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    Clinical Trial Results:
    Enhanced Control of Hypertension and Thrombolysis Stroke Study

    Summary
    EudraCT number
    2014-002823-86
    Trial protocol
    ES  
    Global end of trial date
    30 Apr 2018

    Results information
    Results version number
    v1(current)
    This version publication date
    13 Dec 2021
    First version publication date
    13 Dec 2021
    Other versions
    Summary report(s)
    ENCHANTED tPA arm results
    ENCHANTED tPA arm results supplementary materials
    ENCHANTED BP arm results
    ENCHANTED BP arm results supplementary materials

    Trial information

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    Trial identification
    Sponsor protocol code
    ENCHANTED
    Additional study identifiers
    ISRCTN number
    ISRCTN82387104
    US NCT number
    NCT01422616
    WHO universal trial number (UTN)
    -
    Sponsors
    Sponsor organisation name
    The George Institute for Global health
    Sponsor organisation address
    Level 10, King George V Building, 83-117 Missenden Rd , Camperdown NSW , Australia, 2050
    Public contact
    Enrique Peña, Institut de Recerca HSCSP, 34 935537636, epenag@santpau.cat
    Scientific contact
    Enrique Peña, Institut de Recerca HSCSP, 02 8052 4549 , xchen@thegeorgeinstitute.org.au
    Paediatric regulatory details
    Is trial part of an agreed paediatric investigation plan (PIP)
    No
    Does article 45 of REGULATION (EC) No 1901/2006 apply to this trial?
    No
    Does article 46 of REGULATION (EC) No 1901/2006 apply to this trial?
    No
    Results analysis stage
    Analysis stage
    Final
    Date of interim/final analysis
    01 Oct 2018
    Is this the analysis of the primary completion data?
    Yes
    Primary completion date
    30 Apr 2018
    Global end of trial reached?
    Yes
    Global end of trial date
    30 Apr 2018
    Was the trial ended prematurely?
    No
    General information about the trial
    Main objective of the trial
    To investigate if: - Compared with standard dose i.v. rtPA, low-dose rtPA is at least as effective (not inferior) on the major clinical outcome of death or disability at 3 months (i.e. corresponding null hypothesis is that low-dose is inferior to standard dose rtPA); - Compared with standard guideline-based BP management, early intensive BP lowering is superior in reducing the risk of the major clinical outcome of death or disability at 3 months (i.e. corresponding null hypothesis is that there is no difference in treatments on this outcome).
    Protection of trial subjects
    An independent data and safety monitoring committee monitored progress of the trial every 6 months. Responsibilitiies of the DSMB included: Monitor blinded response variables and serious adverse events for early dramatic benefits or potential harmful effects using the approach developed by Sir Richard Peto for safety monitoring and providing reports to the sponsor on recommendations to continue or temporarily halt recruitment to the study.
    Background therapy
    -
    Evidence for comparator
    -
    Actual start date of recruitment
    02 Jan 2012
    Long term follow-up planned
    No
    Independent data monitoring committee (IDMC) involvement?
    Yes
    Population of trial subjects
    Number of subjects enrolled per country
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Australia: 59
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Brazil: 394
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Chile: 143
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    China: 2985
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Colombia: 13
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Hong Kong: 7
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    India: 35
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Italy: 65
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Korea, Republic of: 362
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Norway: 2
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Singapore: 33
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Spain: 4
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Taiwan: 62
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Thailand: 2
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    United Kingdom: 970
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Vietnam: 357
    Worldwide total number of subjects
    5493
    EEA total number of subjects
    71
    Number of subjects enrolled per age group
    In utero
    0
    Preterm newborn - gestational age < 37 wk
    0
    Newborns (0-27 days)
    0
    Infants and toddlers (28 days-23 months)
    0
    Children (2-11 years)
    0
    Adolescents (12-17 years)
    0
    Adults (18-64 years)
    5493
    From 65 to 84 years
    0
    85 years and over
    0

    Subject disposition

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    Recruitment
    Recruitment details
    Between March 3, 2012, and April 30, 2018, 2227 patients were randomly allocated to treatment groups. Patients recruited into the ENCHANTED study were from 110 sites in 15 countries (Australia, Brazil, Chile, China, Colombia, Hong Kong, India, Italy, Korea, Singapore, Spain, Taiwan, Thailand, United Kingdom, Vietnam).

    Pre-assignment
    Screening details
    Adult patients (aged ≥18 years) with acute ischaemic stroke and systolic blood pressure 150 mm Hg or more were eligible if they fulfilled standard criteria for thrombolysis with intravenous alteplase, and if the treating clinician had uncertainty over the benefit and risk of the intensity of blood pressure control during and for up to 72 h.

    Period 1
    Period 1 title
    Overall trial (overall period)
    Is this the baseline period?
    Yes
    Allocation method
    Randomised - controlled
    Blinding used
    Not blinded
    Blinding implementation details
    This study used a blinded outcome evaluation

    Arms
    Are arms mutually exclusive
    Yes

    Arm title
    Low dose rtPA
    Arm description
    -
    Arm type
    quasifactorial

    Investigational medicinal product name
    No investigational medicinal product assigned in this arm
    Arm title
    Standard dose rtPA
    Arm description
    -
    Arm type
    quasifactorial

    Investigational medicinal product name
    Alteplase
    Investigational medicinal product code
    Other name
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Injection/infusion
    Routes of administration
    Injection
    Dosage and administration details
    Participants were randomly assigned to receive either a standard dose of intravenous alteplase (0.9 mg per kilogram of estimated, or measured, body weight; 10% as a bolus and 90% as an infusion over a period of 60 minutes; maximum dose, 90 mg) or a low dose (0.6 mg per kilogram, 15% as a bolus and 85% as an infusion over a period of 60 minutes; maximum dose, 60 mg), to be commenced within 4.5 hours after symptom onset.

    Arm title
    BP arm intensive
    Arm description
    -
    Arm type
    quasifactorial

    Investigational medicinal product name
    No investigational medicinal product assigned in this arm
    Arm title
    BP arm standard
    Arm description
    -
    Arm type
    quasifactorial

    Investigational medicinal product name
    No investigational medicinal product assigned in this arm
    Number of subjects in period 1
    Low dose rtPA Standard dose rtPA BP arm intensive BP arm standard
    Started
    1654
    1643
    1081
    1115
    Completed
    1607
    1599
    1072
    1108
    Not completed
    47
    44
    9
    7
         other
    47
    44
    9
    7

    Baseline characteristics

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    Baseline characteristics reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Low dose rtPA
    Reporting group description
    -

    Reporting group title
    Standard dose rtPA
    Reporting group description
    -

    Reporting group title
    BP arm intensive
    Reporting group description
    -

    Reporting group title
    BP arm standard
    Reporting group description
    -

    Reporting group values
    Low dose rtPA Standard dose rtPA BP arm intensive BP arm standard Total
    Number of subjects
    1654 1643 1081 1115 5493
    Age categorical
    Units: Subjects
        Adults (18-64 years)
    1654 1643 1081 1115 5493
    Age continuous
    Units: years
        median (inter-quartile range (Q1-Q3))
    68 (58 to 76) 67 (58 to 76) 67 (58 to 76) 67 (58 to 76) -
    Gender categorical
    Units: Subjects
        Female
    634 614 401 434 2083
        Male
    1020 1029 680 681 3410
    Subject analysis sets

    Subject analysis set title
    Primary outcome BP arm
    Subject analysis set type
    Intention-to-treat
    Subject analysis set description
    The prespecified primary outcome, assessed at 90 days in the intention-to-treat population, was a shift in measures of functioning according to the full range of scores on the mRS

    Subject analysis set title
    Primary outcome rtPA arm
    Subject analysis set type
    Intention-to-treat
    Subject analysis set description
    Scores on the modified Rankin scale for assessment of the primary outcome

    Subject analysis sets values
    Primary outcome BP arm Primary outcome rtPA arm
    Number of subjects
    2180
    3206
    Age categorical
    Units: Subjects
        Adults (18-64 years)
    2180
    3206
    Age continuous
    Units: years
        median (inter-quartile range (Q1-Q3))
    1.01 (0.87 to 1.17)
    1.0 (0.89 to 1.13)
    Gender categorical
    Units: Subjects
        Female
    614
    634
        Male
    1566
    2572

    End points

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    End points reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Low dose rtPA
    Reporting group description
    -

    Reporting group title
    Standard dose rtPA
    Reporting group description
    -

    Reporting group title
    BP arm intensive
    Reporting group description
    -

    Reporting group title
    BP arm standard
    Reporting group description
    -

    Subject analysis set title
    Primary outcome BP arm
    Subject analysis set type
    Intention-to-treat
    Subject analysis set description
    The prespecified primary outcome, assessed at 90 days in the intention-to-treat population, was a shift in measures of functioning according to the full range of scores on the mRS

    Subject analysis set title
    Primary outcome rtPA arm
    Subject analysis set type
    Intention-to-treat
    Subject analysis set description
    Scores on the modified Rankin scale for assessment of the primary outcome

    Primary: modified rankin scale

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    End point title
    modified rankin scale
    End point description
    The prespecified primary outcome was the combined end point of death or disability at 90 days, which was defined by scores of 2 to 6 on the modified Rankin scale
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    90 days
    End point values
    Low dose rtPA Standard dose rtPA BP arm intensive BP arm standard
    Number of subjects analysed
    1607
    1599
    1072
    1108
    Units: score
    number (not applicable)
        2-6 of the mRS
    855
    817
    498
    532
    Statistical analysis title
    Primary outcome analysis rtPa arm dose
    Comparison groups
    Low dose rtPA v Standard dose rtPA v BP arm intensive v BP arm standard
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    5386
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    non-inferiority
    P-value
    = 0.05
    Method
    Regression, Logistic
    Parameter type
    Odds ratio (OR)
    Point estimate
    1.09
    Confidence interval
         level
    95%
         sides
    2-sided
         lower limit
    0.95
         upper limit
    1.25
    Variability estimate
    Standard deviation
    Statistical analysis title
    Primary outcome analysis BP arm
    Comparison groups
    Low dose rtPA v Standard dose rtPA v BP arm intensive v BP arm standard
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    5386
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    non-inferiority
    P-value
    = 0.05
    Method
    Regression, Logistic
    Parameter type
    Odds ratio (OR)
    Point estimate
    0.94
    Confidence interval
         level
    95%
         sides
    2-sided
         lower limit
    0.79
         upper limit
    1.11

    Adverse events

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    Adverse events information [1]
    Timeframe for reporting adverse events
    enrolment to 90 days
    Assessment type
    Systematic
    Dictionary used for adverse event reporting
    Dictionary name
    MedDRA
    Dictionary version
    4.1
    Frequency threshold for reporting non-serious adverse events: 5%
    Notes
    [1] - There are no non-serious adverse events recorded for these results. It is expected that there will be at least one non-serious adverse event reported.
    Justification: The study collected serious adverse events and SUSARs only.

    More information

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    Substantial protocol amendments (globally)

    Were there any global substantial amendments to the protocol? Yes
    Date
    Amendment
    12 Nov 2013
    Change in the statistical considerations and sample size of the study as follows: Statistical considerations A sample size of 3300 (1650 per group) for arm [A] (i.e. rtPA dose) will provide (i) >90% power to detect non-inferiority (relative margin 14% [i.e. relative risk 1.14], absolute margin rate 6.5%) of low-dose rtPA on the primary outcome (one-sided α = 0.025), and (ii) ≥80% power to detect plausible 40% reductions in risks of sICH with low-dose rtPA (2-sided α = 0.05) with 5% drop-out. A sample size of 2304 (1152 per group) for arm [B] (i.e. BP lowering intensities) will provide ≥90% power to detect superiority of intensive BP lowering on the primary outcome and any ICH(2-sided α = 0.05) with 5% drop-out. Given overlap of approximately 800 patients in the combined arms [A] and [B], an expected total of 4800 patients will participate in the study. A total of 100+ sites are required, most in Asia (approximately 60 sites) and Australia/New Zealand, Europe (approximately 40 sites), and South America (approximately 30 sites), to achieve the sample of 4800 patients ([50%] from Asia) over 4 years (av. 6 patients per site per year). Also, amendment to the BP target for the BP arm of the study as follows: Systolic BP ≥150 mmHg; no definite indication or contraindication to rapid intensive BP lowering to 130-140mmHg systolic target. Other administrative changes
    16 Feb 2017
    Addition of: Reason for this Protocol amendment from version 4.0 to version 5.0: The rtPA dose arm of the study addressing questions (1) and (3) concluded with a publication of the results in May 2016. The BP intensity arm of the study is ongoing, and the protocol has been modified to reflect changes. Change of secondary aims: Other secondary aims are to define the effects of the treatments on symptomatic and any ICH; good outcome (mRS 0-1), death or major disability (mRS 3-6); separately on death and disability (mRS 3-5); Explaining that the arm A of low- vs standard-dose rtPA has now closed;

    Interruptions (globally)

    Were there any global interruptions to the trial? No

    Limitations and caveats

    Limitations of the trial such as small numbers of subjects analysed or technical problems leading to unreliable data.
    None reported
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