E.1 Medical condition or disease under investigation |
E.1.1 | Medical condition(s) being investigated |
Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension |
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E.1.1.1 | Medical condition in easily understood language |
An increased blood pressure in the pulmonary artery leading to shortness of breath, dizziness, fainting, leg swelling and/or other symptoms. |
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E.1.1.2 | Therapeutic area | Diseases [C] - Respiratory Tract Diseases [C08] |
MedDRA Classification |
E.1.2 Medical condition or disease under investigation |
E.1.2 | Version | 19.0 |
E.1.2 | Level | PT |
E.1.2 | Classification code | 10064911 |
E.1.2 | Term | Pulmonary arterial hypertension |
E.1.2 | System Organ Class | 10038738 - Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders |
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E.1.3 | Condition being studied is a rare disease | Yes |
E.2 Objective of the trial |
E.2.1 | Main objective of the trial |
To evaluate the efficacy of inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) on exercise using 6-minute walk distance (6MWD) in subjects with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) currently receiving background PAH medication and LTOT. |
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E.2.2 | Secondary objectives of the trial |
To evaluate the safety and tolerability of iNO |
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E.2.3 | Trial contains a sub-study | No |
E.3 | Principal inclusion criteria |
Inclusion criteria: 1. Signed Informed Consent Form (and assent as appropriate) prior to the initiation of any study mandated procedures or assessments 2. A confirmed diagnosis of PAH Group 1 who have either idiopathic PAH (IPAH), heritable PAH, drug and toxin-induced PAH, associated PAH (APAH) with connective tissue disease (CTD), APAH with repaired simple congenital systemic to pulmonary shunt (i.e., atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect and/or patent ductus arteriosus; complete repair at least 1 year prior to Screening), APAH with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), or APAH with portal hypertension 3. Subjects receiving at least one PAH specific therapy (ERA or PDE-5 inhibitor, or inhaled, subcutaneous, or intravenous prostacyclin or a prostacyclin analog) with the same type of therapy for at least 3 months with stable dosing 4 weeks prior to Screening. (Subjects should be receiving optimal therapy according to the disease severity) 4. Subjects using oxygen therapy by nasal cannula for at least 4 weeks prior to Screening 5. PAH diagnosis confirmed by RHC within the previous 5 years, according to the following definitions: • PVR ≥ 400 dynes.sec.cm-5 (5 Wood units) • mPAP ≥ 25 mmHg • PCWP or LVEDP ≤ 15 mmHg • Subjects who otherwise meet all the inclusion criteria and none of the exclusion criteria but have not undergone a RHC within the previous 5 years may be considered eligible for the study if they undergo a RHC and then meet the pulmonary hemodynamics criterion 6. 6MWD ≥ 100 meters and ≤ 450 meters prior to randomization 7. WHO Functional Class II-IV. Subjects with WHO Functional Class IV should be treated with prostacyclin or a prostacyclin analog (subcutaneous or intravenous), plus at least one additional PAH specific therapy (ERA or PDE-5), if available to the subject and reimbursed by health insurance 8. Age between 18 and 80 years (inclusive) 9. Willingness to use INOpulse delivery device for at least 16 hours per day 10. Willingness to continue on study drug until last subject has completed Week 18 assessments (EOS) 11. Female subjects of childbearing potential must have a negative pre-treatment pregnancy test (serum or urine). All female subjects should take adequate precaution to avoid pregnancy.
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E.4 | Principal exclusion criteria |
Exclusion criteria: 1. Subjects with known HIV infection who have a history within the past 3 months of any opportunistic pulmonary disease (e.g., tuberculosis, Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, or other pneumonias) at the time of Screening 2. PAH associated with untreated thyroid disorders, glycogen storage disease, Gaucher’s disease, hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, hemoglobinopathies, myeloproliferative disorders or splenectomy 3. Subjects with pulmonary conditions that may contribute to PAH including, but not limited to, chronic bronchiectasis, cystic fibrosis, or other pulmonary condition that the Investigator may deem to contribute to the severity of the disease or impair the delivery of iNO due to airway disease 4. Subjects receiving riociguat 5. Subjects receiving oral prostanoids as monotherapy 6. Any subject with unrepaired congenital heart disease or repaired congenital heart disease other than the simple congenital to systemic shunts specified in the inclusion criteria, i.e., PAH associated with non-corrected simple congenital systemic-to-pulmonary shunts, corrected simple congenital systemic-to-pulmonary shunt with residual shunt post repair, or complex systemic-to-pulmonary shunts, corrected or non-corrected, or any other complex congenital heart disease, corrected or non- corrected 7. PAH associated with significant venous or capillary involvement, known or suspected pulmonary veno-occlusive disease, or pulmonary capillary hemangiomatosis 8. Any subject with WHO PH Groups 2, 3, 4 or 5 9. Subjects with any of the following cardiac abnormalities: a. Underlying cardiomyopathy or aortic or mitral valve disease b. Left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD), i.e., left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) < 40% or left ventricular shortening fraction (LVSF) < 22%, as determined by local reading c. Current symptomatic coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction within 1 year, or any coronary artery interventions within 6 months 10. Systemic hypertension defined as systolic blood pressure (SBP) > 160 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) > 100 mmHg persistent at Screening after a period of rest (treated or untreated) 11. Subjects with a history of deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism/infarction or prothrombotic disorder must have had chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) excluded by ventilation/perfusion lung (V/Q) scan 12. Moderate to severe obstructive lung disease defined as both a forced expiratory volume in 1 second/forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC) < 70% and FEV1 < 65% of predicted value 13. Moderate to severe restrictive lung disease: total lung capacity (TLC) < 60% of predicted; if TLC 60% to 70% predicted, a high resolution CT scan showing diffuse disease or more than mild patchy disease 14. Any subject who develops or has developed a PCWP > 20 mmHg during acute vasodilator testing (AVT) 15. Systemic hypotension defined as SBP < 90 mmHg persistent at Screening after a period of rest 16. Moderate to severe hepatic impairment, i.e., Child-Pugh Class B or C 17. On dialysis 18. Acute or chronic physical impairment (other than dyspnea due to PAH) that would limit the ability to comply with study procedures or adherence to therapy (i.e., 6MWT), including carrying and wearing the pulsed delivery device per study protocol, or medical problem(s) likely to preclude completion of the study 19. Pregnant or breastfeeding females at Screening 20. Administered L-arginine within 1 month prior to Screening 21. Known concomitant life-threatening disease with a life expectancy less than 1 year 22. Atrial septostomy within 3 months preceding randomization 23. Any subject who requires the use of a continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP), or any other positive pressure devices 24. Use of investigational drugs or devices within 1 month prior to Screening (other than acute vasodilator testing with iNO) 25. Any underlying medical or psychiatric condition that, in the opinion of the Investigator, makes the subject an unsuitable candidate for the study 26. Any subject who has been enrolled in any previous clinical study with inhaled NO administered through pulse delivery.
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E.5 End points |
E.5.1 | Primary end point(s) |
Primary Endpoint: The efficacy of iNO as measured by the placebo-adjusted change in 6MWD from baseline to 18 weeks. |
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E.5.1.1 | Timepoint(s) of evaluation of this end point |
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E.5.2 | Secondary end point(s) |
Secondary Endpoints: 1. TTCW (for the combined studies PULSE-PAH-003 and PULSE-PAH-004). The time (in days) from start of treatment to first event (first day the event is noted), with iNO as compared to placebo, measured from baseline to end of study (EOS). TTCW event is defined as any of the following: a. Death (all-cause mortality) b. Atrial septostomy c. Hospitalization due to worsening of PAH (adjudicated) d. Start of new specific PAH treatment (endothelin receptor antagonists [ERAs], phosphodiesterase type-5 [PDE-5] inhibitors or prostanoids), an increase in the dose of an ERA or PDE-5, increase in the dose or frequency of an inhaled prostanoids, or an increase in the dose of an intravenous or subcutaneous prostanoids by >10%. e. Decrease of >15% from baseline or > 30% compared with the last study related measurement in 6MWD and should be confirmed by a repeat measurement performed at least 14 days later f. Worsening of WHO Functional Class (e.g., from Class II to Class III or IV, OR, Class III to Class IV); and should be confirmed by a repeat assessment at least 14 days later 2. Change in WHO Functional Class, with iNO as compared to placebo, from baseline to 18 weeks.
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E.5.2.1 | Timepoint(s) of evaluation of this end point |
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E.6 and E.7 Scope of the trial |
E.6 | Scope of the trial |
E.6.1 | Diagnosis | No |
E.6.2 | Prophylaxis | No |
E.6.3 | Therapy | Yes |
E.6.4 | Safety | Yes |
E.6.5 | Efficacy | Yes |
E.6.6 | Pharmacokinetic | No |
E.6.7 | Pharmacodynamic | No |
E.6.8 | Bioequivalence | No |
E.6.9 | Dose response | No |
E.6.10 | Pharmacogenetic | No |
E.6.11 | Pharmacogenomic | No |
E.6.12 | Pharmacoeconomic | No |
E.6.13 | Others | No |
E.7 | Trial type and phase |
E.7.1 | Human pharmacology (Phase I) | No |
E.7.1.1 | First administration to humans | No |
E.7.1.2 | Bioequivalence study | No |
E.7.1.3 | Other | No |
E.7.1.3.1 | Other trial type description | |
E.7.2 | Therapeutic exploratory (Phase II) | No |
E.7.3 | Therapeutic confirmatory (Phase III) | Yes |
E.7.4 | Therapeutic use (Phase IV) | No |
E.8 Design of the trial |
E.8.1 | Controlled | Yes |
E.8.1.1 | Randomised | Yes |
E.8.1.2 | Open | No |
E.8.1.3 | Single blind | No |
E.8.1.4 | Double blind | Yes |
E.8.1.5 | Parallel group | Yes |
E.8.1.6 | Cross over | No |
E.8.1.7 | Other | No |
E.8.2 | Comparator of controlled trial |
E.8.2.1 | Other medicinal product(s) | No |
E.8.2.2 | Placebo | Yes |
E.8.2.3 | Other | No |
E.8.2.4 | Number of treatment arms in the trial | 2 |
E.8.3 |
The trial involves single site in the Member State concerned
| No |
E.8.4 | The trial involves multiple sites in the Member State concerned | Yes |
E.8.4.1 | Number of sites anticipated in Member State concerned | 3 |
E.8.5 | The trial involves multiple Member States | Yes |
E.8.5.1 | Number of sites anticipated in the EEA | 37 |
E.8.6 Trial involving sites outside the EEA |
E.8.6.1 | Trial being conducted both within and outside the EEA | Yes |
E.8.6.2 | Trial being conducted completely outside of the EEA | No |
E.8.6.3 | If E.8.6.1 or E.8.6.2 are Yes, specify the regions in which trial sites are planned |
Australia |
Belgium |
Canada |
Croatia |
Czech Republic |
France |
Germany |
Israel |
Italy |
Korea, Republic of |
Netherlands |
Portugal |
Serbia |
Spain |
Ukraine |
United Kingdom |
United States |
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E.8.7 | Trial has a data monitoring committee | Yes |
E.8.8 |
Definition of the end of the trial and justification where it is not the last
visit of the last subject undergoing the trial
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E.8.9 Initial estimate of the duration of the trial |
E.8.9.1 | In the Member State concerned years | 2 |
E.8.9.1 | In the Member State concerned months | 0 |
E.8.9.1 | In the Member State concerned days | 0 |
E.8.9.2 | In all countries concerned by the trial years | 2 |
E.8.9.2 | In all countries concerned by the trial months | 0 |
E.8.9.2 | In all countries concerned by the trial days | 0 |