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    Clinical Trial Results:
    Platelet-Oriented Inhibition in New TIA and minor ischemic stroke (POINT) Trial, a randomized, double blind, multicentre clinical trial

    Summary
    EudraCT number
    2013-001185-41
    Trial protocol
    GB   ES   DE   FI  
    Global end of trial date
    28 Mar 2018

    Results information
    Results version number
    v1(current)
    This version publication date
    10 Apr 2019
    First version publication date
    10 Apr 2019
    Other versions
    Summary report(s)
    Clopidogrel and Aspirin in Acute Ischemic Stroke and High Risk TIA

    Trial information

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    Trial identification
    Sponsor protocol code
    POINT
    Additional study identifiers
    ISRCTN number
    -
    US NCT number
    NCT00991029
    WHO universal trial number (UTN)
    -
    Sponsors
    Sponsor organisation name
    University of California, San Francisco Stroke Sciences Group
    Sponsor organisation address
    Department of Neurology, SSG, San Francisco, United States, 94143
    Public contact
    Kelley Rosborough, Emmes, 1 3012511161, krosborough@emmes.com
    Scientific contact
    Kelley Rosborough, Emmes, 1 3012511161, krosborough@emmes.com
    Paediatric regulatory details
    Is trial part of an agreed paediatric investigation plan (PIP)
    No
    Does article 45 of REGULATION (EC) No 1901/2006 apply to this trial?
    No
    Does article 46 of REGULATION (EC) No 1901/2006 apply to this trial?
    No
    Results analysis stage
    Analysis stage
    Final
    Date of interim/final analysis
    09 Apr 2018
    Is this the analysis of the primary completion data?
    Yes
    Primary completion date
    28 Mar 2018
    Global end of trial reached?
    Yes
    Global end of trial date
    28 Mar 2018
    Was the trial ended prematurely?
    Yes
    General information about the trial
    Main objective of the trial
    To determine whether clopidogrel 75mg/day by mouth after an initial dose of 600mg, is effective in improving events related to stroke at 90 days, in patients receiving aspirin 50-325mg/day when randomized within 12 hours of time last known free of new stroke symptoms.
    Protection of trial subjects
    The greatest risk to subject health was the study medication, clopidogrel, when combined with aspirin. These agents had not been tested specifically after TIA and minor ischemic stroke, so rates of hemorrhage were estimated from studies of stroke and acute coronary syndromes. All subjects in the study received aspirin. The benefits of aspirin outweigh its small excess risk of systemic and intracranial hemorrhage. Clopidogrel in combination with aspirin is likely to be associated with a small excess risk of major systemic hemorrhage (estimated at 1% for the study period) but no increased risk of life-threatening or intracranial hemorrhage. The absolute increase in risk of life-threatening hemorrhage in the MATCH trial, which is most similar to POINT, was 1.3% (2.6% for the combination vs. 1.3% for clopidogrel alone), and this risk was spread out over 18 months follow-up. Subjects were followed for 90 days and only TIAs and minor ischemic strokes were included, so a 1% excess absolute risk was realistic, and consistent with other trials. The combination may increase the risk of complications with interventions, such as endarterectomy, or may delay the performance of these procedures due to concerns about bleeding risk. Clopidogrel is also associated with a very small risk of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, probably less than 1 per 100,000. Loss of privacy due to additional contact from investigators not involved directly in the subject’s care was another potential risk. There was also a small risk of loss of confidentiality.
    Background therapy
    Platelet aggregation is an important contributing factor in cerebral ischemia, as in other forms of ischemia. Antiplatelet agents reduce the risk of ischemic stroke in a variety of settings with distinct pathophysiologies (e.g., atrial fibrillation, small-vessel stroke, and large-vessel atherothrombosis). Aspirin given to patients with a history of stroke or TIA reduces subsequent risk of stroke. Furthermore, aspirin initiated as an acute intervention after stroke reduces risk of death and recurrent stroke. Trials of clopidogrel in combination with aspirin after stroke/TIA suggest that the combination reduces risk of stroke but increases risk of major hemorrhage. However, the risk of thrombosis is extremely high in the acute period after TIA and risk of hemorrhage is expected to be lower than after a completed stroke, so the combination may be particularly effective and relatively safe in this setting. Even more compelling, clopidogrel combined with aspirin reduced the 90-day risk of stroke by 36% compared to aspirin alone in a pilot trial of 392 patients treated acutely after minor stroke or TIA, and it was well tolerated. Clopidogrel also has advantages in being oral, without major side effects other than hemorrhage, and it will be inexpensive by trial completion. Nonetheless, antiplatelet therapy has never been tested in a pivotal trial as an acute intervention after TIA, a setting with distinct pathophysiology that may favor the use of this class of agents. TIA is a unique, important type of cerebral ischemia characterized by substantial instability, in which acute treatment is potentially highly consequential and has never been properly studied. Currently, the treatment choice ranges from immediate hospitalization and initiation of intravenous antiplatelet agents or heparin to outpatient evaluation and treatment with aspirin.
    Evidence for comparator
    Clopidogrel has been studied in combination with aspirin in several trials of vascular disease, including two that included patients with stroke or TIA. Although results from these trials have not supported long-term use of clopidogrel after stroke/TIA, the drug has never been tested as an acute therapy in this population and the trials support that it may be more beneficial and particularly safe after TIA. It is also a logical agent to test because it is cheap, has well established, favorable pharmacodynamics and safety profile, and is delivered conveniently in the outpatient setting. Aspirin and clopidogrel synergistically antagonize platelet aggregation, and combined, may provide added benefit in stroke prevention. Aspirin and clopidogrel are used together after coronary, carotid, and intracranial stenting, and appear to be well tolerated. Evidence supporting clopidogrel also comes from cardiac trials, non-acute stroke/TIA trials, and most importantly, from an acute pilot trial of TIA and minor stroke, as reviewed below. Cardiac Trials: The CURE trial of patients with acute coronary syndromes, also taking aspirin, found that clopidogrel 75 mg/day after a loading dose of 300 mg reduced the risk of stroke, myocardial infarction, and vascular death by 20% at 3-12 month follow-up, and the effect was apparent in the first 10 days. Non-Acute Stroke/TIA Trials: The MATCH (Management of atherothrombosis with clopidogrel in high risk patients with recent TIA or ischemic stroke) trial was a secondary stroke prevention trial that enrolled 7599 patients, mostly in Europe. Pilot Acute TIA/Stroke Trials: FASTER was a pilot trial based in Canada and run by collaborators who participated in the design of this trial.
    Actual start date of recruitment
    28 May 2010
    Long term follow-up planned
    No
    Independent data monitoring committee (IDMC) involvement?
    Yes
    Population of trial subjects
    Number of subjects enrolled per country
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Spain: 241
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    United Kingdom: 71
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Finland: 50
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    France: 98
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Germany: 18
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Australia: 104
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Canada: 240
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Mexico: 9
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    New Zealand: 7
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    United States: 4043
    Worldwide total number of subjects
    4881
    EEA total number of subjects
    478
    Number of subjects enrolled per age group
    In utero
    0
    Preterm newborn - gestational age < 37 wk
    0
    Newborns (0-27 days)
    0
    Infants and toddlers (28 days-23 months)
    0
    Children (2-11 years)
    0
    Adolescents (12-17 years)
    0
    Adults (18-64 years)
    2426
    From 65 to 84 years
    2455
    85 years and over
    0

    Subject disposition

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    Recruitment
    Recruitment details
    We enrolled patients in this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial from May 28, 2010, to December 19, 2017, at 269 sites in 10 countries in North America, Europe, Australia, and New Zealand, with the majority of the patients (82.8%) enrolled in the United States.

    Pre-assignment
    Screening details
    Patients who were at least 18 years of age were enrolled if they could undergo randomization within 12 hours after having an acute ischemic stroke with a score of 3 or less on the NIHSS or high-risk TIA with a score of 4 or more on the ABDC2 scale. They were also required to undergo head imaging to rule out intracranial bleeding or other conditions

    Period 1
    Period 1 title
    Overall trial (overall period)
    Is this the baseline period?
    Yes
    Allocation method
    Randomised - controlled
    Blinding used
    Double blind
    Roles blinded
    Subject, Investigator, Monitor
    Blinding implementation details
    Medication bottles were coded with unique randomization numbers. The dataset linking the randomization number to the actual treatment (clopidogrel or placebo) was generated and maintained at the Neurological Emergencies Treatment Trials Network Statistical and Data Management Center. The electronic file that contained partially unblinded treatment assignment (e.g., A=clopidogrel, B=placebo) was only accessible to unblinded personnel when preparing unblinded (closed) reports for the DSMB.

    Arms
    Are arms mutually exclusive
    Yes

    Arm title
    clopidogrel/aspirin
    Arm description
    Day 1: 8 tablets of clopidogrel 75 mg (loading dose of 600 mg) From D2 to D90: one tablet of clopidogrel 75 mg and 50-325 mg of aspirin per day
    Arm type
    Active comparator

    Investigational medicinal product name
    clopidogrel
    Investigational medicinal product code
    Other name
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Tablet
    Routes of administration
    Oral use
    Dosage and administration details
    Day 1: 8 tablets of clopidogrel 75 mg (loading dose of 600 mg) From D2 to D90: one tablet of clopidogrel 75 mg

    Investigational medicinal product name
    open label aspirin
    Investigational medicinal product code
    Other name
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Tablet
    Routes of administration
    Oral use
    Dosage and administration details
    Day 1: Subjects will receive open label aspirin (50 mg – 325 mg), with dose at the discretion of the treating physician From D2 to D90: 50-325 mg of aspirin per day

    Arm title
    placebo/aspirin
    Arm description
    Day 1: 8 tablets of placebo 75 mg (loading dose of 600 mg) From D2 to D90: one tablet of placebo 75 mg and 50-325 mg of aspirin per day
    Arm type
    Placebo

    Investigational medicinal product name
    open label aspirin
    Investigational medicinal product code
    Other name
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Tablet
    Routes of administration
    Oral use
    Dosage and administration details
    Day 1: Subjects will receive open label aspirin (50 mg – 325 mg), with dose at the discretion of the treating physician From D2 to D90: 50-325 mg of aspirin per day

    Investigational medicinal product name
    Placebo
    Investigational medicinal product code
    Other name
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Tablet
    Routes of administration
    Oral use
    Dosage and administration details
    Day 1: 8 tablets of placebo 75 mg (loading dose of 600 mg) From D2 to D90: one tablet of placebo 75 mg

    Number of subjects in period 1
    clopidogrel/aspirin placebo/aspirin
    Started
    2432
    2449
    Completed
    2276
    2281
    Not completed
    156
    168
         Consent withdrawn by subject
    63
    62
         Lost to follow-up
    93
    106

    Baseline characteristics

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    Baseline characteristics reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Overall trial
    Reporting group description
    -

    Reporting group values
    Overall trial Total
    Number of subjects
    4881 4881
    Age categorical
    Units: Subjects
        In utero
    0 0
        Preterm newborn infants (gestational age < 37 wks)
    0 0
        Newborns (0-27 days)
    0 0
        Infants and toddlers (28 days-23 months)
    0 0
        Children (2-11 years)
    0 0
        Adolescents (12-17 years)
    0 0
        Adults (18-64 years)
    2426 2426
        From 65-84 years
    2455 2455
        85 years and over
    0 0
    Gender categorical
    Units: Subjects
        Female
    2195 2195
        Male
    2686 2686
    Subject analysis sets

    Subject analysis set title
    as-treated analysis
    Subject analysis set type
    Modified intention-to-treat
    Subject analysis set description
    We performed a secondary, as-treated analysis of the primary outcome that included patients who had received at least one dose of a trial regimen, with data censored 1 day after permanent discontinuation of trial medication.

    Subject analysis sets values
    as-treated analysis
    Number of subjects
    4819
    Age categorical
    Units: Subjects
        In utero
    0
        Preterm newborn infants (gestational age < 37 wks)
    0
        Newborns (0-27 days)
    0
        Infants and toddlers (28 days-23 months)
    0
        Children (2-11 years)
    0
        Adolescents (12-17 years)
    0
        Adults (18-64 years)
        From 65-84 years
        85 years and over
    0
    Age continuous
    Units:
        
    ( )
    Gender categorical
    Units: Subjects
        Female
        Male

    End points

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    End points reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    clopidogrel/aspirin
    Reporting group description
    Day 1: 8 tablets of clopidogrel 75 mg (loading dose of 600 mg) From D2 to D90: one tablet of clopidogrel 75 mg and 50-325 mg of aspirin per day

    Reporting group title
    placebo/aspirin
    Reporting group description
    Day 1: 8 tablets of placebo 75 mg (loading dose of 600 mg) From D2 to D90: one tablet of placebo 75 mg and 50-325 mg of aspirin per day

    Subject analysis set title
    as-treated analysis
    Subject analysis set type
    Modified intention-to-treat
    Subject analysis set description
    We performed a secondary, as-treated analysis of the primary outcome that included patients who had received at least one dose of a trial regimen, with data censored 1 day after permanent discontinuation of trial medication.

    Primary: risk of a composite of ischemic stroke, myocardial infarction, or death from ischemic vascular causes (major ischemic events)

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    End point title
    risk of a composite of ischemic stroke, myocardial infarction, or death from ischemic vascular causes (major ischemic events)
    End point description
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    90 days (with a window of ±14 days) after randomization
    End point values
    clopidogrel/aspirin placebo/aspirin
    Number of subjects analysed
    2432
    2449
    Units: number of patients
    121
    160
    Attachments
    Table 2. Efficacy and Safety Outcomes
    Figure 2. Primary Efficacy and Safety Outcomes
    Statistical analysis title
    composite primary efficacy outcome
    Statistical analysis description
    We determined that a sample of 4150 patients would provide the trial with a power of 90% to detect a hazard ratio of 0.75 with a two-sided alpha level of 0.05 on the basis of an event rate of 15% in the aspirin-only group. The sample was inflated to account for two interim analyses of the primary efficacy outcome with the use of an O’Brien–Fleming spending function.
    Comparison groups
    clopidogrel/aspirin v placebo/aspirin
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    4881
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    = 0.02
    Method
    Logrank
    Parameter type
    Cox proportional hazard
    Point estimate
    0.75
    Confidence interval
         level
    95%
         sides
    2-sided
         lower limit
    0.59
         upper limit
    0.94

    Secondary: risk of ischemic stroke

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    End point title
    risk of ischemic stroke
    End point description
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    90 days (with a window of ±14 days) after randomization
    End point values
    clopidogrel/aspirin placebo/aspirin
    Number of subjects analysed
    2432
    2449
    Units: number of patients
    112
    155
    Attachments
    Table 2. Efficacy and Safety Outcomes
    Statistical analysis title
    secondary outcome of ischemic stroke
    Comparison groups
    clopidogrel/aspirin v placebo/aspirin
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    4881
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    = 0.01
    Method
    Logrank
    Parameter type
    Cox proportional hazard
    Point estimate
    0.72
    Confidence interval
         level
    95%
         sides
    2-sided
         lower limit
    0.56
         upper limit
    0.92

    Secondary: outcome of ischemic stroke, myocardial infarction, death from ischemic vascular causes, or major hemorrhage

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    End point title
    outcome of ischemic stroke, myocardial infarction, death from ischemic vascular causes, or major hemorrhage
    End point description
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    90 days (with a window of ±14 days) after randomization
    End point values
    clopidogrel/aspirin placebo/aspirin
    Number of subjects analysed
    2432
    2449
    Units: number of patients
    141
    167
    Statistical analysis title
    secondary outcome of combined events
    Statistical analysis description
    outcome of ischemic stroke, myocardial infarction, death from ischemic vascular causes, or major hemorrhage
    Comparison groups
    clopidogrel/aspirin v placebo/aspirin
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    4881
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    = 0.13
    Method
    Logrank
    Parameter type
    Cox proportional hazard
    Point estimate
    0.84
    Confidence interval
         level
    95%
         sides
    2-sided
         lower limit
    0.67
         upper limit
    1.05

    Other pre-specified: primary safety outcome of major hemorrhage

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    End point title
    primary safety outcome of major hemorrhage
    End point description
    End point type
    Other pre-specified
    End point timeframe
    90 days (with a window of ±14 days) after randomization
    End point values
    clopidogrel/aspirin placebo/aspirin
    Number of subjects analysed
    2432
    2449
    Units: number of patients
    23
    10
    Attachments
    Table 2. Efficacy and Safety Outcomes
    Figure 2. Primary Efficacy and Safety Outcomes
    Statistical analysis title
    primary safety outcome of major hemorrhage
    Comparison groups
    clopidogrel/aspirin v placebo/aspirin
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    4881
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    = 0.02
    Method
    Logrank
    Parameter type
    Cox proportional hazard
    Point estimate
    2.32
    Confidence interval
         level
    95%
         sides
    2-sided
         lower limit
    1.1
         upper limit
    4.87

    Other pre-specified: secondary safety outcome of minor hemorrhage

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    End point title
    secondary safety outcome of minor hemorrhage
    End point description
    End point type
    Other pre-specified
    End point timeframe
    90 days (with a window of ±14 days) after randomization
    End point values
    clopidogrel/aspirin placebo/aspirin
    Number of subjects analysed
    2432
    2449
    Units: number of patients
    40
    13
    Statistical analysis title
    Secondary safety outcome of minor hemorrhage
    Comparison groups
    clopidogrel/aspirin v placebo/aspirin
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    4881
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    = 0.002
    Method
    Logrank
    Parameter type
    Cox proportional hazard
    Point estimate
    3.12
    Confidence interval
         level
    95%
         sides
    2-sided
         lower limit
    1.67
         upper limit
    5.85

    Other pre-specified: major ischemic events

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    End point title
    major ischemic events
    End point description
    End point type
    Other pre-specified
    End point timeframe
    90 days (with a window of ±14 days) after randomization
    End point values
    clopidogrel/aspirin placebo/aspirin as-treated analysis
    Number of subjects analysed
    2398
    2421
    4819
    Units: number pf patients
    102
    141
    243
    Statistical analysis title
    as-treated major ischemic events
    Comparison groups
    placebo/aspirin v clopidogrel/aspirin
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    4819
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    = 0.01
    Method
    Logrank
    Parameter type
    Cox proportional hazard
    Point estimate
    0.73
    Confidence interval
         level
    95%
         sides
    2-sided
         lower limit
    0.56
         upper limit
    0.94

    Other pre-specified: as treated major hemorrhage

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    End point title
    as treated major hemorrhage
    End point description
    End point type
    Other pre-specified
    End point timeframe
    Patients were followed for 90 days (with a window of +/- 14 days) after randomization.
    End point values
    clopidogrel/aspirin placebo/aspirin as-treated analysis
    Number of subjects analysed
    2398
    2421
    4819
    Units: number of subjects
    21
    6
    27
    Statistical analysis title
    as-treated major hemorrhage
    Comparison groups
    clopidogrel/aspirin v placebo/aspirin
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    4819
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    = 0.003
    Method
    Logrank
    Parameter type
    Cox proportional hazard
    Point estimate
    3.57
    Confidence interval
         level
    95%
         sides
    2-sided
         lower limit
    1.44
         upper limit
    8.85

    Adverse events

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    Adverse events information
    Timeframe for reporting adverse events
    Patients were followed for 90 days (with a window of +/- 14 days) after randomization.
    Adverse event reporting additional description
    To reduce the risk of hemorrhage, subjects were monitored carefully. Study medications were stopped if bleeding or other major complications occurred and before any elective procedure. To mitigate potential risk of dipyridamole, use was prohibited. Non-serious AEs were not collected unless they qualified as a Clinical Outcome.
    Assessment type
    Systematic
    Dictionary used for adverse event reporting
    Dictionary name
    MedDRA
    Dictionary version
    15
    Reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Adverse Events
    Reporting group description
    Serious Adverse Events and Clinical Outcomes classified as Adverse Event

    Serious adverse events
    Adverse Events
    Total subjects affected by serious adverse events
         subjects affected / exposed
    764 / 4881 (15.65%)
         number of deaths (all causes)
    32
         number of deaths resulting from adverse events
    0
    Neoplasms benign, malignant and unspecified (incl cysts and polyps)
    Benign neoplasm
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Bladder cancer
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Brain neoplasm
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Carcinoid tumour
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Carotid body tumour
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Lung adenocarcinoma
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Lung neoplasm
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Lung neoplasm malignant
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Metastases to central nervous system
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    Metastases to meninges
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Neoplasm malignant
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Non-small cell lung cancer
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Oesophageal carcinoma
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    Pancreatic carcinoma
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    Small intestine carcinoma
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Vascular disorders
    Accelerated hypertension
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Aortic aneurysm
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Aortic dissection
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    Aortic stenosis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Arterial occlusive disease
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 4881 (0.04%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Arteriosclerosis
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 4881 (0.04%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Arteriovenous fistula
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Deep vein thrombosis
         subjects affected / exposed
    7 / 4881 (0.14%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 7
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Haematoma
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 4881 (0.06%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 3
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Haemorrhage
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 4881 (0.04%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Hypertension
         subjects affected / exposed
    6 / 4881 (0.12%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 6
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Hypertensive crisis
         subjects affected / exposed
    7 / 4881 (0.14%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 7
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Hypertensive emergency
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Hypotension
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 4881 (0.06%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 3
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Orthostatic hypotension
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Peripheral arterial occlusive disease
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Peripheral vascular disorder
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Subclavian steal syndrome
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Surgical and medical procedures
    Arterial repair
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Cardiac pacemaker insertion
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 4881 (0.06%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 3
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Cardioversion
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Carotid artery stent insertion
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 4881 (0.04%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Carotid endarterectomy
         subjects affected / exposed
    14 / 4881 (0.29%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 15
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Cholecystectomy
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 4881 (0.04%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Coronary revascularisation
         subjects affected / exposed
    6 / 4881 (0.12%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 6
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Drug rehabilitation
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Endarterectomy
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Intra-cerebral aneurysm operation
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Nephrectomy
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Rotator cuff repair
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Toe amputation
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    General disorders and administration site conditions
    Asthenia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Cardiac death
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    Chest discomfort
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Chest pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    15 / 4881 (0.31%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    2 / 15
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Death
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    Fatigue
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Implant site haemorrhage
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Non-cardiac chest pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 4881 (0.04%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Oedema peripheral
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 4881 (0.04%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Pyrexia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Immune system disorders
    Hypersensitivity
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 4881 (0.04%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    2 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Reproductive system and breast disorders
    Vaginal haemorrhage
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
    Acute respiratory failure
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Asthma
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 4881 (0.08%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 6
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    Dyspnoea
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 4881 (0.06%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 3
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Dyspnoea exertional
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Haemoptysis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Haemothorax
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Hypoxia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Nasal cavity mass
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Pneumonia aspiration
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Pulmonary embolism
         subjects affected / exposed
    7 / 4881 (0.14%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 7
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Respiratory distress
         subjects affected / exposed
    6 / 4881 (0.12%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 6
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 3
    Respiratory failure
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    Psychiatric disorders
    Acute psychosis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Acute stress disorder
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Anxiety
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 4881 (0.04%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Confusional state
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 4881 (0.08%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 4
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Conversion disorder
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Delirium
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 4881 (0.06%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 3
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Depression
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 4881 (0.04%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    dysthymic disorder
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Major depression
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Mental status changes
         subjects affected / exposed
    5 / 4881 (0.10%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 5
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    somatisation disorder
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Stress
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Suicidal ideation
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 4881 (0.04%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Suicide attempt
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 4881 (0.04%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Investigations
    Aspiration bronchial
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    Catheterisation cardiac
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Troponin increased
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Injury, poisoning and procedural complications
    Ankle fracture
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Contusion
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Craniocerebral injury
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Fall
         subjects affected / exposed
    6 / 4881 (0.12%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 6
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Femoral neck fracture
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Femur fracture
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Hip fracture
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Multiple fractures
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Patella fracture
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Rib fracture
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 4881 (0.06%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 3
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Subdural haematoma
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Tibia fracture
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Wrist fracture
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Congenital, familial and genetic disorders
    Atrial septal defect
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 4881 (0.08%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 4
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Cardiac disorders
    Acute myocardial infarction
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 4881 (0.06%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 3
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    Acute coronary syndrome
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 4881 (0.06%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 3
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Angina pectoris
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Angina unstable
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 4881 (0.04%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Arrhythmia
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 4881 (0.04%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Atrial fibrillation
         subjects affected / exposed
    39 / 4881 (0.80%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 39
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Atrial flutter
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 4881 (0.04%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Atrioventricular block
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 4881 (0.04%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Atrioventricular block complete
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Bradycardia
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 4881 (0.06%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 3
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Cardiac arrest
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 4881 (0.06%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 3
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 3
    Cardiac failure
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 4881 (0.06%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 3
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Cardiac failure congestive
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 4881 (0.06%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 3
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Cardio-respiratory arrest
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 4881 (0.06%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 3
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 3
    Cardiomyopathy acute
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Congestive cardiomyopathy
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Coronary artery disease
         subjects affected / exposed
    5 / 4881 (0.10%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 5
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Heart valve incompetence
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Intracardiac thrombus
         subjects affected / exposed
    7 / 4881 (0.14%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 7
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Ischaemic cardiomyopathy
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Left ventricular dysfunction
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Myocardial infarction
         subjects affected / exposed
    8 / 4881 (0.16%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 8
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
    Pericardial effusion
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Supraventricular tachycardia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Ventricular tachycardia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Nervous system disorders
    Balance disorder
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Carotid artery dissection
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Carotid artery stenosis
         subjects affected / exposed
    27 / 4881 (0.55%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 27
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Central nervous system lesion
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Cerebellar infarction
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 4881 (0.04%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Cerebral ischaemia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Cerebral venous thrombosis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Cerebrovascular accident
         subjects affected / exposed
    40 / 4881 (0.82%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 42
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Cognitive disorder
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    complex partial seizures
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 4881 (0.04%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    complicated migraine
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 4881 (0.06%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 3
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    convulsion
         subjects affected / exposed
    19 / 4881 (0.39%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 20
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Diabetic hyperglycaemic coma
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Dizziness
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 4881 (0.04%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Dysarthria
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Embolic stroke
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Encephalopathy
         subjects affected / exposed
    5 / 4881 (0.10%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 5
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Epilepsy
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Guillain-Barre syndrome
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Haemorrhage intracranial
         subjects affected / exposed
    6 / 4881 (0.12%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 6
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
    Haemorrhagic transformation stroke
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 4881 (0.08%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 4
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    Headache
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 4881 (0.08%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 4
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Hemiparesis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Hypoaesthesia
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 4881 (0.04%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Intracranial haematoma
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Ischaemic cerebral infarction
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Ischaemic stroke
         subjects affected / exposed
    195 / 4881 (4.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 201
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 3
    Lacunar infarction
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 4881 (0.04%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Metabolic encephalopathy
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 4881 (0.04%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Migraine
         subjects affected / exposed
    5 / 4881 (0.10%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 6
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Neurological decompensation
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 4881 (0.06%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 3
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Neurological symptom
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Optic neuritis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Paraesthesia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Partial seizures
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Presyncope
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 4881 (0.08%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 4
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Reversible ischaemic neurological deficit
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Seizure
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Speech disorder
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Subarachnoid haemorrhage
         subjects affected / exposed
    6 / 4881 (0.12%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 6
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Syncope
         subjects affected / exposed
    10 / 4881 (0.20%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 10
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Transient ischaemic attack
         subjects affected / exposed
    104 / 4881 (2.13%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 116
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Tremor
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Blood and lymphatic system disorders
    Anaemia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Leukocytosis
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 4881 (0.04%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Ear and labyrinth disorders
    Vertigo
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Vertigo positional
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 4881 (0.04%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Eye disorders
    Retinal artery occlusion
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Vitreous haemorrhage
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Gastrointestinal disorders
    Abdominal pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Colitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Constipation
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Diarrhoea
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Diverticulum
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Duodenal ulcer
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Dyspepsia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Dysphagia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Faecaloma
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Gastric ulcer
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Gastric ulcer haemorrhage
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Gastrointestinal haemorrhage
         subjects affected / exposed
    11 / 4881 (0.23%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 13
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Haemorrhoids
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Impaired gastric emptying
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Intestinal ischaemia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Intestinal obstruction
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    Melaena
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Nausea
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 4881 (0.04%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Pancreatitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 4881 (0.04%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Pancreatitis acute
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 4881 (0.04%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Rectal haemorrhage
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 4881 (0.04%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Small intestinal obstruction
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Vomiting
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 4881 (0.04%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Hepatobiliary disorders
    Cholecystitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Cholecystitis acute
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 4881 (0.04%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Hyperbilirubinaemia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders
    Angioedema
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 4881 (0.08%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 4
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Erythema
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Pruritus
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 4881 (0.04%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Rash
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 4881 (0.04%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    2 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Urticaria
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Renal and urinary disorders
    calculus ureteric
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Haematuria
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 4881 (0.08%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 4
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Nephrolithiasis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Nephrotic syndrome
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    renal failure acute
         subjects affected / exposed
    8 / 4881 (0.16%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 8
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    Renal infarct
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Urinary retention
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 4881 (0.04%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders
    Arthralgia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Arthritis reactive
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Back pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Cervical spinal stenosis
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 4881 (0.04%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Costochondritis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Intervertebral disc degeneration
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Musculoskeletal chest pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Polymyalgia rheumatica
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Spinal osteoarthritis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Infections and infestations
    Cellulitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 4881 (0.04%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Cytomegalovirus infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Endocarditis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Gastroenteritis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Gastrointestinal infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Influenza
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    lobar pneumonia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Localised infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    meningitis lepto
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Neurosyphilis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Pneumococcal sepsis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Pneumonia
         subjects affected / exposed
    10 / 4881 (0.20%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 10
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    Pneumonia influenzal
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Pyelonephritis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Pyelonephritis acute
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    sepsis
         subjects affected / exposed
    8 / 4881 (0.16%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 9
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    Sinusitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Urinary tract infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    7 / 4881 (0.14%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 7
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Urosepsis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Metabolism and nutrition disorders
    Dehydration
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 4881 (0.08%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 4
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Diabetic ketoacidosis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Electrolyte imbalance
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Failure to thrive
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Hyperglycaemia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Hypoglycaemia
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 4881 (0.08%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 4
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Hypokalaemia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Hyponatraemia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    Frequency threshold for reporting non-serious adverse events: 0%
    Non-serious adverse events
    Adverse Events
    Total subjects affected by non serious adverse events
         subjects affected / exposed
    173 / 4881 (3.54%)
    Injury, poisoning and procedural complications
    Contusion
         subjects affected / exposed
    8 / 4881 (0.16%)
         occurrences all number
    8
    Vascular disorders
    Haemorrhage
         subjects affected / exposed
    8 / 4881 (0.16%)
         occurrences all number
    8
    Cardiac disorders
    Acute myocardial infarction
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Myocardial infarction
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Nervous system disorders
    Cerebral amyloid angiopathy
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Cerebrovascular accident
         subjects affected / exposed
    7 / 4881 (0.14%)
         occurrences all number
    7
    Haemorrhage intracranial
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 4881 (0.04%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    Haemorrhagic transformation stroke
         subjects affected / exposed
    6 / 4881 (0.12%)
         occurrences all number
    6
    Hypoaesthesia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Ischaemic stroke
         subjects affected / exposed
    32 / 4881 (0.66%)
         occurrences all number
    33
    Lacunar infarction
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Subarachnoid haemorrhage
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Transient ischaemic attack
         subjects affected / exposed
    82 / 4881 (1.68%)
         occurrences all number
    89
    Eye disorders
    Conjunctival haemorrhage
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Gastrointestinal disorders
    Gastrointestinal haemorrhage
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 4881 (0.04%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    Haematochezia
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 4881 (0.08%)
         occurrences all number
    4
    Haemorrhoidal haemorrhage
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Rectal haemorrhage
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 4881 (0.08%)
         occurrences all number
    4
    Reproductive system and breast disorders
    Dysfunctional uterine bleeding
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Vaginal haemorrhage
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
    Epistaxis
         subjects affected / exposed
    8 / 4881 (0.16%)
         occurrences all number
    8
    Haemoptysis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4881 (0.02%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders
    Ecchymosis
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 4881 (0.04%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    Renal and urinary disorders
    Haematuria
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 4881 (0.08%)
         occurrences all number
    4

    More information

    Close Top of page

    Substantial protocol amendments (globally)

    Were there any global substantial amendments to the protocol? No

    Interruptions (globally)

    Were there any global interruptions to the trial? Yes
    Date
    Interruption
    Restart date
    30 Jun 2014
    POINT study drug shipments were temporarily suspended due to a delay in the delivery of new study drug from the manufacturer.
    15 Aug 2014
    01 Jun 2016
    POINT study drug shipments were temporarily suspended due to a delay in the delivery of new study drug from the manufacturer.
    01 Nov 2016
    19 Dec 2017
    Trial enrollment was halted due to confirmation of a significant excess in the number of patients with major hemorrhage in the combined antiplatelet group, and a planned analysis determined that a treatment effect had crossed the significance boundary for efficacy.
    -

    Limitations and caveats

    Limitations of the trial such as small numbers of subjects analysed or technical problems leading to unreliable data.
    Patients with moderate-to-severe stroke, those with cardioembolic stoke, and those who are candidates for thrombolysis or thromobectomy were not represented int he trial, so results cannot be generalized to these groups.

    Online references

    http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29766750
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