E.1 Medical condition or disease under investigation |
E.1.1 | Medical condition(s) being investigated |
Pain after ambulatory surgery |
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E.1.1.1 | Medical condition in easily understood language |
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E.1.1.2 | Therapeutic area | Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment [E] - Anesthesia and Analgesia [E03] |
MedDRA Classification |
E.1.3 | Condition being studied is a rare disease | No |
E.2 Objective of the trial |
E.2.1 | Main objective of the trial |
The primary objective of this study was twofold: 1) to assess and compare the analgesic efficacy of a combination of metamizol and paracetamol with our current pain protocol (a combination of paracetamol and ibuprofen) in the treatment of acute postoperative pain at home after painful day-case surgery. We hypothesized that ambulatory patients postoperatively treated with metamizol/paracetamol would achieve equal or even better pain relief compared to patients treated with ibuprofen/paracetamol. 2) To assess and compare recovery profile of two the study groups
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Het primaire doel van deze studie is tweeledig: 1. Het bestuderen en vergelijken van de analgetische kracht van een combinatie van paracetamol en dipyrone in een groep van patiënten die pijnlijke ambulante chirurgie ondergaan met het standaard pijnprotocol (paracetamol/ibuprofen). Onze hypothese is dat de combinatie van paracetamol met dipyrone minstens een even grote pijnreductie geeft vergeleken met het huidige standaard pijn protocol. 2. Het bestuderen en vergelijken van het herstelprofiel van de twee behandelgroepen.
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E.2.2 | Secondary objectives of the trial |
- to assess adverse effects of study medication - to assess compliance with study medication - to assess use of rescue medication - to assess satisfaction with study medication - to assess predictors of postoperative pain and poor recovery |
Secundaire onderzoeksdoelen zijn het nagaan van eventuele nadelige effecten van studiemedicatie, het gebruik van rescue-medicatie (dipidolor iv in recovery en tramadol oraal thuis), het bestuderen van de patiënttevredenheid, de compliantie met studiemedicatie en predictoren van postoperatieve pijn en recovery |
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E.2.3 | Trial contains a sub-study | No |
E.3 | Principal inclusion criteria |
- Patients aged between 18 and 70 years - ASA classification 1,2 or 3 - one of the following ambulatory surgical procedures: - anal surgery (anal fissura or haemmorrhoids) - arthroscopy knee - arthroscopy shoulder with interscalenus block - inguinal hernia repair
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- Patiënten in de leeftijdscategorie ≥18 jaar en ≤70jaar - ASA classificatie 1,2 of 3 - 1 van de volgende ingrepen: Anale chirurgie (Anale fissuur of haemmorhoïden), arthroscopie knie, arthroscopie schouder met interscalenusblok en liesbreukherstel
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E.4 | Principal exclusion criteria |
not meeting inclusion criteria, cognitive impairment or no understanding of the dutch language, preoperative pharmacologic pain treatment with opioids, chronic pain (fibromyalgia, CRPS, etc), allergy to or a contraindication for taking the study medication (e.g. paracetamol, metamizole, ibuprofen or another NSAID), porphyria, pregnancy, lactation, history of severe renal, hepatic, pulmonary, or cardiac failure, current symptoms or history of gastrointestinal bleeding, ileus, chronic obstipation, history of substance abuse, or use of medication with a suppressive effect on the central nervous system, hypotension, hematological disaese, use of anti-rheumatic drugs, rhinosinusitis or nasal polyposis, Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, fever or other signs of infection |
- Leeftijd <18 jaar en >70 jaar - Onmogelijke toepassing van de NRS voor de meting van de pijnintensiteit. Vb: visuele dysfunctie, dementie, geen beheersing Nederlandse taal - Preoperatieve therapie met opioïden - Chronische pijn patiënten (fibromyalgie, CRPS, enz) - Overgevoeligheid voor metamizole, alcohol, paracetamol of ibuprofen (en andere NSAIDs) - Porphyrie - Congenitaal tekort aan glucose-6-fosfaat dehydrogenase - Zwangerschap en borstvoeding - Ernstige nier- en leverfunctiestoornissen - Astma of Ernstige COPD, emfyseem - Rhinosinusitis of neuspoliepen - Chronische obstipatie - Gebruik van anti-rheumatische middelen - Hematologische ziekte - Hypotensie - Ulcus pepticum, maagdarmbloedingen: actief of in de anamnese - Gastro-intestinale bloeding of perforatie als gevolg van gebruik van cyclooxygenase-inhibitoren in de anamnese - Ernstig hartfalen - Opioidabusus, alcoholabusus of abusus van andere centraal depressieve stoffen de in de anamnese - Koorts of andere tekens van acute infectie
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E.5 End points |
E.5.1 | Primary end point(s) |
• Postoperative pain intensity measured by Numerical Rating Score (NRS): is there a difference in postoperative pain intensitiy between the two study groups? A small difference of more than 1 point (on NRS) is deliberately considered clinically relevant, since we make use of a non-inferiority design. • Postoperative quality of recovery, measured by three tools: o Global Surgical Recovery (GSR) o EQ-5D (an instrument to measure quality of life) o Functional Recovery Index (FRI) -> Is there a difference in quality of recovery between the two study groups?
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• Postoperatieve pijnintensiteit gemeten door Numerical Rating Score (NRS). Vraagstelling: Is er een verschil in postoperatieve pijnintensiteit in de verschillende behandelgroepen? Een verschil van meer dan 1 punt op de NRS wordt als klinisch relevant beschouwd. Dit verschil wordt bewust zo klein gehouden omdat het een non-inferiority trial betreft. • Postoperatief herstel gemeten door de Global Surgical Recovery (GSR), de verschil-score van de EQ-5D en de FRI (Functional Recovery Index) Vraagstelling: Is er een verschil in herstel in de verschillende behandelgroepen, gemeten met de 3 verschillende meetinstrumenten?
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E.5.1.1 | Timepoint(s) of evaluation of this end point |
Pain intensity will be assessed at movement and at rest by NRS pre-operatively (baseline) and postoperatively in the postanesthetic care unit (PACU) and in the surgical holding area before discharge (day 0). After discharge postoperative pain intensity at rest and at movement will be assessed by NRS one time a day using a diary for up to 96 hours after surgery (day 1,2,3,4), and also at one week (day 7), two weeks (day 14) and one month (day 28) after surgery. For quality of recovery, a baseline measurement of EQ-5D and FRI will be done preoperatively. Quality of recovery will be assessed by GSR, EQ-5D and FRI one time a day for up to 96 hours after surgery (day 1,2,3,4) and also at one week (day 7) two weeks (day 14) and one month (day 28) after surgery.
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Pijnintensiteit: NRS wordt voor de ingreep (basislijn), op de recovery na de ingreep en voor ontslag naar huis gemeten. De patiënten wordt een dagboek meegegeven, waarin 1 keer per dag de NRS in rust en de NRS bij beweging ingevuld wordt (dag 1 t.e.m. 4 en dag 7). Tevens wordt de NRS in rust en beweging op dag 14 en 28 gemeten. Kwaliteit van herstel: Voor de ingreep (basislijn) wordt de pre-operatieve EQ-5D en PQRS gemeten Op postoperatieve dagen 4, 7, 14, 28 wordt de de GSR, de post-operatieve EQ-5D en de PQRS gescoord.
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E.5.2 | Secondary end point(s) |
- to assess adverse effects of study medication: PONV, micturition problems, pyrosis, constipation, abdominal complaints, signs of agranulocytosis or thrombocytopenia, etc. - to assess compliance with study medication by checking whether patients used the study medication as prescribed and the use of other pain medication - to assess use of rescue medication: amount of iv piritramide applied at the PACU and amount of tramadol taken at home - to assess patient satisfaction with study medication by an 11-point numeric scale - to assess predictors of postoperative pain and poor recovery |
• Neveneffecten van de gebruikte analgetica: pyrosis, tekens van agranulocytosis of thrombocytopenie, enz • Patiënttevredenheid met studiemedicatie • Gebruik van rescue-medicatie (dipidolor in recovery en tramadol thuis) • Compliantie met studiemedicatie thuis
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E.5.2.1 | Timepoint(s) of evaluation of this end point |
- adverse effects of study medication: postoperative day 0,1,2,3,4,7,14,28 - compliance with study medication: postoperative day 0,1,2,3,4 - use of rescue medication: postoperative day 0,1,2,3,4 - patient satisfaction with study medication: postoperative day 7 - to assess predictors of postoperative pain: postoperative day 0,1,2,3,4 - to assess predictors of poor recovery: postoperative day 4,7,14,28 |
• Neveneffecten van de gebruikte analgetica: dag 0,1,2,3,4,7,14,28 postoperatief • Patiënttevredenheid met studiemedicatie: dag 7 postoperatief • Gebruik van rescue-medicatie: dag 0,1,2,3,4 postoperatief • Compliantie met studiemedicatie thuis: dag 1,2,3,4 postoperatief • Predictoren van postoperatieve pijn: dag 1,2,3,4 postoperatief • Predictoren van slecht herstel: dag 4,7,14,28 postoperatief |
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E.6 and E.7 Scope of the trial |
E.6 | Scope of the trial |
E.6.1 | Diagnosis | No |
E.6.2 | Prophylaxis | No |
E.6.3 | Therapy | Yes |
E.6.4 | Safety | Yes |
E.6.5 | Efficacy | Yes |
E.6.6 | Pharmacokinetic | No |
E.6.7 | Pharmacodynamic | No |
E.6.8 | Bioequivalence | No |
E.6.9 | Dose response | No |
E.6.10 | Pharmacogenetic | No |
E.6.11 | Pharmacogenomic | No |
E.6.12 | Pharmacoeconomic | No |
E.6.13 | Others | No |
E.7 | Trial type and phase |
E.7.1 | Human pharmacology (Phase I) | No |
E.7.1.1 | First administration to humans | No |
E.7.1.2 | Bioequivalence study | No |
E.7.1.3 | Other | No |
E.7.1.3.1 | Other trial type description | |
E.7.2 | Therapeutic exploratory (Phase II) | No |
E.7.3 | Therapeutic confirmatory (Phase III) | No |
E.7.4 | Therapeutic use (Phase IV) | Yes |
E.8 Design of the trial |
E.8.1 | Controlled | Yes |
E.8.1.1 | Randomised | Yes |
E.8.1.2 | Open | No |
E.8.1.3 | Single blind | No |
E.8.1.4 | Double blind | Yes |
E.8.1.5 | Parallel group | Yes |
E.8.1.6 | Cross over | No |
E.8.1.7 | Other | No |
E.8.2 | Comparator of controlled trial |
E.8.2.1 | Other medicinal product(s) | Yes |
E.8.2.2 | Placebo | No |
E.8.2.3 | Other | No |
E.8.2.4 | Number of treatment arms in the trial | 2 |
E.8.3 |
The trial involves single site in the Member State concerned
| Yes |
E.8.4 | The trial involves multiple sites in the Member State concerned | No |
E.8.5 | The trial involves multiple Member States | No |
E.8.6 Trial involving sites outside the EEA |
E.8.6.1 | Trial being conducted both within and outside the EEA | No |
E.8.6.2 | Trial being conducted completely outside of the EEA | No |
E.8.7 | Trial has a data monitoring committee | No |
E.8.8 |
Definition of the end of the trial and justification where it is not the last
visit of the last subject undergoing the trial
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E.8.9 Initial estimate of the duration of the trial |
E.8.9.1 | In the Member State concerned years | |
E.8.9.1 | In the Member State concerned months | 6 |
E.8.9.1 | In the Member State concerned days | |