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    Clinical Trial Results:
    A multi-centre, randomised, double blind, placebo-controlled trial evaluating the effects of early administration of fibrinogen concentrate in adults with major traumatic haemorrhage. E-FIT 1 Study

    Summary
    EudraCT number
    2015-000875-28
    Trial protocol
    GB  
    Global end of trial date
    15 Dec 2016

    Results information
    Results version number
    v1(current)
    This version publication date
    25 Mar 2020
    First version publication date
    25 Mar 2020
    Other versions
    Summary report(s)
    Published paper

    Trial information

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    Trial identification
    Sponsor protocol code
    2.0 28/10/2015
    Additional study identifiers
    ISRCTN number
    ISRCTN67540073
    US NCT number
    -
    WHO universal trial number (UTN)
    -
    Sponsors
    Sponsor organisation name
    NHS Blood & Transplant
    Sponsor organisation address
    Long Road, Cambridge, United Kingdom, cb20pt
    Public contact
    Claire Foley, NHS Blood and Transplant, +44 1223588110, claire.foley@nhsbt.nhs.uk
    Scientific contact
    Claire Foley, NHS Blood and Transplant, +44 01223588110, claire.foley@nhsbt.nhs.uk
    Paediatric regulatory details
    Is trial part of an agreed paediatric investigation plan (PIP)
    No
    Does article 45 of REGULATION (EC) No 1901/2006 apply to this trial?
    No
    Does article 46 of REGULATION (EC) No 1901/2006 apply to this trial?
    No
    Results analysis stage
    Analysis stage
    Final
    Date of interim/final analysis
    19 Dec 2017
    Is this the analysis of the primary completion data?
    No
    Global end of trial reached?
    Yes
    Global end of trial date
    15 Dec 2016
    Was the trial ended prematurely?
    No
    General information about the trial
    Main objective of the trial
    This study will investigate the following: • feasibility of administration FgC within 45 minutes of admission to ED, where the aim will be to administer the FgC at the earliest possible time • effects of early FgC supplementation on laboratory biomarkers during major traumatic haemorrhage
    Protection of trial subjects
    Participants screened and enrolled to the EFIT study, were incapacitated at the point of study entry due to the nature of their traumatic injuries. Participants were therefore incapable of giving consent at the point of study entry. Patients were enrolled to the study using an emergency waiver due to the emergency nature of the trial, with subsequent assent sought from a patient/professional legal representative and/or full informed consent obtained when capacity was re-gained. The process for consent was approved by an approved Research Ethics Committee in the UK.
    Background therapy
    Trauma patients who present to hospital with major haemorrhage are treated using an integrated approach known as damage control resuscitation (DCR). This focuses on 1)diagnostic and treatment pathways aimed at identifying and stopping on-going bleeding e.g. emergency surgery or interventional radiology and 2) best supportive care, known as haemostatic resuscitation (HR) which includes blood transfusion (using major haemorrhage protocols (MHP), reversal of blood acidosis and active re-warming of patients. HR is defined by the early (empiric) and simultaneous delivery of RBCs and FFP with platelets in high ratios and in conjunction with Tranexamic acid.
    Evidence for comparator
    The comparator arm involved IV administration of a matching placebo - 300ml isotonic saline.
    Actual start date of recruitment
    01 Oct 2015
    Long term follow-up planned
    No
    Independent data monitoring committee (IDMC) involvement?
    Yes
    Population of trial subjects
    Number of subjects enrolled per country
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    United Kingdom: 48
    Worldwide total number of subjects
    48
    EEA total number of subjects
    48
    Number of subjects enrolled per age group
    In utero
    0
    Preterm newborn - gestational age < 37 wk
    0
    Newborns (0-27 days)
    0
    Infants and toddlers (28 days-23 months)
    0
    Children (2-11 years)
    0
    Adolescents (12-17 years)
    0
    Adults (18-64 years)
    48
    From 65 to 84 years
    0
    85 years and over
    0

    Subject disposition

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    Recruitment
    Recruitment details
    Recruitment commenced (FPFV): 20/02/2016 Recruitment completed (LP recruited): 18/11/2016 UK only

    Pre-assignment
    Screening details
    166 patients were screened for eligibility against the inclusion/exclusion criteria. 88 were classed as not eligible. 78 were considered eligible, of which 30 were not randomised (due to other factors). 48 participants were randomised. See attached paper for further details.

    Period 1
    Period 1 title
    Overall Trial (overall period)
    Is this the baseline period?
    Yes
    Allocation method
    Randomised - controlled
    Blinding used
    Double blind
    Roles blinded
    Subject, Investigator, Monitor, Assessor
    Blinding implementation details
    Blinded study kits using unique identifier and blinded administration kits.

    Arms
    Are arms mutually exclusive
    Yes

    Arm title
    Intervention
    Arm description
    Receipt of IMP
    Arm type
    Experimental

    Investigational medicinal product name
    RiaSTAP
    Investigational medicinal product code
    B02BB01
    Other name
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Powder for solution for injection/infusion
    Routes of administration
    Intravenous use
    Dosage and administration details
    6g in total

    Arm title
    Placebo
    Arm description
    placebo arm - IV administration of solution for injection
    Arm type
    Placebo

    Investigational medicinal product name
    Placebo
    Investigational medicinal product code
    Other name
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Solution for infusion
    Routes of administration
    Intravenous use
    Dosage and administration details
    Placebo (normal saline - sodium chloride 0.9%w/v). Placebo will be 50 mL normal saline for each 1g fibrinogen concentrate and will be infused as a slow bolus over 5 minutes.

    Number of subjects in period 1
    Intervention Placebo
    Started
    24
    24
    Completed
    20
    19
    Not completed
    4
    5
         Physician decision
    4
    5

    Baseline characteristics

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    Baseline characteristics reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Intervention
    Reporting group description
    Receipt of IMP

    Reporting group title
    Placebo
    Reporting group description
    placebo arm - IV administration of solution for injection

    Reporting group values
    Intervention Placebo Total
    Number of subjects
    24 24 48
    Age categorical
    Units: Subjects
        In utero
    0 0 0
        Preterm newborn infants (gestational age < 37 wks)
    0 0 0
        Newborns (0-27 days)
    0 0 0
        Infants and toddlers (28 days-23 months)
    0 0 0
        Children (2-11 years)
    0 0 0
        Adolescents (12-17 years)
    0 0 0
        Adults (18-64 years)
    24 24 48
        From 65-84 years
    0 0 0
        85 years and over
    0 0 0
    Age continuous
    median age
    Units: years
        median (inter-quartile range (Q1-Q3))
    38 (31 to 47) 36 (22 to 56) -
    Gender categorical
    Units: Subjects
        Female
    4 5 9
        Male
    20 19 39

    End points

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    End points reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Intervention
    Reporting group description
    Receipt of IMP

    Reporting group title
    Placebo
    Reporting group description
    placebo arm - IV administration of solution for injection

    Primary: Feasibility - primary outcome 1

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    End point title
    Feasibility - primary outcome 1
    End point description
    Proportion of participants who received the study intervention within 45 minutes of admission
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    Within 45 minutes from admission
    End point values
    Intervention Placebo
    Number of subjects analysed
    24
    24
    Units: subjects
    20
    19
    Statistical analysis title
    Feasibility - Primary outcome 1
    Statistical analysis description
    The feasibility of administering an intervention within 45 minutes of admission will be assessed for all participants. For the trial to be considered feasible, at least 90% of the participants must achieve this target.
    Comparison groups
    Intervention v Placebo
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    48
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    other [1]
    Method
    Parameter type
    proportion (%)
    Point estimate
    69
    Confidence interval
         level
    95%
         sides
    2-sided
         lower limit
    52
         upper limit
    83
    Notes
    [1] - Feasibility - intention to treat

    Primary: Feasibility - primary outcome 2

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    End point title
    Feasibility - primary outcome 2
    End point description
    Proportion of participants with at least one Clauss fibrinogen level ≥ 2 g/L, at 2 hours from admission, during first active haemorrhage
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    2 hours from admission, during first active haemorrhage
    End point values
    Intervention Placebo
    Number of subjects analysed
    24
    24
    Units: subjects
    20
    17
    Statistical analysis title
    Feasibility - Primary outcome 2
    Statistical analysis description
    The proportion (and exact Binomial 95% confidence interval) of participants with at least one Fg blood level ≥ 2 g/L, at 2 hours from admission, during first active haemorrhage will be calculated overall and for each treatment arm. Fisher’s exact test will be used to examine if the proportion of participants with at least one Fg blood level ≥ 2 g/L during first active haemorrhage is significantly different between the two treatment arms.
    Comparison groups
    Intervention v Placebo
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    48
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    other
    P-value
    = 0.1014
    Method
    Fisher exact
    Parameter type
    Proportion
    Point estimate
    62
    Confidence interval
         level
    95%
         sides
    2-sided
         lower limit
    45
         upper limit
    78

    Adverse events

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    Adverse events information [1]
    Timeframe for reporting adverse events
    15th October 2015- 15th December 2016
    Adverse event reporting additional description
    Site reported SAEs
    Assessment type
    Systematic
    Dictionary used for adverse event reporting
    Dictionary name
    MedDRA
    Dictionary version
    22
    Reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Active arm
    Reporting group description
    SAEs reported for all participants in the treatment arm

    Reporting group title
    Placebo group
    Reporting group description
    SAEs reported for participants in the placebo group

    Notes
    [1] - There are no non-serious adverse events recorded for these results. It is expected that there will be at least one non-serious adverse event reported.
    Justification: Total number of subject reporting at least one AE in the treatment arm: 12 Total number of subject reporting at least one AE in the placebo arm: 11
    Serious adverse events
    Active arm Placebo group
    Total subjects affected by serious adverse events
         subjects affected / exposed
    13 / 20 (65.00%)
    11 / 19 (57.89%)
         number of deaths (all causes)
    8
    3
         number of deaths resulting from adverse events
    8
    3
    Injury, poisoning and procedural complications
    surgical emphysema
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 20 (5.00%)
    0 / 19 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Vascular disorders
    Ischaemia
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 20 (0.00%)
    1 / 19 (5.26%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Haemorrhage
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 20 (0.00%)
    3 / 19 (15.79%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 3
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    uncontrolled haemorrhage
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 20 (10.00%)
    0 / 19 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
    0 / 0
    Cardiac disorders
    Atrial fibrillation
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 20 (0.00%)
    1 / 19 (5.26%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Cardiac arrest
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 20 (5.00%)
    1 / 19 (5.26%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 1
    Cardiac contusion
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 20 (0.00%)
    1 / 19 (5.26%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Pulseless electrical activity
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 20 (0.00%)
    1 / 19 (5.26%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Supraventricular tachycardia
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 20 (0.00%)
    1 / 19 (5.26%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Ventricular tachycardia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 20 (5.00%)
    0 / 19 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Nervous system disorders
    Intracranial pressure increased
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 20 (10.00%)
    0 / 19 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    Ischaemic stroke
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 20 (5.00%)
    1 / 19 (5.26%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 1
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    General disorders and administration site conditions
    Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 20 (20.00%)
    1 / 19 (5.26%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 4
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 4
    0 / 1
    Blood and lymphatic system disorders
    Neutropenia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 20 (5.00%)
    0 / 19 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Gastrointestinal disorders
    Abdominal injury
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 20 (0.00%)
    1 / 19 (5.26%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Abdominal sepsis
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 20 (0.00%)
    1 / 19 (5.26%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
    Acute respiratory distress syndrome
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 20 (5.00%)
    0 / 19 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Pulmonary embolism
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 20 (10.00%)
    0 / 19 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    2 / 2
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Tension pneumothorax
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 20 (5.00%)
    0 / 19 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Ventilator associated pneumonia
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 20 (0.00%)
    2 / 19 (10.53%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Pneumonia
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 20 (0.00%)
    1 / 19 (5.26%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Renal and urinary disorders
    Acute kidney injury
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 20 (20.00%)
    1 / 19 (5.26%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 4
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    Psychiatric disorders
    Delirium
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 20 (0.00%)
    1 / 19 (5.26%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders
    Compartment syndrome
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 20 (15.00%)
    1 / 19 (5.26%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 3
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Rhabdomyolysis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 20 (5.00%)
    0 / 19 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Infections and infestations
    Sepsis
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 20 (20.00%)
    2 / 19 (10.53%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 4
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    Frequency threshold for reporting non-serious adverse events: 5%
    Non-serious adverse events
    Active arm Placebo group
    Total subjects affected by non serious adverse events
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 20 (0.00%)
    0 / 19 (0.00%)

    More information

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    Substantial protocol amendments (globally)

    Were there any global substantial amendments to the protocol? Yes
    Date
    Amendment
    28 Oct 2015
    Updates to Protocol - approved by Research Ethics Committee.

    Interruptions (globally)

    Were there any global interruptions to the trial? No

    Limitations and caveats

    Limitations of the trial such as small numbers of subjects analysed or technical problems leading to unreliable data.
    None reported

    Online references

    http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29914530
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    The status and protocol content of GB trials is no longer updated since 1 January 2021. For the UK, as of 31 January 2021, EU Law applies only to the territory of Northern Ireland (NI) to the extent foreseen in the Protocol on Ireland/NI. Legal notice
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