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    Clinical Trial Results:
    A 21-Week, Open-label, Randomized, Controlled, Parallel-group, Multi-center Study Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of HOE901-U300 Administered According to a Device-Supported Treat-to-target Regimen Versus Routine Titration in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

    Summary
    EudraCT number
    2014-004533-13
    Trial protocol
    GB   DE   AT  
    Global end of trial date
    30 Nov 2016

    Results information
    Results version number
    v1(current)
    This version publication date
    15 Dec 2017
    First version publication date
    15 Dec 2017
    Other versions

    Trial information

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    Trial identification
    Sponsor protocol code
    EFC13470
    Additional study identifiers
    ISRCTN number
    -
    US NCT number
    NCT02585674
    WHO universal trial number (UTN)
    U1111-1165-9001
    Other trial identifiers
    Study Name: AUTOMATIX
    Sponsors
    Sponsor organisation name
    Sanofi aventis recherche & développement
    Sponsor organisation address
    1 avenue Pierre Brossolette, Chilly-Mazarin, France, 91380
    Public contact
    Trial Transparency Team, Sanofi aventis recherche & développement, Contact-US@sanofi.com
    Scientific contact
    Trial Transparency Team, Sanofi aventis recherche & développement, Contact-US@sanofi.com
    Paediatric regulatory details
    Is trial part of an agreed paediatric investigation plan (PIP)
    No
    Does article 45 of REGULATION (EC) No 1901/2006 apply to this trial?
    No
    Does article 46 of REGULATION (EC) No 1901/2006 apply to this trial?
    No
    Results analysis stage
    Analysis stage
    Final
    Date of interim/final analysis
    19 Jan 2017
    Is this the analysis of the primary completion data?
    No
    Global end of trial reached?
    Yes
    Global end of trial date
    30 Nov 2016
    Was the trial ended prematurely?
    No
    General information about the trial
    Main objective of the trial
    To demonstrate the non-inferiority of the MyStar DoseCoach (Long-acting Insulin Glargine Titration Meter) device-supported treat-to-target regimen relative to a routine titration regimen in the percentage of patients reaching glycemic target, ie, with a mean fasting self-monitored plasma glucose (FSMPG) value within the target range of 90-130 mg/dL (5.0-7.2 mmol/L) without a severe hypoglycemic episode during the 16-week on-treatment period.
    Protection of trial subjects
    Subjects were fully informed of all pertinent aspects of the clinical trial as well as the possibility to discontinue at any time in language and terms appropriate for the subject and considering the local culture. During the course of the trial, subjects were provided with individual subject cards indicating the nature of the trial the subject is participating, contact details and any information needed in the event of a medical emergency. Collected personal data and human biological samples were processed in compliance with the Sanofi-Aventis Group Personal Data Protection Charter ensuring that the Group abides by the laws governing personal data protection in force in all countries in which it operates.
    Background therapy
    Glucose lowering therapy (such as metformin, sulphonylureas, thiazolidinediones, SGLT2 inhibitors, GLP-1 receptor agonists, and DPP-IV inhibitors) kept stable for at least 3 months prior to screening and also, throughout the study unless there was a specific safety issue related to this treatment.
    Evidence for comparator
    -
    Actual start date of recruitment
    09 Dec 2015
    Long term follow-up planned
    No
    Independent data monitoring committee (IDMC) involvement?
    No
    Population of trial subjects
    Number of subjects enrolled per country
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    United Kingdom: 57
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Germany: 94
    Worldwide total number of subjects
    151
    EEA total number of subjects
    151
    Number of subjects enrolled per age group
    In utero
    0
    Preterm newborn - gestational age < 37 wk
    0
    Newborns (0-27 days)
    0
    Infants and toddlers (28 days-23 months)
    0
    Children (2-11 years)
    0
    Adolescents (12-17 years)
    0
    Adults (18-64 years)
    85
    From 65 to 84 years
    66
    85 years and over
    0

    Subject disposition

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    Recruitment
    Recruitment details
    The study was conducted at 19 centres in 2 countries. A total of 203 subjects were screened between 9 December 2015 and 12 July 2016 of whom 52 subjects were screen failures. Screen failures were mainly due to exclusion criteria met.

    Pre-assignment
    Screening details
    A total of 151 subjects were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to use either the Dose Helper function of the MyStar DoseCoach or the usual titration method provided by the investigator. The randomization was stratified by previous use of insulin (insulin-naïve versus non-insulin-naïve).

    Period 1
    Period 1 title
    Overall Study (overall period)
    Is this the baseline period?
    Yes
    Allocation method
    Randomised - controlled
    Blinding used
    Not blinded

    Arms
    Are arms mutually exclusive
    Yes

    Arm title
    Dose Helper Titration
    Arm description
    Subjects used the dose helper functionality of the MyStarDoseCoach device for basal insulin titration.
    Arm type
    Experimental

    Investigational medicinal product name
    Insulin glargine
    Investigational medicinal product code
    HOE901
    Other name
    Toujeo®
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Solution for injection in pre-filled pen
    Routes of administration
    Subcutaneous use
    Dosage and administration details
    HOE901-U300 self-administered by deep SC injection at approximately the same time every day. Dose was individually titrated to achieve target fasting SMPG range equal to 90-130 mg/dL (5.0-7.2 mmol/L) while avoiding hypoglycemia.

    Arm title
    Routine Titration
    Arm description
    Subjects followed the usual method of titration that was recommended by the investigator.
    Arm type
    Active comparator

    Investigational medicinal product name
    Insulin glargine
    Investigational medicinal product code
    HOE901
    Other name
    Toujeo®
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Solution for injection in pre-filled pen
    Routes of administration
    Subcutaneous use
    Dosage and administration details
    HOE901-U300 self-administered by deep SC injection at approximately the same time every day. Dose was individually titrated based on usual method recommended by investigator.

    Number of subjects in period 1
    Dose Helper Titration Routine Titration
    Started
    75
    76
    Completed the Dose Helper period
    58 [1]
    0 [2]
    Completed
    70
    76
    Not completed
    5
    0
         Consent withdrawn by subject
    5
    -
    Notes
    [1] - The number of subjects at this milestone seems inconsistent with the number of subjects in the arm. It is expected that the number of subjects will be greater than, or equal to the number that completed, minus those who left.
    Justification: Out of 75 subjects, 17 subjects stopped prematurely the dose helper.
    [2] - The number of subjects at this milestone seems inconsistent with the number of subjects in the arm. It is expected that the number of subjects will be greater than, or equal to the number that completed, minus those who left.
    Justification: Milestone not applicable for this arm as subjects did not use the dose helper.

    Baseline characteristics

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    Baseline characteristics reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Dose Helper Titration
    Reporting group description
    Subjects used the dose helper functionality of the MyStarDoseCoach device for basal insulin titration.

    Reporting group title
    Routine Titration
    Reporting group description
    Subjects followed the usual method of titration that was recommended by the investigator.

    Reporting group values
    Dose Helper Titration Routine Titration Total
    Number of subjects
    75 76 151
    Age categorical
    Units: Subjects
        <65 years
    43 42 85
        65-75 years
    29 24 53
        >=75 years
    3 10 13
    Age continuous
    Units: years
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    61.2 ( 9.5 ) 62.9 ( 9.4 ) -
    Gender categorical
    Units: Subjects
        Female
    27 20 47
        Male
    48 56 104
    Randomization strata of previous use of insulin
    According to interactive voice response system (IVRS) data.
    Units: Subjects
        Insulin-Naive
    30 30 60
        Insulin pre-treated
    45 46 91
    Body mass index (BMI)
    Units: kg/m^2
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    33.2 ( 6.9 ) 33.3 ( 7.0 ) -
    Duration of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)
    Units: years
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    12.17 ( 7.21 ) 12.34 ( 6.37 ) -
    Glycated Haemoglobin (HbA1c %)
    Units: percentage of hemoglobin
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    8.80 ( 1.00 ) 8.59 ( 0.82 ) -
    Mean fasting self-monitored plasma glucose (FSMPG)
    The baseline mean FSMPG was calculated by the mean of the last 5 readings recorded over the last 2 weeks preceding the first IMP intake
    Units: mg/dL
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    183.40 ( 38.84 ) 177.64 ( 34.59 ) -
    Fasting Plasma Glucose
    Units: mg/dL
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    191.57 ( 39.83 ) 186.78 ( 47.15 ) -

    End points

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    End points reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Dose Helper Titration
    Reporting group description
    Subjects used the dose helper functionality of the MyStarDoseCoach device for basal insulin titration.

    Reporting group title
    Routine Titration
    Reporting group description
    Subjects followed the usual method of titration that was recommended by the investigator.

    Primary: Percentage of Subjects Reaching Mean Fasting Self-Monitored Plasma Glucose (FSMPG) Target range of 90-130 mg/dL (5.0-7.2 mmol/L) at Week 16 Without Severe Hypoglycemia During the 16 Week On- Treatment Period

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    End point title
    Percentage of Subjects Reaching Mean Fasting Self-Monitored Plasma Glucose (FSMPG) Target range of 90-130 mg/dL (5.0-7.2 mmol/L) at Week 16 Without Severe Hypoglycemia During the 16 Week On- Treatment Period
    End point description
    Estimated percentages from multiple imputation approach. Mean FSMPG values at Week 16 time-point was calculated by the mean of the last 5 on-treatment readings recorded over the 2 weeks preceding the Week 16 time-point (Day 112), using the relative days from the first investigational medicinal product (IMP) dose. Severe hypoglycemia was an event that required assistance of another person to actively administered carbohydrate, glucagon, or other resuscitative actions. The 16-week on-treatment period for hypoglycemia occurs from first IMP up to 16 weeks defined by 112 days after the first IMP dose. Analysis was performed on modified intent-to-treat population (mITT) that included all randomized subjects treated with IMP and analysed according to the titration group allocated by randomization.
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    First dose up to Day 112
    End point values
    Dose Helper Titration Routine Titration
    Number of subjects analysed
    75
    76
    Units: percentage of subjects
        number (not applicable)
    45.92
    36.84
    Statistical analysis title
    Dose Helper Titration vs. Routine Titration
    Statistical analysis description
    Estimated difference of percentage was obtained by combining the difference (diff.) in percentage, weighted by the randomization stratum of previous use of insulin (Insulin naive, Insulin pre-treated), between titration groups of all different imputed data sets, using Rubin's formulae.
    Comparison groups
    Routine Titration v Dose Helper Titration
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    151
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    non-inferiority [1]
    Method
    Parameter type
    Estimated weighted percentage difference
    Point estimate
    9.04
    Confidence interval
         level
    95%
         sides
    2-sided
         lower limit
    -6.748
         upper limit
    24.829
    Notes
    [1] - To assess non-inferiority the lower bound of the two-sided 95% confidence interval (CI) for the difference in percentage of subjects between MyStar DoseCoach and routine titration of the primary endpoint must be strictly greater to the predefined non-inferiority margin of -15%. Only if non-inferiority of MyStar DoseCoach versus routine titration regimen had been demonstrated, step 2 was to test superiority of MyStar DoseCoach over routine titration.
    Statistical analysis title
    Dose Helper Titration vs Routine Titration
    Statistical analysis description
    Step-2 was to test superiority of MyStar DoseCoach over routine titration. Only if non inferiority was demonstrated, the superiority of Dose Helper titration versus routine titration was demonstrated if the lower bound of the two-sided 95% CI for the weighted difference (diff.) in the percentage of subjects between titration arms was >0 (zero).
    Comparison groups
    Dose Helper Titration v Routine Titration
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    151
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    = 0.2618
    Method
    Weighted diff. from multiple imputation
    Parameter type
    Estimated weighted percentage difference
    Confidence interval
         level
    95%
         sides
    2-sided
         lower limit
    -6.748
         upper limit
    24.829

    Secondary: Percentage of Subjects Reaching Mean FSMPG Target Range of 90-130 mg/dL (5.0-7.2 mmol/L) at Week 16 Without Severe and/or Confirmed Hypoglycemic Episode During the 16-Week On-Treatment Period

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    End point title
    Percentage of Subjects Reaching Mean FSMPG Target Range of 90-130 mg/dL (5.0-7.2 mmol/L) at Week 16 Without Severe and/or Confirmed Hypoglycemic Episode During the 16-Week On-Treatment Period
    End point description
    Estimated percentages from multiple imputation approach. Mean FSMPG values at Week 16 time-point was calculated by the mean of the last 5 on-treatment readings recorded over the 2 weeks preceding the Week 16 time-point (Day 112) using the relative days from the first IMP dose. Severe and/or Confirmed hypoglycemia event was a severe event or an event defined as plasma glucose ≤70 mg/dL (3.9 mmol/L) or <54 mg/dL (3.0 mmol/L). The 16-week on-treatment period for hypoglycemia occurs from first IMP up to 16 weeks defined by 112 days after the first IMP dose. Analysis was performed on mITT population.
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    First dose up to Day 112
    End point values
    Dose Helper Titration Routine Titration
    Number of subjects analysed
    75
    76
    Units: percentage of subjects
    number (not applicable)
        At (≤70 mg/dL [3.9 mmol/L])
    34.25
    14.47
        At (<54 mg/dL [3.0 mmol/L])
    39.96
    34.21
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Percentage of Subjects Reaching Mean FSMPG Target Range of 70-130 mg/dL (3.9-7.2 mmol/L) at Week 16 Without Severe Hypoglycemic Episode During the 16-Week On-Treatment Period

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    End point title
    Percentage of Subjects Reaching Mean FSMPG Target Range of 70-130 mg/dL (3.9-7.2 mmol/L) at Week 16 Without Severe Hypoglycemic Episode During the 16-Week On-Treatment Period
    End point description
    Estimated percentages from multiple imputation approach. Mean FSMPG values at Week 16 time-point was calculated by the mean of the last 5 on-treatment readings recorded over the 2 weeks preceding the Week 16 time-point (Day 112) using the relative days from the first IMP dose. The 16-week on-treatment period for hypoglycemia occurs from first IMP up to 16 weeks defined by 112 days after the first IMP dose. Analysis was performed on mITT population.
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    First dose up to Day 112
    End point values
    Dose Helper Titration Routine Titration
    Number of subjects analysed
    75
    76
    Units: percentage of subjects
        number (not applicable)
    46.07
    39.47
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Percentage of Subjects Reaching Mean FSMPG Target Range of 70-130 mg/dL (3.9-7.2 mmol/L) at Week 16 Without Severe and/or Confirmed Hypoglycemic Episode During 16-Week On-Treatment Period

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    End point title
    Percentage of Subjects Reaching Mean FSMPG Target Range of 70-130 mg/dL (3.9-7.2 mmol/L) at Week 16 Without Severe and/or Confirmed Hypoglycemic Episode During 16-Week On-Treatment Period
    End point description
    Estimated percentages from multiple imputation approach. Mean FSMPG values at Week 16 time-point was calculated by the mean of the last 5 on-treatment readings recorded over the 2 weeks preceding the Week 16 time-point (Day 112) using the relative days from the first IMP dose. The 16-week on-treatment period for hypoglycemia occurs from first IMP up to 16 weeks defined by 112 days after the first IMP dose. Analysis was performed on mITT population.
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    First dose up to Day 112
    End point values
    Dose Helper Titration Routine Titration
    Number of subjects analysed
    75
    76
    Units: percentage of subjects
    number (not applicable)
        At ≤70 mg/dL [3.9 mmol/]
    34.25
    17.11
        At <54 mg/dL [3.0 mmol/L]
    40.00
    36.84
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Change From Baseline in Mean FSMPG at Week 16 During the On-Treatment Period

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    End point title
    Change From Baseline in Mean FSMPG at Week 16 During the On-Treatment Period
    End point description
    Change in FSMPG was calculated by subtracting baseline value from Week 16 time point value. Adjusted LS means from mixed-effect model with repeated measures. Mean FSMPG values were calculated by the mean of the last 5 on-treatment readings recorded over the 2 weeks preceding the corresponding time-point, using the relative days from the first IMP. Analysis was performed on mITT population.
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Baseline, Week 16 time point
    End point values
    Dose Helper Titration Routine Titration
    Number of subjects analysed
    75
    76
    Units: mg/dL
        least squares mean (standard error)
    -41.70 ( 3.323 )
    -43.26 ( 3.175 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Time to First Reach Mean FSMPG Target Range During the On-Treatment Period

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    End point title
    Time to First Reach Mean FSMPG Target Range During the On-Treatment Period
    End point description
    The mean FSMPG was calculated by the mean of the last 5 on-treatment values recorded over each 2-weeks period defined by each time window of 14 consecutive days starting from first IMP date. Time to first mean FSMPG in target range was defined as the number of weeks from 1st IMP to the date of the first 2-weeks period where the mean FSMPG value was in the target. Median survival which corresponds to the duration for which 50% of the subjects reached the target, was estimated using Kaplan-Meier method. Analysis was performed on mITT population.
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    First dose of study drug up to 1 day after the last dose administration
    End point values
    Dose Helper Titration Routine Titration
    Number of subjects analysed
    75
    76
    Units: Weeks
        median (confidence interval 95%)
    10 (8 to 10)
    13 (6 to 16)
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Change From Baseline in Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) at Week 16 During the On-Treatment Period

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    End point title
    Change From Baseline in Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) at Week 16 During the On-Treatment Period
    End point description
    Change in HbA1c value from baseline to visit week 16 was analysed using all post-baseline values recorded from first IMP up to 7 days after last IMP dose. Adjusted LS means from ANCOVA. Analysis was performed on mITT population. Here, Number of subjects analysed=subjects with available data for this endpoint.
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Baseline, Week 16 Visit
    End point values
    Dose Helper Titration Routine Titration
    Number of subjects analysed
    68
    73
    Units: percentage of HbA1c
        least squares mean (standard error)
    -1.12 ( 0.086 )
    -1.07 ( 0.084 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Change From Baseline in Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) at Week 16 During the On-Treatment Period

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    End point title
    Change From Baseline in Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) at Week 16 During the On-Treatment Period
    End point description
    Change in FPG value from baseline to visit Week 16 was analysed using all post-baseline values recorded from first IMP up to 1 day after last IMP dose. Adjusted LS means from mixed-effect model with repeated measures. Analysis was performed on mITT population. Here, Number of subjects analysed=subjects with available data for this endpoint.
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Baseline, Week 16 Visit
    End point values
    Dose Helper Titration Routine Titration
    Number of subjects analysed
    71
    76
    Units: mg/dL
    least squares mean (standard error)
        Change at Week 16
    -44.05 ( 4.255 )
    -49.46 ( 4.080 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Percentage of Subjects Reaching HbA1c of <7.5% and <7% at Week 16 During the On-Treatment Period

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    End point title
    Percentage of Subjects Reaching HbA1c of <7.5% and <7% at Week 16 During the On-Treatment Period
    End point description
    Only HbA1c values recorded from the first IMP dose up to 7 days after the last IMP dose were considered in the analysis. Subjects who had no available on-treatment assessment for HbA1c at visit Week 16 were considered as non-responders. Analysis was performed on mITT population.
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Week 16 Visit
    End point values
    Dose Helper Titration Routine Titration
    Number of subjects analysed
    75
    76
    Units: percentage of subjects
    number (not applicable)
        HbA1c of <7.5%
    45.33
    43.42
        HbA1c of <7.0%
    30.67
    27.63
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Percentage of Subjects with FPG in the Target Range of [90-130 mg/dL] (5.0-7.2 mmol/L) at Week 16 Without Severe Hypoglycemia at Week 16 During the On-Treatment Period

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    End point title
    Percentage of Subjects with FPG in the Target Range of [90-130 mg/dL] (5.0-7.2 mmol/L) at Week 16 Without Severe Hypoglycemia at Week 16 During the On-Treatment Period
    End point description
    Only assessments reported from the first IMP dose up to 1 day after the last IMP dose for FPG values, and up to 2 days after the last IMP dose for hypoglycaemia events were considered in the analysis. Number of subjects with FPG in the target range of [90-130 mg/dL] (5.0-7.2 mmol/L) at visit Week 16 without severe hypoglycemia during the on-treatment period was analysed. Subjects who had no available on-treatment assessment for FPG at visit Week 16 were considered as non-responders . Analysis was performed on mITT population.
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Week 16 Visit
    End point values
    Dose Helper Titration Routine Titration
    Number of subjects analysed
    75
    76
    Units: percentage of subjects
        number (not applicable)
    29.33
    43.42
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Percentage of Subjects with Hypoglycemic Events (Any Hypoglycemia, Severe Hypoglycemia, Documented Symptomatic Hypoglycemia, Asymptomatic Hypoglycemia and Severe and/or confirmed Hypoglycemia) During the On-Treatment Period

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    End point title
    Percentage of Subjects with Hypoglycemic Events (Any Hypoglycemia, Severe Hypoglycemia, Documented Symptomatic Hypoglycemia, Asymptomatic Hypoglycemia and Severe and/or confirmed Hypoglycemia) During the On-Treatment Period
    End point description
    Categories of hypoglycaemia event were based on ADA classification. Severe hypoglycemia was an event in which the subject required the assistance of another person to actively administer carbohydrate, glucagon, or other resuscitative actions. Documented symptomatic hypoglycemia was an event during which typical symptoms of hypoglycemia were accompanied by a measured plasma glucose concentration of <=70 mg/dL (3.9 mmol/L). Asymptomatic hypoglycemia was an event not accompanied by typical symptoms of hypoglycemia but with a measured plasma glucose concentration <=70 mg/dL (3.9 mmol/L). Hypoglycemic episodes with plasma glucose of 54 mg/dL (<3.0 mmol/L) were also analysed. Only events occurring from first IMP dose up to 2 days after last IMP dose were analysed. Analysis was performed on the safety population that included randomized population who actually received at least 1 dose or part of a dose of the IMP, analysed according to the titration regimen actually followed.
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    First dose of study drug up to 2 days after the last dose administration
    End point values
    Dose Helper Titration Routine Titration
    Number of subjects analysed
    75
    76
    Units: percentage of subjects
    number (not applicable)
        Any hypoglycemia event
    34.7
    38.2
        Severe hypoglycemia
    0
    1.3
        Documented Symptomatic Hypoglycemia (≤3.9mmol/L)
    13.3
    13.2
        Documented Symptomatic Hypoglycemia (<3.0mmol/L)
    4.0
    3.9
        Asymptomatic hypoglycemia (≤3.9mmol/L)
    20.0
    27.6
        Asymptomatic hypoglycemia (< 3.0 mmol/L)
    6.7
    5.3
        Severe and/or confirmed hypoglycemia(≤ 3.9 mmol/L)
    29.3
    35.5
        Severe and/or confirmed hypoglycemia(< 3.0 mmol/L)
    10.7
    9.2
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Change From Baseline in Total Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire (DTSQ) Score at Week 16

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    End point title
    Change From Baseline in Total Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire (DTSQ) Score at Week 16
    End point description
    The DTSQs is a validated questionnaire to assess subject’s satisfaction with their diabetes treatment. Total DTSQ score consists of the sum of 6 items (Q1 and Q4 - Q8), each rated on a 7-point scale (from 0 to 6). Total DTSQ score ranged from 0 (very dissatisfied) to 36 (very satisfied); higher score = more satisfaction. Change in total DTSQ score from baseline to visit Week 16 was performed on mITT population. Adjusted LS means from ANCOVA. Number of subjects analysed=subjects with available data for this endpoint.
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Baseline, Week 16 Visit
    End point values
    Dose Helper Titration Routine Titration
    Number of subjects analysed
    64
    67
    Units: Units on a scale
        least squares mean (standard error)
    2.90 ( 0.612 )
    4.46 ( 0.596 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Change From Baseline in the Total Hypoglycemia Fear Survey Score at Week 16

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    End point title
    Change From Baseline in the Total Hypoglycemia Fear Survey Score at Week 16
    End point description
    Hypoglycemia fear survey (HFS), is a validated tool to assess subject’s fear and behavior relative to hypoglycemia. It consists of 33 items each rated on a 5-point scale ranges from 0= never to 4= always. Total HFS score (mean of the 33 items) ranged from 0 to 4 higher score reflects increasing fear of hypoglycaemia. Change in total HFS score from baseline to visit Week 16 was performed on mITT population. Adjusted LS means from ANCOVA. Number of subjects analysed=subjects with available data for this endpoint.
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Baseline, Week 16 Visit
    End point values
    Dose Helper Titration Routine Titration
    Number of subjects analysed
    65
    69
    Units: units on a scale
        least squares mean (standard error)
    0.00 ( 0.050 )
    0.03 ( 0.048 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Change From Baseline in the World Health Organization-5 (WHO-5) Well-Being Index Score at Week 16

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    End point title
    Change From Baseline in the World Health Organization-5 (WHO-5) Well-Being Index Score at Week 16
    End point description
    The WHO-5 well-being index is a standardized test to evaluate emotional well-being and quality of life. It contains five items each rated on a 6-point scale (from 0 to 5). The total WHO-5 score (sum of the 5 items multiplied by 4) range from 0 to 100 where higher score indicated the best quality of life. Change in total WHO-5 score from baseline to visit Week 16 was performed on mITT population. Adjusted LS means from ANCOVA. Number of subjects analysed=subjects with available data for this endpoint.
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Baseline, Week 16 Visit
    End point values
    Dose Helper Titration Routine Titration
    Number of subjects analysed
    66
    69
    Units: units on a scale
        least squares mean (standard error)
    -0.03 ( 1.788 )
    6.20 ( 1.750 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Change From Baseline in Total Diabetes Distress Scale Score to Week 16

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    End point title
    Change From Baseline in Total Diabetes Distress Scale Score to Week 16
    End point description
    The Diabetes distress scale (DDS) is a validated questionnaire that evaluates subject’s emotional distress related to diabetes disease burden. It consists of 17 questions, each rated on a 6-point scale (from 1 to 6). Total DDS score (mean of the 17 questions) ranged from 1 to 6. Higher score indicated greater emotional distress. Change in total DDS score from baseline to visit Week 16 was performed on mITT population. Adjusted LS means from ANCOVA. Number of subjects analysed=subjects with available data for this endpoint.
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Baseline, Week 16 Visit
    End point values
    Dose Helper Titration Routine Titration
    Number of subjects analysed
    64
    68
    Units: units on a scale
        least squares mean (standard error)
    0.08 ( 0.060 )
    -0.04 ( 0.058 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Change From Baseline in Total Glucose Monitoring Satisfaction (GMS) Score to Week 16

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    End point title
    Change From Baseline in Total Glucose Monitoring Satisfaction (GMS) Score to Week 16
    End point description
    The GMS is a questionnaire assessing subject’s satisfaction with their glucose monitoring. It consists of 15 items, each rated on a 5-point scale (from 1 to 5). Total GMS score (mean of the 15 items) ranged from 1 to 5, higher score= greater level of satisfaction. Change in total GMS score from baseline to visit Week 16 was performed on mITT population. Adjusted LS means from ANCOVA. Number of subjects analysed = subjects with available data for this endpoint.
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Baseline, Week 16 Visit
    End point values
    Dose Helper Titration Routine Titration
    Number of subjects analysed
    64
    68
    Units: units on a scale
        least squares mean (standard error)
    0.10 ( 0.071 )
    0.30 ( 0.069 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Dose Helper Titration: Device Ease of Use Questionnaire at Week 16

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    End point title
    Dose Helper Titration: Device Ease of Use Questionnaire at Week 16 [2]
    End point description
    The device ease of use questionnaires were administered to health care providers (1 question) and subjects randomized to the dose helper titration arm (3 questions) at visit Week 16. The 4 questions of the MyStar DoseCoach ease of use questionnaires were rated on a 7-point scale ranges from 1 (extremely difficult) to 7 (extremely easy). Descriptive analysis of each question was performed on mITT population. Number of subjects analysed=subjects with available data for this endpoint.
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Week 16 Visit
    Notes
    [2] - The end point is not reporting statistics for all the arms in the baseline period. It is expected all the baseline period arms will be reported on when providing values for an end point on the baseline period.
    Justification: The end point is reporting results only for the arm applicable for this endpoint.
    End point values
    Dose Helper Titration
    Number of subjects analysed
    75
    Units: units on a scale
    arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
        How easy/difficult for subject to titrate?(n=71)
    6.23 ( 1.36 )
        To decide what dose to take? (n=70)
    6.11 ( 1.36 )
        To do the dose calculations correctly? (n=70)
    6.07 ( 1.40 )
        To adjust your insulin dose? (n=70)
    6.24 ( 1.30 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Adverse events

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    Adverse events information
    Timeframe for reporting adverse events
    All Adverse Events (AEs) were collected from signature of the informed consent form up to the final visit (Week 16) regardless of seriousness or relationship to investigational product.
    Adverse event reporting additional description
    Analysed AEs are treatment-emergent adverse events that is AEs that developed/worsened during the ‘on treatment period’ (The on-treatment period was defined as the time from the first injection of open-label IMP up to 2 days after the last injection of IMP).
    Assessment type
    Systematic
    Dictionary used for adverse event reporting
    Dictionary name
    MedDRA
    Dictionary version
    19.1
    Reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Dose Helper Titration
    Reporting group description
    Subjects used the dose helper functionality of the MyStarDoseCoach device for basal insulin titration.

    Reporting group title
    Routine Titration
    Reporting group description
    Subjects followed the usual method of titration that was recommended by the investigator.

    Serious adverse events
    Dose Helper Titration Routine Titration
    Total subjects affected by serious adverse events
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 75 (2.67%)
    3 / 76 (3.95%)
         number of deaths (all causes)
    0
    0
         number of deaths resulting from adverse events
    Neoplasms benign, malignant and unspecified (incl cysts and polyps)
    Prostate Cancer
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 75 (1.33%)
    0 / 76 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Cardiac disorders
    Angina Pectoris
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 75 (1.33%)
    0 / 76 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Nervous system disorders
    Dementia
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 75 (0.00%)
    1 / 76 (1.32%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Infections and infestations
    Herpes Zoster
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 75 (0.00%)
    1 / 76 (1.32%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Localised Infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 75 (0.00%)
    1 / 76 (1.32%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Frequency threshold for reporting non-serious adverse events: 5%
    Non-serious adverse events
    Dose Helper Titration Routine Titration
    Total subjects affected by non serious adverse events
         subjects affected / exposed
    15 / 75 (20.00%)
    9 / 76 (11.84%)
    Gastrointestinal disorders
    Diarrhoea
         subjects affected / exposed
    5 / 75 (6.67%)
    1 / 76 (1.32%)
         occurrences all number
    5
    1
    Vomiting
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 75 (5.33%)
    0 / 76 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    4
    0
    Infections and infestations
    Nasopharyngitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    7 / 75 (9.33%)
    8 / 76 (10.53%)
         occurrences all number
    7
    8

    More information

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    Substantial protocol amendments (globally)

    Were there any global substantial amendments to the protocol? Yes
    Date
    Amendment
    14 Sep 2015
    Following changes were made: - To ensure that only adult subjects were included in this clinical trial, who were able to understand the nature, significance and implications of the clinical trial and to form their intention accordingly. - To ensure that no subjects with high risk hypoglycemia and hypoglycemia with particularly severe outcome should be included in the trial. - This included especially subjects with stenosis of coronary artery or vessels supplying the brain as well as subjects with proliferative retinopathy. - To clarify to use Investigator Brochure and its addenda for reference safety information. - To clarify that any protocol amendment or modification was submitted to Health Authorities (Competent Regulatory Authority) before implementation. - To implement an additional objective/endpoint of satisfaction with glucose monitoring via addition of the Glucose Monitoring Satisfaction Survey (GMS). - To implement changes related to the classification of MyStar DoseCoach.

    Interruptions (globally)

    Were there any global interruptions to the trial? No

    Limitations and caveats

    Limitations of the trial such as small numbers of subjects analysed or technical problems leading to unreliable data.
    None reported
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