Clinical Trial Results:
A Randomised, Double Blind Study to Compare the Complete Remission Rate Following a 5-Week Course of Selumetinib or Placebo and Single Dose Adjuvant Radioactive Iodine Therapy in Patients with Differentiated Thyroid Cancer
Summary
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EudraCT number |
2013-000423-14 |
Trial protocol |
SE DE IT FR DK |
Global end of trial date |
06 Mar 2019
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Results information
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Results version number |
v1(current) |
This version publication date |
15 Aug 2019
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First version publication date |
15 Aug 2019
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Other versions |
Trial Information
Subject Disposition
Baseline Characteristics
End Points
Adverse Events
More Information
Subject Disposition
Baseline Characteristics
End Points
Adverse Events
More Information
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Trial identification
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Sponsor protocol code |
D1532C00065
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Additional study identifiers
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ISRCTN number |
- | ||
US NCT number |
NCT01843062 | ||
WHO universal trial number (UTN) |
- | ||
Sponsors
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Sponsor organisation name |
AstraZeneca AB
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Sponsor organisation address |
Research and Development, Södertälje, Sweden, SE-151 85
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Public contact |
Global Clinical Lead, AstraZeneca, ClinicalTrialTransparency@astrazeneca.com
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Scientific contact |
Global Clinical Lead, AstraZeneca, ClinicalTrialTransparency@astrazeneca.com
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Paediatric regulatory details
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Is trial part of an agreed paediatric investigation plan (PIP) |
No
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Does article 45 of REGULATION (EC) No 1901/2006 apply to this trial? |
No
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Does article 46 of REGULATION (EC) No 1901/2006 apply to this trial? |
No
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Results analysis stage
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Analysis stage |
Final
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Date of interim/final analysis |
06 Mar 2019
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Is this the analysis of the primary completion data? |
Yes
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Primary completion date |
18 May 2018
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Global end of trial reached? |
Yes
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Global end of trial date |
06 Mar 2019
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Was the trial ended prematurely? |
Yes
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General information about the trial
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Main objective of the trial |
To compare the efficacy of selumetinib (75 milligrams [mg], orally, twice daily [BD]) in combination with adjuvant radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy, versus placebo and adjuvant RAI therapy, by assessment of complete remission rate at 18 months post-RAI treatment.
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Protection of trial subjects |
This study was performed in accordance with the ethical principles that have their origin in the
Declaration of Helsinki and that are consistent with International Council for Harmonisation/Good Clinical Practice, applicable regulatory requirements, and the AstraZeneca policy on Bioethics.
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Background therapy |
- | ||
Evidence for comparator |
- | ||
Actual start date of recruitment |
27 Aug 2013
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Long term follow-up planned |
No
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Independent data monitoring committee (IDMC) involvement? |
No
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Population of trial subjects
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Number of subjects enrolled per country |
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Country: Number of subjects enrolled |
Brazil: 34
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Country: Number of subjects enrolled |
Denmark: 11
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Country: Number of subjects enrolled |
France: 24
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Country: Number of subjects enrolled |
Germany: 12
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Country: Number of subjects enrolled |
Italy: 30
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Country: Number of subjects enrolled |
Poland: 21
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Country: Number of subjects enrolled |
Sweden: 26
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Country: Number of subjects enrolled |
United States: 75
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Worldwide total number of subjects |
233
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EEA total number of subjects |
124
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Number of subjects enrolled per age group |
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In utero |
0
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Preterm newborn - gestational age < 37 wk |
0
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Newborns (0-27 days) |
0
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Infants and toddlers (28 days-23 months) |
0
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Children (2-11 years) |
0
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Adolescents (12-17 years) |
0
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Adults (18-64 years) |
203
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From 65 to 84 years |
30
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85 years and over |
0
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Recruitment
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Recruitment details |
Study conducted between 27 Aug 2013 and 06 Mar 2019. 42 centres in 8 countries randomised patients in the study. A primary analysis was performed for the 18 months post-RAI treatment period with a data cut-off of 18 May 2018. All primary and secondary outcome measures were reported at the time of the primary analysis. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pre-assignment
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Screening details |
Eligible patients with differentiated thyroid cancer at high risk of primary treatment failure were randomly assigned (ratio 2:1), to receive selumetinib or placebo for approximately 5 weeks. All patients also received adjuvant RAI therapy (100 millicuries [mCi] single oral dose) and recombinant human thyroid stimulating hormone (rhTSH) injections. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Period 1
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Period 1 title |
Overall Study (overall period)
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Is this the baseline period? |
Yes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Allocation method |
Randomised - controlled
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Blinding used |
Double blind | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Roles blinded |
Subject, Investigator, Monitor, Carer | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Blinding implementation details |
The active and placebo capsules appeared identical and were presented in the same packaging to ensure blinding of the medication. All patients remained blinded until after the 18 months primary endpoint data analysis had been conducted.
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Arms
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Are arms mutually exclusive |
Yes
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Arm title
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Selumetinib 75 mg BD + RAI | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Arm description |
Patients received selumetinib (75 mg, orally, BD), for a period of approximately 5 weeks. Selumetinib was to be started approximately 4 weeks prior to the planned day of RAI therapy administered as a single oral dose of 100 mCi. To stimulate iodide uptake, patients received a rhTSH injection for each of the 2 days immediately prior to RAI therapy. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Arm type |
Experimental | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Investigational medicinal product name |
Selumetinib
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Investigational medicinal product code |
AZD6244
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Other name |
Selumetinib hydrogen sulphate, AZD6244 Hyd-Sulfate
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Pharmaceutical forms |
Capsule
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Routes of administration |
Oral use
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Dosage and administration details |
3 capsules of 25 mg strength, orally BD, for approximately 5 weeks treatment period.
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Arm title
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Placebo + RAI | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Arm description |
Patients received placebo capsules (to match selumetinib, orally BD), for a period of approximately 5 weeks. Placebo was to be started approximately 4 weeks prior to the planned day of RAI therapy administered as a single oral dose of 100 mCi. To stimulate iodide uptake, patients received a rhTSH injection for each of the 2 days immediately prior to RAI therapy. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Arm type |
Placebo | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Investigational medicinal product name |
Placebo
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Investigational medicinal product code |
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Other name |
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Pharmaceutical forms |
Capsule
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Routes of administration |
Oral use
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Dosage and administration details |
3 capsules of placebo to match selumetinib, orally BD, for approximately 5 weeks treatment period.
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Notes [1] - The number of subjects at this milestone seems inconsistent with the number of subjects in the arm. It is expected that the number of subjects will be greater than, or equal to the number that completed, minus those who left. Justification: This represents the number of subjects included in the BRAF/NRAS mutation positive analysis set and should therefore be viewed as a subgroup analysis set, as opposed to an intermediate milestone. [2] - The number of subjects at this milestone seems inconsistent with the number of subjects in the arm. It is expected that the number of subjects will be greater than, or equal to the number that completed, minus those who left. Justification: This represents the number of subjects included in the BRAF/NRAS mutation positive analysis set and should therefore be viewed as a subgroup analysis set, as opposed to an intermediate milestone. |
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Baseline characteristics reporting groups
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Reporting group title |
Selumetinib 75 mg BD + RAI
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Reporting group description |
Patients received selumetinib (75 mg, orally, BD), for a period of approximately 5 weeks. Selumetinib was to be started approximately 4 weeks prior to the planned day of RAI therapy administered as a single oral dose of 100 mCi. To stimulate iodide uptake, patients received a rhTSH injection for each of the 2 days immediately prior to RAI therapy. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Reporting group title |
Placebo + RAI
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Reporting group description |
Patients received placebo capsules (to match selumetinib, orally BD), for a period of approximately 5 weeks. Placebo was to be started approximately 4 weeks prior to the planned day of RAI therapy administered as a single oral dose of 100 mCi. To stimulate iodide uptake, patients received a rhTSH injection for each of the 2 days immediately prior to RAI therapy. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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End points reporting groups
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Reporting group title |
Selumetinib 75 mg BD + RAI
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Reporting group description |
Patients received selumetinib (75 mg, orally, BD), for a period of approximately 5 weeks. Selumetinib was to be started approximately 4 weeks prior to the planned day of RAI therapy administered as a single oral dose of 100 mCi. To stimulate iodide uptake, patients received a rhTSH injection for each of the 2 days immediately prior to RAI therapy. | ||
Reporting group title |
Placebo + RAI
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Reporting group description |
Patients received placebo capsules (to match selumetinib, orally BD), for a period of approximately 5 weeks. Placebo was to be started approximately 4 weeks prior to the planned day of RAI therapy administered as a single oral dose of 100 mCi. To stimulate iodide uptake, patients received a rhTSH injection for each of the 2 days immediately prior to RAI therapy. |
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End point title |
Complete remission rate (expressed as percentage of patients in complete remission) at 18 months post-RAI treatment; ITT analysis set | ||||||||||||
End point description |
Patients were defined to be in complete remission if all of the following criteria were demonstrated: 1. Serum thyroglobulin (Tg) levels <1 nanograms / millilitre (ng/mL) during rhTSH stimulation, in the absence of interfering Tg antibodies, as assessed by standardised central laboratory analysis. 2. No confirmed evidence of thyroid cancer on neck ultrasound, as assessed by investigator site review. 3. No confirmed radiological evidence of thyroid cancer, as assessed by blinded independent central review. 4. No histopathological evidence of thyroid cancer on fine needle aspiration (FNA)/biopsy when performed, as assessed by investigator site review. 5. No further thyroid cancer therapy was administered in the first 18 months following the initial RAI treatment.
Analysis performed on the ITT analysis set which included all randomised patients. Patients who were randomised but did not subsequently go on to receive selumetinib/placebo were included in the ITT analysis set.
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End point type |
Primary
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End point timeframe |
At 18 months post-RAI treatment
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Statistical analysis title |
Complete remission rate: ITT set | ||||||||||||
Statistical analysis description |
Selumetinib in combination with RAI was compared with placebo in combination with RAI. The analysis was performed using a logistic regression model including treatment as the only covariate. An odds ratio >1 favours selumetinib in combination with RAI.
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Comparison groups |
Selumetinib 75 mg BD + RAI v Placebo + RAI
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Number of subjects included in analysis |
233
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Analysis specification |
Pre-specified
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Analysis type |
superiority | ||||||||||||
P-value |
= 0.8205 [1] | ||||||||||||
Method |
Regression, Logistic | ||||||||||||
Parameter type |
Odds ratio (OR) | ||||||||||||
Point estimate |
1.07
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Confidence interval |
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level |
95% | ||||||||||||
sides |
2-sided
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lower limit |
0.61 | ||||||||||||
upper limit |
1.87 | ||||||||||||
Notes [1] - The primary endpoint was to be considered statistically significant if the 2-sided p-value was less than 0.05. P-value and confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using profile likelihood. |
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End point title |
Complete remission rate (expressed as percentage of patients in complete remission) at 18 months post-RAI treatment; subgroup analysis BRAF/NRAS mutation positive | ||||||||||||
End point description |
Patients were defined to be in complete remission if all of the following criteria were demonstrated: 1. Serum Tg levels <1 ng/mL during rhTSH stimulation, in the absence of interfering Tg antibodies, as assessed by standardised central laboratory analysis. 2. No confirmed evidence of thyroid cancer on neck ultrasound, as assessed by investigator site review. 3. No confirmed radiological evidence of thyroid cancer, as assessed by blinded independent central review. 4. No histopathological evidence of thyroid cancer FNA/biopsy when performed, as assessed by investigator site review. 5. No further thyroid cancer therapy was administered in the first 18 months following the initial RAI treatment.
Analysis performed on the BRAF/NRAS mutation positive analysis set which included only those patients from the ITT population whose tumour samples were mutation positive for the oncogenes BRAF or NRAS.
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End point type |
Secondary
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End point timeframe |
At 18 months post-RAI treatment
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Statistical analysis title |
Complete remission rate: BRAF/NRAS positive set | ||||||||||||
Statistical analysis description |
Selumetinib in combination with RAI was compared with placebo in combination with RAI. The analysis was performed using a logistic regression model including treatment as the only covariate. An odds ratio >1 favours selumetinib in combination with RAI.
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Comparison groups |
Selumetinib 75 mg BD + RAI v Placebo + RAI
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Number of subjects included in analysis |
142
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Analysis specification |
Pre-specified
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Analysis type |
superiority | ||||||||||||
P-value |
= 0.6549 [2] | ||||||||||||
Method |
Regression, Logistic | ||||||||||||
Parameter type |
Odds ratio (OR) | ||||||||||||
Point estimate |
0.85
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Confidence interval |
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level |
95% | ||||||||||||
sides |
2-sided
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lower limit |
0.42 | ||||||||||||
upper limit |
1.73 | ||||||||||||
Notes [2] - P-value and CIs were calculated using profile likelihood. |
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End point title |
Clinical remission rate (expressed as percentage of patients in clinical remission) at 18 months post-RAI treatment; ITT analysis set | ||||||||||||
End point description |
Patients were defined to be in clinical remission if all of the following criteria were demonstrated: 1. Serum Tg levels <1 ng/mL during rhTSH stimulation, in the absence of interfering Tg antibodies, as assessed by standardised central laboratory analysis. 2. No confirmed evidence of thyroid cancer on neck ultrasound, as assessed by investigator site review. 3. No evidence of thyroid cancer on diagnostic whole body scan (WBS), as assessed by blinded independent central review. 4. No histopathological evidence of thyroid cancer on FNA/biopsy when performed to clarify equivocal ultrasound findings, as assessed by investigator site review. 5. No further thyroid cancer therapy was administered in the first 18 months following the initial RAI treatment.
Analysis performed on the ITT analysis set which included all randomised patients. Patients who were randomised but did not subsequently go on to receive selumetinib/placebo were included in the ITT analysis set.
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End point type |
Secondary
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End point timeframe |
At 18 months post-RAI treatment
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Statistical analysis title |
Clinical remission rate: ITT set | ||||||||||||
Statistical analysis description |
Selumetinib in combination with RAI was compared with placebo in combination with RAI. The analysis was performed using a logistic regression model including treatment as the only covariate. An odds ratio >1 favours selumetinib in combination with RAI.
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Comparison groups |
Selumetinib 75 mg BD + RAI v Placebo + RAI
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Number of subjects included in analysis |
233
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Analysis specification |
Pre-specified
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Analysis type |
superiority | ||||||||||||
P-value |
= 0.8205 [3] | ||||||||||||
Method |
Regression, Logistic | ||||||||||||
Parameter type |
Odds ratio (OR) | ||||||||||||
Point estimate |
1.07
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Confidence interval |
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level |
95% | ||||||||||||
sides |
2-sided
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lower limit |
0.61 | ||||||||||||
upper limit |
1.87 | ||||||||||||
Notes [3] - P-value and CIs were calculated using profile likelihood. |
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End point title |
Clinical remission rate (expressed as percentage of patients in clinical remission) at 18 months post-RAI treatment; subgroup analysis BRAF/NRAS mutation positive | ||||||||||||
End point description |
Patients were defined to be in clinical remission if all of the following criteria were demonstrated: 1. Serum Tg levels <1 ng/mL during rhTSH stimulation, in the absence of interfering Tg antibodies, as assessed by standardised central laboratory analysis. 2. No confirmed evidence of thyroid cancer on neck ultrasound, as assessed by investigator site review. 3. No evidence of thyroid cancer on diagnostic WBS, as assessed by blinded independent central review. 4. No histopathological evidence of thyroid cancer on FNA/biopsy when performed to clarify equivocal ultrasound findings, as assessed by investigator site review. 5. No further thyroid cancer therapy was administered in the first 18 months following the initial RAI treatment.
Analysis performed on the BRAF/NRAS mutation positive analysis set which included only those patients from the ITT population whose tumour samples were mutation positive for the oncogenes BRAF or NRAS.
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End point type |
Secondary
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End point timeframe |
At 18 months post-RAI treatment
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Statistical analysis title |
Clinical remission rate: BRAF/NRAS positive set | ||||||||||||
Statistical analysis description |
Selumetinib in combination with RAI was compared with placebo in combination with RAI. The analysis was performed using a logistic regression model including treatment as the only covariate. An odds ratio >1 favours selumetinib in combination with RAI.
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Comparison groups |
Selumetinib 75 mg BD + RAI v Placebo + RAI
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Number of subjects included in analysis |
142
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Analysis specification |
Pre-specified
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Analysis type |
superiority | ||||||||||||
P-value |
= 0.6549 [4] | ||||||||||||
Method |
Regression, Logistic | ||||||||||||
Parameter type |
Odds ratio (OR) | ||||||||||||
Point estimate |
0.85
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Confidence interval |
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level |
95% | ||||||||||||
sides |
2-sided
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lower limit |
0.42 | ||||||||||||
upper limit |
1.73 | ||||||||||||
Notes [4] - P-value and CIs were calculated using profile likelihood. |
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Adverse events information
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Timeframe for reporting adverse events |
Includes adverse events (AEs) with an onset date on or after the date of first dose and up to and including 30 days following the date of last dose of selumetinib/placebo. Overall timeframe for collection of AEs was up to 66 days from the first dose.
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Adverse event reporting additional description |
Deaths (all causes) is reported for the ITT analysis set for the overall study period. Serious and Non-serious) AE data is reported for the safety analysis set (including all patients who received at least 1 dose of randomised treatment) for the 5-week treatment period plus 30-day follow-up phase.
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Assessment type |
Systematic | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dictionary used for adverse event reporting
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Dictionary name |
MedDRA | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dictionary version |
21.1
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Reporting groups
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Reporting group title |
Selumetinib 75mg BID
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Reporting group description |
Description (Arm-group) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Reporting group title |
Placebo 75mg BID
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Reporting group description |
Description (Arm-group) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Frequency threshold for reporting non-serious adverse events: 5% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Substantial protocol amendments (globally) |
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Were there any global substantial amendments to the protocol? Yes | |||
Date |
Amendment |
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03 Apr 2013 |
• Additional safety assessments were added and blood volumes for clinical chemistry and haematology assessments were increased accordingly (Food and Drug Administration [FDA] request).
• Inclusion criterion 13 was updated (clarification).
• Text added to specify that all adverse events were to be graded according to National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events Version 4 (clarification at FDA request).
• BRAF/NRAS mutation status definitions were added (clarification).
• Haematoxylin and eosin stained sections were to be prepared by the central laboratory (to ensure sample processing consistency). |
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15 Jul 2013 |
• Primary and secondary objectives were updated (FDA comments): efficacy in the genetic subgroup population of BRAF or NRAS mutation positive patients was considered a secondary objective (previously a co primary objective). It was also clarified that complete remission rate and clinical remission rate at 18 months were to be assessed in the ITT study population. Text describing the analysis of the primary endpoint was updated accordingly and further details of sensitivity analyses were added. Description of the Dunnett and Tamhane step-up procedure was removed as this was no longer applicable.
• Exclusion criterion 7 was added (FDA request).
• Text was added to clarify that archival tumour analyses may have included, but were not limited to, BRAF V600E and NRAS Q61R, Q61K and Q61L (FDA comments).
• It was clarified that randomisation of 228 patients in a 2:1 ratio was expected to provide at least 80% power to show statistical significance for the primary endpoint (FDA comments). |
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01 Jul 2014 |
• The treatment plan was updated to clarify that if a patient suspended study drug (selumetinib or placebo) treatment for more than 14 days, they were no longer eligible to re-start treatment (to provide clear instruction on allowed study drug interruption).
• It was clarified that the visit window for Visit 4, RAI treatment dose administration (Visit 5) and Visit 6 was +1 week (clarification).
• Inclusion criterion 14 was updated (to specify the time frame for adequate organ function assessment).
• Exclusion criteria 4, 10 and 22 were updated (to allow patient rescreening, enrolment of patients without external beam radiation therapy in the 6 months before randomisation and to specify the time frame for assessment of blood pressure and adequate organ function).
• The maximum daily dose of vitamin E received from selumetinib/placebo was increased to 261.6 mg/day (new calculation).
• Text added to allow re-screening.
• Instructions on handling patients who had discontinued selumetinib/placebo were updated.
• It was clarified that assessment of the percentage uptake in the thyroid bed was to be assessed by the local investigator site according to local clinical practice (to reflect the current situation in clinical practice).
• Plasma clinical chemistry assessments and leucocyte differential count as a percentage were added (to allow local laboratories to perform clinical chemistry assessments in plasma).
• Guidance for the management of visual symptoms was updated (retinal pigment epithelial detachment added).
• Guidance for the management of patients with dyspnoea was updated (dyspnoea is an expected event of selumetinib; however, dyspnoea could also be the symptom of underlying serious lung conditions). |
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25 Oct 2018 |
• Study was to be terminated early and all randomised patients who had not yet completed their 3-year follow up were to instead have an end of study phone call. The wording of the 3-years post-RAI follow-up was changed to final study follow-up, in-line with the change. Reason: In the primary analysis (DCO date: 18 May 2018), the primary endpoint was not met and, consequently, collection of further data on efficacy endpoints was no longer considered relevant. |
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Interruptions (globally) |
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Were there any global interruptions to the trial? No | |||
Limitations and caveats |
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Limitations of the trial such as small numbers of subjects analysed or technical problems leading to unreliable data. | |||
The study was terminated early (based on the findings of the primary analysis at 18 months post-RAI treatment) and all randomised patients who had not yet completed their 3-year follow-up visit were instead to have an end of study phone call. |