| E.1 Medical condition or disease under investigation | 
| E.1.1 | Medical condition(s) being investigated  | 
| Extracapillary glomerulonephritis | 
 
| Glomerulonefrite extracapillare | 
 
 
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| E.1.1.1 | Medical condition in easily understood language  | 
| Extracapillary glomerulonephritis | 
 
| Glomerulonefrite extracapillare | 
 
 
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| E.1.1.2 | Therapeutic area  | Diseases [C] - Male diseases of the urinary and reproductive systems [C12] | 
| MedDRA Classification | 
| E.1.2 Medical condition or disease under investigation | 
| E.1.2 | Version  | 20.1 | 
 
| E.1.2 | Level  | PT | 
 
| E.1.2 | Classification code  | 10018376 | 
 
| E.1.2 | Term  | Glomerulonephritis proliferative | 
 
| E.1.2 | System Organ Class  | 10038359 - Renal and urinary disorders | 
 
 
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| E.1.3 | Condition being studied is a rare disease  |  No  | 
| E.2 Objective of the trial | 
| E.2.1 | Main objective of the trial  | 
| The study is primarily aimed at evaluating whether ACE-inhibitor therapy on top of immunosuppression is able to reduce the extent of extracapillary proliferation as compared to immunosuppressive therapy alone. | 
 
| Obiettivo primario dello studio ¿ quello di valutare se la terapia con un ACE-inibitore sia in grado, in associazione alla terapia immunosoppressiva standard, di ridurre l¿entit¿ della proliferazione delle lesioni extracapillari rispetto alla sola terapia immunosoppressiva standard in pazienti con glomerulonefrite extracapillare. | 
 
 
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| E.2.2 | Secondary objectives of the trial  | 
The study will secondarily aimed at evaluating the effects of ACE inhibitor add-on treatment on: - regression of the expression of the parietal cell proliferation markers CD24, CD133, CXCR4, SDF-1, nephrin, and AT1 receptor and of macrophage migration and activation markers CD68, MMP-12; - prevention of the fibrosclerotic evolution of proliferative extracapillary lesions; - glomerular filtration rate (GFR) (8), and other renal hemodynamic parameters  - need of immunosuppression, extracorporeal plasma-exchange and need of renal replacement therapy to treat acute renal failure; - need of renal replacement therapy to treat end stage renal failure; - serious and non serious adverse events; - cost/effectiveness.  
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Valutare l¿effetto della terapia con ACE inibitori in aggiunta al trattamento immunosoppressivo standard su: - Regressione dell¿espressione dei marcatori di proliferazione cellulare sulle cellule parietali dalla capsula di Bowman (CD24, CD133, CXCR4, SDF-1, nefrina, recettore AT1), e dei marker di attivazione e migrazione dei macrofagi (CD68, MMP-12); - Prevenzione dell¿evoluzione fibrotica delle lesioni proliferative; - Velocit¿ di filtrazione glomerulare (GFR) ed altri parametri emodinamici renali; - Necessit¿ di trattamento con immunosoppressori, plasmaferesi e necessit¿ di ricorrere alla terapia renale sostitutiva per trattare l¿insufficienza renale acuta; - Necessit¿ di ricorrere alla terapia renale sostitutiva per trattare l¿insufficienza renale terminale; - Eventi avversi (seri e non seri); - Rapporto costo/efficacia.  
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| E.2.3 | Trial contains a sub-study  |  No  | 
| E.3 | Principal inclusion criteria  | 
- Males and females; - Adult age (>18 years old);   - Rapidly progressive renal failure associated with acute nephritic syndrome and/or nephrotic syndrome; - Histology evidence of extracapillary proliferation with less than 50% of sclerotic glomeruli and associated with: Type I: Anti-Glomerular Basement Membrane (GBM) antibody glomerulonephritis, Type II: Pauci-immune vasculitis or Anti Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody (ANCA) associated vasculitis; Type III: Immune-complex mediated glomerular diseases: - Proliferative lupus nephritis (LN),  - IgA nephropathy (IgAN)/ Schönlein-Henoch purpura,  - Type I membranoproliferative glomerulonephropathy (MPGN), - Primary or secondary membranous nephropathy (MN), - Primary or idhiopatic immune complex glomerulonephritis. - Clinical indication to immunosuppressive therapy; - No specific indication to treatment with RAS inhibitors such as heart failure or coronary ischemic disease; - Written informed consent. 
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- Maschi e femmine di età superiore ai 18 anni;  - Progressione rapida dell’insufficienza renale associata a nefrite acuta e/o sindrome nefrosica; - Evidenza istologica di proliferazione extracapillare, con meno del 50% dei glomeruli interessati da sclerosi, in presenza di :      Tipo I: glomerulonefrite caratterizzata dalla   presenza di anticorpi anti-GBM,       Tipo II: Vasculite pauci-immune o ANCA-associata,      Tipo III: Malattie glomerulari mediate da immunocomplessi:  - Nefrite lupica proliferativa,  - Nefropatia da depositi di  IgA/ Porpora di Schönlein-Henoch,  - Glomerulopatia membranoproliferativa di Tipo I,   - Nefropatia membranosa (MN) primitiva o secondaria; - Glomerulonefrite da immunocomplessi primitiva o idiopatica; - Indicazione clinica alla terapia immunosoppressiva; - Assenza di indicazioni specifiche all’impiego di inibitori del RAS, come presenza di insufficienza cardiaca o ischemia coronarica; - Consenso informato scritto. 
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| E.4 | Principal exclusion criteria | 
- Pre-existing advanced chronic renal failure (creatinine clearance less than 20 ml/min/1.73m2); - Evidence of B or C virus active infection;  - HIV infection;  - Recent diagnosis of malignancy; - Prolonged bleeding time and any other contraindication to kidney biopsy evaluation; - Any specific contraindication to ACE inhibitor therapy (that is: history of angioedema a or other treatment-related serious adverse events); - Pregnancy or lactating; - Women of childbearing potential without following a scientifically accepted form of contraception; - Inability to understand the risks and benefit of the study or evidence of an uncooperative attitude; - Legal incapacity. 
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- Insufficienza renale cronica avanzata con clearance della creatinina inferiore a  20 ml/min/1.73m2; - Evidenza di epatite B o C attiva;  - Infezione da HIV;  - Diagnosi recente di tumore; - Allungamento del tempo di sanguinamento e qualsiasi altra controindicazione all’esecuzione della biopsia; - Controindicazioni alla terapia con ACE inibitori (ad esempio anamnesi di angioedema o altri effetti collaterali gravi correlati alla terapia); - Gravidanza o allattamento; - Donne potenzialmente fertili che non utilizzino un sistema contraccettivo di provata validità;  - Incapacità di comprendere i rischi e i benefici dello studio o evidente incapacità a cooperare;  - Incapacità legale. 
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| E.5 End points | 
| E.5.1 | Primary end point(s) | 
The extent of extracapillary proliferation on light microscopy (% of total glomeruli with proliferative lesions) at post-treatment repeat biopsy. 
 
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| Entità della proliferazione extracapillare (% di glomeruli con lesioni proliferative) valutata al microscopio  sulla biopsia post-trattamento.  | 
 
 
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| E.5.1.1 | Timepoint(s) of evaluation of this end point | 
| At basal, 6 and 12 months after randomizaion.. | 
 
| Al basale, a 6 e 12 mesi dopo la randomizzazione. | 
 
 
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| E.5.2 | Secondary end point(s) | 
| Crescent score or crescent index.; -	Expression of the parietal cell proliferation markers CD24, CD133, CXCR4, SDF-1, nephrin, and AT1 receptor and of macrophage migration and activation markers CD68, MMP-12 by immunohistochemistry (grading 0 to 3, where 0=no staining, 1=mild, 2=moderate, 3=strong diffuse); Number of fibrosclerotic crescents versus baseline.; Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) as measured by the iohexol plasma clearance, sodium, albumin and total IgG fractional clearances. | 
 
| ¿Crescent Score¿ o indice di estensione delle semilune; -	Espressione dei marcatori di attivazione di proliferazione cellulare (CD24, CD133, CXCR4, SDF-1, nefrina, recettori AT1) e dei marker di attivazione e migrazione dei macrofagi (CD68, MMP-12) valutata mediante immunoistochimica (grading da 0 a 3, dove 0 = nessuna colorazione, 1 = debole, 2 = moderata, 3 = diffusa severa).; Numero di semilune rispetto al basale.; Velocit¿ di filtrazione glomerulare (GFR), misurata con la clearance plasmatica dello ioexolo, clearance frazionata di sodio, albumina e IgG totali. | 
 
 
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| E.5.2.1 | Timepoint(s) of evaluation of this end point | 
| At basal, 6 and 12 months after randomization.; At basal, 6 and 12 months after randomization.; At basal, 6 and 12 months after randomization.; At baseline, 6, 12 and 18 months after randomization. | 
 
| Al basale, a 6 e 12 mesi dopo la randomizzazione.; Al basale, a 6 e 12 mesi dopo la randomizzazione.; Al basale, a 6 e 12 mesi dopo la randomizzazione.; Al basale, 6, 12 e 18 mesi dopo la randomizzazione. | 
 
 
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| E.6 and E.7 Scope of the trial | 
| E.6 | Scope of the trial | 
| E.6.1 | Diagnosis |  No  | 
| E.6.2 | Prophylaxis |  No  | 
| E.6.3 | Therapy |  No  | 
| E.6.4 | Safety |  Yes  | 
| E.6.5 | Efficacy |  Yes  | 
| E.6.6 | Pharmacokinetic |  No  | 
| E.6.7 | Pharmacodynamic |  No  | 
| E.6.8 | Bioequivalence |  No  | 
| E.6.9 | Dose response |  No  | 
| E.6.10 | Pharmacogenetic |  No  | 
| E.6.11 | Pharmacogenomic |  No  | 
| E.6.12 | Pharmacoeconomic |  No  | 
| E.6.13 | Others |  No  | 
| E.7 | Trial type and phase | 
| E.7.1 | Human pharmacology (Phase I) |  No  | 
| E.7.1.1 | First administration to humans |  No  | 
| E.7.1.2 | Bioequivalence study |  No  | 
| E.7.1.3 | Other |  No  | 
| E.7.1.3.1 | Other trial type description |  | 
| E.7.2 | Therapeutic exploratory (Phase II) |  Yes  | 
| E.7.3 | Therapeutic confirmatory (Phase III) |  No  | 
| E.7.4 | Therapeutic use (Phase IV) |  No  | 
| E.8 Design of the trial | 
| E.8.1 | Controlled |  Yes  | 
| E.8.1.1 | Randomised |  Yes  | 
| E.8.1.2 | Open |  Yes  | 
| E.8.1.3 | Single blind |  No  | 
| E.8.1.4 | Double blind  |  No  | 
| E.8.1.5 | Parallel group |  Yes  | 
| E.8.1.6 | Cross over  |  No  | 
| E.8.1.7 | Other |  Yes  | 
| E.8.1.7.1 | Other trial design description | 
| Disegno PROBE | 
 
| PROBE design | 
 
 
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| E.8.2 |  Comparator of controlled trial | 
| E.8.2.1 | Other medicinal product(s) |  No  | 
| E.8.2.2 | Placebo  |  No  | 
| E.8.2.3 | Other |  Yes  | 
| E.8.2.3.1 | Comparator description | 
| terapia standard | 
 
| standard therapy | 
 
 
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| E.8.2.4 | Number of treatment arms in the trial | 2 | 
| E.8.3 | 
                                The trial involves single site in the Member State concerned
                             |  Yes  | 
| E.8.4 |  The trial involves multiple sites in the Member State concerned  |  No  | 
| E.8.4.1 | Number of sites anticipated in Member State concerned | 1 | 
| E.8.5 | The trial involves multiple Member States |  No  | 
| E.8.5.1 | Number of sites anticipated in the EEA | 1 | 
| E.8.6 Trial involving sites outside the EEA | 
| E.8.6.1 | Trial being conducted both within and outside the EEA |  No  | 
| E.8.6.2 | Trial being conducted completely outside of the EEA |  Information not present in EudraCT  | 
| E.8.7 | Trial has a data monitoring committee |  No  | 
| E.8.8 | 
                        Definition of the end of the trial and justification where it is not the last
                        visit of the last subject undergoing the trial
                     | 
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| E.8.9 Initial estimate of the duration of the trial | 
| E.8.9.1 | In the Member State concerned years | 0 | 
| E.8.9.1 | In the Member State concerned months | 42 | 
| E.8.9.1 | In the Member State concerned days | 0 | 
| E.8.9.2 | In all countries concerned by the trial years | 0 | 
| E.8.9.2 | In all countries concerned by the trial months | 42 | 
| E.8.9.2 | In all countries concerned by the trial days | 0 |