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    Clinical Trial Results:
    Tolerability and analgesic efficacy of Loxapine in patients with refractory, chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain

    Summary
    EudraCT number
    2014-005440-17
    Trial protocol
    DE  
    Global end of trial date
    12 Jul 2017

    Results information
    Results version number
    v1(current)
    This version publication date
    17 Jul 2022
    First version publication date
    17 Jul 2022
    Other versions
    Summary report(s)
    Publication_Loxapin_Front_Pharmacol_10:838

    Trial information

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    Trial identification
    Sponsor protocol code
    LOX_2015_PILOT
    Additional study identifiers
    ISRCTN number
    -
    US NCT number
    NCT02820519
    WHO universal trial number (UTN)
    -
    Sponsors
    Sponsor organisation name
    Witten/Herdecke University
    Sponsor organisation address
    Alfred-Herrhausen-Straße 50, Witten, Germany,
    Public contact
    Philipp Klee-Institut, HELIOS Klinikum Wuppertal, Klinikum der Privaten Universität Witten/Herdecke, 0049 2028961854, zks@uni-wh.de
    Scientific contact
    Philipp Klee-Institut, HELIOS Klinikum Wuppertal, Klinikum der Privaten Universität Witten/Herdecke, 0049 2028961854, wup-aerzte-pharmakologie@helios-kliniken.de
    Paediatric regulatory details
    Is trial part of an agreed paediatric investigation plan (PIP)
    No
    Does article 45 of REGULATION (EC) No 1901/2006 apply to this trial?
    No
    Does article 46 of REGULATION (EC) No 1901/2006 apply to this trial?
    No
    Results analysis stage
    Analysis stage
    Final
    Date of interim/final analysis
    10 Jul 2018
    Is this the analysis of the primary completion data?
    Yes
    Primary completion date
    04 May 2017
    Global end of trial reached?
    Yes
    Global end of trial date
    12 Jul 2017
    Was the trial ended prematurely?
    Yes
    General information about the trial
    Main objective of the trial
    Tolerability of Loxapine in patients with chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain
    Protection of trial subjects
    The study was approved by an independent ethics committee (Witten/Herdecke University; F-183/2014). The study was conducted in conformity with the ethical standards according to the Declaration of Helsinki and Good Clinical Practice guidelines. This pilot study was primarily designed as a safety study evaluating the tolerability of loxapine in non-psychiatric patients. In case of an acceptable tolerability and if a clinically relevant analgesic efficacy was not reached, loxapine dosage was increased (second episode: 10 mg t.i.d., third episode: 20 mg b.i.d., fourth episode: 20 mg t.i.d). In case of an acceptable tolerability and if a clinically relevant analgesic efficacy was achieved, the dosage of loxapine was not changed. In case of clinically relevant (serious) adverse events [(S)AEs], loxapine dosage was reduced or the treatment was interrupted or stopped (irrespective of the analgesic efficacy).After the first IMP intake, a daily assessment of neuropathic pain using the 11-point NRS, of adverse events, and of analgesic co-medication were conducted by the patients and documented in a diary.
    Background therapy
    -
    Evidence for comparator
    -
    Actual start date of recruitment
    07 Jun 2016
    Long term follow-up planned
    No
    Independent data monitoring committee (IDMC) involvement?
    No
    Population of trial subjects
    Number of subjects enrolled per country
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Germany: 4
    Worldwide total number of subjects
    4
    EEA total number of subjects
    4
    Number of subjects enrolled per age group
    In utero
    0
    Preterm newborn - gestational age < 37 wk
    0
    Newborns (0-27 days)
    0
    Infants and toddlers (28 days-23 months)
    0
    Children (2-11 years)
    0
    Adolescents (12-17 years)
    0
    Adults (18-64 years)
    1
    From 65 to 84 years
    3
    85 years and over
    0

    Subject disposition

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    Recruitment
    Recruitment details
    -

    Pre-assignment
    Screening details
    6 patients were screened of which 4 were enrolled and 2 were not enrolled. Of the patients not enrolled 1 did not meet the inclusion criteria and 1 met the exclusion criteria.

    Period 1
    Period 1 title
    Overall trial (overall period)
    Is this the baseline period?
    Yes
    Allocation method
    Not applicable
    Blinding used
    Not blinded

    Arms
    Arm title
    Loxapin
    Arm description
    Dose escalation of loxapine
    Arm type
    Experimental

    Investigational medicinal product name
    Loxapine
    Investigational medicinal product code
    Other name
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Capsule
    Routes of administration
    Oral use
    Dosage and administration details
    10mg loxapine twice daily for the first treatment episode (days 1-14), in case of acceptable tolerability and clinically relevant analgesic efficacy the dosage was not changed, in case of acceptable tolerability and no clinically relevant analgeisc efficacy the dose was increased (second episode 10mg thrice daily, third episode 20mg twice daily, fourth episode 20mg twice daily)

    Number of subjects in period 1
    Loxapin
    Started
    4
    Completed
    2
    Not completed
    2
         Adverse event, non-fatal
    2

    Baseline characteristics

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    Baseline characteristics reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Overall trial
    Reporting group description
    -

    Reporting group values
    Overall trial Total
    Number of subjects
    4 4
    Age categorical
    Units: Subjects
        In utero
    0 0
        Preterm newborn infants (gestational age < 37 wks)
    0 0
        Newborns (0-27 days)
    0 0
        Infants and toddlers (28 days-23 months)
    0 0
        Children (2-11 years)
    0 0
        Adolescents (12-17 years)
    0 0
        Adults (18-64 years)
    1 1
        From 65-84 years
    3 3
        85 years and over
    0 0
    Gender categorical
    Units: Subjects
        Female
    1 1
        Male
    3 3
    Subject analysis sets

    Subject analysis set title
    Loxapine
    Subject analysis set type
    Full analysis
    Subject analysis set description
    All enrolled patients treated with loxapine

    Subject analysis sets values
    Loxapine
    Number of subjects
    4
    Age categorical
    Units: Subjects
        In utero
    0
        Preterm newborn infants (gestational age < 37 wks)
    0
        Newborns (0-27 days)
    0
        Infants and toddlers (28 days-23 months)
    0
        Children (2-11 years)
    0
        Adolescents (12-17 years)
    0
        Adults (18-64 years)
    1
        From 65-84 years
    3
        85 years and over
    0
    Age continuous
    Units:
        
    ±
    Gender categorical
    Units: Subjects
        Female
    1
        Male
    3

    End points

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    End points reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Loxapin
    Reporting group description
    Dose escalation of loxapine

    Subject analysis set title
    Loxapine
    Subject analysis set type
    Full analysis
    Subject analysis set description
    All enrolled patients treated with loxapine

    Primary: First occurence of (serious) adverse event

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    End point title
    First occurence of (serious) adverse event [1]
    End point description
    First occurence of (serious) adverse event leading to dose reduction or withdrawal. However, due to the study ending prematurely and the low number of patients enrolled no statistical analysis was possible.
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    During treatment with loxapine (8 weeks treatment duration)
    Notes
    [1] - No statistical analyses have been specified for this primary end point. It is expected there is at least one statistical analysis for each primary end point.
    Justification: This pilot study was primarily designed as a safety study evaluating the tolerability of loxapine in non-psychiatric patients. Hence, the primary endpoint was initially defined as the first occurrence of a (serious) adverse event leading to dose reduction or withdrawal of loxapine (“event”). However, the planned statistical analysis was not feasible due to the premature termination of the study and small number of subjects enrolled. Therefore, purely descriptive analysis was conducted.
    End point values
    Loxapin Loxapine
    Number of subjects analysed
    4
    4
    Units: events
    4
    4
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Adverse events

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    Adverse events information
    Timeframe for reporting adverse events
    Whole study period (from screening visit to follow up visit)
    Assessment type
    Systematic
    Dictionary used for adverse event reporting
    Dictionary name
    MedDRA
    Dictionary version
    19.0
    Reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Loxapin
    Reporting group description
    -

    Serious adverse events
    Loxapin
    Total subjects affected by serious adverse events
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 4 (0.00%)
         number of deaths (all causes)
    0
         number of deaths resulting from adverse events
    0
    Frequency threshold for reporting non-serious adverse events: 0%
    Non-serious adverse events
    Loxapin
    Total subjects affected by non serious adverse events
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 4 (100.00%)
    Vascular disorders
    Hypertension
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4 (25.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Nervous system disorders
    Burning sensation
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4 (25.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Allodynia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4 (25.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Somnolence
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 4 (100.00%)
         occurrences all number
    5
    Muscle rigidity
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4 (25.00%)
         occurrences all number
    3
    Akathisia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4 (25.00%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    Bradykinesia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4 (25.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Parkinsonian gait
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 4 (50.00%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    Tremor
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 4 (50.00%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    Oromandibular dystonia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4 (25.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Trismus
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4 (25.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Memory impairment
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4 (25.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Dizziness
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4 (25.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Restlessness
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4 (25.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    General disorders and administration site conditions
    Fatigue
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4 (25.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Eye disorders
    Vision blurred
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4 (25.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Gastrointestinal disorders
    Nausea
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4 (25.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
    Pleural mesothelioma malignant recurrent
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4 (25.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders
    Pruritus
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4 (25.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Renal and urinary disorders
    Urinary retention
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4 (25.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Psychiatric disorders
    Decreased activity
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4 (25.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Agitation
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4 (25.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Fear
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4 (25.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Initial insomnia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4 (25.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders
    Spinal pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4 (25.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    Arthralgia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 4 (25.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1

    More information

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    Substantial protocol amendments (globally)

    Were there any global substantial amendments to the protocol? No

    Interruptions (globally)

    Were there any global interruptions to the trial? Yes
    Date
    Interruption
    Restart date
    12 Jul 2017
    After enrolling four subjects, the study was prematurely terminated due to a high number of (non-serious) drug-related adverse events and a negative risk–benefit evaluation.
    -

    Limitations and caveats

    Limitations of the trial such as small numbers of subjects analysed or technical problems leading to unreliable data.
    None reported
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    The status and protocol content of GB trials is no longer updated since 1 January 2021. For the UK, as of 31 January 2021, EU Law applies only to the territory of Northern Ireland (NI) to the extent foreseen in the Protocol on Ireland/NI. Legal notice
    As of 31 January 2023, all EU/EEA initial clinical trial applications must be submitted through CTIS . Updated EudraCT trials information and information on PIP/Art 46 trials conducted exclusively in third countries continues to be submitted through EudraCT and published on this website.

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