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    Clinical Trial Results:
    A Phase 3, Randomized, Double-Blind Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Tenofovir Alafenamide (TAF) 25 mg QD versus Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate (TDF) 300 mg QD for the Treatment of HBeAg Positive, Chronic Hepatitis B

    Summary
    EudraCT number
    2013-000636-10
    Trial protocol
    IT   GB   DE   ES   PL   BG  
    Global end of trial date

    Results information
    Results version number
    v1
    This version publication date
    02 Aug 2019
    First version publication date
    02 Aug 2019
    Other versions
    v2

    Trial information

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    Trial identification
    Sponsor protocol code
    GS-US-320-0110
    Additional study identifiers
    ISRCTN number
    -
    US NCT number
    NCT01940471
    WHO universal trial number (UTN)
    -
    Other trial identifiers
    CTRI/2014/01/004329: CTRI, NCT02836249: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier (NCT number)
    Sponsors
    Sponsor organisation name
    Gilead Sciences
    Sponsor organisation address
    333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, CA, United States, 94404
    Public contact
    Gilead Clinical Study Information Center, Gilead Sciences, GileadClinicalTrials@gilead.com
    Scientific contact
    Gilead Clinical Study Information Center, Gilead Sciences, GileadClinicalTrials@gilead.com
    Paediatric regulatory details
    Is trial part of an agreed paediatric investigation plan (PIP)
    No
    Does article 45 of REGULATION (EC) No 1901/2006 apply to this trial?
    No
    Does article 46 of REGULATION (EC) No 1901/2006 apply to this trial?
    No
    Results analysis stage
    Analysis stage
    Interim
    Date of interim/final analysis
    23 Mar 2017
    Is this the analysis of the primary completion data?
    Yes
    Primary completion date
    15 Dec 2016
    Global end of trial reached?
    No
    General information about the trial
    Main objective of the trial
    The primary objective of this study is to compare the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) versus tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) in treatment-naive and treatment-experienced adults with hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Results presented include Week 48 interim data for the main study (non-China) and China study.
    Protection of trial subjects
    The protocol and consent/assent forms were submitted by each investigator to a duly constituted Independent Ethics Committee (IEC) or Institutional Review Board (IRB) for review and approval before study initiation. All revisions to the consent/assent forms (if applicable) after initial IEC/IRB approval were submitted by the investigator to the IEC/IRB for review and approval before implementation in accordance with regulatory requirements. This study was conducted in accordance with recognized international scientific and ethical standards, including but not limited to the International Conference on Harmonization guideline for Good Clinical Practice (ICH GCP) and the original principles embodied in the Declaration of Helsinki.
    Background therapy
    -
    Evidence for comparator
    -
    Actual start date of recruitment
    25 Aug 2013
    Long term follow-up planned
    No
    Independent data monitoring committee (IDMC) involvement?
    Yes
    Population of trial subjects
    Number of subjects enrolled per country
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Poland: 12
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Spain: 4
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    United Kingdom: 8
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Bulgaria: 6
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    France: 5
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Italy: 14
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    China: 181
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Korea, Republic of: 173
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Hong Kong: 121
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    India: 110
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Canada: 83
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Taiwan: 83
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Australia: 22
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    New Zealand: 17
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Singapore: 9
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    United States: 54
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Russian Federation: 49
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Japan: 46
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Romania: 33
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Turkey: 26
    Worldwide total number of subjects
    1056
    EEA total number of subjects
    82
    Number of subjects enrolled per age group
    In utero
    0
    Preterm newborn - gestational age < 37 wk
    0
    Newborns (0-27 days)
    0
    Infants and toddlers (28 days-23 months)
    0
    Children (2-11 years)
    0
    Adolescents (12-17 years)
    0
    Adults (18-64 years)
    1048
    From 65 to 84 years
    8
    85 years and over
    0

    Subject disposition

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    Recruitment
    Recruitment details
    Participants were enrolled at study sites in East Asia, Europe, North America, Australia, India, New Zealand, and China. The first participant was screened on 25 August 2013 (non-China) and 19 June 2015 (China). The last Week 48 study visit occurred on 06 November 2015 (non-China) and 15 December 2016 (China).

    Pre-assignment
    Screening details
    1473 participants were screened in non-China and 227 participants were screened in China.

    Period 1
    Period 1 title
    Double-Blind Phase (overall period)
    Is this the baseline period?
    Yes
    Allocation method
    Randomised - controlled
    Blinding used
    Double blind
    Roles blinded
    Subject, Investigator

    Arms
    Are arms mutually exclusive
    Yes

    Arm title
    TAF 25 mg (non-China)
    Arm description
    TAF 25 mg tablet + TDF placebo tablet once daily for up to 96 weeks (per amendment 1 & 2) or 144 weeks (per amendment 3)
    Arm type
    Experimental

    Investigational medicinal product name
    Tenofovir alafenamide
    Investigational medicinal product code
    Other name
    TAF, Vemlidy®
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Tablet
    Routes of administration
    Oral use
    Dosage and administration details
    25 mg administered once daily

    Investigational medicinal product name
    TDF placebo
    Investigational medicinal product code
    Other name
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Tablet
    Routes of administration
    Oral use
    Dosage and administration details
    Administered once daily

    Arm title
    TDF 300 mg (non-China)
    Arm description
    TDF 300 mg tablet + TAF placebo tablet once daily for up to 96 weeks (per amendment 1 & 2) or 144 weeks (per amendment 3)
    Arm type
    Active comparator

    Investigational medicinal product name
    Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate
    Investigational medicinal product code
    Other name
    TDF, Viread®
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Tablet
    Routes of administration
    Oral use
    Dosage and administration details
    300 mg administered once daily

    Investigational medicinal product name
    TAF placebo
    Investigational medicinal product code
    Other name
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Tablet
    Routes of administration
    Oral use
    Dosage and administration details
    Administered once daily

    Arm title
    TAF 25 mg (China)
    Arm description
    TAF 25 mg tablet + TDF placebo tablet once daily for up to 144 weeks
    Arm type
    Experimental

    Investigational medicinal product name
    Tenofovir alafenamide
    Investigational medicinal product code
    Other name
    TAF, Vemlidy®
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Tablet
    Routes of administration
    Oral use
    Dosage and administration details
    25 mg administered once daily

    Investigational medicinal product name
    TDF placebo
    Investigational medicinal product code
    Other name
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Tablet
    Routes of administration
    Oral use
    Dosage and administration details
    Administered once daily

    Arm title
    TDF 300 mg (China)
    Arm description
    TDF 300 mg tablet + TAF placebo tablet once daily for up to 144 weeks
    Arm type
    Active comparator

    Investigational medicinal product name
    Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate
    Investigational medicinal product code
    Other name
    TDF, Viread®
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Tablet
    Routes of administration
    Oral use
    Dosage and administration details
    300 mg administered once daily

    Investigational medicinal product name
    TAF placebo
    Investigational medicinal product code
    Other name
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Tablet
    Routes of administration
    Oral use
    Dosage and administration details
    Administered once daily

    Number of subjects in period 1 [1]
    TAF 25 mg (non-China) TDF 300 mg (non-China) TAF 25 mg (China) TDF 300 mg (China)
    Started
    581
    292
    123
    57
    Completed
    14
    8
    0
    0
    Not completed
    567
    284
    123
    57
         Withdrew Consent
    13
    7
    -
    1
         Adverse Event
    1
    2
    -
    -
         Protocol specified criteria for withdrawal
    1
    -
    -
    -
         Death
    1
    -
    -
    -
         Investigator's Discretion
    5
    -
    -
    -
         Pregnancy
    2
    1
    2
    -
         Non-compliance with study drug
    1
    1
    -
    -
         Protocol Violation
    -
    1
    -
    -
         Still on Study
    539
    270
    121
    55
         Lost to follow-up
    3
    2
    -
    1
         Lack of efficacy
    1
    -
    -
    -
    Notes
    [1] - The number of subjects reported to be in the baseline period are not the same as the worldwide number enrolled in the trial. It is expected that these numbers will be the same.
    Justification: 3 participants (1 each in non-China groups and 1 in TDF China group) who were randomized but not treated are not included in the subject disposition table.

    Baseline characteristics

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    Baseline characteristics reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    TAF 25 mg (non-China)
    Reporting group description
    TAF 25 mg tablet + TDF placebo tablet once daily for up to 96 weeks (per amendment 1 & 2) or 144 weeks (per amendment 3)

    Reporting group title
    TDF 300 mg (non-China)
    Reporting group description
    TDF 300 mg tablet + TAF placebo tablet once daily for up to 96 weeks (per amendment 1 & 2) or 144 weeks (per amendment 3)

    Reporting group title
    TAF 25 mg (China)
    Reporting group description
    TAF 25 mg tablet + TDF placebo tablet once daily for up to 144 weeks

    Reporting group title
    TDF 300 mg (China)
    Reporting group description
    TDF 300 mg tablet + TAF placebo tablet once daily for up to 144 weeks

    Reporting group values
    TAF 25 mg (non-China) TDF 300 mg (non-China) TAF 25 mg (China) TDF 300 mg (China) Total
    Number of subjects
    581 292 123 57 1053
    Age categorical
    Units: Subjects
    Age continuous
    Units: years
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    38 ± 11.0 38 ± 11.7 34 ± 9.4 36 ± 9.5 -
    Gender categorical
    Units: Subjects
        Female
    210 103 35 13 361
        Male
    371 189 88 44 692
    Race
    Units: Subjects
        Asian
    482 232 123 57 894
        Black or African American
    2 3 0 0 5
        Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander
    1 3 0 0 4
        White
    96 53 0 0 149
        Other
    0 1 0 0 1
    Ethnicity
    Units: Subjects
        Hispanic or Latino
    4 2 0 0 6
        Not Hispanic or Latino
    573 289 123 57 1042
        Not Permitted
    4 1 0 0 5
    Plasma HBV DNA Level
    Units: Subjects
        < 8 log10 IU/mL
    309 150 74 36 569
        ≥ 8 log10 IU/mL
    272 142 49 21 484
    Oral antiviral (OAV) Treatment Status
    Units: Subjects
        Treatment Experienced
    151 77 45 18 291
        Treatment Naive
    430 215 78 39 762
    Proteinuria by Urinalysis (dipstick)
    Urine protein was measured using the dipstick method. Grade 0 = Absent; Grade 1 = Mild; Grade 2 = Moderate; Grade 3 = Severe
    Units: Subjects
        Grade 0
    538 259 117 54 968
        Grade 1
    40 31 6 2 79
        Grade 2
    3 2 0 1 6
        Grade 3
    0 0 0 0 0
    IL28b Status
    The CC, CT, and TT alleles are different forms of the IL28b gene.
    Units: Subjects
        CC
    442 210 109 52 813
        CT
    112 69 12 5 198
        TT
    23 10 2 0 35
        Missing
    4 3 0 0 7
    HBV DNA
    Units: log10 IU/mL
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    7.6 ± 1.34 7.6 ± 1.41 7.2 ± 1.65 7.2 ± 1.48 -

    End points

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    End points reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    TAF 25 mg (non-China)
    Reporting group description
    TAF 25 mg tablet + TDF placebo tablet once daily for up to 96 weeks (per amendment 1 & 2) or 144 weeks (per amendment 3)

    Reporting group title
    TDF 300 mg (non-China)
    Reporting group description
    TDF 300 mg tablet + TAF placebo tablet once daily for up to 96 weeks (per amendment 1 & 2) or 144 weeks (per amendment 3)

    Reporting group title
    TAF 25 mg (China)
    Reporting group description
    TAF 25 mg tablet + TDF placebo tablet once daily for up to 144 weeks

    Reporting group title
    TDF 300 mg (China)
    Reporting group description
    TDF 300 mg tablet + TAF placebo tablet once daily for up to 144 weeks

    Primary: Percentage of Participants With Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) DNA < 29 IU/mL (Missing = Failure)

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    End point title
    Percentage of Participants With Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) DNA < 29 IU/mL (Missing = Failure)
    End point description
    Full Analysis Set included participants who were randomized into the study and received at least 1 dose of study drugs. Participants were analyzed according to the treatment to which they were randomized. A Missing = Failure approach was employed for the efficacy endpoints, in which all missing data will be treated as not achieving the endpoint.
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    Week 48
    End point values
    TAF 25 mg (non-China) TDF 300 mg (non-China) TAF 25 mg (China) TDF 300 mg (China)
    Number of subjects analysed
    581
    292
    123
    57
    Units: percentage of participants
        number (not applicable)
    63.9
    66.8
    61.0
    68.4
    Statistical analysis title
    Statistical Analysis (non-China only)
    Statistical analysis description
    The null hypothesis was that the TAF group is at least 10% worse than the TDF group with respect to the proportion of participants with HBV DNA < 29 IU/mL at Week 48. The alternative hypothesis was that the TAF group is less than 10% worse than the TDF group with respect to the proportion of participants with HBV DNA < 29 IU/mL at Week 48. Noninferiority was assessed using a 95% confidence interval (CI) approach, with a noninferiority margin of 10%.
    Comparison groups
    TAF 25 mg (non-China) v TDF 300 mg (non-China)
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    873
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    non-inferiority [1]
    Method
    Parameter type
    Difference in proportions
    Point estimate
    -3.6
    Confidence interval
         level
    95%
         sides
    2-sided
         lower limit
    -9.8
         upper limit
    2.6
    Notes
    [1] - Sample sizes of 288 and 576 participants in the TDF and TAF groups, respectively, were planned to give 84% power to rule out the noninferiority margin of 10% at a 1-sided significance level of 0.025. This sample size based on the assumption that the expected difference (TAF − TDF) in the proportion of participants with HBV DNA < 29 IU/mL was 0 and the proportion of participants with HBV DNA < 29 IU/mL in the TDF group was 69%. Missing data were treated as not achieving the primary endpoint.

    Secondary: Percentage of Participants With Hepatitis B e Antigen (HBeAg) Seroconversion to Antibody Against Hepatitis B e Antigen (Anti-HBe) at Week 48

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    End point title
    Percentage of Participants With Hepatitis B e Antigen (HBeAg) Seroconversion to Antibody Against Hepatitis B e Antigen (Anti-HBe) at Week 48
    End point description
    Serologically Evaluable Full Analysis Set included participants who were randomized, had received at least 1 dose of study drug, and were HBeAg positive and anti-HBe negative or had a value missing value at baseline. Participants were analyzed according to their randomized treatment group. For the Missing = Failure approach, all missing data were treated as no HBeAg seroconversion.
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Week 48
    End point values
    TAF 25 mg (non-China) TDF 300 mg (non-China) TAF 25 mg (China) TDF 300 mg (China)
    Number of subjects analysed
    565
    285
    118
    57
    Units: percentage of participants
        number (not applicable)
    10.3
    8.1
    11.0
    8.8
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Percent Change From Baseline in Hip Bone Mineral Density (BMD) at Week 48

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    End point title
    Percent Change From Baseline in Hip Bone Mineral Density (BMD) at Week 48
    End point description
    Participants in the Hip Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) Analysis Set (participants who were randomized, received at least 1 dose of study drugs, and had nonmissing baseline hip BMD values) with available data were analyzed. Participants were analyzed according to the treatment they actually received. Missing data were excluded from analysis.
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Baseline; Week 48
    End point values
    TAF 25 mg (non-China) TDF 300 mg (non-China) TAF 25 mg (China) TDF 300 mg (China)
    Number of subjects analysed
    537
    271
    53
    31
    Units: percentage change
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    -0.100 ± 2.2912
    -1.715 ± 2.5723
    0.624 ± 2.2731
    -1.507 ± 2.4193
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Percent Change From Baseline in Spine BMD at Week 48

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    End point title
    Percent Change From Baseline in Spine BMD at Week 48
    End point description
    Participants in the Spine DXA Analysis Set (participants who were randomized, received at least 1 dose of study drugs, and had nonmissing baseline spine BMD values) with available data were analyzed. Participants were analyzed according to the treatment they actually received. Missing data were excluded from analysis.
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Baseline; Week 48
    End point values
    TAF 25 mg (non-China) TDF 300 mg (non-China) TAF 25 mg (China) TDF 300 mg (China)
    Number of subjects analysed
    543
    274
    54
    31
    Units: percent change
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    -0.417 ± 2.9343
    -2.294 ± 3.1331
    0.683 ± 3.3281
    -2.169 ± 3.4503
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Change From Baseline at Week 48 in Serum Creatinine

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    End point title
    Change From Baseline at Week 48 in Serum Creatinine
    End point description
    Participants in the Safety Analysis Set (participants who were randomized into the study and received at least 1 dose of study drug) with available data were analyzed. Participants were analyzed according to the treatment they actually received. Missing data were excluded from analysis.
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Baseline; Week 48
    End point values
    TAF 25 mg (non-China) TDF 300 mg (non-China) TAF 25 mg (China) TDF 300 mg (China)
    Number of subjects analysed
    553
    283
    121
    55
    Units: mg/dL
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    0.009 ± 0.1238
    0.026 ± 0.0948
    -0.003 ± 0.0701
    0.016 ± 0.0920
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Other pre-specified: Percentage of Participants With Treatment-emergent Proteinuria by Urinalysis (Dipstick) Through Week 48

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    End point title
    Percentage of Participants With Treatment-emergent Proteinuria by Urinalysis (Dipstick) Through Week 48
    End point description
    Grades 1 (mild), 2 (moderate), and 3 (severe) were the highest treatment-emergent postbaseline grades for urine protein using the dipstick method. Participants in the Safety Analysis Set with at least 1 postbaseline urine protein value were analyzed.
    End point type
    Other pre-specified
    End point timeframe
    Up to 48 weeks
    End point values
    TAF 25 mg (non-China) TDF 300 mg (non-China) TAF 25 mg (China) TDF 300 mg (China)
    Number of subjects analysed
    577
    286
    123
    57
    Units: percentage of participants
    number (not applicable)
        Grade 1
    23.9
    17.8
    24.4
    22.8
        Grade 2
    3.5
    4.5
    0.8
    3.5
        Grade 3
    0
    0.3
    0
    0
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Adverse events

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    Adverse events information
    Timeframe for reporting adverse events
    Up to the Week 48 Data Cut
    Adverse event reporting additional description
    Safety Analysis Set included participants who were randomized into the study and received at least 1 dose of study drug. Participants were analyzed according to the treatment they actually received during the double-blinded phase. MedDRA version 18.0 was used for non-China participants and MedDRA version 19.1 was used for China participants.
    Assessment type
    Systematic
    Dictionary used for adverse event reporting
    Dictionary name
    MedDRA
    Dictionary version
    18.0, 19.1
    Reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    TAF 25 mg (non-China)
    Reporting group description
    TAF 25 mg tablet + TDF placebo tablet once daily for up to 96 weeks (per amendment 1 & 2) or 144 weeks (per amendment 3)

    Reporting group title
    TDF 300 mg (non-China)
    Reporting group description
    TDF 300 mg tablet + TAF placebo tablet once daily for up to 96 weeks (per amendment 1 & 2) or 144 weeks (per amendment 3)

    Reporting group title
    TAF 25 mg (China)
    Reporting group description
    TAF 25 mg tablet + TDF placebo tablet once daily for up to 144 weeks

    Reporting group title
    TDF 300 mg (China)
    Reporting group description
    TDF 300 mg tablet + TAF placebo tablet once daily for up to 144 weeks

    Serious adverse events
    TAF 25 mg (non-China) TDF 300 mg (non-China) TAF 25 mg (China) TDF 300 mg (China)
    Total subjects affected by serious adverse events
         subjects affected / exposed
    22 / 581 (3.79%)
    12 / 292 (4.11%)
    5 / 123 (4.07%)
    2 / 57 (3.51%)
         number of deaths (all causes)
    1
    0
    0
    0
         number of deaths resulting from adverse events
    0
    0
    0
    0
    Neoplasms benign, malignant and unspecified (incl cysts and polyps)
    Hepatocellular carcinoma
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 581 (0.00%)
    2 / 292 (0.68%)
    0 / 123 (0.00%)
    0 / 57 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 2
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Gastrointestinal submucosal tumour
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 581 (0.17%)
    0 / 292 (0.00%)
    0 / 123 (0.00%)
    0 / 57 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Thymoma
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 581 (0.00%)
    1 / 292 (0.34%)
    0 / 123 (0.00%)
    0 / 57 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Transitional cell carcinoma
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 581 (0.00%)
    1 / 292 (0.34%)
    0 / 123 (0.00%)
    0 / 57 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Surgical and medical procedures
    Abortion induced
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 581 (0.00%)
    0 / 292 (0.00%)
    1 / 123 (0.81%)
    0 / 57 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    General disorders and administration site conditions
    Pyrexia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 581 (0.17%)
    0 / 292 (0.00%)
    0 / 123 (0.00%)
    0 / 57 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Reproductive system and breast disorders
    Dysfunctional uterine bleeding
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 581 (0.00%)
    0 / 292 (0.00%)
    1 / 123 (0.81%)
    0 / 57 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Ovarian cyst
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 581 (0.00%)
    1 / 292 (0.34%)
    0 / 123 (0.00%)
    0 / 57 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
    Bronchitis chronic
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 581 (0.17%)
    0 / 292 (0.00%)
    0 / 123 (0.00%)
    0 / 57 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Nasal septum deviation
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 581 (0.17%)
    0 / 292 (0.00%)
    0 / 123 (0.00%)
    0 / 57 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Investigations
    Alanine aminotransferase increased
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 581 (0.00%)
    0 / 292 (0.00%)
    1 / 123 (0.81%)
    1 / 57 (1.75%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Injury, poisoning and procedural complications
    Hand fracture
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 581 (0.17%)
    0 / 292 (0.00%)
    0 / 123 (0.00%)
    0 / 57 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Ligament rupture
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 581 (0.17%)
    0 / 292 (0.00%)
    0 / 123 (0.00%)
    0 / 57 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Limb crushing injury
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 581 (0.17%)
    0 / 292 (0.00%)
    0 / 123 (0.00%)
    0 / 57 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Lower limb fracture
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 581 (0.00%)
    1 / 292 (0.34%)
    0 / 123 (0.00%)
    0 / 57 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Spinal compression fracture
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 581 (0.17%)
    0 / 292 (0.00%)
    0 / 123 (0.00%)
    0 / 57 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Subarachnoid haemorrhage
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 581 (0.00%)
    0 / 292 (0.00%)
    0 / 123 (0.00%)
    1 / 57 (1.75%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Cardiac disorders
    Angina pectoris
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 581 (0.17%)
    0 / 292 (0.00%)
    0 / 123 (0.00%)
    0 / 57 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Nervous system disorders
    Dizziness
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 581 (0.34%)
    0 / 292 (0.00%)
    0 / 123 (0.00%)
    0 / 57 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Basilar artery occlusion
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 581 (0.17%)
    0 / 292 (0.00%)
    0 / 123 (0.00%)
    0 / 57 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Epilepsy
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 581 (0.00%)
    1 / 292 (0.34%)
    0 / 123 (0.00%)
    0 / 57 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Optic neuritis
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 581 (0.00%)
    1 / 292 (0.34%)
    0 / 123 (0.00%)
    0 / 57 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Syncope
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 581 (0.17%)
    0 / 292 (0.00%)
    0 / 123 (0.00%)
    0 / 57 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Blood and lymphatic system disorders
    Anaemia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 581 (0.17%)
    0 / 292 (0.00%)
    0 / 123 (0.00%)
    0 / 57 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Ear and labyrinth disorders
    Vertigo
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 581 (0.17%)
    0 / 292 (0.00%)
    0 / 123 (0.00%)
    0 / 57 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Eye disorders
    Retinal detachment
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 581 (0.17%)
    0 / 292 (0.00%)
    0 / 123 (0.00%)
    0 / 57 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Gastrointestinal disorders
    Abdominal pain upper
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 581 (0.00%)
    1 / 292 (0.34%)
    0 / 123 (0.00%)
    0 / 57 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Renal and urinary disorders
    Nephrolithiasis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 581 (0.17%)
    0 / 292 (0.00%)
    1 / 123 (0.81%)
    0 / 57 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders
    Back pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 581 (0.17%)
    0 / 292 (0.00%)
    0 / 123 (0.00%)
    0 / 57 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Intervertebral disc degeneration
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 581 (0.17%)
    0 / 292 (0.00%)
    0 / 123 (0.00%)
    0 / 57 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Spondylolisthesis
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 581 (0.00%)
    1 / 292 (0.34%)
    0 / 123 (0.00%)
    0 / 57 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Infections and infestations
    Appendicitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 581 (0.17%)
    0 / 292 (0.00%)
    1 / 123 (0.81%)
    0 / 57 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Anal abscess
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 581 (0.17%)
    0 / 292 (0.00%)
    0 / 123 (0.00%)
    0 / 57 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Cellulitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 581 (0.00%)
    1 / 292 (0.34%)
    0 / 123 (0.00%)
    0 / 57 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Dengue fever
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 581 (0.00%)
    1 / 292 (0.34%)
    0 / 123 (0.00%)
    0 / 57 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Diarrhoea infectious
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 581 (0.17%)
    0 / 292 (0.00%)
    0 / 123 (0.00%)
    0 / 57 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Periodontitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 581 (0.17%)
    0 / 292 (0.00%)
    0 / 123 (0.00%)
    0 / 57 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Pneumonia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 581 (0.17%)
    0 / 292 (0.00%)
    0 / 123 (0.00%)
    0 / 57 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Scrub typhus
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 581 (0.17%)
    0 / 292 (0.00%)
    0 / 123 (0.00%)
    0 / 57 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Frequency threshold for reporting non-serious adverse events: 5%
    Non-serious adverse events
    TAF 25 mg (non-China) TDF 300 mg (non-China) TAF 25 mg (China) TDF 300 mg (China)
    Total subjects affected by non serious adverse events
         subjects affected / exposed
    215 / 581 (37.01%)
    101 / 292 (34.59%)
    28 / 123 (22.76%)
    28 / 57 (49.12%)
    Investigations
    Blood parathyroid hormone increased
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 581 (0.17%)
    1 / 292 (0.34%)
    6 / 123 (4.88%)
    4 / 57 (7.02%)
         occurrences all number
    3
    1
    8
    4
    Creatinine renal clearance decreased
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 581 (0.00%)
    0 / 292 (0.00%)
    2 / 123 (1.63%)
    3 / 57 (5.26%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    0
    5
    5
    Nervous system disorders
    Headache
         subjects affected / exposed
    42 / 581 (7.23%)
    22 / 292 (7.53%)
    1 / 123 (0.81%)
    1 / 57 (1.75%)
         occurrences all number
    59
    26
    1
    1
    General disorders and administration site conditions
    Fatigue
         subjects affected / exposed
    33 / 581 (5.68%)
    14 / 292 (4.79%)
    1 / 123 (0.81%)
    1 / 57 (1.75%)
         occurrences all number
    39
    19
    1
    1
    Gastrointestinal disorders
    Diarrhoea
         subjects affected / exposed
    27 / 581 (4.65%)
    15 / 292 (5.14%)
    3 / 123 (2.44%)
    2 / 57 (3.51%)
         occurrences all number
    27
    17
    3
    3
    Nausea
         subjects affected / exposed
    28 / 581 (4.82%)
    13 / 292 (4.45%)
    2 / 123 (1.63%)
    3 / 57 (5.26%)
         occurrences all number
    30
    15
    2
    4
    Abdominal pain upper
         subjects affected / exposed
    19 / 581 (3.27%)
    15 / 292 (5.14%)
    2 / 123 (1.63%)
    2 / 57 (3.51%)
         occurrences all number
    22
    16
    2
    2
    Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
    Cough
         subjects affected / exposed
    37 / 581 (6.37%)
    19 / 292 (6.51%)
    1 / 123 (0.81%)
    2 / 57 (3.51%)
         occurrences all number
    55
    19
    1
    2
    Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders
    Osteopenia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 581 (0.17%)
    2 / 292 (0.68%)
    0 / 123 (0.00%)
    3 / 57 (5.26%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    2
    0
    3
    Infections and infestations
    Nasopharyngitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    56 / 581 (9.64%)
    16 / 292 (5.48%)
    27 / 123 (21.95%)
    7 / 57 (12.28%)
         occurrences all number
    80
    27
    37
    9
    Upper respiratory tract infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    51 / 581 (8.78%)
    22 / 292 (7.53%)
    17 / 123 (13.82%)
    5 / 57 (8.77%)
         occurrences all number
    65
    28
    19
    6
    Urinary tract infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    9 / 581 (1.55%)
    10 / 292 (3.42%)
    4 / 123 (3.25%)
    4 / 57 (7.02%)
         occurrences all number
    14
    12
    7
    5

    More information

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    Substantial protocol amendments (globally)

    Were there any global substantial amendments to the protocol? Yes
    Date
    Amendment
    12 Jul 2013
    ● Extended the double-blind phase from 48 to 96 weeks and added Week 96 evaluations to other secondary objectives, as applicable ● Changed the primary efficacy endpoint of proportion of subjects with HBV DNA levels at Week 48 from below 69 IU/mL to below 29 IU/mL ● Replaced eGFR with serum creatinine as a key secondary safety objective ● Extended duration of ophthalmologic substudy to 144 weeks, with additional ophthalmologic assessment at Weeks 72, 96, and 144 ● Clarified and revised study entry criteria ● Updated statistical section to reflect changes in objectives and to better define analyses of key secondary efficacy and safety endpoints ● Revised the number of subjects for PK substudy from 30 subjects to approximately 16 subjects ● Added section for Management of Potential Posterior Uveitis Cases and section for Multiplicity Adjustments
    04 Dec 2013
    ● Lowered the entry criteria for estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) from ≥ 60 mL/min to ≥ 50 mL/min ● Clarified and revised study entry criteria ● Added clarification regarding subjects who elected an evening study drug dosing schedule: such individuals were no longer required to undergo in-clinic dosing and population PK blood draws at the Week 4 and 12 visits ● Updated statistical analysis methods for key secondary endpoints to align with the TAF HIV Phase 3 development program ● Added cystatin C to the baseline assessments to accommodate the revision to toxicity management for possible nephrotoxicity ● Updated information about the drug formulation for TDF, the comparator, to include the formulation used in developing markets ● Updated information on the management of potential nephrotoxicity ● Added reflex testing for HEV in the event of an ALT elevation
    20 Feb 2015
    This protocol change was only applicable for China: ● Added the number of subjects to be enrolled in China ● Specified that the dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan procedure at all protocol-specified visits would be performed only at sites that have the capability ● Added statement that fracture risk assessment at the baseline visit was intended for sites with DXA capability only ● Added hepatitis E virus (HEV) testing as a reflex test for subjects who discontinued study drug and had confirmed ALT elevation ● Updated the Gilead Grading Scale for Severity of Adverse Events and Laboratory Abnormalities to reconcile with the scale that was employed in the global program via an administrative letter
    05 Feb 2016
    ● Extended the blinded period of the study to Week 144 (from Week 96). ● Extended the open label period of the study to Week 384 (from Week 144). ● Updated the last study visit date of treatment from Week 144/Early Discontinuation (ED) to Week 384/ED. ● Added 10 study visits (Week 168, 192, 216, 240, 264, 288, 312, 336, 360, and 384/ED) to be conducted during the additional 5 years of the study. ● Revised visit Week numbers to accommodate extension of blinded and open label periods of the study. ● Clarified when open label study drug is to be dispensed to participants who rollover to open-label TAF treatment following Amendment 1 or 2, and under Amendment 3. ● Clarified visit windows for analysis timepoints (Weeks 48, 96, and 144) to be in alignment with DXA windows. ● Added hepatic ultrasound for surveillance of hepatocellular carcinoma every 24 weeks from visit Week 96 to Week 384/ED.

    Interruptions (globally)

    Were there any global interruptions to the trial? No

    Limitations and caveats

    Limitations of the trial such as small numbers of subjects analysed or technical problems leading to unreliable data.
    An unplanned review of unblinded clinical trial data was performed in this study that was not prospectively specified in the protocol. There was no impact on the overall integrity or conclusions of the study.
    For support, Contact us.
    The status and protocol content of GB trials is no longer updated since 1 January 2021. For the UK, as of 31 January 2021, EU Law applies only to the territory of Northern Ireland (NI) to the extent foreseen in the Protocol on Ireland/NI. Legal notice
    As of 31 January 2023, all EU/EEA initial clinical trial applications must be submitted through CTIS . Updated EudraCT trials information and information on PIP/Art 46 trials conducted exclusively in third countries continues to be submitted through EudraCT and published on this website.

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