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    Clinical Trial Results:
    Effect of liraglutide for weight management in pubertal adolescent subjects with obesity. 56-week, double-blind, randomised, parallel-group, placebo-controlled multi-national trial followed by a 26-week period off study-drug

    Summary
    EudraCT number
    2014-004353-14
    Trial protocol
    SE   BE  
    Global end of trial date
    08 Aug 2019

    Results information
    Results version number
    v1(current)
    This version publication date
    21 Feb 2020
    First version publication date
    21 Feb 2020
    Other versions

    Trial information

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    Trial identification
    Sponsor protocol code
    NN8022-4180
    Additional study identifiers
    ISRCTN number
    -
    US NCT number
    NCT02918279
    WHO universal trial number (UTN)
    U1111-1162-7101
    Sponsors
    Sponsor organisation name
    Novo Nordisk A/S
    Sponsor organisation address
    Novo Allé, Bagsvaerd, Denmark, 2880
    Public contact
    Clinical Reporting Anchor and Disclosure (1452), Novo Nordisk A/S, clinicaltrials@novonordisk.com
    Scientific contact
    Clinical Reporting Anchor and Disclosure (1452), Novo Nordisk A/S, clinicaltrials@novonordisk.com
    Paediatric regulatory details
    Is trial part of an agreed paediatric investigation plan (PIP)
    Yes
    EMA paediatric investigation plan number(s)
    EMEA-000128-PIP02-09
    Does article 45 of REGULATION (EC) No 1901/2006 apply to this trial?
    No
    Does article 46 of REGULATION (EC) No 1901/2006 apply to this trial?
    Yes
    Results analysis stage
    Analysis stage
    Final
    Date of interim/final analysis
    23 Dec 2019
    Is this the analysis of the primary completion data?
    Yes
    Primary completion date
    14 Feb 2019
    Global end of trial reached?
    Yes
    Global end of trial date
    08 Aug 2019
    Was the trial ended prematurely?
    No
    General information about the trial
    Main objective of the trial
    To compare the efficacy of liraglutide versus placebo on weight loss in adolescent subjects with obesity after 56 weeks of treatment
    Protection of trial subjects
    The trial was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki (Last amended by the 64th World Medical Association General Assembly, Fortaleza, Brazil. October 2013) and ICH Good Clinical Practice, including archiving of essential documents (E6(R1), Step 4. 10 June 1996) and 21 CFR 312.120.
    Background therapy
    Not applicable.
    Evidence for comparator
    Not applicable.
    Actual start date of recruitment
    29 Sep 2016
    Long term follow-up planned
    No
    Independent data monitoring committee (IDMC) involvement?
    Yes
    Population of trial subjects
    Number of subjects enrolled per country
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Belgium: 33
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Mexico: 46
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Russian Federation: 68
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Sweden: 44
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    United States: 60
    Worldwide total number of subjects
    251
    EEA total number of subjects
    77
    Number of subjects enrolled per age group
    In utero
    0
    Preterm newborn - gestational age < 37 wk
    0
    Newborns (0-27 days)
    0
    Infants and toddlers (28 days-23 months)
    0
    Children (2-11 years)
    0
    Adolescents (12-17 years)
    251
    Adults (18-64 years)
    0
    From 65 to 84 years
    0
    85 years and over
    0

    Subject disposition

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    Recruitment
    Recruitment details
    This trial was conducted at 32 sites in 5 countries: Belgium (6 sites), Sweden (4 sites), Russia (8 sites), Mexico (2 sites) and the United States of America (USA - 12 sites). Additionally, 1 site in the USA was approved by the independent review board, but did not randomise any subject.

    Pre-assignment
    Screening details
    This trial consisted of a 12-week run-in period, during which participants received counselling on healthy nutrition and physical activity. Completed numbers include participants who completed the trial without prematurely discontinuing the trial product and participants who discontinued the trial product but came for the week 82 follow-up visit.

    Period 1
    Period 1 title
    Overall Study (overall period)
    Is this the baseline period?
    Yes
    Allocation method
    Randomised - controlled
    Blinding used
    Double blind
    Roles blinded
    Subject, Investigator
    Blinding implementation details
    Liraglutide and placebo injections were visually identical.

    Arms
    Are arms mutually exclusive
    Yes

    Arm title
    Liraglutide 3.0 mg
    Arm description
    Subjects received liraglutide in a dose escalation manner for 56 weeks: 0.6 mg during week 1, 1.2 mg during week 2, 1.8 mg during week 3, 2.4 mg during week 4 and 3.0 mg from week 5 to week 56. There was a 26-week off-study-drug follow-up period (week 57–82).
    Arm type
    Experimental

    Investigational medicinal product name
    Liraglutide
    Investigational medicinal product code
    Other name
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Solution for injection
    Routes of administration
    Subcutaneous use
    Dosage and administration details
    Liraglutide was administered once daily by subcutaneous (s.c.; under the skin) injection in the abdomen, thigh or upper arm irrespective of the timing of meals.

    Arm title
    Placebo
    Arm description
    Subjects received liraglutide matching placebo for 56 weeks. There was a 26-week off-study-drug follow-up period (week 57–82).
    Arm type
    Placebo

    Investigational medicinal product name
    Placebo
    Investigational medicinal product code
    Other name
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Solution for injection
    Routes of administration
    Subcutaneous use
    Dosage and administration details
    Placebo for liraglutide was administered once daily by s.c. injection in the abdomen, thigh or upper arm irrespective of the timing of meals.

    Number of subjects in period 1
    Liraglutide 3.0 mg Placebo
    Started
    125
    126
    Full analysis set
    125
    126
    Safety analysis set
    125
    126
    Completed
    112
    103
    Not completed
    13
    23
         Consent withdrawn by subject
    5
    15
         Unspecified
    3
    1
         Lost to follow-up
    3
    6
         Withdrawal by parent/guardian
    2
    1

    Baseline characteristics

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    Baseline characteristics reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Liraglutide 3.0 mg
    Reporting group description
    Subjects received liraglutide in a dose escalation manner for 56 weeks: 0.6 mg during week 1, 1.2 mg during week 2, 1.8 mg during week 3, 2.4 mg during week 4 and 3.0 mg from week 5 to week 56. There was a 26-week off-study-drug follow-up period (week 57–82).

    Reporting group title
    Placebo
    Reporting group description
    Subjects received liraglutide matching placebo for 56 weeks. There was a 26-week off-study-drug follow-up period (week 57–82).

    Reporting group values
    Liraglutide 3.0 mg Placebo Total
    Number of subjects
    125 126 251
    Age Categorical
    Units: Subjects
        Adolescents (12-17 years)
    125 126 251
    Age Continuous
    Units: years
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    14.6 ( 1.6 ) 14.5 ( 1.6 ) -
    Gender Categorical
    Units: Subjects
        Female
    71 78 149
        Male
    54 48 102

    End points

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    End points reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Liraglutide 3.0 mg
    Reporting group description
    Subjects received liraglutide in a dose escalation manner for 56 weeks: 0.6 mg during week 1, 1.2 mg during week 2, 1.8 mg during week 3, 2.4 mg during week 4 and 3.0 mg from week 5 to week 56. There was a 26-week off-study-drug follow-up period (week 57–82).

    Reporting group title
    Placebo
    Reporting group description
    Subjects received liraglutide matching placebo for 56 weeks. There was a 26-week off-study-drug follow-up period (week 57–82).

    Primary: Change in body mass index (BMI) standard deviation score (SDS)

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    End point title
    Change in body mass index (BMI) standard deviation score (SDS)
    End point description
    Change from baseline (Wk 0) in BMI SDS was evaluated at Wk 56. BMI SDS was calculated using the following formula: Z=[(value /M)^L - 1] / S*L; where L, M and S are median (M), skewness (L) and variation coefficient (S) of children/adolescents’ BMI provided for each sex and age. For each subject, a SDS Z was calculated based on age and sex referring to the values L, M and S. The method is described in the world health organisation (WHO) Multicentre Growth Reference, which also contains the values for L, M and S by age and sex. For Z (SDS) scores below −3 and above 3, the score was adjusted as described in the WHO instruction. All available data were used for the analysis including data collected after treatment discontinuation. Results are based on the FAS and included both the participants who completed treatment for 56 weeks and participants who could not complete treatment for 56 weeks, but attended the follow-up visit at week 56.
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    From baseline (randomisation) to 56 weeks
    End point values
    Liraglutide 3.0 mg Placebo
    Number of subjects analysed
    113
    105
    Units: SDS score
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    -0.25 ( 0.51 )
    -0.02 ( 0.54 )
    Statistical analysis title
    Liraglutide 3.0 mg – Placebo
    Statistical analysis description
    Analysis of in-trial data with missing observations was imputed from the placebo arm based on a jump to reference multiple (x100) imputation approach. Responses at week 56 were analysed using an analysis of covariance model with treatment, sex, region, baseline glycaemic category, stratification factor for Tanner stage and interaction between baseline glycaemic category and stratification factor for Tanner stage as fixed effects, baseline BMI SDS, age as covariates.
    Comparison groups
    Placebo v Liraglutide 3.0 mg
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    218
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority [1]
    P-value
    = 0.0022
    Method
    ANCOVA
    Parameter type
    Treatment difference
    Point estimate
    -0.22
    Confidence interval
         level
    95%
         sides
    2-sided
         lower limit
    -0.37
         upper limit
    -0.08
    Notes
    [1] - The “number of subjects included in analysis” is being erroneously displayed as 218. Actual “number of subjects included in analysis” is 251.

    Secondary: Percent of subjects achieving ≥5% reduction in baseline BMI

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    End point title
    Percent of subjects achieving ≥5% reduction in baseline BMI
    End point description
    Participants achieving more than or equal to 5% reduction in their baseline (week 0) body mass index (BMI) was evaluated at weeks 56. Results are based on the FAS and included both participants who completed the 56-week trial period and participants who could not complete the 56-week trial period, but attended the follow-up visit at week 56. The FAS included all randomised participants who had received at least one dose of trial product and had any post-randomisation data (according to the intention-to-treat [ITT] principle).
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    At week 56
    End point values
    Liraglutide 3.0 mg Placebo
    Number of subjects analysed
    113
    105
    Units: Percentage of participants
    number (not applicable)
        Yes
    45.1
    19.0
        No
    54.9
    81.0
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Percent of subjects achieving ≥10% reduction in baseline BMI

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    End point title
    Percent of subjects achieving ≥10% reduction in baseline BMI
    End point description
    Participants achieving more than or equal to 10% reduction in their baseline (week 0) BMI was evaluated at weeks 56. Results are based on the FAS and included both participants who completed the 56-week trial period and participants who could not complete the 56-week trial period, but attended the follow-up visit at week 56. The FAS included all randomised participants who had received at least one dose of trial product and had any post-randomisation data (according to the ITT principle).
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    At week 56
    End point values
    Liraglutide 3.0 mg Placebo
    Number of subjects analysed
    113
    105
    Units: Percentage of participants
    number (not applicable)
        Yes
    29.2
    8.6
        No
    70.8
    91.4
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Change in BMI from baseline to 56 weeks

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    End point title
    Change in BMI from baseline to 56 weeks
    End point description
    Change in BMI was evaluated from baseline (week 0) to weeks 56. Results are based on the FAS and included both participants who completed the 56-week trial period and participants who could not complete the 56-week trial period, but attended the follow-up visit at week 56. The FAS included all randomised participants who had received at least one dose of trial product and had any post-randomisation data (according to the ITT principle).
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    From baseline to 56 weeks
    End point values
    Liraglutide 3.0 mg Placebo
    Number of subjects analysed
    113
    105
    Units: kg/m^2
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    -1.6 ( 3.1 )
    0.1 ( 3.4 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Change in body weight (kilogram [kg]) from baseline to 56 weeks

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    End point title
    Change in body weight (kilogram [kg]) from baseline to 56 weeks
    End point description
    Change in body weight (kg) was evaluated from baseline (week 0) to weeks 56. Results are based on the FAS and included both participants who completed the 56-week trial period and participants who could not complete the 56-week trial period, but attended the follow-up visit at week 56. The FAS included all randomised participants who had received at least one dose of trial product and had any post-randomisation data (according to the ITT principle).
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    From baseline to 56 weeks
    End point values
    Liraglutide 3.0 mg Placebo
    Number of subjects analysed
    113
    105
    Units: kg
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    -2.7 ( 9.1 )
    2.1 ( 10.2 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Change in body weight (pounds [lb]) from baseline to 56 weeks

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    End point title
    Change in body weight (pounds [lb]) from baseline to 56 weeks
    End point description
    Body weight was not analysed in pounds (lb). It was analysed for standard unit, ‘kg’ only.
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    From baseline to 56 weeks
    End point values
    Liraglutide 3.0 mg Placebo
    Number of subjects analysed
    0 [2]
    0 [3]
    Units: lb
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    ( )
    ( )
    Notes
    [2] - Body weight was not analysed in pounds (lb). It was analysed for standard unit, ‘kg’ only.
    [3] - Body weight was not analysed in pounds (lb). It was analysed for standard unit, ‘kg’ only.
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Change in body weight (percent [%]) from baseline to 56 weeks

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    End point title
    Change in body weight (percent [%]) from baseline to 56 weeks
    End point description
    Relative change in body weight (kg) was evaluated from baseline (week 0) to weeks 56. Results are based on the FAS and included both participants who completed the 56-week trial period and participants who could not complete the 56-week trial period, but attended the follow-up visit at week 56. The FAS included all randomised participants who had received at least one dose of trial product and had any post-randomisation data (according to the ITT principle).
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    From baseline to 56 weeks
    End point values
    Liraglutide 3.0 mg Placebo
    Number of subjects analysed
    113
    105
    Units: Percentage change
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    -3.2 ( 9.4 )
    2.2 ( 9.5 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Change in systolic and diastolic blood pressure

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    End point title
    Change in systolic and diastolic blood pressure
    End point description
    Change in systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was evaluated from baseline (week 0) to weeks 56. Results are based on the FAS and included participants who completed the 56-week trial period. The FAS included all randomised participants who had received at least one dose of trial product and had any post-randomisation data (according to the ITT principle).
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    From baseline to 56 weeks
    End point values
    Liraglutide 3.0 mg Placebo
    Number of subjects analysed
    102
    101
    Units: mmHg
    arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
        SBP
    -2 ( 10 )
    1 ( 10 )
        DBP
    1 ( 9 )
    -1 ( 9 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Change in glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c)

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    End point title
    Change in glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c)
    End point description
    Change in HbA1c was evaluated from baseline (week 0) to weeks 56. Results are based on the FAS and included participants who completed the 56-week trial period. The FAS included all randomised participants who had received at least one dose of trial product and had any post-randomisation data (according to the ITT principle).
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    From baseline to 56 weeks
    End point values
    Liraglutide 3.0 mg Placebo
    Number of subjects analysed
    105
    101
    Units: Percentage of HbA1c
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    -0.1 ( 0.3 )
    -0.0 ( 0.2 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Change in fasting plasma glucose

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    End point title
    Change in fasting plasma glucose
    End point description
    Change in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) was evaluated from baseline (week 0) to weeks 56. Results are based on the FAS and included participants who completed the 56-week trial period. The FAS included all randomised participants who had received at least one dose of trial product and had any post-randomisation data (according to the ITT principle).
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    From baseline to 56 weeks
    End point values
    Liraglutide 3.0 mg Placebo
    Number of subjects analysed
    105
    100
    Units: mmol/L
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    -0.1 ( 0.5 )
    -0.0 ( 0.6 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Number of treatment emergent adverse events

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    End point title
    Number of treatment emergent adverse events
    End point description
    A treatment emergent adverse event (TEAE) was defined as an event that occurred in the “on-treatment” period. ‘On-treatment’ period: Events with onset date between the first day of trial product administration and any of the following date, whichever came first: 1) 14 days after the last day on trial product, or 2) follow-up visit (week 58) for participants who discontinued trial product, or 3) last study visit (participants withdrawn without follow-up visit). Results are based on the SAS which included all randomised participants exposed to at least one dose of trial product.
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Week 0–56 + 14 days
    End point values
    Liraglutide 3.0 mg Placebo
    Number of subjects analysed
    125
    126
    Units: Events
    777
    627
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Adverse events

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    Adverse events information
    Timeframe for reporting adverse events
    Week 0–56 + 14 days.
    Adverse event reporting additional description
    Results are based on the SAS which included all randomised participants exposed to at least one dose of trial product. All presented adverse events are TEAEs.
    Assessment type
    Systematic
    Dictionary used for adverse event reporting
    Dictionary name
    MedDRA
    Dictionary version
    22
    Reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Liraglutide 3.0 mg
    Reporting group description
    Subjects received liraglutide in a dose escalation manner for 56 weeks: 0.6 mg during week 1, 1.2 mg during week 2, 1.8 mg during week 3, 2.4 mg during week 4 and 3.0 mg from week 5 to week 56. There was a 26-week off-study-drug follow-up period (week 57–82).

    Reporting group title
    Placebo
    Reporting group description
    Subjects received liraglutide matching placebo for 56 weeks. There was a 26-week off-study-drug follow-up period (week 57–82).

    Serious adverse events
    Liraglutide 3.0 mg Placebo
    Total subjects affected by serious adverse events
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 125 (2.40%)
    5 / 126 (3.97%)
         number of deaths (all causes)
    1
    0
         number of deaths resulting from adverse events
    0
    0
    Injury, poisoning and procedural complications
    Post procedural haemorrhage
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 125 (0.80%)
    0 / 126 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Vascular disorders
    Thrombophlebitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 125 (0.00%)
    1 / 126 (0.79%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Reproductive system and breast disorders
    Haemorrhagic ovarian cyst
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 125 (0.00%)
    1 / 126 (0.79%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Hepatobiliary disorders
    Cholecystitis acute
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 125 (0.00%)
    1 / 126 (0.79%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    1 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Cholelithiasis
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 125 (0.00%)
    1 / 126 (0.79%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Psychiatric disorders
    Completed suicide
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 125 (0.80%)
    0 / 126 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders
    Myositis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 125 (0.80%)
    0 / 126 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Infections and infestations
    Appendicitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 125 (0.00%)
    1 / 126 (0.79%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Pneumonia
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 125 (0.00%)
    1 / 126 (0.79%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Frequency threshold for reporting non-serious adverse events: 5%
    Non-serious adverse events
    Liraglutide 3.0 mg Placebo
    Total subjects affected by non serious adverse events
         subjects affected / exposed
    100 / 125 (80.00%)
    84 / 126 (66.67%)
    Nervous system disorders
    Dizziness
         subjects affected / exposed
    13 / 125 (10.40%)
    4 / 126 (3.17%)
         occurrences all number
    15
    5
    Headache
         subjects affected / exposed
    29 / 125 (23.20%)
    35 / 126 (27.78%)
         occurrences all number
    43
    53
    General disorders and administration site conditions
    Pyrexia
         subjects affected / exposed
    10 / 125 (8.00%)
    9 / 126 (7.14%)
         occurrences all number
    11
    11
    Gastrointestinal disorders
    Abdominal pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    10 / 125 (8.00%)
    11 / 126 (8.73%)
         occurrences all number
    15
    15
    Abdominal pain upper
         subjects affected / exposed
    17 / 125 (13.60%)
    17 / 126 (13.49%)
         occurrences all number
    25
    23
    Diarrhoea
         subjects affected / exposed
    28 / 125 (22.40%)
    18 / 126 (14.29%)
         occurrences all number
    44
    29
    Nausea
         subjects affected / exposed
    53 / 125 (42.40%)
    18 / 126 (14.29%)
         occurrences all number
    101
    25
    Vomiting
         subjects affected / exposed
    43 / 125 (34.40%)
    5 / 126 (3.97%)
         occurrences all number
    85
    8
    Reproductive system and breast disorders
    Dysmenorrhoea
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 125 (3.20%)
    8 / 126 (6.35%)
         occurrences all number
    5
    16
    Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
    Oropharyngeal pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    11 / 125 (8.80%)
    15 / 126 (11.90%)
         occurrences all number
    11
    18
    Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders
    Arthralgia
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 125 (2.40%)
    8 / 126 (6.35%)
         occurrences all number
    3
    8
    Infections and infestations
    Gastroenteritis
         subjects affected / exposed
    16 / 125 (12.80%)
    6 / 126 (4.76%)
         occurrences all number
    22
    9
    Influenza
         subjects affected / exposed
    11 / 125 (8.80%)
    12 / 126 (9.52%)
         occurrences all number
    11
    12
    Nasopharyngitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    34 / 125 (27.20%)
    38 / 126 (30.16%)
         occurrences all number
    68
    80
    Pharyngitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 125 (3.20%)
    7 / 126 (5.56%)
         occurrences all number
    5
    7
    Upper respiratory tract infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    11 / 125 (8.80%)
    11 / 126 (8.73%)
         occurrences all number
    14
    16

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    Substantial protocol amendments (globally)

    Were there any global substantial amendments to the protocol? No

    Interruptions (globally)

    Were there any global interruptions to the trial? No

    Limitations and caveats

    Limitations of the trial such as small numbers of subjects analysed or technical problems leading to unreliable data.
    None reported
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    As of 31 January 2023, all EU/EEA initial clinical trial applications must be submitted through CTIS . Updated EudraCT trials information and information on PIP/Art 46 trials conducted exclusively in third countries continues to be submitted through EudraCT and published on this website.

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