Clinical Trial Results:
Apixaban versus antiplatelet drugs or no antithrombotic drugs after anticoagulation-associated intracerebral haemorrhage in patients with atrial fibrillation. A randomised phase II clinical trial.
Summary
|
|
EudraCT number |
2014-000112-33 |
Trial protocol |
NL |
Global end of trial date |
15 Jan 2021
|
Results information
|
|
Results version number |
v1(current) |
This version publication date |
05 Jan 2024
|
First version publication date |
05 Jan 2024
|
Other versions |
|
Summary report(s) |
summary APACHE-AF |
Trial Information
Subject Disposition
Baseline Characteristics
End Points
Adverse Events
More Information
Subject Disposition
Baseline Characteristics
End Points
Adverse Events
More Information
|
|||
Trial identification
|
|||
Sponsor protocol code |
NL47761.041.14
|
||
Additional study identifiers
|
|||
ISRCTN number |
- | ||
US NCT number |
NCT02565693 | ||
WHO universal trial number (UTN) |
U1111-1154-5474 | ||
Other trial identifiers |
NTR: 4395 | ||
Sponsors
|
|||
Sponsor organisation name |
University Medical Center Utrecht
|
||
Sponsor organisation address |
Heidelberglaan 100, Utrecht, Netherlands, 3584CX
|
||
Public contact |
Dept. of Neurology & Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, 31 0887557975, h.b.vanderworp@umcutrecht.nl
|
||
Scientific contact |
Dept. of Neurology & Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, 31 0887557975, h.b.vanderworp@umcutrecht.nl
|
||
Paediatric regulatory details
|
|||
Is trial part of an agreed paediatric investigation plan (PIP) |
No
|
||
Does article 45 of REGULATION (EC) No 1901/2006 apply to this trial? |
No
|
||
Does article 46 of REGULATION (EC) No 1901/2006 apply to this trial? |
No
|
||
Results analysis stage
|
|||
Analysis stage |
Final
|
||
Date of interim/final analysis |
29 Aug 2021
|
||
Is this the analysis of the primary completion data? |
Yes
|
||
Primary completion date |
15 Jan 2021
|
||
Global end of trial reached? |
Yes
|
||
Global end of trial date |
15 Jan 2021
|
||
Was the trial ended prematurely? |
No
|
||
General information about the trial
|
|||
Main objective of the trial |
To obtain reliable estimates of the rates of vascular death or non-fatal stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation and a recent anticoagulation-associated intracerebral hemorrhage who are treated with apixaban versus those who are treated with antiplatelet drugs or no antithrombotics.
|
||
Protection of trial subjects |
Participants were protected by means of careful in- and exclusion criteria, thus reducing the risk of potential harm from allocation to active treatment. Additionally, participants allocated to active treatment underwent 2-3/year venapuncture to determine EGFR and, if necessary, allow for dose adjustments of apixaban.
|
||
Background therapy |
Not applicable | ||
Evidence for comparator |
At the time of the design of the trial, there was no data on what treatment option was best to prevent new cardiovascular events. | ||
Actual start date of recruitment |
01 Aug 2014
|
||
Long term follow-up planned |
Yes
|
||
Long term follow-up rationale |
Safety, Efficacy | ||
Long term follow-up duration |
10 Years | ||
Independent data monitoring committee (IDMC) involvement? |
Yes
|
||
Population of trial subjects
|
|||
Number of subjects enrolled per country |
|||
Country: Number of subjects enrolled |
Netherlands: 101
|
||
Worldwide total number of subjects |
101
|
||
EEA total number of subjects |
101
|
||
Number of subjects enrolled per age group |
|||
In utero |
0
|
||
Preterm newborn - gestational age < 37 wk |
0
|
||
Newborns (0-27 days) |
0
|
||
Infants and toddlers (28 days-23 months) |
0
|
||
Children (2-11 years) |
0
|
||
Adolescents (12-17 years) |
0
|
||
Adults (18-64 years) |
3
|
||
From 65 to 84 years |
78
|
||
85 years and over |
20
|
|
||||||||||
Recruitment
|
||||||||||
Recruitment details |
We included 101 participants from 16 hospitals in the Netherlands between January 15, 2015 and July 6, 2020 | |||||||||
Pre-assignment
|
||||||||||
Screening details |
We included adults with a spontaneous ICH (including isolated intraventricular haemorrhage) in the previous seven to 90 days during treatment with anticoagulation (vitamin K antagonist, NOAC, or (low-molecular-weight) heparin at therapeutic dose) because of documented (paroxysmal) non-valvular atrial fibrillation. | |||||||||
Period 1
|
||||||||||
Period 1 title |
baseline
|
|||||||||
Is this the baseline period? |
Yes | |||||||||
Allocation method |
Randomised - controlled
|
|||||||||
Blinding used |
Not blinded | |||||||||
Blinding implementation details |
Outcome event adjudication was performed blinded to the patient’s identity, treatment allocation, and antithrombotic drug use.
|
|||||||||
Arms
|
||||||||||
Are arms mutually exclusive |
Yes
|
|||||||||
Arm title
|
apixaban | |||||||||
Arm description |
Patients assigned to apixaban received an oral dose of 5mg twice daily or a reduced dose of 2·5mg twice daily in case the creatine clearance was ≤30mL/min, or if two of three of the following criteria were present: age ≥80 years; body weight ≤60kg; or serum creatinine ≥133µmol/l. | |||||||||
Arm type |
Experimental | |||||||||
Investigational medicinal product name |
apixaban
|
|||||||||
Investigational medicinal product code |
||||||||||
Other name |
||||||||||
Pharmaceutical forms |
Tablet
|
|||||||||
Routes of administration |
Oral use
|
|||||||||
Dosage and administration details |
Patients assigned to apixaban received an oral dose of 5mg twice daily or a reduced dose of 2·5mg twice daily in case the creatine clearance was ≤30mL/min, or if two of three of the following criteria were present: age ≥80 years; body weight ≤60kg; or serum creatinine ≥133µmol/l.
|
|||||||||
Arm title
|
avoid anticoagulation | |||||||||
Arm description |
Treatment in the avoiding anticoagulation arm consisted of no antithrombotic treatment or oral antiplatelet treatment (acetylsalicylic acid 80mg once daily; carbasalate calcium 100mg once daily; clopidogrel 75mg once daily; or a combination of dipyridamole 200mg twice daily with either acetylsalicylic acid 80mg once daily or carbasalate calcium 100mg once daily), at the discretion of the treating physician. | |||||||||
Arm type |
avoid anticoagulation | |||||||||
Investigational medicinal product name |
No investigational medicinal product assigned in this arm
|
|||||||||
|
||||||||||
Period 2
|
||||||||||
Period 2 title |
follow-up
|
|||||||||
Is this the baseline period? |
No | |||||||||
Allocation method |
Randomised - controlled
|
|||||||||
Blinding used |
Not blinded | |||||||||
Blinding implementation details |
Outcome event adjudication was performed blinded to the patient’s identity, treatment allocation, and antithrombotic drug use.
|
|||||||||
Arms
|
||||||||||
Are arms mutually exclusive |
Yes
|
|||||||||
Arm title
|
apixaban | |||||||||
Arm description |
Patients assigned to apixaban received an oral dose of 5mg twice daily or a reduced dose of 2·5mg twice daily in case the creatine clearance was ≤30mL/min, or if two of three of the following criteria were present: age ≥80 years; body weight ≤60kg; or serum creatinine ≥133µmol/l. | |||||||||
Arm type |
Experimental | |||||||||
Investigational medicinal product name |
apixaban
|
|||||||||
Investigational medicinal product code |
||||||||||
Other name |
||||||||||
Pharmaceutical forms |
Tablet
|
|||||||||
Routes of administration |
Oral use
|
|||||||||
Dosage and administration details |
Patients assigned to apixaban received an oral dose of 5mg twice daily or a reduced dose of 2·5mg twice daily in case the creatine clearance was ≤30mL/min, or if two of three of the following criteria were present: age ≥80 years; body weight ≤60kg; or serum creatinine ≥133µmol/l.
|
|||||||||
Arm title
|
avoid anticoagulation | |||||||||
Arm description |
Treatment in the avoiding anticoagulation arm consisted of no antithrombotic treatment or oral antiplatelet treatment (acetylsalicylic acid 80mg once daily; carbasalate calcium 100mg once daily; clopidogrel 75mg once daily; or a combination of dipyridamole 200mg twice daily with either acetylsalicylic acid 80mg once daily or carbasalate calcium 100mg once daily), at the discretion of the treating physician | |||||||||
Arm type |
avoid anticoagulation | |||||||||
Investigational medicinal product name |
No investigational medicinal product assigned in this arm
|
|||||||||
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Baseline characteristics reporting groups
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Reporting group title |
apixaban
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Reporting group description |
Patients assigned to apixaban received an oral dose of 5mg twice daily or a reduced dose of 2·5mg twice daily in case the creatine clearance was ≤30mL/min, or if two of three of the following criteria were present: age ≥80 years; body weight ≤60kg; or serum creatinine ≥133µmol/l. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Reporting group title |
avoid anticoagulation
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Reporting group description |
Treatment in the avoiding anticoagulation arm consisted of no antithrombotic treatment or oral antiplatelet treatment (acetylsalicylic acid 80mg once daily; carbasalate calcium 100mg once daily; clopidogrel 75mg once daily; or a combination of dipyridamole 200mg twice daily with either acetylsalicylic acid 80mg once daily or carbasalate calcium 100mg once daily), at the discretion of the treating physician. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Subject analysis sets
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Subject analysis set title |
Primary analysis
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Subject analysis set type |
Intention-to-treat | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Subject analysis set description |
We quantified the annual event rate with 95% CI for occurrence of the primary outcome in each of the two treatment groups, in the intention-to-treat (ITT) population, compromising all participants who had been randomly assigned, irrespective of whether they used their allocated treatment.
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|||
End points reporting groups
|
|||
Reporting group title |
apixaban
|
||
Reporting group description |
Patients assigned to apixaban received an oral dose of 5mg twice daily or a reduced dose of 2·5mg twice daily in case the creatine clearance was ≤30mL/min, or if two of three of the following criteria were present: age ≥80 years; body weight ≤60kg; or serum creatinine ≥133µmol/l. | ||
Reporting group title |
avoid anticoagulation
|
||
Reporting group description |
Treatment in the avoiding anticoagulation arm consisted of no antithrombotic treatment or oral antiplatelet treatment (acetylsalicylic acid 80mg once daily; carbasalate calcium 100mg once daily; clopidogrel 75mg once daily; or a combination of dipyridamole 200mg twice daily with either acetylsalicylic acid 80mg once daily or carbasalate calcium 100mg once daily), at the discretion of the treating physician. | ||
Reporting group title |
apixaban
|
||
Reporting group description |
Patients assigned to apixaban received an oral dose of 5mg twice daily or a reduced dose of 2·5mg twice daily in case the creatine clearance was ≤30mL/min, or if two of three of the following criteria were present: age ≥80 years; body weight ≤60kg; or serum creatinine ≥133µmol/l. | ||
Reporting group title |
avoid anticoagulation
|
||
Reporting group description |
Treatment in the avoiding anticoagulation arm consisted of no antithrombotic treatment or oral antiplatelet treatment (acetylsalicylic acid 80mg once daily; carbasalate calcium 100mg once daily; clopidogrel 75mg once daily; or a combination of dipyridamole 200mg twice daily with either acetylsalicylic acid 80mg once daily or carbasalate calcium 100mg once daily), at the discretion of the treating physician | ||
Subject analysis set title |
Primary analysis
|
||
Subject analysis set type |
Intention-to-treat | ||
Subject analysis set description |
We quantified the annual event rate with 95% CI for occurrence of the primary outcome in each of the two treatment groups, in the intention-to-treat (ITT) population, compromising all participants who had been randomly assigned, irrespective of whether they used their allocated treatment.
|
|
||||||||||
End point title |
non-fatal stroke or vascular death | |||||||||
End point description |
The primary outcome was the combination of non-fatal stroke (ischaemic stroke, ICH or subarachnoid haemorrhage) or vascular death, whichever came first, during follow-up.
|
|||||||||
End point type |
Primary
|
|||||||||
End point timeframe |
Entire follow-up period
|
|||||||||
|
||||||||||
Statistical analysis title |
Analysis primary outcome | |||||||||
Statistical analysis description |
We quantified the annual event rate with 95% CI for occurrence of the primary outcome in each of the two treatment arms, based on the intention-to-treat (ITT) population, compromising all participants who had been randomised, irrespective of whether they used their allocated treatment.
We estimated the survival function by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis of time from randomisation to first outcome event during follow-up by treatment group. Follow-up was censored at death (unrelated to an outcome
|
|||||||||
Comparison groups |
apixaban v avoid anticoagulation
|
|||||||||
Number of subjects included in analysis |
101
|
|||||||||
Analysis specification |
Pre-specified
|
|||||||||
Analysis type |
superiority | |||||||||
P-value |
≤ 0.05 [1] | |||||||||
Method |
Regression, Cox | |||||||||
Confidence interval |
||||||||||
Notes [1] - No formal cut-off was pre-specified. The above is the default option |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Adverse events information
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Timeframe for reporting adverse events |
Full duration of follow-up.
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Adverse event reporting additional description |
Adverse events are reported on an intention-to-treat basis.
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Assessment type |
Systematic | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dictionary used for adverse event reporting
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dictionary name |
MedDRA | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dictionary version |
24.0
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Reporting groups
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Reporting group title |
apixaban
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Reporting group description |
patients randomised to apixaban | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Reporting group title |
avoid anticoagulation
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Reporting group description |
patients randomised to avoiding anticoagulation | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Frequency threshold for reporting non-serious adverse events: 5% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|||
Substantial protocol amendments (globally) |
|||
Were there any global substantial amendments to the protocol? Yes | |||
Date |
Amendment |
||
12 Nov 2014 |
amendment 1:
study sites added |
||
16 Jan 2015 |
amendment 2:
study sites added |
||
12 Feb 2015 |
amendment 3:
study sites added;
exclusion criterion 'Rheumatic mitral valve disease, a prosthetic heart valve, or mitral valve repair' replaced by 'Mechanical prosthetic heart valve (biological prosthetic heart valves are allowed) or rheumatic mitral valve disease;'
change in monitoring plan. |
||
08 Jun 2015 |
amendment 4:
study site added;
inclusion criterion 'Intracerebral haemorrhage (including isolated spontaneous intraventricular haemorrhage), documented with CT or MRI, during treatment with anticoagulation (VKA, any direct thrombin inhibitor, any factor Xa inhibitor, or (low-molecular-weight) heparin at a therapeutic dose)' replaced by 'Intracerebral haemorrhage, documented with CT or MRI, during treatment with anticoagulation (VKA, any direct thrombin inhibitor, any factor Xa inhibitor, or (low-molecular-weight) heparin at a therapeutic dose).' |
||
23 Nov 2016 |
amendment 5:
change in titles and personal details principal investigator and co-principal investigator;
change in local principal investigator at study site;
change in adverse event reporting section in study protocol;
update of Summaries of Product Characteristics;
based on the update of the Summaries of Product Characteristics: adding three potential side effects to the patient information letter;
change in Chair of DSMB. |
||
22 Mar 2017 |
amendment 6:
change in exclusion criterion: the minimum CHA2DS2-Vasc-score for inclusion is reduced from 3 to 2;
change in section 6.7 of study protocol (Preparation and labelling) to clarify that GMP Annex 13 is adhered to;
change in study protocol and patient information letter with respect to drug accountability;
change in paragraph 9.2 of study protocol (Recruitment and consent) with regard to the inclusion of incapacitated patients;
change in section 10.1 (Handling and storage of data and documents) of study protocol and relevant section in patient information letter: central collection of personal data is terminated;
change in local principal investigator at study site and administrative changes with regard to naming of study sites.
|
||
09 May 2018 |
amendment 7:
study site added;
extension of inclusion period;
amendment of monitor plan;
update of Summary of Product Characteristics;
update of patient information letter based on update of Summary of Product Characteristics;
deletion of modified Morisky Scale from study protocol.
|
||
01 Dec 2020 |
amendment 8:
extension of inclusion period;
change in name of one study site;
change in local principal investigator at study site;
editorial changes study protocol. |
||
Interruptions (globally) |
|||
Were there any global interruptions to the trial? No | |||
Limitations and caveats |
|||
Limitations of the trial such as small numbers of subjects analysed or technical problems leading to unreliable data. | |||
None reported | |||
Online references |
|||
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34687635 |