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    Clinical Trial Results:
    Efficacy and Safety of LEO 43204 in Field Treatment of Actinic Keratosis on Balding Scalp including 12-month follow-up Part 1: 3-day treatment period including an 8-week follow-up period Part 2: extended 12-month follow-up period A phase 3, multi-centre, randomised, parallel group, double-blind, vehicle controlled trial

    Summary
    EudraCT number
    2015-002452-27
    Trial protocol
    DE  
    Global end of trial date
    27 Oct 2017

    Results information
    Results version number
    v1(current)
    This version publication date
    20 Dec 2018
    First version publication date
    20 Dec 2018
    Other versions

    Trial information

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    Trial identification
    Sponsor protocol code
    LP0084-1196
    Additional study identifiers
    ISRCTN number
    -
    US NCT number
    NCT02549352
    WHO universal trial number (UTN)
    -
    Sponsors
    Sponsor organisation name
    LEO Pharma A/S
    Sponsor organisation address
    Industriparken 55, Ballerup, Denmark, 2750
    Public contact
    Clinical Disclosure Specialist, LEO Pharma A/S, 45 44945888, disclosure@leo-pharma.com
    Scientific contact
    Clinical Disclosure Specialist, LEO Pharma A/S, 45 44945888, disclosure@leo-pharma.com
    Paediatric regulatory details
    Is trial part of an agreed paediatric investigation plan (PIP)
    No
    Does article 45 of REGULATION (EC) No 1901/2006 apply to this trial?
    No
    Does article 46 of REGULATION (EC) No 1901/2006 apply to this trial?
    No
    Results analysis stage
    Analysis stage
    Final
    Date of interim/final analysis
    27 Feb 2018
    Is this the analysis of the primary completion data?
    Yes
    Primary completion date
    27 Oct 2017
    Global end of trial reached?
    Yes
    Global end of trial date
    27 Oct 2017
    Was the trial ended prematurely?
    No
    General information about the trial
    Main objective of the trial
    To confirm the efficacy of LEO 43204 gel (0.037% for scalp) in actinic keratosis (AK) when applied topically once daily for 3 consecutive days as field treatment
    Protection of trial subjects
    This clinical trial was conducted in accordance with the revision current at the start of the trial of the World Medical Association’s Declaration of Helsinki – Ethical Principles for Medical Research Involving Human Subjects. All subjects received written and verbal information concerning the clinical trial. This information emphasised that participation in the clinical trial was voluntary and that the subject could withdraw from the clinical trial at any time and for any reason. All subjects were given an opportunity to ask questions and were given sufficient time to consider before consenting.
    Background therapy
    -
    Evidence for comparator
    -
    Actual start date of recruitment
    20 Nov 2015
    Long term follow-up planned
    Yes
    Long term follow-up rationale
    Safety
    Long term follow-up duration
    12 Months
    Independent data monitoring committee (IDMC) involvement?
    No
    Population of trial subjects
    Number of subjects enrolled per country
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    United States: 205
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Germany: 70
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Italy: 35
    Worldwide total number of subjects
    310
    EEA total number of subjects
    105
    Number of subjects enrolled per age group
    In utero
    0
    Preterm newborn - gestational age < 37 wk
    0
    Newborns (0-27 days)
    0
    Infants and toddlers (28 days-23 months)
    0
    Children (2-11 years)
    0
    Adolescents (12-17 years)
    0
    Adults (18-64 years)
    77
    From 65 to 84 years
    214
    85 years and over
    19

    Subject disposition

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    Recruitment
    Recruitment details
    Subjects were followed for 8 weeks following the first application of investigational medicinal product (IMP) at Day 1 (3-day treatment period including an 8-week follow-up period) and for an additional 12 months following Week 8 (extended 12-month follow-up period).

    Pre-assignment
    Screening details
    391 subjects were enrolled, 80 were screening failures, and 311 subjects were randomised. Only 310 of the randomised subjects were treated with investigational medicinal product (IMP), the number of subjects treated is reflected as the number of subjects started in the first period.

    Period 1
    Period 1 title
    3-day Treatment and 8-week Follow-up
    Is this the baseline period?
    Yes
    Allocation method
    Randomised - controlled
    Blinding used
    Double blind
    Roles blinded
    Subject, Investigator

    Arms
    Are arms mutually exclusive
    Yes

    Arm title
    LEO 43204 0.037% Gel - Treatment Period Including Follow-up
    Arm description
    Treatment once daily with LEO 43204 0.037% gel for 3 consecutive days applied on the scalp.
    Arm type
    Experimental

    Investigational medicinal product name
    LEO 43204 gel
    Investigational medicinal product code
    Other name
    Ingenol disoxate
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Gel
    Routes of administration
    Topical use
    Dosage and administration details
    Ingenol disoxate 0.037% gel applied on the scalp once daily for 3 consecutive days.

    Arm title
    Vehicle Gel - Treatment Period Including Follow-up
    Arm description
    Treatment once daily with vehicle gel for 3 consecutive days applied on the scalp. 1 subject randomised to the vehicle group received a mix of ingenol disoxate gel and vehicle in error and was therefore included in the ingenol disoxate gel group in the safety set.
    Arm type
    Placebo

    Investigational medicinal product name
    Vehicle Gel
    Investigational medicinal product code
    Other name
    Placebo
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Gel
    Routes of administration
    Topical use
    Dosage and administration details
    Vehicle gel applied on the scalp once daily for 3 consecutive days.

    Number of subjects in period 1
    LEO 43204 0.037% Gel - Treatment Period Including Follow-up Vehicle Gel - Treatment Period Including Follow-up
    Started
    209
    101
    Completed
    207
    96
    Not completed
    2
    5
         Consent withdrawn by subject
    2
    2
         Adverse event, non-fatal
    -
    1
         Other
    -
    2
    Period 2
    Period 2 title
    12-month Follow-up
    Is this the baseline period?
    No
    Allocation method
    Randomised - controlled
    Blinding used
    Double blind
    Roles blinded
    Subject, Investigator

    Arms
    Are arms mutually exclusive
    Yes

    Arm title
    LEO 43204 0.037% Gel - Extended Follow-up
    Arm description
    Treatment once daily with LEO 43204 0.037% gel for 3 consecutive days applied on the scalp.
    Arm type
    Experimental

    Investigational medicinal product name
    LEO 43204 gel
    Investigational medicinal product code
    Other name
    Ingenol disoxate
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Gel
    Routes of administration
    Topical use
    Dosage and administration details
    Ingenol disoxate 0.037% gel applied on the scalp once daily for 3 consecutive days.

    Arm title
    Vehicle Gel - Extended Follow-up
    Arm description
    Treatment once daily with vehicle gel for 3 consecutive days applied on the scalp.
    Arm type
    Placebo

    Investigational medicinal product name
    Vehicle Gel
    Investigational medicinal product code
    Other name
    Placebo
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Gel
    Routes of administration
    Topical use
    Dosage and administration details
    Vehicle gel applied on the scalp once daily for 3 consecutive days.

    Number of subjects in period 2 [1]
    LEO 43204 0.037% Gel - Extended Follow-up Vehicle Gel - Extended Follow-up
    Started
    207
    93
    Completed
    199
    81
    Not completed
    8
    12
         Consent withdrawn by subject
    4
    5
         Other
    1
    3
         Death
    -
    1
         Lost to follow-up
    3
    2
         Protocol deviation
    -
    1
    Notes
    [1] - The number of subjects starting the period is not consistent with the number completing the preceding period. It is expected the number of subjects starting the subsequent period will be the same as the number completing the preceding period.
    Justification: Of the 303 subjects who completed the 3-day treatment and 8-week Follow-up period, 3 subjects in the vehicle group were not included in the 12-month Follow-up because they withdrew after Week 8.

    Baseline characteristics

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    Baseline characteristics reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    LEO 43204 0.037% Gel - Treatment Period Including Follow-up
    Reporting group description
    Treatment once daily with LEO 43204 0.037% gel for 3 consecutive days applied on the scalp.

    Reporting group title
    Vehicle Gel - Treatment Period Including Follow-up
    Reporting group description
    Treatment once daily with vehicle gel for 3 consecutive days applied on the scalp. 1 subject randomised to the vehicle group received a mix of ingenol disoxate gel and vehicle in error and was therefore included in the ingenol disoxate gel group in the safety set.

    Reporting group values
    LEO 43204 0.037% Gel - Treatment Period Including Follow-up Vehicle Gel - Treatment Period Including Follow-up Total
    Number of subjects
    209 101 310
    Age categorical
    Units: Subjects
        Adults (18-64 years)
    60 17 77
        From 65-84 years
    139 75 214
        85 years and over
    10 9 19
    Age continuous
    Units: years
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    69.7 ( 9.0 ) 71.0 ( 9.3 ) -
    Gender categorical
    Units: Subjects
        Female
    0 0 0
        Male
    209 101 310

    End points

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    End points reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    LEO 43204 0.037% Gel - Treatment Period Including Follow-up
    Reporting group description
    Treatment once daily with LEO 43204 0.037% gel for 3 consecutive days applied on the scalp.

    Reporting group title
    Vehicle Gel - Treatment Period Including Follow-up
    Reporting group description
    Treatment once daily with vehicle gel for 3 consecutive days applied on the scalp. 1 subject randomised to the vehicle group received a mix of ingenol disoxate gel and vehicle in error and was therefore included in the ingenol disoxate gel group in the safety set.
    Reporting group title
    LEO 43204 0.037% Gel - Extended Follow-up
    Reporting group description
    Treatment once daily with LEO 43204 0.037% gel for 3 consecutive days applied on the scalp.

    Reporting group title
    Vehicle Gel - Extended Follow-up
    Reporting group description
    Treatment once daily with vehicle gel for 3 consecutive days applied on the scalp.

    Primary: Complete Clearance of Actinic Keratosis (AK)

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    End point title
    Complete Clearance of Actinic Keratosis (AK)
    End point description
    The number of clinically visible actinic keratosis lesions (AKs) identified in the treatment area was recorded at Day 1 (baseline), Weeks 4, and 8. Complete clearance was defined as no clinically visible AKs in the treatment area. The table shows the percentage of mean number of participants across imputations with complete clearance at Week 8.
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    At Week 8
    End point values
    LEO 43204 0.037% Gel - Treatment Period Including Follow-up Vehicle Gel - Treatment Period Including Follow-up
    Number of subjects analysed
    209
    101
    Units: percentage of subjects
        number (confidence interval 95%)
    22.0 (16.4 to 27.7)
    3.0 (-0.3 to 6.3)
    Statistical analysis title
    Analysis 1
    Comparison groups
    LEO 43204 0.037% Gel - Treatment Period Including Follow-up v Vehicle Gel - Treatment Period Including Follow-up
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    310
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    < 0.001 [1]
    Method
    Mantel-Haenszel
    Parameter type
    Ratio of clearance rates
    Point estimate
    7.83
    Confidence interval
         level
    95%
         sides
    2-sided
         lower limit
    2.58
         upper limit
    23.71
    Notes
    [1] - Mantel-Haenszel estimate (0.037% relative to vehicle), adjusted for pooled sites.

    Secondary: Partial Clearance

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    End point title
    Partial Clearance
    End point description
    The number of clinically visible Actinic keratosis lesions (AKs) identified in the treatment area was recorded at Day 1, Weeks 4, and Week 8. Partial clearance was defined as at least 75% reduction from baseline in the number of clinically visible AKs in the treatment area. The table shows the percentage of mean number of subjects across imputations with complete clearance at Week 8.
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    At Week 8
    End point values
    LEO 43204 0.037% Gel - Treatment Period Including Follow-up Vehicle Gel - Treatment Period Including Follow-up
    Number of subjects analysed
    209
    101
    Units: percentage of subjects
        number (confidence interval 95%)
    63.1 (56.5 to 69.7)
    11.0 (4.9 to 17.2)
    Statistical analysis title
    Statistical Analysis 1
    Statistical analysis description
    The p-values for secondary endpoints have been corrected by the Holm-Bonferroni method to account for multiplicity. The prespecified multiplicity adjustment by the Holm-Bonferroni method requires the ordering of the p-values for the secondary endpoints by size. Mantel-Haenszel estimate (0.037% relative to vehicle), adjusted for pooled sites.
    Comparison groups
    LEO 43204 0.037% Gel - Treatment Period Including Follow-up v Vehicle Gel - Treatment Period Including Follow-up
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    310
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    < 0.001
    Method
    Mantel-Haenszel
    Parameter type
    Ratio of clearance rates
    Point estimate
    5.91
    Confidence interval
         level
    95%
         sides
    2-sided
         lower limit
    3.32
         upper limit
    10.51

    Secondary: Partial Clearance

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    End point title
    Partial Clearance
    End point description
    The number of clinically visible Actinic keratosis lesions (AKs) identified in the treatment area was recorded at Day 1, Week 4, and Week 8. Partial clearance was defined as at least 75% reduction from baseline in the number of clinically visible AKs in the treatment area. The table shows the percentage of mean number of subjects across imputations with complete clearance at Week 4.
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    At Week 4
    End point values
    LEO 43204 0.037% Gel - Treatment Period Including Follow-up Vehicle Gel - Treatment Period Including Follow-up
    Number of subjects analysed
    209
    101
    Units: percentage of subjects
        number (confidence interval 95%)
    53.4 (46.5 to 60.3)
    7.1 (2.0 to 12.1)
    Statistical analysis title
    Statistical Analysis 1
    Statistical analysis description
    The p-values for secondary endpoints have been corrected by the Holm-Bonferroni method to account for multiplicity. The prespecified multiplicity adjustment by the Holm-Bonferroni method requires the ordering of the p-values for the secondary endpoints by size. Mantel-Haenszel estimate (0.037% relative to vehicle), adjusted for pooled sites.
    Comparison groups
    LEO 43204 0.037% Gel - Treatment Period Including Follow-up v Vehicle Gel - Treatment Period Including Follow-up
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    310
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    < 0.001
    Method
    Mantel-Haenszel
    Parameter type
    Ratio of clearance rates
    Point estimate
    7.59
    Confidence interval
         level
    95%
         sides
    2-sided
         lower limit
    3.7
         upper limit
    15.61

    Secondary: Percent Reduction in AK Count in the Treatment Area Compared to Baseline

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    End point title
    Percent Reduction in AK Count in the Treatment Area Compared to Baseline
    End point description
    The number of clinically visible Actinic keratosis lesions (AKs) identified in the treatment area was recorded at Day 1, Weeks 4, and Week 8.
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    At Week 8
    End point values
    LEO 43204 0.037% Gel - Treatment Period Including Follow-up Vehicle Gel - Treatment Period Including Follow-up
    Number of subjects analysed
    209
    101
    Units: percentage of subjects
        number (confidence interval 95%)
    74.0 (70.6 to 77.1)
    13.7 (0.2 to 25.3)
    Statistical analysis title
    Statistical Analysis 1
    Statistical analysis description
    The p-values for secondary endpoints have been corrected by the Holm-Bonferroni method to account for multiplicity. The prespecified multiplicity adjustment by the Holm-Bonferroni method requires the ordering of the p-values for the secondary endpoints by size.
    Comparison groups
    LEO 43204 0.037% Gel - Treatment Period Including Follow-up v Vehicle Gel - Treatment Period Including Follow-up
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    310
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    < 0.001
    Method
    Mantel-Haenszel
    Parameter type
    Week 8 AK count ratio
    Point estimate
    0.3
    Confidence interval
         level
    95%
         sides
    2-sided
         lower limit
    0.25
         upper limit
    0.36

    Adverse events

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    Adverse events information
    Timeframe for reporting adverse events
    Treatment period including follow-up (from Day 1 to Week 8) and extended follow-up (from Week 8 up to Month 14)
    Adverse event reporting additional description
    Adverse events presented in the table are investigator-reported terms. Adverse events of special interest within system organ class (SOC) Neoplasm benign, malignant and unspecified (incl cysts and polyps), were adjudicated by an Independent Adjudication Committee based on central biopsy review.
    Assessment type
    Non-systematic
    Dictionary used for adverse event reporting
    Dictionary name
    MedDRA
    Dictionary version
    18.1
    Reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    LEO 43204 0.037% Gel
    Reporting group description
    Treatment once daily with LEO 43204 0.037% gel for 3 consecutive days applied on the scalp.

    Reporting group title
    Vehicle Gel
    Reporting group description
    Treatment with vehicle gel once daily for 3 days

    Reporting group title
    LEO 43204 0.037% Gel - Extended Follow-up
    Reporting group description
    Treatment once daily with LEO 43204 0.037% gel for 3 consecutive days applied on the scalp.

    Reporting group title
    Vehicle Gel - Extended Follow-up
    Reporting group description
    Treatment once daily for 3 days Vehicle gel

    Serious adverse events
    LEO 43204 0.037% Gel Vehicle Gel LEO 43204 0.037% Gel - Extended Follow-up Vehicle Gel - Extended Follow-up
    Total subjects affected by serious adverse events
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 210 (1.43%)
    3 / 100 (3.00%)
    0 / 208 (0.00%)
    0 / 92 (0.00%)
         number of deaths (all causes)
    0
    0
    0
    1
         number of deaths resulting from adverse events
    0
    0
    0
    0
    Cardiac disorders
    Angina pectoris
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 210 (0.48%)
    0 / 100 (0.00%)
    0 / 208 (0.00%)
    0 / 92 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    Atrial fibrillation
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 210 (0.00%)
    1 / 100 (1.00%)
    0 / 208 (0.00%)
    0 / 92 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    Nervous system disorders
    Cerebrovascular accident
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 210 (0.48%)
    0 / 100 (0.00%)
    0 / 208 (0.00%)
    0 / 92 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    Syncope
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 210 (0.00%)
    1 / 100 (1.00%)
    0 / 208 (0.00%)
    0 / 92 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    Gastrointestinal disorders
    Rectal haemorrhage
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 210 (0.48%)
    0 / 100 (0.00%)
    0 / 208 (0.00%)
    0 / 92 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders
    Osteoarthritis
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 210 (0.00%)
    1 / 100 (1.00%)
    0 / 208 (0.00%)
    0 / 92 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    Frequency threshold for reporting non-serious adverse events: 2%
    Non-serious adverse events
    LEO 43204 0.037% Gel Vehicle Gel LEO 43204 0.037% Gel - Extended Follow-up Vehicle Gel - Extended Follow-up
    Total subjects affected by non serious adverse events
         subjects affected / exposed
    146 / 210 (69.52%)
    12 / 100 (12.00%)
    5 / 208 (2.40%)
    1 / 92 (1.09%)
    Neoplasms benign, malignant and unspecified (incl cysts and polyps)
    Squamous cell carcinoma of skin
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 210 (0.00%)
    0 / 100 (0.00%)
    5 / 208 (2.40%)
    1 / 92 (1.09%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    0
    5
    1
    Nervous system disorders
    Headache
         subjects affected / exposed
    11 / 210 (5.24%)
    1 / 100 (1.00%)
    0 / 208 (0.00%)
    0 / 92 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    11
    1
    0
    0
    General disorders and administration site conditions
    Application site pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    118 / 210 (56.19%)
    3 / 100 (3.00%)
    1 / 208 (0.48%)
    0 / 92 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    118
    3
    1
    0
    Application site pruritus
         subjects affected / exposed
    68 / 210 (32.38%)
    8 / 100 (8.00%)
    1 / 208 (0.48%)
    0 / 92 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    68
    8
    1
    0
    Eye disorders
    Eyelid oedema
         subjects affected / exposed
    9 / 210 (4.29%)
    0 / 100 (0.00%)
    0 / 208 (0.00%)
    0 / 92 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    9
    0
    0
    0
    Periorbital oedema
         subjects affected / exposed
    9 / 210 (4.29%)
    0 / 100 (0.00%)
    0 / 208 (0.00%)
    0 / 92 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    9
    0
    0
    0
    Eye irritation
         subjects affected / exposed
    5 / 210 (2.38%)
    0 / 100 (0.00%)
    0 / 208 (0.00%)
    0 / 92 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    5
    0
    0
    0
    Psychiatric disorders
    Insomnia
         subjects affected / exposed
    15 / 210 (7.14%)
    0 / 100 (0.00%)
    0 / 208 (0.00%)
    0 / 92 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    15
    0
    0
    0

    More information

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    Substantial protocol amendments (globally)

    Were there any global substantial amendments to the protocol? Yes
    Date
    Amendment
    04 Mar 2016
    The amendment clarified which medications were allowed and prohibited during the extended follow-up period: lesiondirected laser treatment was added to the allowed medications, and Actikerall, even as lesiondirected treatment, and laser treatment as field treatment were prohibited. The remaining changes in the amendment were either administrative changes or matters that needed further clarification.

    Interruptions (globally)

    Were there any global interruptions to the trial? No

    Limitations and caveats

    Limitations of the trial such as small numbers of subjects analysed or technical problems leading to unreliable data.
    None reported
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    The status and protocol content of GB trials is no longer updated since 1 January 2021. For the UK, as of 31 January 2021, EU Law applies only to the territory of Northern Ireland (NI) to the extent foreseen in the Protocol on Ireland/NI. Legal notice
    As of 31 January 2023, all EU/EEA initial clinical trial applications must be submitted through CTIS . Updated EudraCT trials information and information on PIP/Art 46 trials conducted exclusively in third countries continues to be submitted through EudraCT and published on this website.

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