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    Clinical Trial Results:
    A Phase 3, Randomized, Controlled, Multi-Center, Open-Label Study to Compare Tivozanib Hydrochloride to Sorafenib in Subjects With Refractory Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma

    Summary
    EudraCT number
    2015-003607-30
    Trial protocol
    DE   GB   BE   CZ   DK   ES   HU   FR   PL   IT  
    Global end of trial date
    21 Jun 2021

    Results information
    Results version number
    v1(current)
    This version publication date
    10 Feb 2023
    First version publication date
    10 Feb 2023
    Other versions

    Trial information

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    Trial identification
    Sponsor protocol code
    AV-951-15-303
    Additional study identifiers
    ISRCTN number
    -
    US NCT number
    NCT02627963
    WHO universal trial number (UTN)
    -
    Sponsors
    Sponsor organisation name
    AVEO Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
    Sponsor organisation address
    30 Winter Street, Boston, United States, MA 02108
    Public contact
    Chief Medical Officer, AVEO Pharmaceuticals, Inc., +1 857 400-0101, clinical@aveooncology.com
    Scientific contact
    Chief Medical Officer, AVEO Pharmaceuticals, Inc., +1 857 400-0101, clinical@aveooncology.com
    Paediatric regulatory details
    Is trial part of an agreed paediatric investigation plan (PIP)
    No
    Does article 45 of REGULATION (EC) No 1901/2006 apply to this trial?
    No
    Does article 46 of REGULATION (EC) No 1901/2006 apply to this trial?
    No
    Results analysis stage
    Analysis stage
    Final
    Date of interim/final analysis
    21 Jun 2021
    Is this the analysis of the primary completion data?
    Yes
    Primary completion date
    04 Oct 2018
    Global end of trial reached?
    Yes
    Global end of trial date
    21 Jun 2021
    Was the trial ended prematurely?
    No
    General information about the trial
    Main objective of the trial
    The main objective of the trial was to compare the progression-free survival (PFS) of participants with refractory advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) randomised to treatment with tivozanib or sorafenib as assessed by blinded independent radiological review (IRR) of computerized tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
    Protection of trial subjects
    The study was conducted in compliance with International Council for Harmonisation (ICH) E6 current Good Clinical Practice (cGCP) and the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki or the laws and regulations of the country in which the research was conducted, whichever afforded the greater protection to the individual.
    Background therapy
    -
    Evidence for comparator
    -
    Actual start date of recruitment
    24 May 2016
    Long term follow-up planned
    No
    Independent data monitoring committee (IDMC) involvement?
    No
    Population of trial subjects
    Number of subjects enrolled per country
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Canada: 12
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    United States: 46
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Poland: 46
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Spain: 55
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    United Kingdom: 29
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Belgium: 6
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Czechia: 30
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Denmark: 7
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    France: 13
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Germany: 11
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Hungary: 33
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Italy: 62
    Worldwide total number of subjects
    350
    EEA total number of subjects
    263
    Number of subjects enrolled per age group
    In utero
    0
    Preterm newborn - gestational age < 37 wk
    0
    Newborns (0-27 days)
    0
    Infants and toddlers (28 days-23 months)
    0
    Children (2-11 years)
    0
    Adolescents (12-17 years)
    0
    Adults (18-64 years)
    193
    From 65 to 84 years
    154
    85 years and over
    3

    Subject disposition

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    Recruitment
    Recruitment details
    -

    Pre-assignment
    Screening details
    A total of 350 participants were randomised and 343 were treated.

    Period 1
    Period 1 title
    Overall Study (overall period)
    Is this the baseline period?
    Yes
    Allocation method
    Not applicable
    Blinding used
    Not blinded

    Arms
    Are arms mutually exclusive
    Yes

    Arm title
    Tivozanib Hydrochloride
    Arm description
    Participants randomised to this arm received the study drug, tivozanib hydrochloride.
    Arm type
    Experimental

    Investigational medicinal product name
    Tivozanib hydrochloride
    Investigational medicinal product code
    Other name
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Capsule
    Routes of administration
    Oral use
    Dosage and administration details
    Tivozanib hydrochloride was administered on a 3 weeks on/1 week off schedule in 4-week cycles.

    Arm title
    Sorafenib
    Arm description
    Participants randomised to this arm received the comparator drug, sorafenib.
    Arm type
    Active comparator

    Investigational medicinal product name
    Sorafenib
    Investigational medicinal product code
    Other name
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Tablet
    Routes of administration
    Oral use
    Dosage and administration details
    Sorafenib was administered continuously in 4-week cycles.

    Number of subjects in period 1
    Tivozanib Hydrochloride Sorafenib
    Started
    175
    175
    Completed
    173
    169
    Not completed
    2
    6
         Randomized but not treated
    2
    6

    Baseline characteristics

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    Baseline characteristics reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Tivozanib Hydrochloride
    Reporting group description
    Participants randomised to this arm received the study drug, tivozanib hydrochloride.

    Reporting group title
    Sorafenib
    Reporting group description
    Participants randomised to this arm received the comparator drug, sorafenib.

    Reporting group values
    Tivozanib Hydrochloride Sorafenib Total
    Number of subjects
    175 175 350
    Age categorical
    Units: Subjects
    Age continuous
    Units: years
        median (full range (min-max))
    62 (34 to 88) 63 (30 to 90) -
    Gender categorical
    Units: Subjects
        Female
    49 47 96
        Male
    126 128 254
    Race/Ethnicity
    Units: Subjects
        White
    165 167 332
        Non-white
    10 8 18
    Previous therapies
    Units: Subjects
        Two VEGFR TKIs
    79 80 159
        Checkpoint inhibitor plus VEGFR TKI
    47 44 91
        VEGFR TKI plus other systemic agent
    49 51 100
    IMDC risk category
    Units: Subjects
        Favourable
    34 36 70
        Intermediate
    109 105 214
        Poor
    32 34 66

    End points

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    End points reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Tivozanib Hydrochloride
    Reporting group description
    Participants randomised to this arm received the study drug, tivozanib hydrochloride.

    Reporting group title
    Sorafenib
    Reporting group description
    Participants randomised to this arm received the comparator drug, sorafenib.

    Primary: Progression-free Survival (PFS)

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    End point title
    Progression-free Survival (PFS)
    End point description
    The PFS, as assessed by a blinded IRR, is defined as the time from randomisation to first documentation of objective tumor progression (progressive disease) or death due to any reasons whichever comes first. Disease progression per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) 1.1 criteria is defined as a 20% increase in the sum of the longest diameter of target lesions, or a measurable increase in a non-target lesion, or the appearance of new lesions. Intent-to-treat (ITT) population.
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    From date of randomisation until the date of first documented progression or date of death from any cause, whichever came first. Disease progression was assessed every 8 weeks
    End point values
    Tivozanib Hydrochloride Sorafenib
    Number of subjects analysed
    175
    175
    Units: Months
        median (confidence interval 95%)
    5.59 (5.29 to 7.33)
    3.88 (3.71 to 5.55)
    Statistical analysis title
    Statistical Analysis 1
    Comparison groups
    Sorafenib v Tivozanib Hydrochloride
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    350
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    = 0.0165 [1]
    Method
    Logrank
    Parameter type
    Hazard ratio (HR)
    Point estimate
    0.73
    Confidence interval
         level
    95%
         sides
    2-sided
         lower limit
    0.56
         upper limit
    0.94
    Notes
    [1] - A one-sided, log-rank test stratified for IMDC risk category and prior therapy (two VEGFR TKIs vs. a checkpoint inhibitor plus a VEGFR TKI vs. a VEGFR TKI plus any other systemic agent) at a significance level of α = 0.025 will be used.

    Secondary: Overall Survival (OS)

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    End point title
    Overall Survival (OS)
    End point description
    The OS is defined as the time from the date of randomisation to date of death due to any cause. ITT Population.
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Date of randomisation to date of death
    End point values
    Tivozanib Hydrochloride Sorafenib
    Number of subjects analysed
    175
    175
    Units: Months
        median (confidence interval 95%)
    16.39 (13.44 to 22.21)
    19.15 (14.95 to 24.21)
    Statistical analysis title
    Statistical Analysis 1
    Comparison groups
    Tivozanib Hydrochloride v Sorafenib
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    350
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    = 0.8174
    Method
    Logrank
    Parameter type
    Hazard ratio (HR)
    Point estimate
    0.97
    Confidence interval
         level
    95%
         sides
    2-sided
         lower limit
    0.75
         upper limit
    1.25

    Secondary: Objective Response Rate (ORR)

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    End point title
    Objective Response Rate (ORR)
    End point description
    The ORR is defined as the percentage of participants who have at least a 30% reduction in the sum of diameters per RECIST 1.1. ITT Population.
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Every 8 weeks from date of randomisation until disease progression
    End point values
    Tivozanib Hydrochloride Sorafenib
    Number of subjects analysed
    175
    175
    Units: Participants
    31
    14
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Duration of Response (DOR)

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    End point title
    Duration of Response (DOR)
    End point description
    The DOR is defined as the time from the first documentation of objective tumor response to the first documentation of tumor progression per RECIST 1.1 or to death due to any cause. ITT Population. '99999' signifies data not calculable because an insufficient number of participants reached the event.
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Assessed every 8 weeks from date of randomisation until date of progression
    End point values
    Tivozanib Hydrochloride Sorafenib
    Number of subjects analysed
    175
    175
    Units: Months
        median (confidence interval 95%)
    99999 (12.91 to 99999)
    5.65 (5.55 to 99999)
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Adverse events

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    Adverse events information
    Timeframe for reporting adverse events
    From first dose to last dose plus 30 days
    Adverse event reporting additional description
    Serious Treatment-Emergent Adverse Events and Treatment-Emergent Adverse Events in SAF Population Reported
    Assessment type
    Systematic
    Dictionary used for adverse event reporting
    Dictionary name
    MedDRA
    Dictionary version
    19.1
    Reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Tivozanib Hydrochloride
    Reporting group description
    Participants randomised to this arm received the study drug, tivozanib hydrochloride.

    Reporting group title
    Sorafenib
    Reporting group description
    Participants randomised to this arm received the comparator drug, sorafenib.

    Serious adverse events
    Tivozanib Hydrochloride Sorafenib
    Total subjects affected by serious adverse events
         subjects affected / exposed
    81 / 173 (46.82%)
    67 / 170 (39.41%)
         number of deaths (all causes)
    19
    14
         number of deaths resulting from adverse events
    Neoplasms benign, malignant and unspecified (incl cysts and polyps)
    Abdominal neoplasm
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 173 (0.00%)
    1 / 170 (0.59%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Metastases to spinal cord
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 173 (0.00%)
    1 / 170 (0.59%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    Neoplasm progression
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 173 (2.31%)
    4 / 170 (2.35%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 4
    0 / 4
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 4
    0 / 4
    Prostate cancer
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 173 (1.16%)
    0 / 170 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Tumour pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 173 (0.58%)
    0 / 170 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Vascular disorders
    Arteriosclerosis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 173 (0.58%)
    0 / 170 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Deep vein thrombosis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 173 (0.58%)
    0 / 170 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Hypertension
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 173 (1.16%)
    0 / 170 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    2 / 2
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Surgical and medical procedures
    Rehabilitation therapy
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 173 (0.00%)
    1 / 170 (0.59%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    General disorders and administration site conditions
    Asthenia
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 173 (1.73%)
    2 / 170 (1.18%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    2 / 4
    2 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Death
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 173 (0.58%)
    3 / 170 (1.76%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    1 / 3
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    1 / 3
    Fatigue
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 173 (0.00%)
    1 / 170 (0.59%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    General physical health deterioration
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 173 (0.00%)
    1 / 170 (0.59%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 173 (0.58%)
    0 / 170 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    Pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 173 (0.58%)
    0 / 170 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Performance status decreased
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 173 (0.00%)
    1 / 170 (0.59%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Pyrexia
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 173 (1.16%)
    1 / 170 (0.59%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
    Acute respiratory failure
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 173 (0.58%)
    0 / 170 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    Bronchial ulceration
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 173 (0.58%)
    0 / 170 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 173 (0.58%)
    0 / 170 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Dyspnoea
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 173 (1.73%)
    1 / 170 (0.59%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 3
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Epistaxis
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 173 (0.00%)
    1 / 170 (0.59%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Haemoptysis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 173 (0.58%)
    0 / 170 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Hydrothorax
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 173 (0.00%)
    1 / 170 (0.59%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Laryngeal stenosis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 173 (0.58%)
    0 / 170 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Pleural effusion
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 173 (1.73%)
    1 / 170 (0.59%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 4
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Pulmonary embolism
         subjects affected / exposed
    6 / 173 (3.47%)
    0 / 170 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    3 / 6
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    Pulmonary oedema
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 173 (0.00%)
    1 / 170 (0.59%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    Respiratory arrest
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 173 (0.00%)
    1 / 170 (0.59%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    Respiratory failure
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 173 (1.16%)
    1 / 170 (0.59%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
    0 / 1
    Psychiatric disorders
    Confusional state
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 173 (1.73%)
    0 / 170 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 4
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Depression
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 173 (0.58%)
    0 / 170 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Disorientation
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 173 (0.58%)
    0 / 170 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Mental disorder
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 173 (0.58%)
    0 / 170 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Investigations
    Blood creatinine increased
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 173 (0.00%)
    1 / 170 (0.59%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Injury, poisoning and procedural complications
    Head injury
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 173 (0.58%)
    0 / 170 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Humerus fracture
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 173 (0.58%)
    0 / 170 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Multiple fractures
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 173 (0.58%)
    0 / 170 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Radiation oesophagitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 173 (0.58%)
    0 / 170 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Rib fracture
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 173 (0.00%)
    1 / 170 (0.59%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Subdural haematoma
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 173 (0.58%)
    0 / 170 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    Cardiac disorders
    Acute coronary syndrome
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 173 (0.58%)
    1 / 170 (0.59%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    1 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Acute myocardial infarction
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 173 (0.00%)
    2 / 170 (1.18%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Atrial fibrillation
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 173 (0.58%)
    0 / 170 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Atrial flutter
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 173 (0.00%)
    1 / 170 (0.59%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Cardiac arrest
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 173 (0.58%)
    0 / 170 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Cardiac failure
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 173 (0.58%)
    1 / 170 (0.59%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 1
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    Cardio-respiratory arrest
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 173 (0.58%)
    0 / 170 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    Coronary artery disease
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 173 (0.00%)
    2 / 170 (1.18%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Left ventricular dysfunction
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 173 (0.00%)
    1 / 170 (0.59%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Myocardial infarction
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 173 (0.58%)
    5 / 170 (2.94%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    1 / 5
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    Pericardial effusion
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 173 (0.00%)
    1 / 170 (0.59%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Supraventricular tachycardia
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 173 (0.00%)
    1 / 170 (0.59%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Ventricular tachycardia
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 173 (0.00%)
    1 / 170 (0.59%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Nervous system disorders
    Altered state of consciousness
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 173 (0.58%)
    0 / 170 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Brain compression
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 173 (0.58%)
    0 / 170 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Cerebral haemorrhage
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 173 (0.00%)
    1 / 170 (0.59%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Cerebrovascular accident
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 173 (2.31%)
    1 / 170 (0.59%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 5
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    Coma
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 173 (0.00%)
    1 / 170 (0.59%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    Dizziness
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 173 (0.58%)
    0 / 170 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Frontal lobe epilepsy
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 173 (0.00%)
    1 / 170 (0.59%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Haemorrhage intracranial
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 173 (0.00%)
    1 / 170 (0.59%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Headache
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 173 (0.58%)
    0 / 170 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Ischaemic stroke
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 173 (1.16%)
    0 / 170 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Optic neuritis
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 173 (0.00%)
    1 / 170 (0.59%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Paralysis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 173 (0.58%)
    0 / 170 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Peripheral motor neuropathy
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 173 (1.16%)
    0 / 170 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 2
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Seizure
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 173 (0.58%)
    0 / 170 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Spinal cord compression
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 173 (0.58%)
    1 / 170 (0.59%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Transient ischaemic attack
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 173 (0.58%)
    1 / 170 (0.59%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 1
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Blood and lymphatic system disorders
    Anaemia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 173 (0.58%)
    1 / 170 (0.59%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Thrombocytopenia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 173 (0.58%)
    0 / 170 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Ear and labyrinth disorders
    Vertigo
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 173 (1.16%)
    0 / 170 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Gastrointestinal disorders
    Abdominal pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 173 (0.58%)
    2 / 170 (1.18%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 1
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Anal ulcer
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 173 (0.00%)
    1 / 170 (0.59%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Constipation
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 173 (0.00%)
    1 / 170 (0.59%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Diarrhoea
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 173 (0.00%)
    1 / 170 (0.59%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    1 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Gastric haemorrhage
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 173 (0.00%)
    1 / 170 (0.59%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Gastrointestinal haemorrhage
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 173 (0.58%)
    1 / 170 (0.59%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Intestinal obstruction
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 173 (0.58%)
    0 / 170 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Melaena
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 173 (0.58%)
    0 / 170 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Pancreatitis acute
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 173 (1.16%)
    0 / 170 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Rectal haemorrhage
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 173 (0.58%)
    0 / 170 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Stomatitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 173 (0.58%)
    1 / 170 (0.59%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    2 / 2
    1 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Vomiting
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 173 (0.58%)
    3 / 170 (1.76%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
    2 / 3
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Hepatobiliary disorders
    Cholangitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 173 (0.58%)
    0 / 170 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Cholecystitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 173 (0.58%)
    0 / 170 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Hepatic failure
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 173 (0.58%)
    0 / 170 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    Hepatobiliary disease
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 173 (0.58%)
    0 / 170 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    Hyperbilirubinaemia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 173 (0.58%)
    0 / 170 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Jaundice
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 173 (0.58%)
    0 / 170 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders
    Diabetic foot
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 173 (0.58%)
    0 / 170 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Palmar-plantar erythrodysaesthesia syndrome
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 173 (0.00%)
    1 / 170 (0.59%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    1 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Rash
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 173 (0.00%)
    3 / 170 (1.76%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    3 / 3
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Rash maculo-papular
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 173 (0.00%)
    2 / 170 (1.18%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    2 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Rash morbilliform
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 173 (0.00%)
    1 / 170 (0.59%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    1 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Toxic skin eruption
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 173 (0.00%)
    1 / 170 (0.59%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    1 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Renal and urinary disorders
    Acute kidney injury
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 173 (1.73%)
    0 / 170 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 3
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Haematuria
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 173 (0.58%)
    0 / 170 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Proteinuria
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 173 (0.00%)
    1 / 170 (0.59%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    1 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Renal failure
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 173 (0.58%)
    2 / 170 (1.18%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Renal impairment
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 173 (0.58%)
    0 / 170 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Endocrine disorders
    Hypercalcaemia of malignancy
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 173 (1.16%)
    0 / 170 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders
    Arthralgia
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 173 (0.00%)
    1 / 170 (0.59%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Back pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 173 (0.00%)
    1 / 170 (0.59%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Bone pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 173 (0.00%)
    2 / 170 (1.18%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Osteoarthritis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 173 (0.58%)
    0 / 170 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Pain in extremity
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 173 (0.58%)
    0 / 170 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Soft tissue necrosis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 173 (0.58%)
    0 / 170 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Spinal pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 173 (0.00%)
    1 / 170 (0.59%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Infections and infestations
    Appendicitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 173 (0.58%)
    1 / 170 (0.59%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 1
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Clostridium difficile colitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 173 (0.00%)
    1 / 170 (0.59%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Gastroenteritis
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 173 (0.00%)
    1 / 170 (0.59%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Influenza
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 173 (1.16%)
    0 / 170 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Lower respiratory tract infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 173 (0.58%)
    0 / 170 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Lung abscess
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 173 (0.00%)
    1 / 170 (0.59%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Meningitis aseptic
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 173 (0.58%)
    0 / 170 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Pneumonia
         subjects affected / exposed
    6 / 173 (3.47%)
    6 / 170 (3.53%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 9
    0 / 10
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 3
    0 / 2
    Post procedural infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 173 (0.58%)
    0 / 170 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Upper respiratory tract infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 173 (0.00%)
    1 / 170 (0.59%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Urinary tract infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 173 (1.73%)
    1 / 170 (0.59%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 3
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Metabolism and nutrition disorders
    Cachexia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 173 (0.58%)
    1 / 170 (0.59%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    Decreased appetite
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 173 (1.73%)
    1 / 170 (0.59%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    3 / 3
    1 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Dehydration
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 173 (0.58%)
    1 / 170 (0.59%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 1
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Hypercalcaemia
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 173 (1.16%)
    0 / 170 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Hyponatraemia
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 173 (1.16%)
    0 / 170 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 3
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Frequency threshold for reporting non-serious adverse events: 5%
    Non-serious adverse events
    Tivozanib Hydrochloride Sorafenib
    Total subjects affected by non serious adverse events
         subjects affected / exposed
    171 / 173 (98.84%)
    170 / 170 (100.00%)
    Vascular disorders
    Hypertension
         subjects affected / exposed
    73 / 173 (42.20%)
    51 / 170 (30.00%)
         occurrences all number
    153
    67
    Hypotension
         subjects affected / exposed
    9 / 173 (5.20%)
    2 / 170 (1.18%)
         occurrences all number
    11
    5
    General disorders and administration site conditions
    Fatigue
         subjects affected / exposed
    64 / 173 (36.99%)
    41 / 170 (24.12%)
         occurrences all number
    110
    77
    Asthenia
         subjects affected / exposed
    56 / 173 (32.37%)
    40 / 170 (23.53%)
         occurrences all number
    132
    66
    Oedema peripheral
         subjects affected / exposed
    16 / 173 (9.25%)
    12 / 170 (7.06%)
         occurrences all number
    21
    17
    Pyrexia
         subjects affected / exposed
    13 / 173 (7.51%)
    18 / 170 (10.59%)
         occurrences all number
    16
    19
    Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
    Dysphonia
         subjects affected / exposed
    47 / 173 (27.17%)
    16 / 170 (9.41%)
         occurrences all number
    55
    18
    Dyspnoea
         subjects affected / exposed
    25 / 173 (14.45%)
    17 / 170 (10.00%)
         occurrences all number
    42
    20
    Cough
         subjects affected / exposed
    38 / 173 (21.97%)
    26 / 170 (15.29%)
         occurrences all number
    47
    32
    Investigations
    Weight decreased
         subjects affected / exposed
    30 / 173 (17.34%)
    37 / 170 (21.76%)
         occurrences all number
    55
    60
    Blood thyroid stimulating hormone increased
         subjects affected / exposed
    12 / 173 (6.94%)
    2 / 170 (1.18%)
         occurrences all number
    13
    2
    Blood creatinine increased
         subjects affected / exposed
    13 / 173 (7.51%)
    2 / 170 (1.18%)
         occurrences all number
    19
    2
    Lipase increased
         subjects affected / exposed
    9 / 173 (5.20%)
    4 / 170 (2.35%)
         occurrences all number
    19
    5
    Aspartate aminotransferase increased
         subjects affected / exposed
    9 / 173 (5.20%)
    3 / 170 (1.76%)
         occurrences all number
    13
    5
    Nervous system disorders
    Dizziness
         subjects affected / exposed
    17 / 173 (9.83%)
    8 / 170 (4.71%)
         occurrences all number
    28
    12
    Headache
         subjects affected / exposed
    20 / 173 (11.56%)
    16 / 170 (9.41%)
         occurrences all number
    34
    16
    Dysgeusia
         subjects affected / exposed
    10 / 173 (5.78%)
    8 / 170 (4.71%)
         occurrences all number
    10
    9
    Blood and lymphatic system disorders
    Anaemia
         subjects affected / exposed
    17 / 173 (9.83%)
    23 / 170 (13.53%)
         occurrences all number
    22
    38
    Gastrointestinal disorders
    Diarrhoea
         subjects affected / exposed
    74 / 173 (42.77%)
    91 / 170 (53.53%)
         occurrences all number
    260
    230
    Stomatitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    36 / 173 (20.81%)
    38 / 170 (22.35%)
         occurrences all number
    55
    53
    Nausea
         subjects affected / exposed
    51 / 173 (29.48%)
    31 / 170 (18.24%)
         occurrences all number
    117
    49
    Vomiting
         subjects affected / exposed
    31 / 173 (17.92%)
    25 / 170 (14.71%)
         occurrences all number
    74
    47
    Abdominal pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    21 / 173 (12.14%)
    16 / 170 (9.41%)
         occurrences all number
    27
    23
    Abdominal pain upper
         subjects affected / exposed
    18 / 173 (10.40%)
    12 / 170 (7.06%)
         occurrences all number
    29
    14
    Constipation
         subjects affected / exposed
    19 / 173 (10.98%)
    31 / 170 (18.24%)
         occurrences all number
    24
    37
    Dyspepsia
         subjects affected / exposed
    16 / 173 (9.25%)
    3 / 170 (1.76%)
         occurrences all number
    35
    3
    Gastrooesophageal reflux disease
         subjects affected / exposed
    9 / 173 (5.20%)
    1 / 170 (0.59%)
         occurrences all number
    10
    1
    Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders
    Palmar-plantar erythrodysaesthesia syndrome
         subjects affected / exposed
    28 / 173 (16.18%)
    69 / 170 (40.59%)
         occurrences all number
    52
    147
    Rash
         subjects affected / exposed
    17 / 173 (9.83%)
    42 / 170 (24.71%)
         occurrences all number
    19
    57
    Dry skin
         subjects affected / exposed
    11 / 173 (6.36%)
    9 / 170 (5.29%)
         occurrences all number
    12
    9
    Alopecia
         subjects affected / exposed
    6 / 173 (3.47%)
    37 / 170 (21.76%)
         occurrences all number
    6
    38
    Erythema
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 173 (1.73%)
    12 / 170 (7.06%)
         occurrences all number
    5
    12
    Pruritus
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 173 (2.31%)
    20 / 170 (11.76%)
         occurrences all number
    4
    21
    Rash maculo-papular
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 173 (0.58%)
    11 / 170 (6.47%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    22
    Hyperkeratosis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 173 (0.58%)
    9 / 170 (5.29%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    9
    Renal and urinary disorders
    Proteinuria
         subjects affected / exposed
    17 / 173 (9.83%)
    6 / 170 (3.53%)
         occurrences all number
    40
    9
    Endocrine disorders
    Hypothyroidism
         subjects affected / exposed
    31 / 173 (17.92%)
    13 / 170 (7.65%)
         occurrences all number
    37
    15
    Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders
    Back pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    32 / 173 (18.50%)
    26 / 170 (15.29%)
         occurrences all number
    47
    37
    Arthralgia
         subjects affected / exposed
    18 / 173 (10.40%)
    15 / 170 (8.82%)
         occurrences all number
    23
    20
    Pain in extremity
         subjects affected / exposed
    18 / 173 (10.40%)
    11 / 170 (6.47%)
         occurrences all number
    28
    19
    Muscle spasms
         subjects affected / exposed
    12 / 173 (6.94%)
    7 / 170 (4.12%)
         occurrences all number
    37
    11
    Musculoskeletal pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    9 / 173 (5.20%)
    4 / 170 (2.35%)
         occurrences all number
    9
    6
    Infections and infestations
    Nasopharyngitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    12 / 173 (6.94%)
    1 / 170 (0.59%)
         occurrences all number
    14
    1
    Urinary tract infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    7 / 173 (4.05%)
    11 / 170 (6.47%)
         occurrences all number
    8
    12
    Metabolism and nutrition disorders
    Decreased appetite
         subjects affected / exposed
    68 / 173 (39.31%)
    51 / 170 (30.00%)
         occurrences all number
    110
    73
    Hyperkalaemia
         subjects affected / exposed
    12 / 173 (6.94%)
    6 / 170 (3.53%)
         occurrences all number
    40
    9
    Hypocalcaemia
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 173 (2.31%)
    10 / 170 (5.88%)
         occurrences all number
    6
    14

    More information

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    Substantial protocol amendments (globally)

    Were there any global substantial amendments to the protocol? Yes
    Date
    Amendment
    06 Jul 2016
    The following changes were made: • Revised dates for first and last participant enrolled • Removed the requirement for neuropilin-1 (NRP-1) sampling • The relationship between tivozanib and sorafenib drug levels and activity and tivozanib and sorafenib drug levels and adverse events (AEs) were added as tertiary objectives • Revised start of treatment from within 10 days to within 14 days after randomisation • Clarified classification of prior treatment for the purpose of stratification: “In the event a participant had both 2 TKIs and a checkpoint inhibitor, the participant will be stratified according to the most recent line of therapy.” • Revised inclusion criteria (IC) and exclusion criteria (EC): o IC - removed “mixed tumor containing predominantly sarcomatoid cells” o EC – clarified eligibility of patients with CNS metastasis; removed “Participants are not considered to have a currently active malignancy if they have completed anti-cancer therapy and have been disease free for >2 years”. o EC – allowed for creatinine clearance to be calculated or measured o EC – clarified uncontrolled hypertension, removed “documented on 2 consecutive measurements taken at least 24 hours apart.” • Increased the duration of contraceptive use after the last dose of study drug for females • Tests for bicarbonate and total triiodothyronine (T3) are optional • Clarified timing of study drug shipment to the site • Clarified determination of PFS using RECIST 1.1 • Clarified dose modification for drug-related AEs • Provided further detail on the safety monitoring committee (SMC) • Updated Appendix (RECIST 1.1) to require brain scans at screening • Updated Appendix (Cytochrome P450 [CYP3A4] Inhibitors and Inducers) to include only strong inducers or inhibitors of CYP3A4 • Updated Appendix (Sorafenib Prescribing Information) • Interactive voice response system was deleted • Clarified treatment stratification
    01 Oct 2018
    The primary data analysis was based on a data cut-off on 04 Oct 2018 with a targeted number of 242 PFS events.

    Interruptions (globally)

    Were there any global interruptions to the trial? No

    Limitations and caveats

    Limitations of the trial such as small numbers of subjects analysed or technical problems leading to unreliable data.
    None reported
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