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    Clinical Trial Results:
    A randomised, multi-centre, open-label, active-comparator, pragmatic clinical trial of low-dose colchicine versus naproxen in patients with acute gout.

    Summary
    EudraCT number
    2013-001354-95
    Trial protocol
    GB  
    Global end of trial date
    31 Mar 2016

    Results information
    Results version number
    v1
    This version publication date
    28 Apr 2017
    First version publication date
    28 Apr 2017
    Other versions
    v2 , v3

    Trial information

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    Trial identification
    Sponsor protocol code
    149/11
    Additional study identifiers
    ISRCTN number
    ISRCTN69836939
    US NCT number
    NCT01994226
    WHO universal trial number (UTN)
    -
    Sponsors
    Sponsor organisation name
    Keele University
    Sponsor organisation address
    Keele University , Staffordshire, United Kingdom, ST5 5BG
    Public contact
    Dr Clark Crawford , Keele University, 01782 734714, research.governance@keele.ac.uk
    Scientific contact
    Dr Clark Crawford , Keele University, 01782 734714, research.governance@keele.ac.uk
    Paediatric regulatory details
    Is trial part of an agreed paediatric investigation plan (PIP)
    No
    Does article 45 of REGULATION (EC) No 1901/2006 apply to this trial?
    No
    Does article 46 of REGULATION (EC) No 1901/2006 apply to this trial?
    No
    Results analysis stage
    Analysis stage
    Final
    Date of interim/final analysis
    31 Mar 2017
    Is this the analysis of the primary completion data?
    Yes
    Primary completion date
    31 Mar 2016
    Global end of trial reached?
    Yes
    Global end of trial date
    31 Mar 2016
    Was the trial ended prematurely?
    No
    General information about the trial
    Main objective of the trial
    The principal research objective is to compare the effectiveness of two licensed drugs, which are frequently prescribed within primary care, to reduce pain from acute gout; namely low-dose Colchicine and Naproxen.
    Protection of trial subjects
    The trial was performed in accordance with the recommendations guiding physicians in biomedical research involving human subjects adopted by the 18th World Medical Assembly, Helsinki, Finland, 1964, amended at the 52nd World Medical Association General Assembly, Edinburgh, Scotland. Informed written consent was obtained from the participants prior to randomisation into the trial. The right of a participant to refuse participation without giving reasons was respected. The trial was submitted to and approved by a main Research Ethics Committee (main REC) and the appropriate Site Specific Assessor for each participating centre prior to entering participants into the trial. All information collected during the course of the trial is kept strictly confidential. Keele CTU comply with all aspects of the 1998 Data Protection Act.
    Background therapy
    None.
    Evidence for comparator
    The numerous previous trials of NSAIDs for acute gout have either compared NSAID to placebo or, more commonly, involved head-to-head comparisons of one NSAID against corticosteroids, or another NSAID or a COX-2 selective inhibitor . To date, oral NSAIDs have not been directly compared to low-dose colchicine. This randomised trial will be the first direct head-to-head comparison of the effectiveness of naproxen, a commonly used NSAID, with low-dose colchicine for the management of acute gout. It will also directly compare the side-effect profiles of these two treatments, which has important implications for patient safety in view of the increasing prevalence of gout with age, considerable associated comorbidity, and the frequent need to provide repeat prescriptions for recurrent attacks of acute gout. Both naproxen and colchicine have a licence to treat acute gout. Evidence-based guidelines for the management of acute gout state that there is no evidence of superiority of any one NSAID over another and, where use of a NSAID is considered appropriate, recommend the use of any fast-acting NSAID. We have chosen to use naproxen in this trial because it is of comparable effectiveness to oral prednisolone for the treatment of acute gout, is thought to be safer from a cardiovascular perspective than other commonly used NSAIDs such as diclofenac and indomethacin, and is inexpensive. Cardiovascular risk is an important consideration as gout has been shown to be an independent risk factor for coronary heart disease. This trial is needed to establish the effectiveness, safety and cost-effectiveness of low-dose colchicine as a viable alternative to NSAIDs for the first-line treatment of acute gout in primary care.
    Actual start date of recruitment
    29 Jan 2014
    Long term follow-up planned
    No
    Independent data monitoring committee (IDMC) involvement?
    Yes
    Population of trial subjects
    Number of subjects enrolled per country
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    United Kingdom: 399
    Worldwide total number of subjects
    399
    EEA total number of subjects
    399
    Number of subjects enrolled per age group
    In utero
    0
    Preterm newborn - gestational age < 37 wk
    0
    Newborns (0-27 days)
    0
    Infants and toddlers (28 days-23 months)
    0
    Children (2-11 years)
    0
    Adolescents (12-17 years)
    0
    Adults (18-64 years)
    240
    From 65 to 84 years
    154
    85 years and over
    5

    Subject disposition

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    Recruitment
    Recruitment details
    Participants with acute gout were recruited at a consultation with their general practitioner

    Pre-assignment
    Screening details
    Prior to randomisation the following was completed: - Eligibility assessment - Informed Consent form - Baseline Questionnaire

    Period 1
    Period 1 title
    Overall Trial (overall period)
    Is this the baseline period?
    Yes
    Allocation method
    Randomised - controlled
    Blinding used
    Not blinded
    Blinding implementation details
    The statistician was blind to participant's treatment allocation during the trial.

    Arms
    Are arms mutually exclusive
    Yes

    Arm title
    Naproxen
    Arm description
    750 mg immediately followed by 250 mg every eight hours for up to 7 days
    Arm type
    Active comparator

    Investigational medicinal product name
    Naproxen
    Investigational medicinal product code
    Other name
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Tablet
    Routes of administration
    Oral use
    Dosage and administration details
    Naproxen (oral use): Single initial dose of 750mg (three tablets) followed by 250mg (one tablet) every eight hours up to seven days.

    Arm title
    Low dose Colchicine
    Arm description
    500 mcg every eight hours for four days
    Arm type
    Active comparator

    Investigational medicinal product name
    Colchicine
    Investigational medicinal product code
    Other name
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Tablet
    Routes of administration
    Oral use
    Dosage and administration details
    Low-dose colchicine (oral use): 500mcg (one tablet) every eight hours for four days.

    Number of subjects in period 1
    Naproxen Low dose Colchicine
    Started
    200
    199
    Completed
    179
    180
    Not completed
    21
    19
         Early Cessation of treatment
    11
    6
         Protocol deviation
    10
    13

    Baseline characteristics

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    Baseline characteristics reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Naproxen
    Reporting group description
    750 mg immediately followed by 250 mg every eight hours for up to 7 days

    Reporting group title
    Low dose Colchicine
    Reporting group description
    500 mcg every eight hours for four days

    Reporting group values
    Naproxen Low dose Colchicine Total
    Number of subjects
    200 199 399
    Age categorical
    Units: Subjects
    Age continuous
    Units: years
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    58.7 ( 14.4 ) 60 ( 13.4 ) -
    Gender categorical
    Units: Subjects
        Female
    27 25 52
        Male
    173 174 347
    Site of Recruitment
    Baseline characteristics are summarized for the two treatment groups using appropriate descriptive statistics: mean (SD) for normally distributed numerical variables; median (inter-quartile range) for skewed numerical variables; frequency counts for categorical variables. Crude descriptive summary values for outcomes are also presented: mean absolute and change (pain) scores at each follow up time point with standard deviations (SD); other outcome measures are mostly categorical and are summarised through frequency counts (percent).
    Units: Subjects
        Keele
    55 52 107
        Southampton
    88 101 189
        Nottingham
    16 15 31
        Oxford
    41 31 72
    Preferred mode of contact
    Units: Subjects
        Electronic
    59 63 122
        Postal
    141 136 277
    First instance of Gout
    Units: Subjects
        Yes
    35 51 86
        No
    161 144 305
        Missing Data
    4 4 8
    Number of body parts affecred
    Units: Subjects
        One
    139 145 284
        Two
    34 27 61
        Three
    13 9 22
        Four
    6 13 19
        more than or equal to 5
    4 1 5
        Missing data
    4 4 8
    Body Part affected - Shoulder
    Units: Subjects
        Shoulder Yes
    2 1 3
        Shoulder No
    198 198 396
    Body Part affected - Elbow
    Units: Subjects
        Elbow Yes
    4 11 15
        Elbow No
    196 188 384
    Body Part affected - Wrist
    Units: Subjects
        Wrist Yes
    8 7 15
        Wrist No
    192 192 384
    Body part affected - Thumb Base
    Units: Subjects
        Thumb base - Yes
    5 9 14
        Thumb Base - No
    195 190 385
    Body Part affected - Small finger joints
    Units: Subjects
        Small finger joints yes
    11 8 19
        Small finger joints no
    189 191 380
    Body Part affected - Hip
    Units: Subjects
        Hip - Yes
    2 1 3
        Hip - No
    198 198 396
    Body part affected - Knee
    Units: Subjects
        Knee - Yes
    17 19 36
        Knee - No
    183 180 363
    Body part affected - Ankle
    Units: Subjects
        Ankle- Yes
    31 33 64
        Ankle - No
    169 166 335
    Body part affected - Mid-foot
    Units: Subjects
        Mid Foot- Yes
    41 32 73
        Mid Foot - No
    159 167 326
    Body part affected - Big Toe Bunion Joint
    Units: Subjects
        Big Toe Bunion Joint - Yes
    142 135 277
        Big Toe Bunion Joint - No
    58 64 122
    Body Part affected - other toes
    Units: Subjects
        Other Toes - Yes
    28 28 56
        Other Toes - No
    172 171 343
    Body Part affected - missing data
    Units: Subjects
        Missing data - Yes
    4 4 8
        Missing data - No
    196 195 391
    Pain NRS
    Units: 0-10
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    7.1 ( 2.1 ) 6.9 ( 2.2 ) -
    EQ5D-5L
    Units: EQ5D units
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    0.665 ( 0.21 ) 0.666 ( 0.225 ) -
    Age when diagnosed
    Units: Age
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    52.1 ( 15.2 ) 53.4 ( 14.6 ) -
    Subject analysis sets

    Subject analysis set title
    Main Analysis
    Subject analysis set type
    Full analysis
    Subject analysis set description
    Main analysis was by ITT with evaluation of randomized participants as per allocation assignment. 399 participants were randomised between 02/2014-12/2015; follow up response was 86% in the naproxen group and 89% in the colchicine arm at days 7 and 4 weeks. Average pain scores dropped sharply in both treatment arms over the first 7 days from 7.1 and 6.9 at baseline to 1.4 and 1.5 at day 7 for naproxen and colchicine groups, respectively. For the primary endpoint analysis of between-group difference in average pain-change scores over 7 days through linear mixed model analysis adjusted for baseline pain score, age and gender: the mean difference was -0.19 (95% CI: -0.55, 0.16; p=0.283) This equated to a ‘small’ effect size (0.09) in favour of naproxen. The largest between-group mean difference was at day 2, which was -0.48 (95% CI: -0.86, -0.09; p=0.015) in favour of naproxen. Sensitivity analyses showed similar overall results as did per-protocol evaluation of treatment compliers.

    Subject analysis sets values
    Main Analysis
    Number of subjects
    399
    Age categorical
    Units: Subjects
    Age continuous
    Units: years
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    59.4 ( 13.9 )
    Gender categorical
    Units: Subjects
        Female
    52
        Male
    347
    Site of Recruitment
    Baseline characteristics are summarized for the two treatment groups using appropriate descriptive statistics: mean (SD) for normally distributed numerical variables; median (inter-quartile range) for skewed numerical variables; frequency counts for categorical variables. Crude descriptive summary values for outcomes are also presented: mean absolute and change (pain) scores at each follow up time point with standard deviations (SD); other outcome measures are mostly categorical and are summarised through frequency counts (percent).
    Units: Subjects
        Keele
    107
        Southampton
    189
        Nottingham
    31
        Oxford
    72
    Preferred mode of contact
    Units: Subjects
        Electronic
    122
        Postal
    277
    First instance of Gout
    Units: Subjects
        Yes
    86
        No
    305
        Missing Data
    8
    Number of body parts affecred
    Units: Subjects
        One
    284
        Two
    61
        Three
    22
        Four
    19
        more than or equal to 5
    5
        Missing data
    8
    Body Part affected - Shoulder
    Units: Subjects
        Shoulder Yes
    3
        Shoulder No
    396
    Body Part affected - Elbow
    Units: Subjects
        Elbow Yes
    15
        Elbow No
    384
    Body Part affected - Wrist
    Units: Subjects
        Wrist Yes
    15
        Wrist No
    384
    Body part affected - Thumb Base
    Units: Subjects
        Thumb base - Yes
    14
        Thumb Base - No
    385
    Body Part affected - Small finger joints
    Units: Subjects
        Small finger joints yes
    19
        Small finger joints no
    380
    Body Part affected - Hip
    Units: Subjects
        Hip - Yes
    3
        Hip - No
    396
    Body part affected - Knee
    Units: Subjects
        Knee - Yes
    36
        Knee - No
    363
    Body part affected - Ankle
    Units: Subjects
        Ankle- Yes
    64
        Ankle - No
    335
    Body part affected - Mid-foot
    Units: Subjects
        Mid Foot- Yes
    73
        Mid Foot - No
    326
    Body part affected - Big Toe Bunion Joint
    Units: Subjects
        Big Toe Bunion Joint - Yes
    277
        Big Toe Bunion Joint - No
    122
    Body Part affected - other toes
    Units: Subjects
        Other Toes - Yes
    56
        Other Toes - No
    343
    Body Part affected - missing data
    Units: Subjects
        Missing data - Yes
    8
        Missing data - No
    391
    Pain NRS
    Units: 0-10
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    7 ( 2.1 )
    EQ5D-5L
    Units: EQ5D units
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    0.666 ( 0.217 )
    Age when diagnosed
    Units: Age
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    52.8 ( 14.9 )

    End points

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    End points reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Naproxen
    Reporting group description
    750 mg immediately followed by 250 mg every eight hours for up to 7 days

    Reporting group title
    Low dose Colchicine
    Reporting group description
    500 mcg every eight hours for four days

    Subject analysis set title
    Main Analysis
    Subject analysis set type
    Full analysis
    Subject analysis set description
    Main analysis was by ITT with evaluation of randomized participants as per allocation assignment. 399 participants were randomised between 02/2014-12/2015; follow up response was 86% in the naproxen group and 89% in the colchicine arm at days 7 and 4 weeks. Average pain scores dropped sharply in both treatment arms over the first 7 days from 7.1 and 6.9 at baseline to 1.4 and 1.5 at day 7 for naproxen and colchicine groups, respectively. For the primary endpoint analysis of between-group difference in average pain-change scores over 7 days through linear mixed model analysis adjusted for baseline pain score, age and gender: the mean difference was -0.19 (95% CI: -0.55, 0.16; p=0.283) This equated to a ‘small’ effect size (0.09) in favour of naproxen. The largest between-group mean difference was at day 2, which was -0.48 (95% CI: -0.86, -0.09; p=0.015) in favour of naproxen. Sensitivity analyses showed similar overall results as did per-protocol evaluation of treatment compliers.

    Primary: Comparison of pain scores at follow up (primary outcome) ITT analysis

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    End point title
    Comparison of pain scores at follow up (primary outcome) ITT analysis
    End point description
    As above
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    The primary endpoint measure will be pain measured on a 0-10 pain intensity numeric rating scale measured over days 0-7.
    End point values
    Naproxen Low dose Colchicine
    Number of subjects analysed
    193
    194
    Units: 0-10
    arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
        Day 1
    6.7 ( 2.1 )
    6.5 ( 2.4 )
        Day 2
    4.9 ( 2.4 )
    5.2 ( 2.4 )
        Day 3
    3.8 ( 2.5 )
    3.9 ( 2.4 )
        Day 4
    2.8 ( 2.3 )
    2.8 ( 2.3 )
        Day 5
    2.3 ( 2.4 )
    2.3 ( 2.2 )
        Day 6
    1.8 ( 2.2 )
    2 ( 2.1 )
        Day 7
    1.4 ( 2 )
    5.4 ( 2.7 )
    Attachments
    Comparison of pain scores primary outcome measure
    Statistical analysis title
    Main Analysis
    Statistical analysis description
    Main analysis was by intention to treat (ITT) with evaluation of randomized participants as per allocation assignment.
    Comparison groups
    Naproxen v Low dose Colchicine
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    387
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority [1]
    P-value
    < 0.283
    Method
    Mixed models analysis
    Parameter type
    Mean difference (final values)
    Point estimate
    -0.19
    Confidence interval
         level
    95%
         sides
    2-sided
         lower limit
    -0.55
         upper limit
    0.16
    Variability estimate
    Standard error of the mean
    Notes
    [1] - For the primary endpoint analysis of between-group difference in average pain-change scores over 7 days through linear mixed model analysis adjusted for baseline pain score, age and gender: the mean difference was -0.19 (95% CI: -0.55, 0.16; p=0.283) This equated to a ‘small’ effect size (0.09) in favour of naproxen.

    Secondary: Daily Medication use within the first week of follow up

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    End point title
    Daily Medication use within the first week of follow up
    End point description
    Generalised linear models (binary or ordinal logistic models) were used to model estimates for between-group comparisons of secondary outcomes: global assessment of response to treatment, another attack of gout, contact with health professionals (GP in the GP Practice, Practice nurse, emergency GP, Accident & Emergency), use of other medications for pain relief, and side effects. These analyses were based on complete data (crude analysis) and the MI dataset (for all patients randomised to align with full-ITT evaluation) and the between-group associations are shown as odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals. Statistical analysis was performed only when all participants had completed 4 week follow-up; The main (ITT) primary outcome evaluation as well as secondary outcomes (except per protocol evaluation and HE evaluation) were carried out blind to treatment. All statistical estimates include 95% confidence intervals; p-values <0.05 (two-sided) denote statistical significance
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Days 1-7
    End point values
    Naproxen Low dose Colchicine
    Number of subjects analysed
    193
    194
    Units: Number
        Naproxen Day 1
    155
    0
        Naproxen Day 2
    157
    0
        Naproxen Day 3
    157
    0
        Naproxen Day 4
    147
    1
        Naproxen Day 5
    145
    3
        Naproxen Day 6
    137
    7
        Naproxen Day 7
    136
    7
        Colchicine Day 1
    0
    159
        Colchicine Day 2
    1
    160
        Colchicine Day 3
    2
    157
        Colchicine Day 4
    4
    143
        Colchicine Day 5
    4
    67
        Colchicine Day 6
    3
    47
        Colchicine Day 7
    4
    44
        Paracetamol Day 1
    15
    25
        Paracetamol Day 2
    13
    19
        Paracetamol Day 3
    10
    16
        Paracetamol Day 4
    10
    13
        Paracetamol Day 5
    10
    18
        Paracetamol Day 6
    10
    11
        Paracetamol Day 7
    8
    14
        Tramadol Day 1
    1
    1
        Tramadol Day 2
    1
    1
        Tramadol Day 3
    1
    1
        Tramadol Day 4
    1
    1
        Tramadol Day 5
    1
    1
        Tramadol Day 6
    1
    0
        Tramadol day 7
    1
    0
        Codeine Day 1
    4
    19
        Codeine Day 2
    3
    16
        Codeine Day 3
    5
    12
        Codeine Day 4
    3
    8
        Codeine Day 5
    5
    8
        Codeine Day 6
    4
    7
        Codeine Day 7
    2
    10
        Ibuprofen Day 1
    9
    15
        Ibuprofen Day 2
    5
    11
        Ibuprofen Day 3
    5
    10
        Ibuprofen Day 4
    4
    9
        Ibuprofen Day 5
    5
    10
        Ibuprofen Day 6
    5
    9
        Ibuprofen Day 7
    6
    10
        Diclofenac Day 1
    1
    1
        Diclofenac Day 2
    0
    2
        Diclofenac Day 3
    0
    3
        Diclofenac Day 4
    0
    3
        Diclofenac Day 5
    0
    4
        Diclofenac Day 6
    0
    3
        Diclofenac Day 7
    1
    3
        Indomethacin Day 1
    1
    0
        Indomethacin Day 2
    0
    0
        Indomethacin Day 3
    0
    0
        Indomethacin Day 4
    0
    0
        Indomethacin Day 5
    0
    0
        Indomethacin Day 6
    0
    0
        Indomethacin Day 7
    0
    0
        Prednisolone Day 1
    0
    0
        Prednisolone Day 2
    0
    0
        Prednisolone Day 3
    1
    1
        Prednisolone Day 4
    1
    1
        Prednisolone Day 5
    1
    1
        Prednisolone Day 6
    2
    1
        Prednisolone Day 7
    2
    3
        Any 'other' analgesia Day 1
    20
    42
        Any 'other' analgesia Day 2
    17
    32
        Any 'other' analgesia Day 3
    16
    26
        Any 'other' analgesia Day 4
    14
    20
        Any 'other' analgesia Day 5
    16
    25
        Any 'other' analgesia Day 6
    15
    17
        Any 'other' analgesia Day 7
    11
    20
        Any 'other' NSAIDS Day 1
    10
    16
        Any 'other' NSAIDS Day 2
    5
    13
        Any 'other' NSAIDS Day 3
    5
    13
        Any 'other' NSAIDS Day 4
    4
    11
        Any 'other' NSAIDS Day 5
    5
    14
        Any 'other' NSAIDS Day 6
    5
    12
        Any 'other' NSAIDS Day 7
    6
    13
        Any 'other' medication Day 1
    28
    52
        Any 'other' medication Day 2
    21
    40
        Any 'other' medication Day 3
    20
    35
        Any 'other' medication Day 4
    18
    30
        Any 'other' medication Day 5
    20
    37
        Any 'other' medication Day 6
    20
    28
        Any 'other' medication Day 7
    16
    29
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Medication use over the first week and between weeks 2-4

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    End point title
    Medication use over the first week and between weeks 2-4
    End point description
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Medication use over the first week and between weeks 2-4
    End point values
    Naproxen Low dose Colchicine
    Number of subjects analysed
    193
    194
    Units: Number
        Naproxen Days 1 -7
    148
    6
        Naproxen Weeks 2-4
    69
    26
        Colchicine Days 1-7
    6
    142
        Colchicine Weeks 2-4
    7
    52
        Paracetamol Days 1-7
    20
    34
        Paracetamol Weeks 2-4
    10
    11
        Ibruprofen Days 1-7
    16
    20
        Ibruprofen Weeks 2-4
    12
    27
        Diclofenac Days 1-7
    2
    4
        Diclofenac Weeks 2-4
    4
    6
        Indomethacin Days 1-7
    1
    0
        Indomethacin Weeks 2-4
    2
    5
        Tramadol Days 1-7
    1
    0
        Tramadol Week 2-4
    1
    2
        Codeine Days 1-7
    7
    21
        Codeine Weeks 2 -4
    12
    8
        Prednisolone Days 1-7
    3
    2
        Prednisolone Weeks 2-4
    2
    1
        'other' analgesia days 1-7
    26
    49
        'other' analgesia week 2-4
    22
    19
        'other' NSAIDS days 1-7
    17
    23
        'other' NSAIDS week 2-4
    18
    37
        'other' medication days 1-7
    39
    61
        'other' medication weeks 2-4
    37
    52
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Daily side effects within the first week of follow up

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    End point title
    Daily side effects within the first week of follow up
    End point description
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Days 1-7
    End point values
    Naproxen Low dose Colchicine
    Number of subjects analysed
    193
    194
    Units: Number
        Feeling Sick Day 1
    17
    15
        Feeling Sick Day 2
    11
    16
        Feeling Sick Day 3
    7
    17
        Feeling Sick Day 4
    6
    11
        Feeling Sick Day 5
    6
    6
        Feeling Sick Day 6
    2
    6
        Feeling Sick Day 7
    3
    5
        Being Sick Day 1
    3
    1
        Being Sick Day 2
    2
    1
        Being Sick Day 3
    1
    1
        Being Sick Day 4
    0
    0
        Being Sick Day 5
    0
    0
        Being Sick Day 6
    0
    1
        Being Sick Day 7
    0
    0
        Feeling/being Sick Day 1
    19
    16
        Feeling/being Sick Day 2
    12
    17
        Feeling/being Sick Day 3
    7
    18
        Feeling/being Sick Day 4
    6
    11
        Feeling/being Sick Day 5
    6
    6
        Feeling/being Sick Day 6
    2
    7
        Feeling/being Sick Day 7
    3
    5
        Indigestion Day 1
    10
    13
        Indigestion Day 2
    11
    11
        Indigestion Day 3
    11
    14
        Indigestion Day 4
    9
    11
        Indigestion Day 5
    5
    7
        Indigestion Day 6
    6
    6
        Indigestion Day 7
    4
    6
        Stomach Pain Day 1
    5
    7
        Stomach Pain Day 2
    6
    8
        Stomach Pain Day 3
    7
    8
        Stomach Pain Day 4
    7
    8
        Stomach Pain Day 5
    3
    9
        Stomach Pain Day 6
    2
    6
        Stomach Pain Day 7
    4
    6
        Headache Day 1
    9
    16
        Headache Day 2
    10
    12
        Headache Day 3
    3
    13
        Headache Day 4
    3
    13
        Headache Day 5
    5
    10
        Headache Day 6
    4
    5
        Headache Day 7
    3
    4
        Constipation Day 1
    8
    1
        Constipation Day 2
    15
    2
        Constipation Day 3
    16
    5
        Constipation Day 4
    8
    4
        Constipation Day 5
    6
    3
        Constipation Day 6
    6
    2
        Constipation Day 7
    5
    3
        Diarrhoea Day 1
    7
    20
        Diarrhoea Day 2
    7
    28
        Diarrhoea Day 3
    12
    40
        Diarrhoea Day 4
    10
    52
        Diarrhoea Day 5
    3
    34
        Diarrhoea Day 6
    7
    18
        Diarrhoea Day 7
    5
    13
        Skin Day 1
    2
    3
        Skin Day 2
    2
    2
        Skin Day 3
    0
    1
        Skin Day 4
    0
    1
        Skin Day 5
    1
    1
        Skin Day 6
    0
    1
        Skin Day 7
    0
    2
        Any side effects Day 1
    54
    54
        Any side effects Day 2
    50
    64
        Any side effects Day 3
    52
    76
        Any side effects Day 4
    45
    78
        Any side effects Day 5
    38
    52
        Any side effects Day 6
    35
    36
        Any side effects Day 7
    26
    32
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Side effects over the first week and between weeks 2-4

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    End point title
    Side effects over the first week and between weeks 2-4
    End point description
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    7 days and 4 week follow up
    End point values
    Naproxen Low dose Colchicine
    Number of subjects analysed
    193
    194
    Units: Number
        Nausea Days 1-7
    21
    30
        Nausea Week 2-4
    7
    5
        Indigestion Days 1-7
    20
    20
        Indigestion Week 2-4
    13
    8
        Stomach Pain Days 1-7
    16
    16
        Stomach Pain Weeks 2-4
    4
    8
        Headache Days 1-7
    16
    30
        Headache Week 2-4
    4
    4
        Constipation Days 1-7
    29
    7
        Constipation Week 2-4
    9
    6
        Diarrhoea Day 1-7
    30
    67
        Diarrhoea Week 2-4
    5
    10
        Skin Problems Day 1-7
    3
    3
        Skin Problems Week 2-4
    3
    3
        Any side effects days 1-7
    91
    101
        Any side effects week 2-4
    37
    28
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Global Change 7 days

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    End point title
    Global Change 7 days
    End point description
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    After 7 days
    End point values
    Naproxen Low dose Colchicine
    Number of subjects analysed
    193
    194
    Units: Number
        Completely better now
    52
    43
        Much better now
    62
    67
        Somewhat better now
    35
    27
        About the same
    9
    13
        Somewhat worse now
    2
    0
        Much worse now
    0
    2
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Global Change 4 weeks

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    End point title
    Global Change 4 weeks
    End point description
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    4 weeks follow up
    End point values
    Naproxen Low dose Colchicine
    Number of subjects analysed
    193
    194
    Units: Number
        Completely better now
    70
    81
        Much better now
    70
    62
        Somewhat better now
    19
    20
        About the same
    11
    12
        Somewhat worse now
    2
    2
        Much worse now
    1
    0
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Global Change Dichotomised 7 days

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    End point title
    Global Change Dichotomised 7 days
    End point description
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    7 days
    End point values
    Naproxen Low dose Colchicine
    Number of subjects analysed
    193
    194
    Units: Number
        Completely/much better now
    114
    110
        Not completely/much better
    46
    42
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Global Change Dichotomised 4 weeks

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    End point title
    Global Change Dichotomised 4 weeks
    End point description
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    4 weeks
    End point values
    Naproxen Low dose Colchicine
    Number of subjects analysed
    193
    194
    Units: Number
        Completely/much better now
    140
    143
        not completely/much better
    33
    34
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Another attack of gout within 4 weeks

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    End point title
    Another attack of gout within 4 weeks
    End point description
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    4 weeks
    End point values
    Naproxen Low dose Colchicine
    Number of subjects analysed
    193
    194
    Units: Number
        Another attack of Gout within 4 week follow up
    40
    54
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Further contact with health professional during 4 weeks follow up

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    End point title
    Further contact with health professional during 4 weeks follow up
    End point description
    Health professional: GP, practice nurse, emergency GP and A&E
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    4 weeks
    End point values
    Naproxen Low dose Colchicine
    Number of subjects analysed
    193
    194
    Units: Number
        Further contact with health professional 4 week
    30
    41
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Re consulted GP for gout problem within 4 weeks

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    End point title
    Re consulted GP for gout problem within 4 weeks
    End point description
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    4 weeks
    End point values
    Naproxen Low dose Colchicine
    Number of subjects analysed
    193
    194
    Units: Number
        One
    14
    27
        Two
    8
    10
        Three
    2
    2
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Consulted practice nurse for Gout problem within 4 weeks

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    End point title
    Consulted practice nurse for Gout problem within 4 weeks
    End point description
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    4 weeks
    End point values
    Naproxen Low dose Colchicine
    Number of subjects analysed
    193
    194
    Units: Number
        One
    5
    9
        Two
    1
    1
        Three
    1
    0
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Consulted emergency GP for gout problem within 4 weeks

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    End point title
    Consulted emergency GP for gout problem within 4 weeks
    End point description
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    4 weeks
    End point values
    Naproxen Low dose Colchicine
    Number of subjects analysed
    193
    194
    Units: Number
        Consulted Emergency GP within 4 weeks
    6
    6
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Attended A&E for gout problem within 4 weeks

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    End point title
    Attended A&E for gout problem within 4 weeks
    End point description
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    4 weeks
    End point values
    Naproxen Low dose Colchicine
    Number of subjects analysed
    193
    194
    Units: Number
        Attended A&E for gout problem within 4 weeks
    1
    1
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Taken time off work because of gout problem within 4 weeks

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    End point title
    Taken time off work because of gout problem within 4 weeks
    End point description
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    4 weeks
    End point values
    Naproxen Low dose Colchicine
    Number of subjects analysed
    193
    194
    Units: Number
        Taken time off work because of gout problem within
    11
    8
        Number of days (Median)
    4
    3
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Resource use, costs and outcomes per participant over 4 weeks follow up

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    End point title
    Resource use, costs and outcomes per participant over 4 weeks follow up
    End point description
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    4 weeks
    End point values
    Naproxen Low dose Colchicine
    Number of subjects analysed
    193
    194
    Units: Mean (SD)
    arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
        GP visits
    0.19 ( 0.34 )
    0.27 ( 0.4 )
        Nurse Visits
    0.05 ( 0.19 )
    0.07 ( 0.22 )
        Emergency GP visits
    0.05 ( 0.17 )
    0.04 ( 0.18 )
        A&E visits
    0.006 ( 0.07 )
    0.007 ( 0.07 )
        Drug Costs
    0.83 ( 2 )
    1.2 ( 2.22 )
        GP costs
    6.44 ( 11.16 )
    8.8 ( 13.16 )
        Nurse Costs
    0.66 ( 2.26 )
    0.86 ( 2.71 )
        Emergency GP costs
    2.45 ( 8.54 )
    2.14 ( 8.68 )
        A&E costs
    0.41 ( 5.1 )
    0.48 ( 5.15 )
        Intervention costs
    6.77 ( 4.56 )
    9.83 ( 6.32 )
        Total Costs
    17.57 ( 20.38 )
    23.31 ( 23.46 )
        Baseline EQ-5D
    0.665 ( 0.21 )
    0.663 ( 0.22 )
        Day 7 EQ-5D
    0.882 ( 0.13 )
    0.873 ( 0.14 )
        Week 4 EQ-5D
    0.9 ( 0.11 )
    0.894 ( 0.15 )
        QALYS
    0.0663 ( 0.008 )
    0.0657 ( 0.01 )
        Adjusted QALYS*
    0.0662 ( 0 )
    0.0658 ( 0 )
        Time off work (days)
    0.4 ( 2.47 )
    0.35 ( 2.51 )
        Productivity costs (£)
    32.16 ( 190.4 )
    28.44 ( 207.42 )
    Attachments
    Cost-effectiveness plane Naproxen v Colchicine
    Cost-effectiveness acceptability curve
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Adverse events

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    Adverse events information [1]
    Timeframe for reporting adverse events
    4 weeks
    Assessment type
    Systematic
    Dictionary used for adverse event reporting
    Dictionary name
    CTCAE
    Dictionary version
    4.0
    Reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Naproxen
    Reporting group description
    -

    Reporting group title
    Colchicine
    Reporting group description
    -

    Notes
    [1] - There are no non-serious adverse events recorded for these results. It is expected that there will be at least one non-serious adverse event reported.
    Justification: Adverse events are reported in 'secondary outcome measures' - daily side effects within the first week of follow up and side effects over the first week and between weeks 2-4.
    Serious adverse events
    Naproxen Colchicine
    Total subjects affected by serious adverse events
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 200 (1.00%)
    1 / 199 (0.50%)
         number of deaths (all causes)
    0
    0
         number of deaths resulting from adverse events
    0
    0
    General disorders and administration site conditions
    None cardiac chest pain
    Additional description: Non cardiac chest pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 200 (0.50%)
    0 / 199 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Infections and infestations
    Osteomyelitis
    Additional description: Osteomyelitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 200 (0.00%)
    1 / 199 (0.50%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Complication of transcatheter aortic valve implantation procedure
    Additional description: Complication of transcatheter aortic valve implantation procedure, patient re-admitted with Hospital acquired Pneumonia.
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 200 (0.50%)
    0 / 199 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Frequency threshold for reporting non-serious adverse events: 0%
    Non-serious adverse events
    Naproxen Colchicine
    Total subjects affected by non serious adverse events
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 200 (0.00%)
    0 / 199 (0.00%)

    More information

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    Substantial protocol amendments (globally)

    Were there any global substantial amendments to the protocol? Yes
    Date
    Amendment
    12 Sep 2013
    The trial data will be held on a database hosted on a secure server by the Primary Care Clinical Research and Trials Unit (PC-CRTU) at University of Birmingham. Previously this data was to be held on a secure server at Keele University. Provision of appropriate client server links/permissions will be given to authorised members of the trial team at Keele Clinical Trials Unit (CTU).
    14 Nov 2013
    Addition of sites
    20 Dec 2013
    Addition of sites
    27 Feb 2014
    Addition of sites
    28 Mar 2014
    Addition of sites
    22 May 2014
    Addition of sites
    21 Jul 2014
    Substantial - Change of protocol from Version 3.0 to Version 4.0 and change of 7 day pain diary to add an extra question at Day 1 of the 7 day pain diary. Also Letter of invitation and reminder letter of invitation updated from version 2.0 to version 3.0. Addition of 5 new sites . On advice of the TSC, an additional question to day 1 of the 7 day pain diary was added. It is often stated that Colchicine is less effective if first taken greater than 24 hours after symptom onset, although there is little research evidence to support this. The additional question asked about the time that had elapsed between the onset of symptoms and taking the trial medication. By comparing this between the two treatment groups, we were able to explore whether the elapsed time has an influence on the effectiveness of treatment. We also received phone calls from participants who has received a letter of invitation but were not clear on what they needed to do to enter the trial and whether any immediate action was needed. The letters of invitation were amended to provide clearer instructions about what action was required. This change was submitted to REC on 21/07/2014, however it was not submitted to the MHRA. On Inspection, the MHRA subsequently classified this as a substantial amendment which should have been notified to the MHRA. As the trial had ended recruitment, we could not submit a retrospective substantial amendment to the MHRA. Instead, the sponsor was advised to include this information as part of the update to this database at the end of the study.
    16 Sep 2014
    Addition of sites
    19 Nov 2014
    Addition of sites
    26 Nov 2014
    Addition of sites
    04 Dec 2014
    Addition of sites
    15 Jan 2015
    Addition of sites
    05 Feb 2015
    Addition of sites
    27 Feb 2015
    Change of protocol from Version 4.0_27_06_14 to Version 5.0_13_02_15 to remove 'expressed at study entry' for decision on self report data collection (either electronic or postal)
    27 Feb 2015
    Addition of sites
    09 Mar 2015
    Addition of sites
    18 Mar 2015
    Addition of sites
    15 May 2015
    Addition of sites
    22 May 2015
    Addition of sites
    16 Jun 2015
    Removal of 2 existing sites
    16 Oct 2015
    Closure of some sites
    10 Dec 2015
    Closure of some sites
    24 Mar 2016
    Update to protocol from version 5.0_13_02_2015 to version 6.0_24_Mar_2016 and Generation of participant letter to inform participants of the move of the CONTACT database from the University of Birmingham to Keele University

    Interruptions (globally)

    Were there any global interruptions to the trial? No

    Limitations and caveats

    Limitations of the trial such as small numbers of subjects analysed or technical problems leading to unreliable data.
    This trial has not yet been published therefore results are confidential.
    For support, Contact us.
    The status and protocol content of GB trials is no longer updated since 1 January 2021. For the UK, as of 31 January 2021, EU Law applies only to the territory of Northern Ireland (NI) to the extent foreseen in the Protocol on Ireland/NI. Legal notice
    As of 31 January 2023, all EU/EEA initial clinical trial applications must be submitted through CTIS . Updated EudraCT trials information and information on PIP/Art 46 trials conducted exclusively in third countries continues to be submitted through EudraCT and published on this website.

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