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    Clinical Trial Results:
    Effectiveness of progesterone to prevent miscarriage in women with early pregnancy bleeding: A randomised placebo-controlled trial (PRISM Trial: PRogesterone In Spontaneous Miscarriage Trial)

    Summary
    EudraCT number
    2014-002348-42
    Trial protocol
    GB  
    Global end of trial date
    15 Jun 2018

    Results information
    Results version number
    v1(current)
    This version publication date
    25 May 2019
    First version publication date
    25 May 2019
    Other versions

    Trial information

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    Trial identification
    Sponsor protocol code
    RG_13-151
    Additional study identifiers
    ISRCTN number
    ISRCTN14163439
    US NCT number
    -
    WHO universal trial number (UTN)
    -
    Sponsors
    Sponsor organisation name
    University of Birmingham
    Sponsor organisation address
    Room 119, Aston Webb Building, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom, B15 2TT
    Public contact
    Professor Arri Coomarasamy, University of Birmingham, +44 01216272775, a.coomarasamy@bham.ac.uk
    Scientific contact
    Professor Arri Coomarasamy, University of Birmingham, +44 01216272775, a.coomarasamy@bham.ac.uk
    Paediatric regulatory details
    Is trial part of an agreed paediatric investigation plan (PIP)
    No
    Does article 45 of REGULATION (EC) No 1901/2006 apply to this trial?
    No
    Does article 46 of REGULATION (EC) No 1901/2006 apply to this trial?
    No
    Results analysis stage
    Analysis stage
    Final
    Date of interim/final analysis
    26 Jun 2018
    Is this the analysis of the primary completion data?
    Yes
    Primary completion date
    15 Apr 2018
    Global end of trial reached?
    Yes
    Global end of trial date
    15 Jun 2018
    Was the trial ended prematurely?
    No
    General information about the trial
    Main objective of the trial
    To test the hypothesis that in women presenting with vaginal bleeding in the first trimester, progesterone (vaginal capsules 400mg twice daily), started as soon as possible after a scan has demonstrated a visible intrauterine gestation sac and continued to 16 completed weeks of gestation, compared with placebo, increases maternities with live births beyond 34 completed weeks by at least 5%.
    Protection of trial subjects
    No special measures were required to minimise pain or distress in this patient population.
    Background therapy
    Progesterone, produced by the corpus luteum in the ovary, is necessary to prepare the endometrium for implantation of the embryo, and thus is an essential hormone for a successful pregnancy. More progesterone is produced when an embryo implants in the endometrium and during early placental development. Subsequently, from about 12 weeks of pregnancy, the placenta becomes the dominant source of progesterone. The physiologic importance of progesterone has prompted researchers, physicians and patients to consider progesterone supplementation during early pregnancy to prevent miscarriages. The multicentre, randomised, parallel-group, double-blind, placebo-controlled PRISM (Progesterone in Spontaneous Miscarriage) Trial was designed and conducted to investigate whether treatment with progesterone would increase the live birth rate among women with early pregnancy bleeding.
    Evidence for comparator
    Participants were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to self-administer vaginal suppositories containing either 400mg of micronized progesterone (Utrogestan, Besins Healthcare) twice daily or matched placebo from the time of randomisation through to 16 completed weeks of gestation (or earlier if pregnancy ended before 16 weeks).
    Actual start date of recruitment
    19 May 2015
    Long term follow-up planned
    No
    Independent data monitoring committee (IDMC) involvement?
    Yes
    Population of trial subjects
    Number of subjects enrolled per country
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    United Kingdom: 4153
    Worldwide total number of subjects
    4153
    EEA total number of subjects
    4153
    Number of subjects enrolled per age group
    In utero
    0
    Preterm newborn - gestational age < 37 wk
    0
    Newborns (0-27 days)
    0
    Infants and toddlers (28 days-23 months)
    0
    Children (2-11 years)
    0
    Adolescents (12-17 years)
    18
    Adults (18-64 years)
    4135
    From 65 to 84 years
    0
    85 years and over
    0

    Subject disposition

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    Recruitment
    Recruitment details
    A total of 12,862 women were identified as eligible for the PRISM trial from May 19, 2015, through to July 27, 2017 at 48 hospitals within the United Kingdom. 4153 of these women were randomly assigned to receive either progesterone (2079 women) or placebo (2074 women). The follow-up rate for the primary outcome was 97% (4038 of 4153 women).

    Pre-assignment
    Screening details
    Women were screened to ensure that they were eligible for the trial. Women were eligible for enrollment in the study if they were 16 to 39 years of age, pregnant, presented with vaginal bleeding, and had an intrauterine gestation sac that was visible on ultrasound, with a gestational age less than 12 completed weeks of pregnancy.

    Period 1
    Period 1 title
    Overall trial (overall period)
    Is this the baseline period?
    Yes
    Allocation method
    Randomised - controlled
    Blinding used
    Double blind
    Roles blinded
    Subject, Investigator, Monitor, Carer, Assessor
    Blinding implementation details
    Randomised, parallel-group, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

    Arms
    Are arms mutually exclusive
    Yes

    Arm title
    Progesterone
    Arm description
    400mg of micronized progesterone (Utrogestan, Besins Healthcare) twice daily through to 16 completed weeks of gestation (or earlier if pregnancy ended before 16 weeks).
    Arm type
    Experimental

    Investigational medicinal product name
    Progesterone
    Investigational medicinal product code
    Other name
    Utrogestan
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Suppository
    Routes of administration
    Vaginal use
    Dosage and administration details
    400mg twice daily from the time of randomization through to 16 completed weeks of gestation (or earlier if pregnancy ended before 16 weeks).

    Arm title
    Placebo
    Arm description
    Matched placebo, taken twice daily from the time of randomization through to 16 completed weeks of gestation (or earlier if pregnancy ended before 16 weeks).
    Arm type
    Placebo

    Investigational medicinal product name
    Placebo
    Investigational medicinal product code
    Other name
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Suppository
    Routes of administration
    Vaginal use
    Dosage and administration details
    400mg twice daily from the time of randomization through to 16 completed weeks of gestation (or earlier if pregnancy ended before 16 weeks).

    Number of subjects in period 1
    Progesterone Placebo
    Started
    2079
    2074
    Completed
    2025
    2013
    Not completed
    54
    61
         Lost to follow-up
    54
    61

    Baseline characteristics

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    Baseline characteristics reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Progesterone
    Reporting group description
    400mg of micronized progesterone (Utrogestan, Besins Healthcare) twice daily through to 16 completed weeks of gestation (or earlier if pregnancy ended before 16 weeks).

    Reporting group title
    Placebo
    Reporting group description
    Matched placebo, taken twice daily from the time of randomization through to 16 completed weeks of gestation (or earlier if pregnancy ended before 16 weeks).

    Reporting group values
    Progesterone Placebo Total
    Number of subjects
    2079 2074 4153
    Age categorical
    Units: Subjects
        In utero
    0 0 0
        Preterm newborn infants (gestational age < 37 wks)
    0 0 0
        Newborns (0-27 days)
    0 0 0
        Infants and toddlers (28 days-23 months)
    0 0 0
        Children (2-11 years)
    0 0 0
        Adolescents (12-17 years)
    8 10 18
        Adults (18-64 years)
    2071 2064 4135
        From 65-84 years
    0 0 0
        85 years and over
    0 0 0
    Age continuous
    Units: years
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    30.6 ( 5.1 ) 30.5 ( 5.1 ) -
    Gender categorical
    Units: Subjects
        Female
    2079 2074 4153
    Ethnic group
    Units: Subjects
        White
    1714 1742 3456
        Black
    84 79 163
        South Asian
    114 102 216
        Other
    167 151 318
    Pregnancy history
    Units: Subjects
        Nulliparous
    474 514 988
        Previous preterm births (≥24 weeks, <34 weeks)
    83 90 173
        Neither nulliparous or previous preterm birth
    1522 1470 2992
    Previous miscarriage
    Units: Subjects
        Zero
    1145 1157 2302
        One or two
    792 758 1550
        Three or more
    142 159 301
    Amount of bleeding (PBAC score)
    Units: Subjects
        ≤2
    1913 1907 3820
        ≥3
    166 167 333
    Pregnancy related information
    Units: Subjects
        Natural conception
    2030 2036 4066
        Fertility Treatment
    49 38 87
    Estimated gestational age in days at presentation
    Units: Subjects
        <42
    372 374 746
        ≥42
    1707 1700 3407
    Number of gestational sacs observed
    Units: Subjects
        One
    2025 2036 4061
        Two
    53 38 91
        Three or more
    1 0 1
    Fetal heart activity at presentation
    Units: Subjects
        Yes
    1710 1701 3411
        No
    369 373 742

    End points

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    End points reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Progesterone
    Reporting group description
    400mg of micronized progesterone (Utrogestan, Besins Healthcare) twice daily through to 16 completed weeks of gestation (or earlier if pregnancy ended before 16 weeks).

    Reporting group title
    Placebo
    Reporting group description
    Matched placebo, taken twice daily from the time of randomization through to 16 completed weeks of gestation (or earlier if pregnancy ended before 16 weeks).

    Primary: Live birth ≥34 weeks

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    End point title
    Live birth ≥34 weeks
    End point description
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    From randomisation to pregnancy end
    End point values
    Progesterone Placebo
    Number of subjects analysed
    2025
    2013
    Units: participants
    1513
    1459
    Statistical analysis title
    Poisson regression model
    Comparison groups
    Progesterone v Placebo
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    4038
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    = 0.08
    Method
    Chi-squared
    Parameter type
    Risk ratio (RR)
    Point estimate
    1.03
    Confidence interval
         level
    95%
         sides
    2-sided
         lower limit
    1
         upper limit
    1.07
    Variability estimate
    Standard deviation

    Secondary: Ongoing pregnancy at 12 weeks

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    End point title
    Ongoing pregnancy at 12 weeks
    End point description
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    From randomisation to 12 weeks of gestation or pregnancy end
    End point values
    Progesterone Placebo
    Number of subjects analysed
    2025
    2013
    Units: participants
    1672
    1602
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Miscarriage <24 weeks

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    End point title
    Miscarriage <24 weeks
    End point description
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    From randomisation to pregnancy end
    End point values
    Progesterone Placebo
    Number of subjects analysed
    2025
    2013
    Units: participants
    410
    451
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Live birth <34 weeks

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    End point title
    Live birth <34 weeks
    End point description
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    From randomisation to pregnancy end
    End point values
    Progesterone Placebo
    Number of subjects analysed
    2025
    2013
    Units: participants
    68
    64
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Ectopic pregnancy

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    End point title
    Ectopic pregnancy
    End point description
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    From randomisation to pregnancy end
    End point values
    Progesterone Placebo
    Number of subjects analysed
    2025
    2013
    Units: participants
    0
    2
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Stillbirth (intrauterine death ≥24 weeks)

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    End point title
    Stillbirth (intrauterine death ≥24 weeks)
    End point description
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    From randomisation to pregnancy end
    End point values
    Progesterone Placebo
    Number of subjects analysed
    2025
    2013
    Units: participants
    5
    6
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Termination

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    End point title
    Termination
    End point description
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    From randomisation to pregnancy end
    End point values
    Progesterone Placebo
    Number of subjects analysed
    2025
    2013
    Units: participants
    34
    36
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Gestational age in weeks at delivery

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    End point title
    Gestational age in weeks at delivery
    End point description
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    From randomisation to pregnancy end
    End point values
    Progesterone Placebo
    Number of subjects analysed
    1581
    1521
    Units: Days
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    270 ( 18 )
    270 ( 17 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Birth weight

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    End point title
    Birth weight
    End point description
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    From randomisation to pregnancy end
    End point values
    Progesterone Placebo
    Number of subjects analysed
    1604
    1539
    Units: Grams
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    3242 ( 656 )
    3261 ( 659 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Death at 28 days of neonatal life

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    End point title
    Death at 28 days of neonatal life
    End point description
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    From randomisation to pregnancy end
    End point values
    Progesterone Placebo
    Number of subjects analysed
    1605
    1533
    Units: Babies
    8
    2
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Adverse events

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    Adverse events information
    Timeframe for reporting adverse events
    From randomisation to 28 days post pregnancy end
    Assessment type
    Non-systematic
    Dictionary used for adverse event reporting
    Dictionary name
    MedDRA
    Dictionary version
    14
    Reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Progesterone
    Reporting group description
    -

    Reporting group title
    Placebo
    Reporting group description
    -

    Serious adverse events
    Progesterone Placebo
    Total subjects affected by serious adverse events
         subjects affected / exposed
    133 / 2025 (6.57%)
    126 / 2013 (6.26%)
         number of deaths (all causes)
    0
    0
         number of deaths resulting from adverse events
    0
    0
    Vascular disorders
    Deep vein thrombosis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 2025 (0.05%)
    0 / 2013 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Subgaleal haemorrhage
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 2025 (0.05%)
    0 / 2013 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Pregnancy, puerperium and perinatal conditions
    Neonatal weight loss
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 2025 (0.15%)
    1 / 2013 (0.05%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 3
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Neonatal jaundice
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 2025 (0.20%)
    3 / 2013 (0.15%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 4
    0 / 3
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Abdominal pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    6 / 2025 (0.30%)
    4 / 2013 (0.20%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 6
    0 / 4
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Abdominal tightenings
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 2025 (0.05%)
    0 / 2013 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Anhydramnios
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 2025 (0.00%)
    1 / 2013 (0.05%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Antepartum haemorrhage
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 2025 (0.05%)
    0 / 2013 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Cholestasis
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 2025 (0.00%)
    1 / 2013 (0.05%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Endometritis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 2025 (0.05%)
    0 / 2013 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Gestational diabetes
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 2025 (0.05%)
    0 / 2013 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Gestational thrombocytopenia
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 2025 (0.00%)
    1 / 2013 (0.05%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Hyperemesis gravidarium
         subjects affected / exposed
    5 / 2025 (0.25%)
    6 / 2013 (0.30%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 5
    0 / 6
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Hypertension
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 2025 (0.05%)
    0 / 2013 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Inguinal hernia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 2025 (0.05%)
    0 / 2013 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Intrauterine adhesions
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 2025 (0.05%)
    0 / 2013 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Neonatal death
         subjects affected / exposed
    8 / 2025 (0.40%)
    2 / 2013 (0.10%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 8
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 8
    0 / 2
    Neonatal hypoglycaemia
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 2025 (0.10%)
    0 / 2013 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Neonatal infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 2025 (0.10%)
    0 / 2013 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Neonatal poor condition
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 2025 (0.00%)
    2 / 2013 (0.10%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Post-partum haemorrhage
         subjects affected / exposed
    14 / 2025 (0.69%)
    16 / 2013 (0.79%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 14
    0 / 16
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Pre-eclampsia
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 2025 (0.00%)
    2 / 2013 (0.10%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Pre-term birth
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 2025 (0.15%)
    1 / 2013 (0.05%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 3
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Preterm premature rupture of membranes
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 2025 (0.05%)
    0 / 2013 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Reduced fetal movements
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 2025 (0.00%)
    2 / 2013 (0.10%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Ruptured membranes
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 2025 (0.20%)
    7 / 2013 (0.35%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 4
    0 / 7
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Stillbirth
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 2025 (0.00%)
    4 / 2013 (0.20%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 4
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Termination of pregnancy
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 2025 (0.10%)
    1 / 2013 (0.05%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Umbilical flare
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 2025 (0.05%)
    0 / 2013 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Talipes calcanedualgus
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 2025 (0.05%)
    0 / 2013 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Prematurity
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 2025 (0.05%)
    1 / 2013 (0.05%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    General disorders and administration site conditions
    Hospitalisation
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 2025 (0.00%)
    2 / 2013 (0.10%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Disequilibrium
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 2025 (0.00%)
    1 / 2013 (0.05%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Fainting
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 2025 (0.00%)
    1 / 2013 (0.05%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Pregnancy-related admission
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 2025 (0.00%)
    1 / 2013 (0.05%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Prolonged hospitalisation
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 2025 (0.00%)
    1 / 2013 (0.05%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Right-sided weakness
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 2025 (0.00%)
    2 / 2013 (0.10%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Seizure
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 2025 (0.05%)
    0 / 2013 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Reproductive system and breast disorders
    Per vaginal bleeding
         subjects affected / exposed
    13 / 2025 (0.64%)
    8 / 2013 (0.40%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 13
    0 / 8
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Cervical pathology
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 2025 (0.00%)
    1 / 2013 (0.05%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
    Chest pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 2025 (0.20%)
    5 / 2013 (0.25%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 4
    0 / 5
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Chest infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 2025 (0.05%)
    0 / 2013 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Shortness of breath
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 2025 (0.10%)
    2 / 2013 (0.10%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Neonatal apnoea
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 2025 (0.05%)
    0 / 2013 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Neonatal respiratory disease
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 2025 (0.10%)
    0 / 2013 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Respiratory distress
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 2025 (0.05%)
    1 / 2013 (0.05%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Congenital, familial and genetic disorders
    Acrania
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 2025 (0.05%)
    0 / 2013 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Cardiac abnormailty
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 2025 (0.00%)
    1 / 2013 (0.05%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Congenital fetal abnormality
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 2025 (0.00%)
    2 / 2013 (0.10%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Cystic fibrosis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 2025 (0.05%)
    0 / 2013 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Down's syndrome
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 2025 (0.05%)
    1 / 2013 (0.05%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Hypospadias
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 2025 (0.15%)
    1 / 2013 (0.05%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 3
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Neonatal abnormality
         subjects affected / exposed
    13 / 2025 (0.64%)
    7 / 2013 (0.35%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 13
    0 / 7
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Neonatal tongue tie
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 2025 (0.05%)
    3 / 2013 (0.15%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 3
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Neonatal vaginal skin tag
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 2025 (0.05%)
    0 / 2013 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Restrictive dermopathy
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 2025 (0.00%)
    1 / 2013 (0.05%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Synactyly of toes
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 2025 (0.05%)
    1 / 2013 (0.05%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Tetralogy of Fallot
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 2025 (0.00%)
    1 / 2013 (0.05%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Transposition of great arteries
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 2025 (0.05%)
    0 / 2013 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Trisomy 21
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 2025 (0.10%)
    4 / 2013 (0.20%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
    0 / 4
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Cardiac disorders
    Chest pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 2025 (0.05%)
    0 / 2013 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Abnormal neonatal cardiotocography
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 2025 (0.00%)
    1 / 2013 (0.05%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Palpitations
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 2025 (0.00%)
    1 / 2013 (0.05%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Neonatal cardiomyopathy
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 2025 (0.05%)
    0 / 2013 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Nervous system disorders
    Headache
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 2025 (0.00%)
    1 / 2013 (0.05%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Migraine
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 2025 (0.05%)
    1 / 2013 (0.05%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Neonatal seizures
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 2025 (0.00%)
    1 / 2013 (0.05%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Eye disorders
    Visual disturbances
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 2025 (0.05%)
    0 / 2013 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Gastrointestinal disorders
    Gastroenteritis
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 2025 (0.00%)
    1 / 2013 (0.05%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Perforated bowel
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 2025 (0.00%)
    1 / 2013 (0.05%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders
    Haematoma
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 2025 (0.00%)
    1 / 2013 (0.05%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Subcutaneous lump under nipple
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 2025 (0.05%)
    0 / 2013 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Renal and urinary disorders
    Bladder lesion
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 2025 (0.00%)
    1 / 2013 (0.05%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Neonatal hydronephrosis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 2025 (0.05%)
    0 / 2013 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Neonatal kidney abnormality
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 2025 (0.00%)
    1 / 2013 (0.05%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Neonatal megacystis bladder
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 2025 (0.00%)
    1 / 2013 (0.05%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Neonate missing left kidney
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 2025 (0.00%)
    1 / 2013 (0.05%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Urinary retention
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 2025 (0.05%)
    0 / 2013 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Urinary tract infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 2025 (0.10%)
    1 / 2013 (0.05%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Endocrine disorders
    Enlarged submandibular gland
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 2025 (0.00%)
    1 / 2013 (0.05%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Gallstones
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 2025 (0.00%)
    1 / 2013 (0.05%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Parotitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 2025 (0.05%)
    0 / 2013 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders
    Fracture
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 2025 (0.10%)
    0 / 2013 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Infections and infestations
    Wound infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 2025 (0.05%)
    3 / 2013 (0.15%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 3
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Catheter infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 2025 (0.00%)
    1 / 2013 (0.05%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Sepsis
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 2025 (0.20%)
    6 / 2013 (0.30%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 4
    0 / 6
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Metabolism and nutrition disorders
    Abnormal liver function
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 2025 (0.00%)
    1 / 2013 (0.05%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Neonatal poor feeding
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 2025 (0.05%)
    1 / 2013 (0.05%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Frequency threshold for reporting non-serious adverse events: 5%
    Non-serious adverse events
    Progesterone Placebo
    Total subjects affected by non serious adverse events
         subjects affected / exposed
    130 / 2025 (6.42%)
    141 / 2013 (7.00%)
    Pregnancy, puerperium and perinatal conditions
    Obstetric complication
         subjects affected / exposed
    130 / 2025 (6.42%)
    141 / 2013 (7.00%)
         occurrences all number
    219
    202

    More information

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    Substantial protocol amendments (globally)

    Were there any global substantial amendments to the protocol? Yes
    Date
    Amendment
    20 Jul 2016
    The following changes were made to the protocol: 1. Clarification in the trial inclusion criteria that the early pregnancy vaginal bleeding is within the previous four days. This criterion had that have been enforced since the start of the trial, although it wasn’t formally clarified in the inclusion criteria. 2. Provision of more detailed definitions for the secondary outcome measures.

    Interruptions (globally)

    Were there any global interruptions to the trial? No

    Limitations and caveats

    Limitations of the trial such as small numbers of subjects analysed or technical problems leading to unreliable data.
    None reported
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    The status and protocol content of GB trials is no longer updated since 1 January 2021. For the UK, as of 31 January 2021, EU Law applies only to the territory of Northern Ireland (NI) to the extent foreseen in the Protocol on Ireland/NI. Legal notice
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