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    Clinical Trial Results:
    A Multicenter, Double-Blind, Randomized, Comparative Study to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability, and Efficacy of Caspofungin Versus (Amphotericin B) Liposome for Injection as Empirical Therapy in Pediatric Patients With Persistent Fever and Neutropenia

    Summary
    EudraCT number
    2014-005021-13
    Trial protocol
    Outside EU/EEA  
    Global end of trial date
    04 Oct 2006

    Results information
    Results version number
    v1(current)
    This version publication date
    10 Feb 2016
    First version publication date
    15 Jul 2015
    Other versions

    Trial information

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    Trial identification
    Sponsor protocol code
    MK-0991-044
    Additional study identifiers
    ISRCTN number
    -
    US NCT number
    NCT00082537
    WHO universal trial number (UTN)
    -
    Sponsors
    Sponsor organisation name
    Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp.
    Sponsor organisation address
    2000 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ, United States, 07033
    Public contact
    Clinical Trials Disclosure, Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., ClinicalTrialsDisclosure@merck.com
    Scientific contact
    Clinical Trials Disclosure, Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., ClinicalTrialsDisclosure@merck.com
    Paediatric regulatory details
    Is trial part of an agreed paediatric investigation plan (PIP)
    Yes
    EMA paediatric investigation plan number(s)
    EMEA-000010-PIP01-07
    Does article 45 of REGULATION (EC) No 1901/2006 apply to this trial?
    No
    Does article 46 of REGULATION (EC) No 1901/2006 apply to this trial?
    No
    Results analysis stage
    Analysis stage
    Final
    Date of interim/final analysis
    04 Oct 2006
    Is this the analysis of the primary completion data?
    Yes
    Primary completion date
    04 Oct 2006
    Global end of trial reached?
    Yes
    Global end of trial date
    04 Oct 2006
    Was the trial ended prematurely?
    No
    General information about the trial
    Main objective of the trial
    To estimate in pediatric patients, aged 2 to 17 years, with persistent fever and neutropenia, the proportion of participants treated with caspofungin reporting one or more clinical and/or laboratory drug-related adverse experience(s) during the study drug therapy period plus 14 days posttherapy.
    Protection of trial subjects
    This study was conducted in conformance with Good Clinical Practice standards and applicable country and/or local statutes and regulations regarding ethical committee review, informed consent, and the protection of human subjects participating in biomedical research. If drug-related toxicity develops, the dose may be reduced to the standard dose. Any participant who has a body surface area >=1.2 m^2 is not eligible for dose increase for inadequate clinical response because their standard daily dose of caspofungin approaches the maximum dose of 70 mg/day. Therefore, a participant whose dose in the caspofungin arm is >=60 mg/day (50 mg/m^2 for a 1.2 m^2 participant) and requires dose increase as determined by the investigator, must be discontinued from study therapy.
    Background therapy
    -
    Evidence for comparator
    -
    Actual start date of recruitment
    28 Apr 2004
    Long term follow-up planned
    No
    Independent data monitoring committee (IDMC) involvement?
    No
    Population of trial subjects
    Number of subjects enrolled per country
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Germany: 18
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    United States: 32
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Spain: 18
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Belgium: 14
    Worldwide total number of subjects
    82
    EEA total number of subjects
    50
    Number of subjects enrolled per age group
    In utero
    0
    Preterm newborn - gestational age < 37 wk
    0
    Newborns (0-27 days)
    0
    Infants and toddlers (28 days-23 months)
    0
    Children (2-11 years)
    62
    Adolescents (12-17 years)
    20
    Adults (18-64 years)
    0
    From 65 to 84 years
    0
    85 years and over
    0

    Subject disposition

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    Recruitment
    Recruitment details
    -

    Pre-assignment
    Screening details
    A total of 83 participants were screened. One screened participant was randomized but did not receive study therapy.

    Period 1
    Period 1 title
    Treatment and Follow-up (overall period)
    Is this the baseline period?
    Yes
    Allocation method
    Randomised - controlled
    Blinding used
    Double blind
    Roles blinded
    Subject, Investigator, Carer

    Arms
    Are arms mutually exclusive
    Yes

    Arm title
    Caspofungin
    Arm description
    Participants received 1-hour intravenous infusion of caspofungin 70 mg/m^2 as a loading dose on Day 1 followed by 50 mg/m^2 once daily for up to 28 days. On completion of the caspofungin infusion participants received 2-hour intravenous infusion of placebo to liposomal amphotericin B once daily for up to 28 days. Study drug treatment could be for up to 90 days for documented invasive fungal infection.
    Arm type
    Experimental

    Investigational medicinal product name
    Caspofungin
    Investigational medicinal product code
    Other name
    CANCIDAS™, MK-0991
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Solution for infusion
    Routes of administration
    Intravenous use
    Dosage and administration details
    Participants received 1-hour intravenous infusion of caspofungin acetate 70 mg/m^2 as a loading dose on Day 1 followed by 50 mg/m^2 once daily for up to 28 days. Infusion was administered via 1)peripheral line, 2) peripherally inserted central catheter, or 3) other central venous catheter.

    Investigational medicinal product name
    Placebo to Liposomal Amphotericin B
    Investigational medicinal product code
    Other name
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Solution for infusion
    Routes of administration
    Intravenous use
    Dosage and administration details
    On completion of the caspofungin infusion participants received 2-hour intravenous infusion of placebo to liposomal amphotericin B (5% dextrose in water with multivitamin) once daily for up to 28 days. Infusion was administered via 1 ) peripheral line, 2) peripherally inserted central catheter, or 3) other central venous catheter.

    Arm title
    Liposomal Amphotericin B
    Arm description
    Participants received 1-hour intravenous infusion of placebo to caspofungin once daily for up to 28 days. On completion of the placebo infusion participants received 2-hour intravenous infusion of liposomal amphotericin B 3.0 mg/kg once daily for up to 28 days. Study drug treatment could be for up to 90 days for documented invasive fungal infection.
    Arm type
    Active comparator

    Investigational medicinal product name
    Liposomal Amphotericin B
    Investigational medicinal product code
    Other name
    AmBisome™
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Solution for infusion
    Routes of administration
    Intravenous use
    Dosage and administration details
    On completion of the placebo infusion participants received 2-hour intravenous infusion of liposomal amphotericin B 3.0 mg/kg once daily for up to 28 days. Infusion was administered via 1)peripheral line, 2) peripherally inserted central catheter, or 3) other central venous catheter.

    Investigational medicinal product name
    Placebo to Caspofungin
    Investigational medicinal product code
    Other name
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Solution for infusion
    Routes of administration
    Intravenous use
    Dosage and administration details
    Participants received 1-hour intravenous infusion of placebo to caspofungin (0.9% saline) once daily for up to 28 days. Infusion was administered via 1)peripheral line, 2) peripherally inserted central catheter, or 3) other central venous catheter.

    Number of subjects in period 1
    Caspofungin Liposomal Amphotericin B
    Started
    56
    26
    Completed study therapy
    46 [1]
    19 [2]
    Completed
    56
    25
    Not completed
    0
    1
         Adverse event, serious fatal
    -
    1
    Notes
    [1] - The number of subjects at this milestone seems inconsistent with the number of subjects in the arm. It is expected that the number of subjects will be greater than, or equal to the number that completed, minus those who left.
    Justification: Participants who completed study therapy and continued to follow-up
    [2] - The number of subjects at this milestone seems inconsistent with the number of subjects in the arm. It is expected that the number of subjects will be greater than, or equal to the number that completed, minus those who left.
    Justification: Participants who completed study therapy and continued to follow-up

    Baseline characteristics

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    Baseline characteristics reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Caspofungin
    Reporting group description
    Participants received 1-hour intravenous infusion of caspofungin 70 mg/m^2 as a loading dose on Day 1 followed by 50 mg/m^2 once daily for up to 28 days. On completion of the caspofungin infusion participants received 2-hour intravenous infusion of placebo to liposomal amphotericin B once daily for up to 28 days. Study drug treatment could be for up to 90 days for documented invasive fungal infection.

    Reporting group title
    Liposomal Amphotericin B
    Reporting group description
    Participants received 1-hour intravenous infusion of placebo to caspofungin once daily for up to 28 days. On completion of the placebo infusion participants received 2-hour intravenous infusion of liposomal amphotericin B 3.0 mg/kg once daily for up to 28 days. Study drug treatment could be for up to 90 days for documented invasive fungal infection.

    Reporting group values
    Caspofungin Liposomal Amphotericin B Total
    Number of subjects
    56 26 82
    Age categorical
    Units: Subjects
    Age continuous
    Units: years
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    7.4 ± 4.5 7.4 ± 4.9 -
    Gender categorical
    Units: Subjects
        Female
    21 6 27
        Male
    35 20 55

    End points

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    End points reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Caspofungin
    Reporting group description
    Participants received 1-hour intravenous infusion of caspofungin 70 mg/m^2 as a loading dose on Day 1 followed by 50 mg/m^2 once daily for up to 28 days. On completion of the caspofungin infusion participants received 2-hour intravenous infusion of placebo to liposomal amphotericin B once daily for up to 28 days. Study drug treatment could be for up to 90 days for documented invasive fungal infection.

    Reporting group title
    Liposomal Amphotericin B
    Reporting group description
    Participants received 1-hour intravenous infusion of placebo to caspofungin once daily for up to 28 days. On completion of the placebo infusion participants received 2-hour intravenous infusion of liposomal amphotericin B 3.0 mg/kg once daily for up to 28 days. Study drug treatment could be for up to 90 days for documented invasive fungal infection.

    Primary: Percentage of Participants with One or More Drug-related Adverse Experience

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    End point title
    Percentage of Participants with One or More Drug-related Adverse Experience [1]
    End point description
    An adverse experience is defined as any unfavorable and unintended change in the structure, function, or chemistry of the body temporally associated with the use of the sponsor's product, whether or not considered related to the use of the product. Any worsening of a preexisting condition which is temporally associated with the use of the sponsor's product, is also an adverse experience. Drug-related adverse experiences were those determined by the investigator to be possibly, probably, or definitely drug related. The population included all participants who received at least one dose of active study therapy.
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    Up to 14 days after the end of study therapy
    Notes
    [1] - No statistical analyses have been specified for this primary end point. It is expected there is at least one statistical analysis for each primary end point.
    Justification: No between-group statistical analyses were planned for the study.
    End point values
    Caspofungin Liposomal Amphotericin B
    Number of subjects analysed
    56
    26
    Units: Percentage of participants
    number (not applicable)
        Clinical Adverse Experiences
    48.2
    46.2
        Laboratory Adverse Experiences
    10.7
    19.2
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Percentage of Participants with One or More Drug-related Serious Adverse Experiences

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    End point title
    Percentage of Participants with One or More Drug-related Serious Adverse Experiences
    End point description
    A serious adverse experience is any adverse experience that results in death, is life threatening, results in persistent or significant disability or incapacity, results in or prolongs an existing inpatient hospitalization, is a congenital anomaly or birth defect, is a cancer, or is an overdose. Drug-related adverse experiences were those determined by the investigator to be possibly, probably, or definitely drug related. The population included all participants who received at least one dose of active study therapy.
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Up to 14 days after the last dose of study therapy
    End point values
    Caspofungin Liposomal Amphotericin B
    Number of subjects analysed
    56
    26
    Units: Percentage of participants
    number (not applicable)
        Clinical Adverse Experiences
    1.8
    11.5
        Laboratory Adverse Experiences
    0
    0
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Percentage of Participants Who Discontinued Study Therapy due to a Drug-related Adverse Experience

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    End point title
    Percentage of Participants Who Discontinued Study Therapy due to a Drug-related Adverse Experience
    End point description
    An adverse experience is defined as any unfavorable and unintended change in the structure, function, or chemistry of the body temporally associated with the use of the sponsor's product, whether or not considered related to the use of the product. Any worsening of a preexisting condition which is temporally associated with the use of the sponsor's product, is also an adverse experience. Drug-related adverse experiences were those determined by the investigator to be possibly, probably, or definitely drug related. The population included all participants who received at least one dose of active study therapy.
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Up to the last dose of study therapy
    End point values
    Caspofungin Liposomal Amphotericin B
    Number of subjects analysed
    56
    26
    Units: Percentage of participants
    number (not applicable)
        Clinical Adverse Experiences
    3.6
    11.5
        Laboratory Adverse Experiences
    0
    0
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Percentage of Participants with Favorable Overall Efficacy Outcome

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    End point title
    Percentage of Participants with Favorable Overall Efficacy Outcome
    End point description
    Favorable overall efficacy outcome was defined as meeting each of the following criteria: 1) survival for >=7 days after end of study drug therapy, 2) resolution of fever during the period of neutropenia, 3) for participants with a fungal infection at baseline, successful treatment of the baseline infection, 4) absence of breakthrough fungal infections during administration of study drug or within 7 days after the end of treatment, and 5) absence of premature discontinuation of the study drug because of study-drug-related toxicity or lack of efficacy. The population included participants who received chemotherapy for hematological or solid organ malignancies or hematopoietic stem cell transplant, met the protocol-defined inclusion criteria for fever and neutropenia, and received at least 1 dose of study therapy.
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Up to 7 days after the last dose of study therapy
    End point values
    Caspofungin Liposomal Amphotericin B
    Number of subjects analysed
    56
    25
    Units: Percentage of participants
        number (confidence interval 95%)
    46.4 (33.4 to 59.5)
    32 (13.7 to 50.3)
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Adverse events

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    Adverse events information
    Timeframe for reporting adverse events
    Up to 14 days after the last dose of study drug
    Adverse event reporting additional description
    Although a participant may have had two or more clinical adverse events, the participant is counted only once within a category. The same participant may appear in different categories.
    Assessment type
    Systematic
    Dictionary used for adverse event reporting
    Dictionary name
    MedDRA
    Dictionary version
    9.1
    Reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Caspofungin
    Reporting group description
    Participants received 1-hour intravenous infusion of caspofungin 70 mg/m^2 as a loading dose on Day 1 followed by 50 mg/m^2 once daily for up to 28 days. On completion of the caspofungin infusion participants received 2-hour intravenous infusion of placebo to liposomal amphotericin B once daily for up to 28 days. Study drug treatment could be for up to 90 days for documented invasive fungal infection.

    Reporting group title
    Liposomal Amphotericin B
    Reporting group description
    Participants received 1-hour intravenous infusion of placebo to caspofungin once daily for up to 28 days. On completion of the placebo infusion participants received 2-hour intravenous infusion of liposomal amphotericin B 3.0 mg/kg once daily for up to 28 days. Study drug treatment could be for up to 90 days for documented invasive fungal infection.

    Serious adverse events
    Caspofungin Liposomal Amphotericin B
    Total subjects affected by serious adverse events
         subjects affected / exposed
    11 / 56 (19.64%)
    6 / 26 (23.08%)
         number of deaths (all causes)
    1
    1
         number of deaths resulting from adverse events
    Neoplasms benign, malignant and unspecified (incl cysts and polyps)
    Leukaemia recurrent
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 56 (0.00%)
    1 / 26 (3.85%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Vascular disorders
    Hypotension
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 56 (3.57%)
    0 / 26 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 2
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Hypovolaemic shock
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 56 (0.00%)
    1 / 26 (3.85%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Venoocclusive disease
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 56 (0.00%)
    1 / 26 (3.85%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    General disorders and administration site conditions
    Mucosal inflammation
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 56 (0.00%)
    1 / 26 (3.85%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Pyrexia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 56 (1.79%)
    0 / 26 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Immune system disorders
    Anaphylactic shock
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 56 (0.00%)
    1 / 26 (3.85%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
    Acute respiratory distress syndrome
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 56 (0.00%)
    1 / 26 (3.85%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Dyspnoea
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 56 (0.00%)
    1 / 26 (3.85%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    1 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Laryngospasm
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 56 (0.00%)
    1 / 26 (3.85%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    1 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Pulmonary oedema
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 56 (1.79%)
    0 / 26 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Respiratory failure
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 56 (0.00%)
    1 / 26 (3.85%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Injury, poisoning and procedural complications
    Overdose
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 56 (1.79%)
    0 / 26 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Cardiac disorders
    Tachycardia
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 56 (0.00%)
    1 / 26 (3.85%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    1 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Blood and lymphatic system disorders
    Febrile neutropenia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 56 (1.79%)
    0 / 26 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Gastrointestinal disorders
    Caecitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 56 (0.00%)
    1 / 26 (3.85%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Gastrointestinal haemorrhage
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 56 (0.00%)
    1 / 26 (3.85%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Gastrointestinal toxicity
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 56 (1.79%)
    0 / 26 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Hepatobiliary disorders
    Hyperbilirubinaemia
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 56 (0.00%)
    1 / 26 (3.85%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    1 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders
    Angioedema
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 56 (0.00%)
    1 / 26 (3.85%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    1 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Circumoral oedema
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 56 (0.00%)
    1 / 26 (3.85%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    1 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Infections and infestations
    Bacteraemia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 56 (1.79%)
    0 / 26 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Escherichia sepsis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 56 (1.79%)
    0 / 26 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Gastroenteritis adenovirus
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 56 (1.79%)
    0 / 26 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Pneumonia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 56 (1.79%)
    1 / 26 (3.85%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Pneumonia fungal
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 56 (1.79%)
    0 / 26 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Sepsis
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 56 (0.00%)
    1 / 26 (3.85%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Metabolism and nutrition disorders
    Anorexia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 56 (1.79%)
    0 / 26 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Frequency threshold for reporting non-serious adverse events: 5%
    Non-serious adverse events
    Caspofungin Liposomal Amphotericin B
    Total subjects affected by non serious adverse events
         subjects affected / exposed
    50 / 56 (89.29%)
    21 / 26 (80.77%)
    Vascular disorders
    Flushing
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 56 (7.14%)
    0 / 26 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    5
    0
    Hypertension
         subjects affected / exposed
    5 / 56 (8.93%)
    1 / 26 (3.85%)
         occurrences all number
    5
    1
    Hypotension
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 56 (7.14%)
    2 / 26 (7.69%)
         occurrences all number
    4
    2
    General disorders and administration site conditions
    Chills
         subjects affected / exposed
    7 / 56 (12.50%)
    2 / 26 (7.69%)
         occurrences all number
    7
    2
    Oedema
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 56 (3.57%)
    2 / 26 (7.69%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    2
    Pyrexia
         subjects affected / exposed
    17 / 56 (30.36%)
    6 / 26 (23.08%)
         occurrences all number
    42
    14
    Immune system disorders
    Graft versus host disease
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 56 (3.57%)
    2 / 26 (7.69%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    2
    Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
    Cough
         subjects affected / exposed
    5 / 56 (8.93%)
    2 / 26 (7.69%)
         occurrences all number
    5
    2
    Epistaxis
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 56 (5.36%)
    1 / 26 (3.85%)
         occurrences all number
    3
    1
    Rhinorrhoea
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 56 (5.36%)
    0 / 26 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    3
    0
    Tachypnoea
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 56 (7.14%)
    1 / 26 (3.85%)
         occurrences all number
    4
    1
    Investigations
    Alanine aminotransferase increased
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 56 (5.36%)
    3 / 26 (11.54%)
         occurrences all number
    5
    6
    Aspartate aminotransferase increased
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 56 (1.79%)
    3 / 26 (11.54%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    6
    Blood potassium decreased
         subjects affected / exposed
    5 / 56 (8.93%)
    7 / 26 (26.92%)
         occurrences all number
    5
    8
    Blood potassium increased
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 56 (0.00%)
    2 / 26 (7.69%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    2
    Protein total decreased
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 56 (0.00%)
    2 / 26 (7.69%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    5
    Cardiac disorders
    Tachycardia
         subjects affected / exposed
    6 / 56 (10.71%)
    4 / 26 (15.38%)
         occurrences all number
    6
    4
    Nervous system disorders
    Headache
         subjects affected / exposed
    5 / 56 (8.93%)
    1 / 26 (3.85%)
         occurrences all number
    7
    2
    Blood and lymphatic system disorders
    Anaemia
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 56 (0.00%)
    2 / 26 (7.69%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    2
    Gastrointestinal disorders
    Abdominal distension
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 56 (5.36%)
    1 / 26 (3.85%)
         occurrences all number
    3
    1
    Abdominal pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 56 (3.57%)
    3 / 26 (11.54%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    3
    Diarrhoea
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 56 (7.14%)
    4 / 26 (15.38%)
         occurrences all number
    4
    4
    Nausea
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 56 (3.57%)
    2 / 26 (7.69%)
         occurrences all number
    3
    11
    Vomiting
         subjects affected / exposed
    6 / 56 (10.71%)
    3 / 26 (11.54%)
         occurrences all number
    6
    7
    Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders
    Erythema
         subjects affected / exposed
    5 / 56 (8.93%)
    0 / 26 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    5
    0
    Petechiae
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 56 (7.14%)
    1 / 26 (3.85%)
         occurrences all number
    4
    1
    Pruritus
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 56 (5.36%)
    2 / 26 (7.69%)
         occurrences all number
    4
    2
    Rash
         subjects affected / exposed
    13 / 56 (23.21%)
    2 / 26 (7.69%)
         occurrences all number
    15
    2
    Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders
    Back pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 56 (0.00%)
    2 / 26 (7.69%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    2
    Infections and infestations
    Central line infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    5 / 56 (8.93%)
    0 / 26 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    5
    0
    Metabolism and nutrition disorders
    Hypokalaemia
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 56 (5.36%)
    1 / 26 (3.85%)
         occurrences all number
    3
    1

    More information

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    Substantial protocol amendments (globally)

    Were there any global substantial amendments to the protocol? No

    Interruptions (globally)

    Were there any global interruptions to the trial? No

    Limitations and caveats

    Limitations of the trial such as small numbers of subjects analysed or technical problems leading to unreliable data.
    None reported
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