E.1 Medical condition or disease under investigation |
E.1.1 | Medical condition(s) being investigated |
•Childhood Solid Neoplasm
•Recurrent Childhood Rhabdomyosarcoma
•Recurrent Ewing Sarcoma/Peripheral Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor
•Recurrent Neuroblastoma
•Recurrent Osteosarcoma
•Recurrent Hodgkin Lymphoma
•Recurrent Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma |
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E.1.1.1 | Medical condition in easily understood language |
Recurrent or Refractory Solid Tumors or Sarcomas
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E.1.1.2 | Therapeutic area | Diseases [C] - Cancer [C04] |
MedDRA Classification |
E.1.2 Medical condition or disease under investigation |
E.1.2 | Version | 17.1 |
E.1.2 | Level | PT |
E.1.2 | Classification code | 10031296 |
E.1.2 | Term | Osteosarcoma recurrent |
E.1.2 | System Organ Class | 10029104 - Neoplasms benign, malignant and unspecified (incl cysts and polyps) |
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E.1.2 Medical condition or disease under investigation |
E.1.2 | Version | 17.1 |
E.1.2 | Level | HLGT |
E.1.2 | Classification code | 10025319 |
E.1.2 | Term | Lymphomas Hodgkin's disease |
E.1.2 | System Organ Class | 10005329 - Blood and lymphatic system disorders |
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E.1.2 Medical condition or disease under investigation |
E.1.2 | Version | 17.1 |
E.1.2 | Level | PT |
E.1.2 | Classification code | 10029600 |
E.1.2 | Term | Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma recurrent |
E.1.2 | System Organ Class | 10029104 - Neoplasms benign, malignant and unspecified (incl cysts and polyps) |
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E.1.2 Medical condition or disease under investigation |
E.1.2 | Version | 17.1 |
E.1.2 | Level | PT |
E.1.2 | Classification code | 10066595 |
E.1.2 | Term | Neuroblastoma recurrent |
E.1.2 | System Organ Class | 10029104 - Neoplasms benign, malignant and unspecified (incl cysts and polyps) |
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E.1.2 Medical condition or disease under investigation |
E.1.2 | Version | 17.1 |
E.1.2 | Level | PT |
E.1.2 | Classification code | 10015564 |
E.1.2 | Term | Ewing's sarcoma recurrent |
E.1.2 | System Organ Class | 10029104 - Neoplasms benign, malignant and unspecified (incl cysts and polyps) |
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E.1.2 Medical condition or disease under investigation |
E.1.2 | Version | 17.1 |
E.1.2 | Level | PT |
E.1.2 | Classification code | 10039027 |
E.1.2 | Term | Rhabdomyosarcoma recurrent |
E.1.2 | System Organ Class | 10029104 - Neoplasms benign, malignant and unspecified (incl cysts and polyps) |
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E.1.3 | Condition being studied is a rare disease | Yes |
E.2 Objective of the trial |
E.2.1 | Main objective of the trial |
I. Determine the tolerability, and define and describe the toxicities of nivolumab administered as a single agent in children with relapsed or refractory solid tumors at the adult recommended dose of 3 mg/kg.
II. Determine if systemic nivolumab exposure in children is similar to the systemic exposure in adults following a 3 mg/kg dose.
III. Determine the recommended phase II dose (RP2D) and define and describe the toxicities of nivolumab plus ipilimumab administered to children with relapsed or refractory solid tumors.
IV. Assess antitumor effects of nivolumab across selected childhood solid tumors in four expansion cohorts; neuroblastoma, osteosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma. |
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E.2.2 | Secondary objectives of the trial |
I. Conduct exploratory studies of the phenotypic and functional effects of nivolumab on circulating lymphocyte and mononuclear myeloid derived suppressor populations.
II. Explore whether correlations exist between programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression on tumor and antitumor effects of nivolumab in pediatric solid tumors. |
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E.2.3 | Trial contains a sub-study | No |
E.3 | Principal inclusion criteria |
•Parts A & C: patients must be >= 12 months and =< 18 years of age at the time of study enrollment
•Part B: patients must be >= 12 months and =< 30 years of age at the time of enrollment
•Patients must have had histologic verification of malignancy at original diagnosis or relapse
◦Parts A & C: patients with recurrent or refractory solid tumors, without central nervous system (CNS) tumors or known CNS metastases, are eligible; note: CNS imaging for patients without a known history of CNS disease is only required if clinically indicated
◦Part B1: patients with relapsed or refractory neuroblastoma
◦Part B2: patients with relapsed or refractory osteosarcoma
◦Part B3: Patients with relapsed or refractory rhabdomyosarcoma
◦Part B4: Patients with relapsed or refractory Ewing sarcoma or peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET)
■If Part B is open while Part C is enrolling, eligible patients will preferentially enroll on Part B
•Parts A & C: patients must have either measurable or evaluable disease
•Part B: patients must have measurable disease
•Patient's current disease state must be one for which there is no known curative therapy or therapy proven to prolong survival with an acceptable quality of life
•Karnofsky >= 50% for patients > 16 years of age and Lansky >= 60 for patients =< 16 years of age; patients who are unable to walk because of paralysis, but who are up in a wheelchair, will be considered ambulatory for the purpose of assessing the performance score
•Patients must have fully recovered from the acute toxic effects of all prior anti-cancer chemotherapy
•At least 21 days after the last dose of myelosuppressive chemotherapy (42 days if prior nitrosourea)
•At least 14 days after the last dose of a long-acting growth factor (e.g. Neulasta) or 7 days for short-acting growth factor; for agents that have known adverse events occurring beyond 7 days after administration, this period must be extended beyond the time during which adverse events are known to occur; the duration of this interval must be discussed with the Study Chair
•At least 7 days after the last dose of a biologic agent; for agents that have known adverse events occurring beyond 7 days after administration, this period must be extended beyond the time during which adverse events are known to occur; the duration of this interval must be discussed with the Study Chair
•At least 42 days after the completion of any type of immunotherapy, e.g. tumor vaccines
•At least 3 half-lives of the antibody after the last dose of a monoclonal antibody
•At least 14 days after local palliative external beam radiation therapy (XRT) (small port); at least 150 days must have elapsed if prior total-body irradiation (TBI), craniospinal XRT or if >= 50% radiation of pelvis; at least 42 days must have elapsed if other substantial bone marrow (BM) radiation
•For patients with solid tumors without known bone marrow involvement:
•No evidence of active graft vs. host disease and at least 56 days must have elapsed after transplant or stem cell infusion; patients with prior allogeneic transplants are not eligible
•Peripheral absolute neutrophil count (ANC) >= 750/mm^3
•Platelet count >= 75,000/mm^3 (transfusion independent, defined as not receiving platelet transfusions for at least 7 days prior to enrollment)
•Patients with known bone marrow metastatic disease will be eligible for study provided they meet the blood counts above (may receive transfusions provided they are not known to be refractory to red cell or platelet transfusions); these patients will not be evaluable for hematologic toxicity; at least 5 of every cohort of 6 patients with a solid tumor must be evaluable for hematologic toxicity, for Parts A and C; if dose-limiting hematologic toxicity is observed on either Part A or C, all subsequent patients enrolled must be evaluable for hematologic toxicity on that Part
•Creatinine clearance or radioisotope glomerular filtration rate (GFR) >= 70 ml/min/1.73 m^2 or a serum creatinine based on age/gender as follows:
◦Age 1 to < 2 years: maximum serum creatinine (mg/dL) 0.6 for males and females
◦Age 2 to < 6 years: 0.8 for males and females
◦Age 6 to < 10 years: 1 for males and females
◦Age 10 to < 13 years: 1.2 for males and females
◦Age 13 to < 16 years: 1.5 for males and 1.4 for females
◦Age >= 16 years: 1.7 for males and 1.4 for females
•Bilirubin (sum of conjugated + unconjugated) =< 1.5 X upper limit of normal (ULN) for age
•Serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) (alanine aminotransferase [ALT]) =< 110 U/L; for the purpose of this study, the upper limit of normal (ULN) for SGPT is 45 U/L
•All patients and/or their parents or legally authorized representatives must sign a written informed consent; assent, when appropriate, will be obtained according to institutional guidelines
•Tissue blocks or slides must be sent; if tissue blocks or slides are unavailable, the study chair must be notified prior to enrollment |
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E.4 | Principal exclusion criteria |
•Pregnant or breast-feeding women will not be entered on this study; pregnancy tests must be obtained in girls who are post-menarchal; females of childbearing potential must be willing to adhere to effective contraception during and for 23 weeks after the last dose of nivolumab; males who are sexually active with women of childbearing potential must be willing to adhere to effective contraception during and for 31 weeks after the last dose of nivolumab
•Patients requiring daily systemic corticosteroids are not eligible; patients must not have received systemic corticosteroids within 7 days of enrollment on study
•Patients who are currently receiving another investigational drug are not eligible
•Patients who are currently receiving other anti-cancer agents are not eligible
•Patients with CNS tumors or known CNS metastases will be excluded from this trial
•Patients with a history of any grade autoimmune disorder are not eligible; asymptomatic laboratory abnormalities (e.g. antinuclear antibody [ANA], rheumatoid factor, altered thyroid function studies) will not render a patient ineligible in the absence of a diagnosis of an autoimmune disorder
•Patients with >= grade 2 hypothyroidism due to history of autoimmunity are not eligible; note: hypothyroidism due to previous irradiation on thyroidectomy will not impact eligibility
•Patients who have an uncontrolled infection are not eligible
•Patients with known human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or hepatitis B or C are excluded
•Patients who have received prior solid organ transplantation are not eligible
•Patients who in the opinion of the investigator may not be able to comply with the safety monitoring requirements of the study are not eligible
•Patients who have received prior anti-PD1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapy are not eligible |
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E.5 End points |
E.5.1 | Primary end point(s) |
•Maximum tolerated dose of nivolumab, defined as the maximum dose at which fewer than one-third of patients experience dose limiting toxicity (Phase I) [ Time Frame: 28 days ]
•Response rate of nivolumab, defined as either complete response (CR), partial response (PR), stable disease, or progressive disease, according to the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (Part B) [ Time Frame: Up to 2 years ] Response rates will be calculated as the percent of patients whose best response is a CR or PR and confidence intervals will be constructed according to the method of Chang. Will be reported descriptively.
•RP2D of nivolumab plus ipilimumab (Part C) [ Time Frame: Up to 30 days ] A descriptive summary of all toxicities will be reported. |
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E.5.1.1 | Timepoint(s) of evaluation of this end point |
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E.5.2 | Secondary end point(s) |
•Pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters of nivolumab [ Time Frame: Days 1, 2, 4, 8, and 15 of course 1, days 1, 2, 4, and 8 of course 2, and day 1 of course 4 (Parts A & B); within 30 min prior to start of nivolumab infusion and immediately prior to ipilimumab on day 1 of courses 1-4 (Part C) ] The PK parameters will be summarized with simple summary statistics, including means, medians, ranges, and standard deviations (if numbers and distribution permit).
•Pharmacodynamic analysis, as determined by degree of PD1 occupancy rate on peripheral blood T cells [ Time Frame: Days 1, 2, 4, 8, and 15 of course 1 ] Evaluated pre- and post-therapy using flow cytometry. Human anti-human antibody analyses will be measured by Bristol-Myers-Squibb.
•PD-L1 expression [ Time Frame: Baseline ] Analyzed in an exploratory fashion, both using a binary scale (> 5% or < 5% of tumor tissue) and using a continuous scale to evaluate whether there are correlations between PD-L1 expression and antitumor effects. |
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E.5.2.1 | Timepoint(s) of evaluation of this end point |
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E.6 and E.7 Scope of the trial |
E.6 | Scope of the trial |
E.6.1 | Diagnosis | No |
E.6.2 | Prophylaxis | No |
E.6.3 | Therapy | Yes |
E.6.4 | Safety | Yes |
E.6.5 | Efficacy | Yes |
E.6.6 | Pharmacokinetic | Yes |
E.6.7 | Pharmacodynamic | Yes |
E.6.8 | Bioequivalence | No |
E.6.9 | Dose response | No |
E.6.10 | Pharmacogenetic | No |
E.6.11 | Pharmacogenomic | No |
E.6.12 | Pharmacoeconomic | No |
E.6.13 | Others | No |
E.7 | Trial type and phase |
E.7.1 | Human pharmacology (Phase I) | Yes |
E.7.1.1 | First administration to humans | No |
E.7.1.2 | Bioequivalence study | No |
E.7.1.3 | Other | Yes |
E.7.1.3.1 | Other trial type description |
recommend dose for phase 2 |
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E.7.2 | Therapeutic exploratory (Phase II) | Yes |
E.7.3 | Therapeutic confirmatory (Phase III) | No |
E.7.4 | Therapeutic use (Phase IV) | No |
E.8 Design of the trial |
E.8.1 | Controlled | No |
E.8.1.1 | Randomised | No |
E.8.1.2 | Open | Yes |
E.8.1.3 | Single blind | No |
E.8.1.4 | Double blind | No |
E.8.1.5 | Parallel group | No |
E.8.1.6 | Cross over | No |
E.8.1.7 | Other | No |
E.8.2 | Comparator of controlled trial |
E.8.2.1 | Other medicinal product(s) | No |
E.8.2.2 | Placebo | No |
E.8.2.3 | Other | No |
E.8.2.4 | Number of treatment arms in the trial | 3 |
E.8.3 |
Will this trial be conducted at a single site globally?
| No |
E.8.4 | Will this trial be conducted at multiple sites globally? | Yes |
E.8.6 Trial involving sites outside the EEA |
E.8.6.2 | Trial being conducted completely outside of the EEA | No |
E.8.6.3 | Specify the countries outside of the EEA in which trial sites are planned |
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E.8.7 | Trial has a data monitoring committee | No |
E.8.8 |
Definition of the end of the trial and justification where it is not the last
visit of the last subject undergoing the trial
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E.8.9 Initial estimate of the duration of the trial |
E.8.9.2 | In all countries concerned by the trial years | 4 |