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    Clinical Trial Results:
    An Open-Label Randomized-Controlled Trial of Early Screening Test For Pre-Eclampsia and Growth restriction : A Pilot Study (TEST Study)

    Summary
    EudraCT number
    2013-004241-17
    Trial protocol
    IE  
    Global end of trial date
    11 Apr 2016

    Results information
    Results version number
    v1(current)
    This version publication date
    20 Feb 2019
    First version publication date
    20 Feb 2019
    Other versions
    Summary report(s)
    Trial of feasibility and acceptability of routine low-dose aspirin versus Early Screening Test indicated aspirin for pre-eclampsia prevention (TEST study): a multicentre randomised controlled trial
    An open-label randomized-controlled trial of low dose aspirin with an early screening test for pre-eclampsia and growth restriction (TEST): Trial protocol

    Trial information

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    Trial identification
    Sponsor protocol code
    TEST_PILOT_V1
    Additional study identifiers
    ISRCTN number
    ISRCTN15191778
    US NCT number
    NCT03674606
    WHO universal trial number (UTN)
    -
    Sponsors
    Sponsor organisation name
    University College Dublin
    Sponsor organisation address
    Belfield, Dublin, Ireland,
    Public contact
    Clinical Research Centre, University College Dublin, 353 017164593, rabia.hussain@ucd.ie
    Scientific contact
    Clinical Research Centre, University College Dublin, 353 017164593, rabia.hussain@ucd.ie
    Paediatric regulatory details
    Is trial part of an agreed paediatric investigation plan (PIP)
    No
    Does article 45 of REGULATION (EC) No 1901/2006 apply to this trial?
    No
    Does article 46 of REGULATION (EC) No 1901/2006 apply to this trial?
    No
    Results analysis stage
    Analysis stage
    Final
    Date of interim/final analysis
    11 Apr 2017
    Is this the analysis of the primary completion data?
    No
    Global end of trial reached?
    Yes
    Global end of trial date
    11 Apr 2016
    Was the trial ended prematurely?
    No
    General information about the trial
    Main objective of the trial
    To Determine : 1. Proportion of eligible women who agree to participate in the pilot study of a three arm randomised controlled trial 2. Compliance with the study protocol 3. Proportion of women in whom it was possible to obtain trans- abdominal uterine artery Doppler at 14 weeks gestation 4. Proportion of women with completed screening test that are issued the screening result within one week of the test. 5. The acceptability of undergoing a screening test and or of taking aspirin to women in their first pregnancy
    Protection of trial subjects
    Safety Assessment The following safety evaluations will be performed during the study: adverse event monitoring, vital signs, physical examination, and laboratory assessments. Vulnerable subjects Our study will not include incapacitated adults or minors in line with inclusion criteria therefore this area in non-applicable. Overdose of study treatment Overdose of a study treatment must first be reported to the sponsor in the first instance as a potential serious adverse event and recorded on the case report form. If double the dose is taken a period of self-observation is adequate. If more than two tablets are taken medical attention must be sought, vital signs checked and fetal monitoring performed with the proceeding dose omitted. Concomitant therapy Any medications that are considered necessary for the participant’s welfare and will not interfere with the study medication or pregnancy will be given at the discretion of the Investigator. A record of all medication taken by research participants in the month before visit 1 and concomitant medication a research participant takes throughout the study will be recorded on the appropriate page of the Case Report Form. Participants cannot partake in any other studies when involved in TEST.
    Background therapy
    -
    Evidence for comparator
    -
    Actual start date of recruitment
    01 Jan 2014
    Long term follow-up planned
    No
    Independent data monitoring committee (IDMC) involvement?
    Yes
    Population of trial subjects
    Number of subjects enrolled per country
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Ireland: 557
    Worldwide total number of subjects
    557
    EEA total number of subjects
    557
    Number of subjects enrolled per age group
    In utero
    0
    Preterm newborn - gestational age < 37 wk
    0
    Newborns (0-27 days)
    0
    Infants and toddlers (28 days-23 months)
    0
    Children (2-11 years)
    0
    Adolescents (12-17 years)
    0
    Adults (18-64 years)
    557
    From 65 to 84 years
    0
    85 years and over
    0

    Subject disposition

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    Recruitment
    Recruitment details
    Subjects (pregnant women only) were recruited in the period between 08/05/2014 and 01/02/2016 from the National Maternity Hospital, Dublin, Ireland and the Rotunda Hospital, Dublin, Ireland. Prospective consent for study participation was obtained.

    Pre-assignment
    Screening details
    Inclusion criteria: Nulliparous, English-speaking women with singleton pregnancy. Excluded were first-trimester foetal abnormalities, major risk group for pre-eclampsia or fetal growth restriction for which low-dose aspirin was indicated, <18 year olds, concurrently participating in other trials and subjects with contraindications to aspirin.

    Period 1
    Period 1 title
    Baseline
    Is this the baseline period?
    Yes
    Allocation method
    Randomised - controlled
    Blinding used
    Not blinded
    Blinding implementation details
    This was an open label trial, both the research participants and the investigators were aware of the trial arm to which the research participant had been randomly allocated.

    Arms
    Are arms mutually exclusive
    Yes

    Arm title
    Low-­dose aspirin (Group 1)
    Arm description
    Subjects in the routine low-dose aspirin group were randomised to be having standard antenatal care as well as to be taking low dose aspirin from booking (11-­13 + 6 weeks) until 36-­week gestation orally once daily, as prescribed by the research clinician. All subjects had a recruitment visit involving the first-trimester fetal medicine foundation screening test for pre-eclampsia, the results of which were not revealed to the subjects.
    Arm type
    Experimental

    Investigational medicinal product name
    Aspirin Acetylsalycylic Acid
    Investigational medicinal product code
    Other name
    Nu­‐Seals
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Tablet
    Routes of administration
    Oral use
    Dosage and administration details
    75 mg taken once daily by oral ingestion from 11‐13 + 6 to 36 weeks gestation

    Arm title
    No aspirin (Group 2)
    Arm description
    The no aspirin group were randomised to not be receiving aspirin but participation in all of the study ultrasound scans and blood tests were planned. All subjects had a recruitment visit involving the first-trimester fetal medicine foundation screening test for pre-eclampsia, the results of which were not revealed to the subjects.
    Arm type
    No intervention

    Investigational medicinal product name
    No investigational medicinal product assigned in this arm
    Arm title
    Screen and treat (Group 3)
    Arm description
    Subjects in the screen and treat arm were randomised to have the results from fetal medicine foundation screening test for pre-eclampsia prospectively revealed. Based upon the results of screening test components, the risk of developing any pre‐eclampsia until 42-­week gestation, set at a false positive rate of 5% was used to determine a subject at high risk. These subjects were subsequently allocated to Group 3A if their risk >1:8 and were to commence a course of low-dose aspirin (75 mg taken once daily by oral ingestion from 11‐13 + 6 to 36 weeks gestation). Subjects allocated to Group 3B had a <1:8 risk of developing pre-­eclampsia and were not to be taking aspirin.
    Arm type
    Experimental

    Investigational medicinal product name
    Aspirin Acetylsalycylic Acid
    Investigational medicinal product code
    Other name
    Nu­‐Seals
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Tablet
    Routes of administration
    Oral use
    Dosage and administration details
    75 mg taken once daily by oral ingestion from 11‐13 + 6 to 36 weeks gestation

    Number of subjects in period 1
    Low-­dose aspirin (Group 1) No aspirin (Group 2) Screen and treat (Group 3)
    Started
    185
    187
    185
    Completed
    179
    183
    184
    Not completed
    6
    4
    1
         Adverse event, serious fatal
    -
    1
    -
         Consent withdrawn by subject
    3
    -
    -
         Protocol deviation
    3
    3
    1
    Period 2
    Period 2 title
    Period 2
    Is this the baseline period?
    No
    Allocation method
    Randomised - controlled
    Blinding used
    Not blinded
    Blinding implementation details
    This was an open label trial, both the research participants and the investigators were aware of the trial arm to which the research participant had been randomly allocated.

    Arms
    Are arms mutually exclusive
    Yes

    Arm title
    Low-­dose aspirin (Group 1)
    Arm description
    Subjects randomized to the routine low-dose aspirin group had standard antenatal care as well as taking low dose aspirin from booking (11-­13 + 6 weeks) until 36-­week gestation orally once daily, as prescribed by the research clinician. All subjects had a recruitment visit involving the first-trimester fetal medicine foundation screening test for pre-eclampsia, the results of which were not revealed to the subjects.
    Arm type
    Experimental

    Investigational medicinal product name
    Aspirin Acetylsalycylic Acid
    Investigational medicinal product code
    Other name
    Nu­‐Seals
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Tablet
    Routes of administration
    Oral use
    Dosage and administration details
    75 mg taken once daily by oral ingestion from 11‐13 + 6 to 36 weeks gestation

    Arm title
    No aspirin (Group 2)
    Arm description
    The no aspirin group did not receive aspirin but did participate in all of the study ultrasound scans and blood tests. All subjects had a recruitment visit involving the first-trimester fetal medicine foundation screening test for pre-eclampsia, the results of which were not revealed to the subjects.
    Arm type
    No intervention

    Investigational medicinal product name
    No investigational medicinal product assigned in this arm
    Arm title
    High-risk screen and treat (Group 3A)
    Arm description
    This group contains subjects that were assessed to have a risk > 1:8 for pre-eclampsia on the scale of the fetal medicine foundation screening test. This subjects commenced a course of low-dose aspirin (75 mg taken once daily by oral ingestion from 11‐13 + 6 to 36 weeks gestation).
    Arm type
    Experimental

    Investigational medicinal product name
    Aspirin Acetylsalycylic Acid
    Investigational medicinal product code
    Other name
    Nu­‐Seals
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Tablet
    Routes of administration
    Oral use
    Dosage and administration details
    75 mg taken once daily by oral ingestion from 11‐13 + 6 to 36 weeks gestation

    Arm title
    Low-risk screen and treat (Group 3B)
    Arm description
    This group contains subjects assessed to have a risk < 1:8 for pre-eclampsia on the scale of the fetal medicine foundation screening test and were not given the IMP.
    Arm type
    No intervention

    Investigational medicinal product name
    No investigational medicinal product assigned in this arm
    Number of subjects in period 2
    Low-­dose aspirin (Group 1) No aspirin (Group 2) High-risk screen and treat (Group 3A) Low-risk screen and treat (Group 3B)
    Started
    179
    183
    13
    171
    Completed
    179
    183
    13
    171

    Baseline characteristics

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    Baseline characteristics reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Low-­dose aspirin (Group 1)
    Reporting group description
    Subjects in the routine low-dose aspirin group were randomised to be having standard antenatal care as well as to be taking low dose aspirin from booking (11-­13 + 6 weeks) until 36-­week gestation orally once daily, as prescribed by the research clinician. All subjects had a recruitment visit involving the first-trimester fetal medicine foundation screening test for pre-eclampsia, the results of which were not revealed to the subjects.

    Reporting group title
    No aspirin (Group 2)
    Reporting group description
    The no aspirin group were randomised to not be receiving aspirin but participation in all of the study ultrasound scans and blood tests were planned. All subjects had a recruitment visit involving the first-trimester fetal medicine foundation screening test for pre-eclampsia, the results of which were not revealed to the subjects.

    Reporting group title
    Screen and treat (Group 3)
    Reporting group description
    Subjects in the screen and treat arm were randomised to have the results from fetal medicine foundation screening test for pre-eclampsia prospectively revealed. Based upon the results of screening test components, the risk of developing any pre‐eclampsia until 42-­week gestation, set at a false positive rate of 5% was used to determine a subject at high risk. These subjects were subsequently allocated to Group 3A if their risk >1:8 and were to commence a course of low-dose aspirin (75 mg taken once daily by oral ingestion from 11‐13 + 6 to 36 weeks gestation). Subjects allocated to Group 3B had a <1:8 risk of developing pre-­eclampsia and were not to be taking aspirin.

    Reporting group values
    Low-­dose aspirin (Group 1) No aspirin (Group 2) Screen and treat (Group 3) Total
    Number of subjects
    185 187 185 557
    Age categorical
    Units: Subjects
        In utero
    0 0 0 0
        Preterm newborn infants (gestational age < 37 wks)
    0 0 0 0
        Newborns (0-27 days)
    0 0 0 0
        Infants and toddlers (28 days-23 months)
    0 0 0 0
        Children (2-11 years)
    0 0 0 0
        Adolescents (12-17 years)
    0 0 0 0
        Adults (18-64 years)
    185 187 185 557
        From 65-84 years
    0 0 0 0
        85 years and over
    0 0 0 0
    Age continuous
    Units: years
        arithmetic mean (full range (min-max))
    33 (19 to 44) 34 (18 to 43) 33 (19 to 44) -
    Gender categorical
    Units: Subjects
        Female
    185 187 185 557
        Male
    0 0 0 0
    Race
    Units: Subjects
        White
    181 179 180 540
        Black
    1 2 0 3
        Asian
    3 6 5 14
        Other
    0 0 0 0
    University education
    Number of subjects with a university education
    Units: Subjects
        Yes
    136 143 152 431
        No
    49 44 33 126
    Smoking
    Units: Subjects
        Yes
    17 11 7 35
        No
    168 176 178 522
    Subject's mother had pre-eclampsia
    Number of subjects whose mother had pre-eclampsia
    Units: Subjects
        Yes
    7 10 10 27
        No
    178 177 175 530
    Previous miscarriage
    Number of subjects who had a previous miscarriage
    Units: Subjects
        Yes
    20 31 31 82
        No
    165 156 154 475
    Body mass index
    Units: kg/m^2
        arithmetic mean (full range (min-max))
    25.2 (17.4 to 39.4) 22.9 (17.7 to 41.4) 23.8 (18.1 to 45.2) -
    Gestational age
    Units: weeks
        arithmetic mean (full range (min-max))
    12.9 (11.1 to 13.9) 12.9 (11.1 to 13.9) 12.9 (11.3 to 13.9) -

    End points

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    End points reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Low-­dose aspirin (Group 1)
    Reporting group description
    Subjects in the routine low-dose aspirin group were randomised to be having standard antenatal care as well as to be taking low dose aspirin from booking (11-­13 + 6 weeks) until 36-­week gestation orally once daily, as prescribed by the research clinician. All subjects had a recruitment visit involving the first-trimester fetal medicine foundation screening test for pre-eclampsia, the results of which were not revealed to the subjects.

    Reporting group title
    No aspirin (Group 2)
    Reporting group description
    The no aspirin group were randomised to not be receiving aspirin but participation in all of the study ultrasound scans and blood tests were planned. All subjects had a recruitment visit involving the first-trimester fetal medicine foundation screening test for pre-eclampsia, the results of which were not revealed to the subjects.

    Reporting group title
    Screen and treat (Group 3)
    Reporting group description
    Subjects in the screen and treat arm were randomised to have the results from fetal medicine foundation screening test for pre-eclampsia prospectively revealed. Based upon the results of screening test components, the risk of developing any pre‐eclampsia until 42-­week gestation, set at a false positive rate of 5% was used to determine a subject at high risk. These subjects were subsequently allocated to Group 3A if their risk >1:8 and were to commence a course of low-dose aspirin (75 mg taken once daily by oral ingestion from 11‐13 + 6 to 36 weeks gestation). Subjects allocated to Group 3B had a <1:8 risk of developing pre-­eclampsia and were not to be taking aspirin.
    Reporting group title
    Low-­dose aspirin (Group 1)
    Reporting group description
    Subjects randomized to the routine low-dose aspirin group had standard antenatal care as well as taking low dose aspirin from booking (11-­13 + 6 weeks) until 36-­week gestation orally once daily, as prescribed by the research clinician. All subjects had a recruitment visit involving the first-trimester fetal medicine foundation screening test for pre-eclampsia, the results of which were not revealed to the subjects.

    Reporting group title
    No aspirin (Group 2)
    Reporting group description
    The no aspirin group did not receive aspirin but did participate in all of the study ultrasound scans and blood tests. All subjects had a recruitment visit involving the first-trimester fetal medicine foundation screening test for pre-eclampsia, the results of which were not revealed to the subjects.

    Reporting group title
    High-risk screen and treat (Group 3A)
    Reporting group description
    This group contains subjects that were assessed to have a risk > 1:8 for pre-eclampsia on the scale of the fetal medicine foundation screening test. This subjects commenced a course of low-dose aspirin (75 mg taken once daily by oral ingestion from 11‐13 + 6 to 36 weeks gestation).

    Reporting group title
    Low-risk screen and treat (Group 3B)
    Reporting group description
    This group contains subjects assessed to have a risk < 1:8 for pre-eclampsia on the scale of the fetal medicine foundation screening test and were not given the IMP.

    Primary: Eligible women that agree to participate in the study

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    End point title
    Eligible women that agree to participate in the study [1]
    End point description
    The proportion of eligible women that agree to participate in the study – this is reflected as a proportion of the number of women approached at the screening stage (feasibility).
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    1 year and 11 months
    Notes
    [1] - No statistical analyses have been specified for this primary end point. It is expected there is at least one statistical analysis for each primary end point.
    Justification: No hypothesis tests were performed as the goals of this pilot trial were to provide estimates of feasibility and acceptability.
    End point values
    Number of subjects analysed
    Units: subjects
        Eligible
        Not eligible
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Primary: Adherence to aspirin based on diary cards

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    End point title
    Adherence to aspirin based on diary cards [2]
    End point description
    The number of subjects on low-dose aspirin that adhere to the intervention based on diary cards
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    1 year and 11 months
    Notes
    [2] - No statistical analyses have been specified for this primary end point. It is expected there is at least one statistical analysis for each primary end point.
    Justification: No hypothesis tests were performed as the goals of this pilot trial were to provide estimates of feasibility and acceptability.
    End point values
    Low-­dose aspirin (Group 1) High-risk screen and treat (Group 3A)
    Number of subjects analysed
    179
    13
    Units: subjects
        0% adherence
    7
    0
        <10% adherence
    3
    0
        50 - <70% adherence
    5
    1
        70 - <80% adherence
    6
    0
        80 - <90% adherence
    21
    2
        90 - <100% adherence
    87
    6
        100% adherence
    45
    4
        Unknown
    5
    0
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Primary: Adherence to aspirin based on tablet counts

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    End point title
    Adherence to aspirin based on tablet counts [3]
    End point description
    The number of subjects on low-dose aspirin that adhere to the intervention based on diary cards
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    1 year and 11 months
    Notes
    [3] - No statistical analyses have been specified for this primary end point. It is expected there is at least one statistical analysis for each primary end point.
    Justification: No hypothesis tests were performed as the goals of this pilot trial were to provide estimates of feasibility and acceptability.
    End point values
    Low-­dose aspirin (Group 1) High-risk screen and treat (Group 3A)
    Number of subjects analysed
    179
    13
    Units: subjects
        0% adherence
    7
    0
        <10% adherence
    2
    0
        50 - <70% adherence
    3
    0
        70 - <80% adherence
    14
    0
        80 - <90% adherence
    26
    0
        90 - <100% adherence
    105
    12
        100% adherence
    18
    1
        Unknown
    4
    0
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Primary: Attendance at study visits

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    End point title
    Attendance at study visits [4]
    End point description
    Number of subjects included in the trial that attend all study visits
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    1 year and 11 months
    Notes
    [4] - No statistical analyses have been specified for this primary end point. It is expected there is at least one statistical analysis for each primary end point.
    Justification: No hypothesis tests were performed as the goals of this pilot trial were to provide estimates of feasibility and acceptability.
    End point values
    Number of subjects analysed
    Units: subjects
        Attended all study visits
        Did not attend all study visits
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Primary: Satisfactory collection of all endpoints and variables

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    End point title
    Satisfactory collection of all endpoints and variables [5]
    End point description
    Number of subjects from whom all endpoints and variables were collected
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    1 year and 11 months
    Notes
    [5] - No statistical analyses have been specified for this primary end point. It is expected there is at least one statistical analysis for each primary end point.
    Justification: No hypothesis tests were performed as the goals of this pilot trial were to provide estimates of feasibility and acceptability.
    End point values
    Number of subjects analysed
    Units: subjects
        Satisfactory
        Not satisfactory
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Primary: Study protocol violations

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    End point title
    Study protocol violations [6]
    End point description
    The number of protocol violations recorded
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    1 year and 11 months
    Notes
    [6] - No statistical analyses have been specified for this primary end point. It is expected there is at least one statistical analysis for each primary end point.
    Justification: No hypothesis tests were performed as the goals of this pilot trial were to provide estimates of feasibility and acceptability.
    End point values
    Number of subjects analysed
    Units: protocol violations
        Protocol violations
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Primary: Number of subjects from whom it was possible to obtain trans-­abdominal uterine artery Doppler at 14 weeks gestation.

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    End point title
    Number of subjects from whom it was possible to obtain trans-­abdominal uterine artery Doppler at 14 weeks gestation. [7]
    End point description
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    1 year and 11 months
    Notes
    [7] - No statistical analyses have been specified for this primary end point. It is expected there is at least one statistical analysis for each primary end point.
    Justification: No hypothesis tests were performed as the goals of this pilot trial were to provide estimates of feasibility and acceptability.
    End point values
    Number of subjects analysed
    Units: subjects
        Obtained
        Not obtained
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Primary: Proportion of women with a completed fetal medicine foundation screening test who are issued the screening result within one week of having the test performed

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    End point title
    Proportion of women with a completed fetal medicine foundation screening test who are issued the screening result within one week of having the test performed [8] [9]
    End point description
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    1 year and 11 months
    Notes
    [8] - No statistical analyses have been specified for this primary end point. It is expected there is at least one statistical analysis for each primary end point.
    Justification: No hypothesis tests were performed as the goals of this pilot trial were to provide estimates of feasibility and acceptability.
    [9] - The end point is not reporting statistics for all the arms in the baseline period. It is expected all the baseline period arms will be reported on when providing values for an end point on the baseline period.
    Justification: No hypothesis tests were performed as the goals of this pilot trial were to provide estimates of feasibility and acceptability.
    End point values
    Screen and treat (Group 3)
    Number of subjects analysed
    184
    Units: subjects
        Issued within one week
    106
        Not issued within one week
    78
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: The rate of pre-eclampsia as defined by the International Society for the Study of Pre-eclampsia in Pregnancy.

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    End point title
    The rate of pre-eclampsia as defined by the International Society for the Study of Pre-eclampsia in Pregnancy.
    End point description
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    1 year and 11 months
    End point values
    Low-­dose aspirin (Group 1) No aspirin (Group 2) Screen and treat (Group 3)
    Number of subjects analysed
    179
    183
    184
    Units: subjects
        Pre-eclampsia
    8
    7
    7
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Rate of foetal growth restriction

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    End point title
    Rate of foetal growth restriction
    End point description
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    1 year and 11 months
    End point values
    Low-­dose aspirin (Group 1) No aspirin (Group 2) Screen and treat (Group 3)
    Number of subjects analysed
    179
    183
    184
    Units: cases
        Birthweight <10th centile
    14
    18
    25
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Spontaneous or iatrogenic delivery prior to 34 and 37 completed weeks gestation.

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    End point title
    Spontaneous or iatrogenic delivery prior to 34 and 37 completed weeks gestation.
    End point description
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    1 year and 11 months
    End point values
    Low-­dose aspirin (Group 1) No aspirin (Group 2) Screen and treat (Group 3)
    Number of subjects analysed
    179
    183
    184
    Units: cases
        Pre-term delivery <34 weeks
    1
    3
    2
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: The rate of admission to the neonatal intensive care unit.

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    End point title
    The rate of admission to the neonatal intensive care unit.
    End point description
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    1 year and 11 months
    End point values
    Low-­dose aspirin (Group 1) No aspirin (Group 2) Screen and treat (Group 3)
    Number of subjects analysed
    179
    183
    184
    Units: admissions
        NICU admission
    9
    7
    9
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: The rate of placental abruption, any reported death (stillbirth, neonatal or infant death) and small for gestational age infants.

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    End point title
    The rate of placental abruption, any reported death (stillbirth, neonatal or infant death) and small for gestational age infants.
    End point description
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    1 year and 11 months
    End point values
    Low-­dose aspirin (Group 1) No aspirin (Group 2) Screen and treat (Group 3)
    Number of subjects analysed
    179
    183
    184
    Units: cases
        Alive at 6 weeks
    177
    181
    182
        Stillbirth
    2
    1
    0
        Neonatal death
    0
    1
    2
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Acceptability questionnaire: Aspirin was easy to swallow

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    End point title
    Acceptability questionnaire: Aspirin was easy to swallow
    End point description
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    1 year and 11 months
    End point values
    Low-­dose aspirin (Group 1) High-risk screen and treat (Group 3A)
    Number of subjects analysed
    179
    11
    Units: subjects
        Strongly agree
    151
    10
        Agree
    23
    1
        Neither agree/Disagree
    2
    0
        Disagree
    1
    0
        Strongly disagree
    2
    0
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Acceptability questionnaire: With regards the screening test I found it

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    End point title
    Acceptability questionnaire: With regards the screening test I found it
    End point description
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    1 year and 11 months
    End point values
    Low-­dose aspirin (Group 1) No aspirin (Group 2) High-risk screen and treat (Group 3A) Low-risk screen and treat (Group 3B)
    Number of subjects analysed
    179
    177
    11
    165
    Units: subjects
        Useful
    172
    175
    9
    160
        Neither useful/inconvenient
    4
    0
    0
    1
        Inconvenient
    3
    2
    2
    4
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Acceptability questionnaire: Reason aspirin missed.

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    End point title
    Acceptability questionnaire: Reason aspirin missed.
    End point description
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    1 year and 11 months
    End point values
    Low-­dose aspirin (Group 1) High-risk screen and treat (Group 3A)
    Number of subjects analysed
    129
    7
    Units: subjects
        Reservations of taking aspirin
    8
    0
        Bleeding
    5
    0
        It caused stomach upset
    7
    0
        I forgot
    108
    7
        Other
    1
    0
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Acceptability questionnaire: In a future pregnancy I would

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    End point title
    Acceptability questionnaire: In a future pregnancy I would
    End point description
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    1 year and 11 months
    End point values
    Low-­dose aspirin (Group 1) No aspirin (Group 2) High-risk screen and treat (Group 3A) Low-risk screen and treat (Group 3B)
    Number of subjects analysed
    176
    177
    11
    166
    Units: subjects
        Take aspirin routinely
    92
    13
    2
    2
        Take aspirin only if I was at risk
    72
    145
    9
    154
        Neither
    12
    19
    0
    10
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Adverse events

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    Adverse events information
    Timeframe for reporting adverse events
    From study enrollment until 28-days post-delivery.
    Assessment type
    Systematic
    Dictionary used for adverse event reporting
    Dictionary name
    MedDRA
    Dictionary version
    18.1
    Reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Low-­dose aspirin (Group 1)
    Reporting group description
    Subjects randomized to the routine low-dose aspirin group had standard antenatal care as well as taking low dose aspirin from booking (11-­13 + 6 weeks) until 36-­week gestation orally once daily, as prescribed by the research clinician. All subjects had a recruitment visit involving the first-trimester fetal medicine foundation screening test for pre-eclampsia, the results of which were not revealed to the subjects.

    Reporting group title
    No aspirin (Group 2)
    Reporting group description
    The no aspirin group did not receive aspirin but did participate in all of the study ultrasound scans and blood tests. All subjects had a recruitment visit involving the first-trimester fetal medicine foundation screening test for pre-eclampsia, the results of which were not revealed to the subjects.

    Reporting group title
    Screen and treat (Group 3)
    Reporting group description
    For this arm the results from fetal medicine foundation screening test for pre-eclampsia were prospectively revealed. Based upon the results of screening test components, the risk of developing any pre‐eclampsia until 42-­week gestation, set at a false positive rate of 5% was used to determine a subject at high risk. These subjects were subsequently allocated to Group 3A if their risk >1:8 and commenced a course of low-dose aspirin (75 mg taken once daily by oral ingestion from 11‐13 + 6 to 36 weeks gestation). Subjects allocated to Group 3B had a <1:8 risk of developing pre-­eclampsia and did not take aspirin.

    Serious adverse events
    Low-­dose aspirin (Group 1) No aspirin (Group 2) Screen and treat (Group 3)
    Total subjects affected by serious adverse events
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 179 (1.68%)
    2 / 183 (1.09%)
    2 / 184 (1.09%)
         number of deaths (all causes)
    2
    2
    2
         number of deaths resulting from adverse events
    Pregnancy, puerperium and perinatal conditions
    Perinatal death
    Additional description: Foetal death
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 179 (1.12%)
    2 / 183 (1.09%)
    2 / 184 (1.09%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
    0 / 2
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
    0 / 2
    0 / 2
    Psychiatric disorders
    Suspected Pre-eclampsia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 179 (0.56%)
    0 / 183 (0.00%)
    0 / 184 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Frequency threshold for reporting non-serious adverse events: 1%
    Non-serious adverse events
    Low-­dose aspirin (Group 1) No aspirin (Group 2) Screen and treat (Group 3)
    Total subjects affected by non serious adverse events
         subjects affected / exposed
    85 / 179 (47.49%)
    55 / 183 (30.05%)
    61 / 184 (33.15%)
    Congenital, familial and genetic disorders
    Congenital anomaly
         subjects affected / exposed
    6 / 179 (3.35%)
    5 / 183 (2.73%)
    5 / 184 (2.72%)
         occurrences all number
    6
    5
    5
    Vaginal bleed
         subjects affected / exposed
    27 / 179 (15.08%)
    18 / 183 (9.84%)
    12 / 184 (6.52%)
         occurrences all number
    27
    18
    12
    Surgical and medical procedures
    In-patient admission
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 179 (1.68%)
    5 / 183 (2.73%)
    8 / 184 (4.35%)
         occurrences all number
    3
    5
    8
    Neonatal Unit Admission
         subjects affected / exposed
    12 / 179 (6.70%)
    7 / 183 (3.83%)
    10 / 184 (5.43%)
         occurrences all number
    12
    7
    10
    Pregnancy, puerperium and perinatal conditions
    Abruption
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 179 (0.00%)
    0 / 183 (0.00%)
    1 / 184 (0.54%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    0
    1
    Labour complication
         subjects affected / exposed
    8 / 179 (4.47%)
    3 / 183 (1.64%)
    5 / 184 (2.72%)
         occurrences all number
    8
    3
    5
    Pregnancy induced hypertension
         subjects affected / exposed
    6 / 179 (3.35%)
    7 / 183 (3.83%)
    7 / 184 (3.80%)
         occurrences all number
    6
    7
    7
    Post-partum bleeding
         subjects affected / exposed
    21 / 179 (11.73%)
    8 / 183 (4.37%)
    11 / 184 (5.98%)
         occurrences all number
    21
    8
    11
    Small for gestational age
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 179 (2.23%)
    4 / 183 (2.19%)
    2 / 184 (1.09%)
         occurrences all number
    4
    4
    2
    Threatened pre-term labour
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 179 (1.68%)
    2 / 183 (1.09%)
    0 / 184 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    3
    2
    0
    Blood and lymphatic system disorders
    Haematoma
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 179 (0.56%)
    0 / 183 (0.00%)
    0 / 184 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    0
    0
    Anemia
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 179 (0.00%)
    3 / 183 (1.64%)
    0 / 184 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    3
    0
    Bruising
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 179 (1.12%)
    0 / 183 (0.00%)
    0 / 184 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    0
    0
    Epistaxis
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 179 (1.12%)
    0 / 183 (0.00%)
    0 / 184 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    0
    0
    General disorders and administration site conditions
    Trauma
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 179 (1.68%)
    0 / 183 (0.00%)
    0 / 184 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    3
    0
    0
    Eye disorders
    Neonatal eye haematoma
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 179 (0.56%)
    1 / 183 (0.55%)
    0 / 184 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    1
    0
    Subconjunctival haemorrhage
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 179 (0.00%)
    1 / 183 (0.55%)
    0 / 184 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    1
    0
    Gastrointestinal disorders
    Rectal bleed
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 179 (0.56%)
    0 / 183 (0.00%)
    1 / 184 (0.54%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    0
    1
    Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders
    Rash
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 179 (1.68%)
    0 / 183 (0.00%)
    2 / 184 (1.09%)
         occurrences all number
    3
    0
    2
    Endocrine disorders
    Gestational diabetes
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 179 (1.12%)
    0 / 183 (0.00%)
    3 / 184 (1.63%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    0
    3
    Infections and infestations
    Infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    7 / 179 (3.91%)
    6 / 183 (3.28%)
    10 / 184 (5.43%)
         occurrences all number
    7
    6
    10

    More information

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    Substantial protocol amendments (globally)

    Were there any global substantial amendments to the protocol? No

    Interruptions (globally)

    Were there any global interruptions to the trial? No

    Limitations and caveats

    Limitations of the trial such as small numbers of subjects analysed or technical problems leading to unreliable data.
    None reported
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