0 0 0
        Children (2-11 years)
    0 0 0
        Adolescents (12-17 years)
    0 0 0
        Adults (18-64 years)
    27 28 55
        From 65-84 years
    0 0 0
        85 years and over
    0 0 0
    Age continuous
    Age at recruitment
    Units: years
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    33.5 ( 6.37 ) 30.8 ( 5.45 ) -
    Gender categorical
    Units: Subjects
        Female
    27 28 55
        Male
    0 0 0

    End points

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    End points reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Placebo
    Reporting group description
    normal saline

    Reporting group title
    Fibrinogen
    Reporting group description
    fibrinogen concentrate

    Primary: number of allogeneic blood products (RBC, FFP, cryoprecipitate, platelets) infused after study medication until hospital discharge

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    End point title
    number of allogeneic blood products (RBC, FFP, cryoprecipitate, platelets) infused after study medication until hospital discharge
    End point description
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    after study medication under hospital discharge
    End point values
    Placebo Fibrinogen
    Number of subjects analysed
    27
    28
    Units: Number of allogeneic units
        number (not applicable)
    75
    58
    Statistical analysis title
    Negative binomial regression model
    Comparison groups
    Fibrinogen v Placebo
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    55
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    = 0.45
    Method
    Negative Binomial regression
    Parameter type
    Incidence rate ratio
    Point estimate
    0.72
    Confidence interval
         level
    95%
         sides
    2-sided
         lower limit
    0.3
         upper limit
    1.7

    Secondary: Number of units of red blood cells (RBC) transfusions

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    End point title
    Number of units of red blood cells (RBC) transfusions
    End point description
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    study medication to date of discharge
    End point values
    Placebo Fibrinogen
    Number of subjects analysed
    27
    28
    Units: Units
    38
    37
    Statistical analysis title
    Number of RBC transfusions (units)
    Statistical analysis description
    Incidence rate ratio (IRR) of the fibrinogen arm compared with placebo arm for the number of RBC units transfused. An IRR <1 indicating a higher incidence rate of transfusions in placebo compared with the fibrinogen arm and an IRR >1 indicating a higher incidence rate of transfusions in the fibrinogen arm compared with the placebo.
    Comparison groups
    Placebo v Fibrinogen
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    55
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    = 0.88
    Method
    Negative binomial regression model
    Parameter type
    Incidence rate ratio
    Point estimate
    0.92
    Confidence interval
         level
    95%
         sides
    2-sided
         lower limit
    0.32
         upper limit
    2.67

    Secondary: Number of Fresh Frozen Plasma (FFP) units transfused

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    End point title
    Number of Fresh Frozen Plasma (FFP) units transfused
    End point description
    Incidence rate ratio (IRR) of the fibrinogen arm compared with placebo arm for the number of FFP units transfused. An IRR <1 indicating a higher incidence rate of transfusions in placebo compared with the fibrinogen arm and an IRR >1 indicating a higher incidence rate of transfusions in the fibrinogen arm compared with the placebo.
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    study medication to date of discharge
    End point values
    Placebo Fibrinogen
    Number of subjects analysed
    27
    28
    Units: Units
    33
    18
    Statistical analysis title
    Number of FFP units transfused
    Comparison groups
    Placebo v Fibrinogen
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    55
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    = 0.37
    Method
    Negative Binomial regression model
    Parameter type
    Incidence rate ratio
    Point estimate
    0.53
    Confidence interval
         level
    95%
         sides
    2-sided
         lower limit
    0.13
         upper limit
    2.16

    Secondary: Measured abnormal blood loss (ml)

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    End point title
    Measured abnormal blood loss (ml)
    End point description
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    within 24 hours of study medication
    End point values
    Placebo Fibrinogen
    Number of subjects analysed
    27
    28
    Units: ml
        median (inter-quartile range (Q1-Q3))
    300 (60 to 800)
    225 (100 to 341.25)
    Statistical analysis title
    Measured abnormal blood loss
    Statistical analysis description
    Data were log transformed due to skewed distribution. The estimate should be interpreted as a ratio of logs (fibrinogen:placebo) rather than a difference
    Comparison groups
    Placebo v Fibrinogen
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    55
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    = 0.66
    Method
    Regression, Linear
    Parameter type
    ratio of logs
    Point estimate
    -0.25
    Confidence interval
         level
    95%
         sides
    2-sided
         lower limit
    -1.35
         upper limit
    0.85

    Secondary: Invasive procedures

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    End point title
    Invasive procedures
    End point description
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    within 24 hours of study medication
    End point values
    Placebo Fibrinogen
    Number of subjects analysed
    27
    28
    Units: number
    5
    4
    Statistical analysis title
    Number of women with invasive procedures
    Comparison groups
    Fibrinogen v Placebo
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    55
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    = 0.67
    Method
    Regression, Logistic
    Parameter type
    Odds ratio (OR)
    Point estimate
    0.73
    Confidence interval
         level
    95%
         sides
    2-sided
         lower limit
    0.17
         upper limit
    3.08

    Secondary: Level 2 care

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    End point title
    Level 2 care
    End point description
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    from study medication to date of discharge
    End point values
    Placebo Fibrinogen
    Number of subjects analysed
    27
    28
    Units: Number of women
    24
    27
    Statistical analysis title
    Level 2 care
    Comparison groups
    Placebo v Fibrinogen
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    55
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    = 0.31
    Method
    Regression, Logistic
    Parameter type
    Odds ratio (OR)
    Point estimate
    3.38
    Confidence interval
         level
    95%
         sides
    2-sided
         lower limit
    0.33
         upper limit
    34.65

    Secondary: Number of women ever breastfed

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    End point title
    Number of women ever breastfed
    End point description
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    6 weeks post partum
    End point values
    Placebo Fibrinogen
    Number of subjects analysed
    27
    28
    Units: number of women
    19
    17
    Statistical analysis title
    Ever breastfed
    Comparison groups
    Fibrinogen v Placebo
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    55
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    = 0.38
    Method
    Regression, Logistic
    Parameter type
    Odds ratio (OR)
    Point estimate
    0.56
    Confidence interval
         level
    95%
         sides
    2-sided
         lower limit
    0.15
         upper limit
    2.04

    Adverse events

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    Adverse events information [1]
    Timeframe for reporting adverse events
    All serious adverse events were reported following randomisation up until 6 weeks.
    Assessment type
    Systematic
    Dictionary used for adverse event reporting
    Dictionary name
    MedDRA
    Dictionary version
    10.0
    Reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Placebo
    Reporting group description
    normal saline

    Reporting group title
    Fibrinogen
    Reporting group description
    fibrinogen concentrate

    Notes
    [1] - There are no non-serious adverse events recorded for these results. It is expected that there will be at least one non-serious adverse event reported.
    Justification: There were no non-serious adverse events recorded for these results
    Serious adverse events
    Placebo Fibrinogen
    Total subjects affected by serious adverse events
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 27 (0.00%)
    9 / 28 (32.14%)
         number of deaths (all causes)
    0
    0
         number of deaths resulting from adverse events
    0
    0
    Pregnancy, puerperium and perinatal conditions
    Postpartum haemorrhage
    Additional description: Reported as ESUSAR reference number 213230038001-00097031
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 27 (0.00%)
    1 / 28 (3.57%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    1 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Postpartum thrombosis
    Additional description: Labour induced 20/09/13. On 30th September 2013 the participant arrived in medical assessment unit, she complained of 5 days of shortness of breath, with a cough and chest pain. A CT revealed she had a thrombosis of the right ovarian vein.
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 27 (0.00%)
    1 / 28 (3.57%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    1 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Postpartum disorder
    Additional description: Developed shortness of breath and pulmonary oedema whilst FFP was being administered.
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 27 (0.00%)
    1 / 28 (3.57%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    1 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Pre-eclampsia
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 27 (0.00%)
    1 / 28 (3.57%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    1 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Abdominal pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 27 (0.00%)
    1 / 28 (3.57%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    1 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Uterine infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 27 (0.00%)
    1 / 28 (3.57%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    1 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Oedema
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 27 (0.00%)
    1 / 28 (3.57%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    1 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    hospital admission
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 27 (0.00%)
    1 / 28 (3.57%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    1 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Endometritis
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 27 (0.00%)
    1 / 28 (3.57%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    1 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Frequency threshold for reporting non-serious adverse events: 0%
    Non-serious adverse events
    Placebo Fibrinogen
    Total subjects affected by non serious adverse events
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 27 (0.00%)
    0 / 28 (0.00%)

    More information

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    Substantial protocol amendments (globally)

    Were there any global substantial amendments to the protocol? Yes
    Date
    Amendment
    19 Apr 2013
    Allow infusion of fibrinogen at any rate at the discretion of the clinician. Clearly state that FFP can be given as soon as it arrives. State that the IDMC will meet after fewer patients have been randomised. The IDMC will also be asked to focus on thrombotic episodes and infusion reactions.
    25 Apr 2013
    The use of A5 instead of MCF to enter the interventional phase. The primary and secondary outcomes. Originally the primary outcome was 'Total number of allogeneic blood products transfused within 24 hours after study medication'. This has now been changed to 'Total number of allogeneic blood products transfused after study medication until discharge' A FIBTEM test at 24 hours has been added. Data is collected electronically as oppose to paper based. In the event death: the unblinding procedure has now been changed; approval has to be sought from SEWTU prior to carrying out unblinding Intention to Treat (ITT) added to statistical section. Additional FIBTEM and coagulation screen will be taken at 24 hours after the study medication. Minor wording change in section 8.2 exclusion criteria, “stated” is changed to “documented”. Wording change section 11 withdrawal and loss to follow-up. “The patient may withdraw or be withdrawn from the observational phase and do not proceed to the interventional phase” The following sentence has been removed “If placenta accreta is diagnosed during the surgery, the patient will not be included in the efficacy analysis. Section 14.2: Previous PPH has been added to the list of data to be collected in the study and to the CRF
    01 Aug 2013
    Substantial amendment/clarification to the inclusion criteria: Women can be included in the observational phase before delivery but cannot be randomised in the interventional phase until after delivery. For ease of use Fibrinogen concentrate to treat postpartum haemorrhage is referred to as OBS2 (Obstetrics Bleeding Study 2) Addition of co-investigators and change in some of trial team’s details.
    27 Aug 2013
    Secondary outcomes clarified: 1) The total number of units of red blood cells, FFP, platelets and cryoprecipitate transfused within 24 hours after study medication. The volume of cell salvaged blood transfused within 24 hours and until discharge (250 mL cell salvaged blood will be considered equivalent to 1 unit of red blood cells.) The total number of units of red blood cells, FFP, platelets and cryoprecipitate plus 1 unit for every 250 mL cell salvage transfused within 24 hours after study medication and until discharge Change definitions of invasive procedures. 2)Withhold FFP if bleeding stopping 3) Inclusion criteria. Gestation ≥24+0 weeks 4) Informed consent. If the woman has received the antenatal leaflet but didn’t indicate whether should would wish to participate in the study or not, she may be approached to enter the study. 5) Tranexamic acid may be infused at any time during the observational phase according to the treating clinicians’ discretion. 6) Allocation of study medication. If, in the opinion of the treating clinician, it would not be safe to administer placebo at the time of randomisation, the woman will not enter the interventional phase but will be treated at the discretion of the clinician. This may include the use of fibrinogen concentrate from routine stocks. All data will continue to be collected and the reason for not randomising will be recorded. 7) Unblinding in the event of death or adverse event. Unblinding can be done through the OBS2 online database. 8) Study treatments. The study centres can request an appropriate number of study medication pack when the study medication level reaches 3 study medication packs. 9) Pre-medication. Tranexamic acid should be given before or as soon as practical after study treatment. 10) SAEs reporting to CSL (within 24 hours of the sponsor being made aware of them). 11) Flow chart for adverse event reporting procedure has been amended.
    14 Nov 2013
    Pharmacovigilance: -Day zero is defined as the day an SAE form is received at SEWTU. -The assignment of the causality should be made by the Investigator responsible for the care of the participant. The Chief Investigator (Clinical Reviewer Delegate) will also be responsible for making an assessment of causality. -The assessment of whether or not an adverse reaction is an expected reaction from the administration of the IMP will be provided by the Chief Investigator (or Clinical Reviewer Delegate), it will not be provided by the Investigator responsible for the care of the participant. - The responsible investigator should sign the causality of the event. No assessment of expectedness will be provided by the Investigator responsible for the care of the participant.
    17 Dec 2013
    Further information has been provided by the manufacturer (CSL Behring) in relation to temperature storage of IMP. Hence section 12.1 has been amended: Fibrinogen concentrate and placebo in study packs will be stored according to manufacturer’s instructions (Investigator’s Brochure 2011 & communication with CSL Behring, December 2013).
    17 Dec 2013
    Further information has been provided by the manufacturer (CSL Behring) in relation to temperature storage of IMP. Hence section 12.1 has been amended: Fibrinogen concentrate and placebo in study packs will be stored according to manufacturer’s instructions (Investigator’s Brochure 2011 & communication with CSL Behring, December 2013).
    14 Apr 2014
    -Number of participants in the observational arm amended to approximately 450 women. -Minor amendments to section 15.2 (sample size). -Withdrawal: form completed on the online database -6 week follow-up: telephone or face to face
    15 Aug 2014
    -SAE: form completed on the online database -Contingency plan in the event of a system failure (online database) -Procedure to obtain outcome data in the event of non-contact at 6 weeks (interventional phase)
    26 Sep 2014
    -Planned trial period changed to December 2014 (was September 2014) - Section 12.1: Minimum and maximum temperature will be monitored weekly (was daily
    05 Mar 2015
    -Planned trial period changed to October 2015 (was December 2014). - Minimum stock level at sites changed to 2 IMP packs - Adding an expression of interest form to ask participants whether they would be interested in taking part in other studies related to post-partum haemorrhage, including their experience in the Obstetrics Bleeding Study (OBS2).
    23 Nov 2015
    -Planned trial period changed to October 2016 (was December 2014). - Inclusion of a qualitative sub-study to explore participants, legal representatives and health professionals’ experiences and attitudes towards the consent process in the Obstetric Bleeding Study (OBS2).

    Interruptions (globally)

    Were there any global interruptions to the trial? No

    Limitations and caveats

    Limitations of the trial such as small numbers of subjects analysed or technical problems leading to unreliable data.
    None reported
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    The status and protocol content of GB trials is no longer updated since 1 January 2021. For the UK, as of 31 January 2021, EU Law applies only to the territory of Northern Ireland (NI) to the extent foreseen in the Protocol on Ireland/NI. Legal notice
    As of 31 January 2023, all EU/EEA initial clinical trial applications must be submitted through CTIS . Updated EudraCT trials information and information on PIP/Art 46 trials conducted exclusively in third countries continues to be submitted through EudraCT and published on this website.

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