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    Clinical Trial Results:
    Apixaban versus antiplatelet drugs or no antithrombotic drugs after anticoagulation-associated intracerebral haemorrhage in patients with atrial fibrillation. A randomised phase II clinical trial.

    Summary
    EudraCT number
    2014-000112-33
    Trial protocol
    NL  
    Global end of trial date
    15 Jan 2021

    Results information
    Results version number
    v1(current)
    This version publication date
    05 Jan 2024
    First version publication date
    05 Jan 2024
    Other versions
    Summary report(s)
    summary APACHE-AF

    Trial information

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    Trial identification
    Sponsor protocol code
    NL47761.041.14
    Additional study identifiers
    ISRCTN number
    -
    US NCT number
    NCT02565693
    WHO universal trial number (UTN)
    U1111-1154-5474
    Other trial identifiers
    NTR: 4395
    Sponsors
    Sponsor organisation name
    University Medical Center Utrecht
    Sponsor organisation address
    Heidelberglaan 100, Utrecht, Netherlands, 3584CX
    Public contact
    Dept. of Neurology & Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, 31 0887557975, h.b.vanderworp@umcutrecht.nl
    Scientific contact
    Dept. of Neurology & Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, 31 0887557975, h.b.vanderworp@umcutrecht.nl
    Paediatric regulatory details
    Is trial part of an agreed paediatric investigation plan (PIP)
    No
    Does article 45 of REGULATION (EC) No 1901/2006 apply to this trial?
    No
    Does article 46 of REGULATION (EC) No 1901/2006 apply to this trial?
    No
    Results analysis stage
    Analysis stage
    Final
    Date of interim/final analysis
    29 Aug 2021
    Is this the analysis of the primary completion data?
    Yes
    Primary completion date
    15 Jan 2021
    Global end of trial reached?
    Yes
    Global end of trial date
    15 Jan 2021
    Was the trial ended prematurely?
    No
    General information about the trial
    Main objective of the trial
    To obtain reliable estimates of the rates of vascular death or non-fatal stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation and a recent anticoagulation-associated intracerebral hemorrhage who are treated with apixaban versus those who are treated with antiplatelet drugs or no antithrombotics.
    Protection of trial subjects
    Participants were protected by means of careful in- and exclusion criteria, thus reducing the risk of potential harm from allocation to active treatment. Additionally, participants allocated to active treatment underwent 2-3/year venapuncture to determine EGFR and, if necessary, allow for dose adjustments of apixaban.
    Background therapy
    Not applicable
    Evidence for comparator
    At the time of the design of the trial, there was no data on what treatment option was best to prevent new cardiovascular events.
    Actual start date of recruitment
    01 Aug 2014
    Long term follow-up planned
    Yes
    Long term follow-up rationale
    Safety, Efficacy
    Long term follow-up duration
    10 Years
    Independent data monitoring committee (IDMC) involvement?
    Yes
    Population of trial subjects
    Number of subjects enrolled per country
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Netherlands: 101
    Worldwide total number of subjects
    101
    EEA total number of subjects
    101
    Number of subjects enrolled per age group
    In utero
    0
    Preterm newborn - gestational age < 37 wk
    0
    Newborns (0-27 days)
    0
    Infants and toddlers (28 days-23 months)
    0
    Children (2-11 years)
    0
    Adolescents (12-17 years)
    0
    Adults (18-64 years)
    3
    From 65 to 84 years
    78
    85 years and over
    20

    Subject disposition

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    Recruitment
    Recruitment details
    We included 101 participants from 16 hospitals in the Netherlands between January 15, 2015 and July 6, 2020

    Pre-assignment
    Screening details
    We included adults with a spontaneous ICH (including isolated intraventricular haemorrhage) in the previous seven to 90 days during treatment with anticoagulation (vitamin K antagonist, NOAC, or (low-molecular-weight) heparin at therapeutic dose) because of documented (paroxysmal) non-valvular atrial fibrillation.

    Period 1
    Period 1 title
    baseline
    Is this the baseline period?
    Yes
    Allocation method
    Randomised - controlled
    Blinding used
    Not blinded
    Blinding implementation details
    Outcome event adjudication was performed blinded to the patient’s identity, treatment allocation, and antithrombotic drug use.

    Arms
    Are arms mutually exclusive
    Yes

    Arm title
    apixaban
    Arm description
    Patients assigned to apixaban received an oral dose of 5mg twice daily or a reduced dose of 2·5mg twice daily in case the creatine clearance was ≤30mL/min, or if two of three of the following criteria were present: age ≥80 years; body weight ≤60kg; or serum creatinine ≥133µmol/l.
    Arm type
    Experimental

    Investigational medicinal product name
    apixaban
    Investigational medicinal product code
    Other name
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Tablet
    Routes of administration
    Oral use
    Dosage and administration details
    Patients assigned to apixaban received an oral dose of 5mg twice daily or a reduced dose of 2·5mg twice daily in case the creatine clearance was ≤30mL/min, or if two of three of the following criteria were present: age ≥80 years; body weight ≤60kg; or serum creatinine ≥133µmol/l.

    Arm title
    avoid anticoagulation
    Arm description
    Treatment in the avoiding anticoagulation arm consisted of no antithrombotic treatment or oral antiplatelet treatment (acetylsalicylic acid 80mg once daily; carbasalate calcium 100mg once daily; clopidogrel 75mg once daily; or a combination of dipyridamole 200mg twice daily with either acetylsalicylic acid 80mg once daily or carbasalate calcium 100mg once daily), at the discretion of the treating physician.
    Arm type
    avoid anticoagulation

    Investigational medicinal product name
    No investigational medicinal product assigned in this arm
    Number of subjects in period 1
    apixaban avoid anticoagulation
    Started
    50
    51
    Completed
    50
    51
    Period 2
    Period 2 title
    follow-up
    Is this the baseline period?
    No
    Allocation method
    Randomised - controlled
    Blinding used
    Not blinded
    Blinding implementation details
    Outcome event adjudication was performed blinded to the patient’s identity, treatment allocation, and antithrombotic drug use.

    Arms
    Are arms mutually exclusive
    Yes

    Arm title
    apixaban
    Arm description
    Patients assigned to apixaban received an oral dose of 5mg twice daily or a reduced dose of 2·5mg twice daily in case the creatine clearance was ≤30mL/min, or if two of three of the following criteria were present: age ≥80 years; body weight ≤60kg; or serum creatinine ≥133µmol/l.
    Arm type
    Experimental

    Investigational medicinal product name
    apixaban
    Investigational medicinal product code
    Other name
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Tablet
    Routes of administration
    Oral use
    Dosage and administration details
    Patients assigned to apixaban received an oral dose of 5mg twice daily or a reduced dose of 2·5mg twice daily in case the creatine clearance was ≤30mL/min, or if two of three of the following criteria were present: age ≥80 years; body weight ≤60kg; or serum creatinine ≥133µmol/l.

    Arm title
    avoid anticoagulation
    Arm description
    Treatment in the avoiding anticoagulation arm consisted of no antithrombotic treatment or oral antiplatelet treatment (acetylsalicylic acid 80mg once daily; carbasalate calcium 100mg once daily; clopidogrel 75mg once daily; or a combination of dipyridamole 200mg twice daily with either acetylsalicylic acid 80mg once daily or carbasalate calcium 100mg once daily), at the discretion of the treating physician
    Arm type
    avoid anticoagulation

    Investigational medicinal product name
    No investigational medicinal product assigned in this arm
    Number of subjects in period 2
    apixaban avoid anticoagulation
    Started
    50
    51
    Completed
    50
    51

    Baseline characteristics

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    Baseline characteristics reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    apixaban
    Reporting group description
    Patients assigned to apixaban received an oral dose of 5mg twice daily or a reduced dose of 2·5mg twice daily in case the creatine clearance was ≤30mL/min, or if two of three of the following criteria were present: age ≥80 years; body weight ≤60kg; or serum creatinine ≥133µmol/l.

    Reporting group title
    avoid anticoagulation
    Reporting group description
    Treatment in the avoiding anticoagulation arm consisted of no antithrombotic treatment or oral antiplatelet treatment (acetylsalicylic acid 80mg once daily; carbasalate calcium 100mg once daily; clopidogrel 75mg once daily; or a combination of dipyridamole 200mg twice daily with either acetylsalicylic acid 80mg once daily or carbasalate calcium 100mg once daily), at the discretion of the treating physician.

    Reporting group values
    apixaban avoid anticoagulation Total
    Number of subjects
    50 51 101
    Age categorical
    Units: Subjects
        In utero
    0 0 0
        Preterm newborn infants (gestational age < 37 wks)
    0 0 0
        Newborns (0-27 days)
    0 0 0
        Infants and toddlers (28 days-23 months)
    0 0 0
        Children (2-11 years)
    0 0 0
        Adolescents (12-17 years)
    0 0 0
        Adults (18-64 years)
    3 0 3
        From 65-84 years
    37 41 78
        85 years and over
    10 10 20
    Age continuous
    Units: years
        median (inter-quartile range (Q1-Q3))
    77 (74 to 83) 79 (72 to 83) -
    Gender categorical
    Units: Subjects
        Female
    23 23 46
        Male
    27 28 55
    Subject analysis sets

    Subject analysis set title
    Primary analysis
    Subject analysis set type
    Intention-to-treat
    Subject analysis set description
    We quantified the annual event rate with 95% CI for occurrence of the primary outcome in each of the two treatment groups, in the intention-to-treat (ITT) population, compromising all participants who had been randomly assigned, irrespective of whether they used their allocated treatment.

    Subject analysis sets values
    Primary analysis
    Number of subjects
    101
    Age categorical
    Units: Subjects
        In utero
        Preterm newborn infants (gestational age < 37 wks)
        Newborns (0-27 days)
        Infants and toddlers (28 days-23 months)
        Children (2-11 years)
        Adolescents (12-17 years)
        Adults (18-64 years)
    3
        From 65-84 years
    78
        85 years and over
    20
    Age continuous
    Units: years
        median (inter-quartile range (Q1-Q3))
    Gender categorical
    Units: Subjects
        Female
        Male

    End points

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    End points reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    apixaban
    Reporting group description
    Patients assigned to apixaban received an oral dose of 5mg twice daily or a reduced dose of 2·5mg twice daily in case the creatine clearance was ≤30mL/min, or if two of three of the following criteria were present: age ≥80 years; body weight ≤60kg; or serum creatinine ≥133µmol/l.

    Reporting group title
    avoid anticoagulation
    Reporting group description
    Treatment in the avoiding anticoagulation arm consisted of no antithrombotic treatment or oral antiplatelet treatment (acetylsalicylic acid 80mg once daily; carbasalate calcium 100mg once daily; clopidogrel 75mg once daily; or a combination of dipyridamole 200mg twice daily with either acetylsalicylic acid 80mg once daily or carbasalate calcium 100mg once daily), at the discretion of the treating physician.
    Reporting group title
    apixaban
    Reporting group description
    Patients assigned to apixaban received an oral dose of 5mg twice daily or a reduced dose of 2·5mg twice daily in case the creatine clearance was ≤30mL/min, or if two of three of the following criteria were present: age ≥80 years; body weight ≤60kg; or serum creatinine ≥133µmol/l.

    Reporting group title
    avoid anticoagulation
    Reporting group description
    Treatment in the avoiding anticoagulation arm consisted of no antithrombotic treatment or oral antiplatelet treatment (acetylsalicylic acid 80mg once daily; carbasalate calcium 100mg once daily; clopidogrel 75mg once daily; or a combination of dipyridamole 200mg twice daily with either acetylsalicylic acid 80mg once daily or carbasalate calcium 100mg once daily), at the discretion of the treating physician

    Subject analysis set title
    Primary analysis
    Subject analysis set type
    Intention-to-treat
    Subject analysis set description
    We quantified the annual event rate with 95% CI for occurrence of the primary outcome in each of the two treatment groups, in the intention-to-treat (ITT) population, compromising all participants who had been randomly assigned, irrespective of whether they used their allocated treatment.

    Primary: non-fatal stroke or vascular death

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    End point title
    non-fatal stroke or vascular death
    End point description
    The primary outcome was the combination of non-fatal stroke (ischaemic stroke, ICH or subarachnoid haemorrhage) or vascular death, whichever came first, during follow-up.
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    Entire follow-up period
    End point values
    apixaban avoid anticoagulation
    Number of subjects analysed
    50
    51
    Units: numbers
    13
    12
    Statistical analysis title
    Analysis primary outcome
    Statistical analysis description
    We quantified the annual event rate with 95% CI for occurrence of the primary outcome in each of the two treatment arms, based on the intention-to-treat (ITT) population, compromising all participants who had been randomised, irrespective of whether they used their allocated treatment. We estimated the survival function by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis of time from randomisation to first outcome event during follow-up by treatment group. Follow-up was censored at death (unrelated to an outcome
    Comparison groups
    apixaban v avoid anticoagulation
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    101
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    ≤ 0.05 [1]
    Method
    Regression, Cox
    Confidence interval
    Notes
    [1] - No formal cut-off was pre-specified. The above is the default option

    Adverse events

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    Adverse events information
    Timeframe for reporting adverse events
    Full duration of follow-up.
    Adverse event reporting additional description
    Adverse events are reported on an intention-to-treat basis.
    Assessment type
    Systematic
    Dictionary used for adverse event reporting
    Dictionary name
    MedDRA
    Dictionary version
    24.0
    Reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    apixaban
    Reporting group description
    patients randomised to apixaban

    Reporting group title
    avoid anticoagulation
    Reporting group description
    patients randomised to avoiding anticoagulation

    Serious adverse events
    apixaban avoid anticoagulation
    Total subjects affected by serious adverse events
         subjects affected / exposed
    26 / 50 (52.00%)
    25 / 51 (49.02%)
         number of deaths (all causes)
    9
    11
         number of deaths resulting from adverse events
    9
    11
    Neoplasms benign, malignant and unspecified (incl cysts and polyps)
    cancer
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 50 (2.00%)
    3 / 51 (5.88%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 4
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 1
    Vascular disorders
    Retinal vein thrombosis
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 50 (0.00%)
    1 / 51 (1.96%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Cardiac disorders
    Myocardial infarction
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 50 (0.00%)
    2 / 51 (3.92%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    Sudden death
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 50 (4.00%)
    3 / 51 (5.88%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
    0 / 3
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
    0 / 3
    Arrhythmia
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 50 (0.00%)
    1 / 51 (1.96%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    cardiac decompensation
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 50 (4.00%)
    1 / 51 (1.96%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 3
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 1
    Surgical and medical procedures
    Euthanasia
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 50 (0.00%)
    1 / 51 (1.96%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    Withdrawal of life support
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 50 (2.00%)
    0 / 51 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    Surgery
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 50 (2.00%)
    1 / 51 (1.96%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Nervous system disorders
    intracerebral hemorrhage
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 50 (8.00%)
    1 / 51 (1.96%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    4 / 4
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 1
    0 / 0
    ischemic stroke
         subjects affected / exposed
    7 / 50 (14.00%)
    6 / 51 (11.76%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 7
    0 / 6
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 2
    Nervous system disorder
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 50 (0.00%)
    3 / 51 (5.88%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 3
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Seizure
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 50 (4.00%)
    1 / 51 (1.96%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 3
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Blood and lymphatic system disorders
    clinically relevant non-major bleeding
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 50 (2.00%)
    0 / 51 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    major extracranial bleeding
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 50 (4.00%)
    2 / 51 (3.92%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    2 / 2
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Pulmonary embolism
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 50 (0.00%)
    4 / 51 (7.84%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 4
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
    Pulmonary fibrosis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 50 (2.00%)
    0 / 51 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    exacerbation COPD
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 50 (0.00%)
    1 / 51 (1.96%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Psychiatric disorders
    Delirium
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 50 (0.00%)
    1 / 51 (1.96%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Depression
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 50 (0.00%)
    1 / 51 (1.96%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Renal and urinary disorders
    Renal failure
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 50 (0.00%)
    1 / 51 (1.96%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders
    Fracture
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 50 (4.00%)
    1 / 51 (1.96%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Infections and infestations
    Pneumonia
         subjects affected / exposed
    5 / 50 (10.00%)
    2 / 51 (3.92%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 6
    0 / 3
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    5 / 50 (10.00%)
    3 / 51 (5.88%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 7
    0 / 4
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Metabolism and nutrition disorders
    Hyperglycaemia
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 50 (0.00%)
    1 / 51 (1.96%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Frequency threshold for reporting non-serious adverse events: 5%
    Non-serious adverse events
    apixaban avoid anticoagulation
    Total subjects affected by non serious adverse events
         subjects affected / exposed
    6 / 50 (12.00%)
    5 / 51 (9.80%)
    Nervous system disorders
    transient ischemic attack
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 50 (8.00%)
    2 / 51 (3.92%)
         occurrences all number
    7
    2
    Blood and lymphatic system disorders
    Epistaxis
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 50 (6.00%)
    0 / 51 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    3
    0
    General disorders and administration site conditions
    Fall
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 50 (0.00%)
    1 / 51 (1.96%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    1
    Renal and urinary disorders
    Urinary tract infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 50 (0.00%)
    1 / 51 (1.96%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    1
    hematuria
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 50 (2.00%)
    2 / 51 (3.92%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    2
    Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders
    muscle hematoma
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 50 (2.00%)
    0 / 51 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    0

    More information

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    Substantial protocol amendments (globally)

    Were there any global substantial amendments to the protocol? Yes
    Date
    Amendment
    12 Nov 2014
    amendment 1: study sites added
    16 Jan 2015
    amendment 2: study sites added
    12 Feb 2015
    amendment 3: study sites added; exclusion criterion 'Rheumatic mitral valve disease, a prosthetic heart valve, or mitral valve repair' replaced by 'Mechanical prosthetic heart valve (biological prosthetic heart valves are allowed) or rheumatic mitral valve disease;' change in monitoring plan.
    08 Jun 2015
    amendment 4: study site added; inclusion criterion 'Intracerebral haemorrhage (including isolated spontaneous intraventricular haemorrhage), documented with CT or MRI, during treatment with anticoagulation (VKA, any direct thrombin inhibitor, any factor Xa inhibitor, or (low-molecular-weight) heparin at a therapeutic dose)' replaced by 'Intracerebral haemorrhage, documented with CT or MRI, during treatment with anticoagulation (VKA, any direct thrombin inhibitor, any factor Xa inhibitor, or (low-molecular-weight) heparin at a therapeutic dose).'
    23 Nov 2016
    amendment 5: change in titles and personal details principal investigator and co-principal investigator; change in local principal investigator at study site; change in adverse event reporting section in study protocol; update of Summaries of Product Characteristics; based on the update of the Summaries of Product Characteristics: adding three potential side effects to the patient information letter; change in Chair of DSMB.
    22 Mar 2017
    amendment 6: change in exclusion criterion: the minimum CHA2DS2-Vasc-score for inclusion is reduced from 3 to 2; change in section 6.7 of study protocol (Preparation and labelling) to clarify that GMP Annex 13 is adhered to; change in study protocol and patient information letter with respect to drug accountability; change in paragraph 9.2 of study protocol (Recruitment and consent) with regard to the inclusion of incapacitated patients; change in section 10.1 (Handling and storage of data and documents) of study protocol and relevant section in patient information letter: central collection of personal data is terminated; change in local principal investigator at study site and administrative changes with regard to naming of study sites.
    09 May 2018
    amendment 7: study site added; extension of inclusion period; amendment of monitor plan; update of Summary of Product Characteristics; update of patient information letter based on update of Summary of Product Characteristics; deletion of modified Morisky Scale from study protocol.
    01 Dec 2020
    amendment 8: extension of inclusion period; change in name of one study site; change in local principal investigator at study site; editorial changes study protocol.

    Interruptions (globally)

    Were there any global interruptions to the trial? No

    Limitations and caveats

    Limitations of the trial such as small numbers of subjects analysed or technical problems leading to unreliable data.
    None reported

    Online references

    http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34687635
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