E.1 Medical condition or disease under investigation |
E.1.1 | Medical condition(s) being investigated |
Severe post-operative pain |
|
E.1.1.1 | Medical condition in easily understood language |
Acute post-operative pain |
|
E.1.1.2 | Therapeutic area | Diseases [C] - Symptoms and general pathology [C23] |
MedDRA Classification |
E.1.2 Medical condition or disease under investigation |
E.1.2 | Version | 18.0 |
E.1.2 | Level | LLT |
E.1.2 | Classification code | 10036286 |
E.1.2 | Term | Post-operative pain |
E.1.2 | System Organ Class | 100000004863 |
|
E.1.3 | Condition being studied is a rare disease | No |
E.2 Objective of the trial |
E.2.1 | Main objective of the trial |
The primary objective of the trial is to collect serum concentration data of tapentadol and its major metabolite tapentadol-O-glucuronide after the administration of a single dose of intravenous tapentadol solution for injection in children aged from birth to less than 2 years, including preterm neonates, after a surgical procedure that routinely produces moderate to severe acute pain requiring opioid treatment. The concentration data will be used to characterize the pharmacokinetic parameters of tapentadol using population and physiologically-based pharmacokinetic approaches.
This will enable data based recommendations for the use of tapentadol in children of different ages. |
|
E.2.2 | Secondary objectives of the trial |
To evaluate the safety and tolerability of a single dose of tapentadol intravenous solution in the population studied.
To explore the effect of intravenous tapentadol solution for injection on moderate to severe pain that, in the opinion of the investigator, requires treatment with an opioid, using validated age appropriate scales. |
|
E.2.3 | Trial contains a sub-study | No |
E.3 | Principal inclusion criteria |
1. The subject’s parent(s) or legal guardian(s) have given written informed consent to participate.
2. Male or female subject aged from birth to less than 2 years, including preterm neonates.
3. Gestational age at least 32 weeks.
4. Postnatal age at least 1 week (age subgroup 3 and age subgroup 4).
5. A body weight below the 97th percentile range according to World Health Organization standards, with a minimum body weight of 1.5 kg.
6. Physical status rated not higher than P3 on the American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status classification.
7. Subject has undergone surgery that, in the investigator’s opinion, would reliably produce moderate to severe pain requiring opioid treatment.
8. Preterm neonatal and neonatal subjects must be on an intensive care unit.
9. At the time of allocation to Investigational Medicinal Product, subject has a sedation score that is not higher than 2 (moderately sedated) on the University of Michigan Sedation Scale.
10. Subject has a reliable venous vascular access for pharmacokinetic blood sampling. |
|
E.4 | Principal exclusion criteria |
1. The subject’s parent(s) or legal guardian(s) is an employee of the investigator or trial site, with direct involvement in this trial or other trials under the direction of that investigator or trial site, or the subject, or subject’s parent(s), or legal guardian(s) is a family member of the employees or the investigator.
2. Subject has been previously exposed to tapentadol.
3. Subject has received an experimental drug or used an experimental medical device within 28 days before allocation to Investigational Medicinal Product (IMP), or within a period less than 10 times the drug’s half-life, whichever is longer.
4. Concomitant participation in another interventional clinical trial for the duration of this trial.
5. Subject has undergone brain surgery.
6. Subject requires prolonged mechanical ventilation (more than 48 hours after surgery) or, the subject is mechanically ventilated at the time of allocation to Investigational Medicinal Product.
7. Subject has a history or current condition of any one of the following:
• Seizure disorder.
• Traumatic or hypoxic brain injury, brain contusion, intracranial
hematoma/hemorrhage, post-traumatic recovery, brain neoplasm, or episode(s) of unconsciousness of more than 24 hours.
8. Subject has a history or current condition of any one of the following:
• Moderate to severe renal impairment.
• Moderate to severe hepatic impairment.
• Clinically relevant abnormal pulmonary function or clinically relevant
respiratory disease that in the opinion of the investigator would put the subject at risk for developing respiratory depression.
9. Subject has signs or symptoms of congestive heart failure (e.g., requiring more
than minimal inotropic support, an abnormal lactic acid value >2-times upper
limit of normal), or hemorrhagic disorder following surgery.
• Minimal inotropic medication is defined as:
− - Dopamine 3 or more microgram/kg per minute (but not together with epinephrine).
− - Epinephrine 0.03 or more microgram/kg per minute (but not together with dopamine).
− - Milrinone 0.5 or more microgram/kg per minute or less.
10. Subject has a concomitant disease or disorder (e.g., endocrine, metabolic, neurological, or psychiatric disorder, or a febrile seizure or is at risk of, or has, paralytic ileus) that in the opinion of the investigator can affect or compromise subject’s safety during the trial participation.
11. Subject has cognitive or developmental impairment such that trial participation can affect or compromise the subject’s safety, or the subject’s ability to comply with the protocol requirements (as appropriate for the subject’s age), in the investigator’s judgment. Otherwise, subjects with cognitive or developmental impairment can be enrolled in the trial.
12. Subject has a clinically relevant history of hypersensitivity, allergy, or contraindication to tapentadol (or ingredients).
13. Subject has:
• Clinically relevant abnormal ECG in the investigator’s judgment.
• QT or corrected QT (QTc) interval >460 ms.
14. Subject has clinically relevant abnormal lab values from a sample obtained postoperatively
and prior to allocation to IMP. The following specifications apply:
• Aspartate transaminase or alanine transaminase is greater than 2.5-times upper limit of normal.
• For age subgroup 1 and age subgroup 2, total bilirubin is greater than 2-times upper limit of normal and direct bilirubin greater than 20% of the total bilirubin.
• For age subgroup 3 and age subgroup 4, total bilirubin is outside of the normal range for the age of the subject.
• Glomerular filtration rate (calculated according to Schwartz et al. 1984):
− - less than 30 mL/min/1.73 m2 for subjects 1 week to 8 weeks post-partum.
− - less than 50 mL/min/1.73 m2 for subjects >8 weeks post-partum.
• Other parameters (in the investigator’s judgment).
15. Sepsis that requires treatment with catecholamines.
16. Subject has been administered a prohibited medication.
17. The mother of a newborn subject or the breastfeeding mother of a subject was administered a prohibited medication.
18. Subject has post-operative, clinically unstable systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory depression, or clinically unstable upper or lower airway conditions (in the investigator’s judgment).
19. A peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) less than 92% for acyanotic subjects, or less than 75% for cyanotic subjects, with or without supplemental oxygen via nasal cannula, at the time of allocation to IMP.
20. Subject requires positive airway pressure, e.g., in form of a high flow nasal cannula or continuous positive airway pressure. |
|
E.5 End points |
E.5.1 | Primary end point(s) |
• Pharmacokinetic evaluation based on serum concentrations of tapentadol, and
• Pharmacokinetic evaluation based on serum concentrations of tapentadol-O-glucuronide. |
|
E.5.1.1 | Timepoint(s) of evaluation of this end point |
Blood samples taken within 10 hours of IMP intake at 3 time points per subject.
|
|
E.5.2 | Secondary end point(s) |
|
E.5.2.1 | Timepoint(s) of evaluation of this end point |
|
E.6 and E.7 Scope of the trial |
E.6 | Scope of the trial |
E.6.1 | Diagnosis | No |
E.6.2 | Prophylaxis | No |
E.6.3 | Therapy | No |
E.6.4 | Safety | Yes |
E.6.5 | Efficacy | Yes |
E.6.6 | Pharmacokinetic | Yes |
E.6.7 | Pharmacodynamic | No |
E.6.8 | Bioequivalence | No |
E.6.9 | Dose response | No |
E.6.10 | Pharmacogenetic | No |
E.6.11 | Pharmacogenomic | No |
E.6.12 | Pharmacoeconomic | No |
E.6.13 | Others | Yes |
E.6.13.1 | Other scope of the trial description |
Staggered recruitment by age starting with the recruitment of subjects in age group 1.
At least 4 subjects must be enrolled and dosed in an older age subgroup to assess targeted exposure and safety before enrollment of subjects in the next younger age subgroup. |
|
E.7 | Trial type and phase |
E.7.1 | Human pharmacology (Phase I) | No |
E.7.1.1 | First administration to humans | No |
E.7.1.2 | Bioequivalence study | No |
E.7.1.3 | Other | No |
E.7.1.3.1 | Other trial type description | |
E.7.2 | Therapeutic exploratory (Phase II) | Yes |
E.7.3 | Therapeutic confirmatory (Phase III) | No |
E.7.4 | Therapeutic use (Phase IV) | No |
E.8 Design of the trial |
E.8.1 | Controlled | No |
E.8.1.1 | Randomised | No |
E.8.1.2 | Open | Yes |
E.8.1.3 | Single blind | No |
E.8.1.4 | Double blind | No |
E.8.1.5 | Parallel group | No |
E.8.1.6 | Cross over | No |
E.8.1.7 | Other | No |
E.8.2 | Comparator of controlled trial |
E.8.2.1 | Other medicinal product(s) | No |
E.8.2.2 | Placebo | No |
E.8.2.3 | Other | No |
E.8.2.4 | Number of treatment arms in the trial | 1 |
E.8.3 |
The trial involves single site in the Member State concerned
| No |
E.8.4 | The trial involves multiple sites in the Member State concerned | Yes |
E.8.4.1 | Number of sites anticipated in Member State concerned | 5 |
E.8.5 | The trial involves multiple Member States | Yes |
E.8.5.1 | Number of sites anticipated in the EEA | 20 |
E.8.6 Trial involving sites outside the EEA |
E.8.6.1 | Trial being conducted both within and outside the EEA | No |
E.8.6.2 | Trial being conducted completely outside of the EEA | No |
E.8.7 | Trial has a data monitoring committee | Yes |
E.8.8 |
Definition of the end of the trial and justification where it is not the last
visit of the last subject undergoing the trial
|
|
E.8.9 Initial estimate of the duration of the trial |
E.8.9.1 | In the Member State concerned years | 1 |
E.8.9.1 | In the Member State concerned months | 5 |
E.8.9.1 | In the Member State concerned days | 15 |
E.8.9.2 | In all countries concerned by the trial years | 1 |
E.8.9.2 | In all countries concerned by the trial months | 6 |