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    Clinical Trial Results:
    A Phase 3, Multicenter, Randomized, Open-Label Study of Guadecitabine (SGI-110) versus Treatment Choice in Adults with Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS) or Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia (CMML) Previously Treated with Hypomethylating Agent

    Summary
    EudraCT number
    2015-005257-12
    Trial protocol
    BE   DE   CZ   ES   PL   DK   SE  
    Global end of trial date
    30 Nov 2020

    Results information
    Results version number
    v2(current)
    This version publication date
    08 Jul 2023
    First version publication date
    17 Dec 2021
    Other versions
    v1
    Version creation reason
    • Correction of full data set
    Updates to be made to align with CTG record based on PRS QC Comments

    Trial information

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    Trial identification
    Sponsor protocol code
    SGI-110-07
    Additional study identifiers
    ISRCTN number
    -
    US NCT number
    NCT02907359
    WHO universal trial number (UTN)
    -
    Sponsors
    Sponsor organisation name
    Astex Pharmaceuticals, Inc
    Sponsor organisation address
    4420 Rosewood Drive, Suite 200, Pleasanton, United States, CA 94588
    Public contact
    Astex Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Astex Pharmaceuticals, Inc, SGI-110-07@astx.com
    Scientific contact
    SGI-110-07 study mailbox, SGI-110-07 study mailbox, SGI-110-07@astx.com
    Paediatric regulatory details
    Is trial part of an agreed paediatric investigation plan (PIP)
    No
    Does article 45 of REGULATION (EC) No 1901/2006 apply to this trial?
    No
    Does article 46 of REGULATION (EC) No 1901/2006 apply to this trial?
    No
    Results analysis stage
    Analysis stage
    Final
    Date of interim/final analysis
    30 Nov 2020
    Is this the analysis of the primary completion data?
    No
    Global end of trial reached?
    Yes
    Global end of trial date
    30 Nov 2020
    Was the trial ended prematurely?
    No
    General information about the trial
    Main objective of the trial
    The primary objective of the trial is to assess and compare overall survival (OS) between guadecitabine and treatment choice (TC) in adults with MDS or CMML previously treated with a hypomethylating agent (azacitidine or decitabine, or both).
    Protection of trial subjects
    All study subjects were required to read and sign an Informed Consent Form.
    Background therapy
    -
    Evidence for comparator
    -
    Actual start date of recruitment
    13 Jan 2017
    Long term follow-up planned
    Yes
    Long term follow-up rationale
    Safety, Efficacy
    Long term follow-up duration
    38 Months
    Independent data monitoring committee (IDMC) involvement?
    Yes
    Population of trial subjects
    Number of subjects enrolled per country
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Czechia: 15
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Denmark: 14
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    France: 40
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Germany: 7
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Italy: 31
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Japan: 71
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Poland: 14
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Korea, Republic of: 19
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Spain: 32
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    United Kingdom: 11
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Canada: 25
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    United States: 125
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Belgium: 13
    Worldwide total number of subjects
    417
    EEA total number of subjects
    166
    Number of subjects enrolled per age group
    In utero
    0
    Preterm newborn - gestational age < 37 wk
    0
    Newborns (0-27 days)
    0
    Infants and toddlers (28 days-23 months)
    0
    Children (2-11 years)
    0
    Adolescents (12-17 years)
    0
    Adults (18-64 years)
    34
    From 65 to 84 years
    370
    85 years and over
    13

    Subject disposition

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    Recruitment
    Recruitment details
    Subjects took part in the study at 101 investigative sites in the United States, Canada, Spain, Italy, France, Germany, Czech Republic, Denmark, Poland, Belgium, Sweden, United Kingdom, Japan, South Korea from 13 January 2017 to 30 November 2020.

    Pre-assignment
    Screening details
    A total of 417 subjects were randomised (277 in Guadecitabine arm group and 140 in Treatment Choice arm group) and 392 received treatment. Of 417 subjects, 48 completed the study.

    Period 1
    Period 1 title
    Overall Study (overall period)
    Is this the baseline period?
    Yes
    Allocation method
    Randomised - controlled
    Blinding used
    Not blinded

    Arms
    Are arms mutually exclusive
    Yes

    Arm title
    Guadecitabine
    Arm description
    Subjects received Guadecitabine 60 milligrams per square meter (mg/m^2), subcutaneously (SC), on Days 1-5 of each 28-day cycle for at least 6 cycles in the absence of unacceptable toxicity or disease progression requiring alternative therapy. Subjects received Guadecitabine treatment beyond 6 cycles as long as the subject continued to benefit based on investigator judgment and subject response and tolerability (or up to a maximum of 36 cycles).
    Arm type
    Experimental

    Investigational medicinal product name
    Guadecitabine
    Investigational medicinal product code
    SGI-110
    Other name
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Solution for injection
    Routes of administration
    Subcutaneous use
    Dosage and administration details
    Guadecitabine 60 mg/m^2 was administered as subcutaneous injection on Days 1-5 of each 28-day cycle.

    Arm title
    Treatment Choice
    Arm description
    Subjects received 1/3 treatment choice options:1.Low dose cytarabine(LDAC)20mg/m^2 SC or intravenous(IV)once daily for 14 days(28day cycles)for at least 4 cycles in absence of disease progression/unacceptable toxicity.Subjects who were responding/had stable disease were to continue treatment as per standard&institutional practice.2.Standard Intensive Chemotherapy(IC)of 7+3 regimen:Cytarabine 100-200mg/m^2/day given as continuous infusion for 7 days, anthracycline(daunorubicin(45-60mg)/idarubicin(9-12mg)/mitoxantrone(8-12mg)/m^2)by IV infusion for 3 days(28day cycles).3.Best Supportive Care(BSC)as needed during treatment included,but was not limited to,blood transfusions(Red blood cells[RBCs]or platelets),growth factors:erythropoiesis stimulating agents,granulocyte stimulating factors,iron chelating therapy,broad-spectrum antibiotics and/or antifungals.Duration for treatment choice:as per locally approved prescribing information&institutional standard practice/up to maximum 30 cycles
    Arm type
    Active comparator

    Investigational medicinal product name
    Cytarabine
    Investigational medicinal product code
    Other name
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Injection
    Routes of administration
    Intravenous use, Subcutaneous use
    Dosage and administration details
    Low dose cytarabine (LDAC) 20 mg/m^2 SC or IV once daily for 14 days of each 28-day cycles for at least 4 cycles; or cytarabine 100-200 mg/m^2/day given as continuous infusion for 7 days as part of Standard Intensive Chemotherapy (IC) of a 7+3 regimen.

    Investigational medicinal product name
    Mitoxantrone
    Investigational medicinal product code
    Other name
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Injection/infusion
    Routes of administration
    Intravenous use
    Dosage and administration details
    Mitoxantrone was given 8-12 mg/m^2 by intravenous infusion for 3 days as part of Standard Intensive Chemotherapy (IC) of a 7+3 regimen.

    Investigational medicinal product name
    Idarubicin
    Investigational medicinal product code
    Other name
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Injection/infusion
    Routes of administration
    Intravenous use
    Dosage and administration details
    Idarubicin was given 9-12 mg/m^2 by intravenous infusion for 3 days as part of Standard Intensive Chemotherapy (IC) of a 7+3 regimen.

    Investigational medicinal product name
    Daunorubicin
    Investigational medicinal product code
    Other name
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Injection/infusion
    Routes of administration
    Intravenous use
    Dosage and administration details
    Daunorubicin was given 45-60 mg/m^2 by intravenous infusion for 3 days as part of Standard Intensive Chemotherapy (IC) of a 7+3 regimen.

    Number of subjects in period 1
    Guadecitabine Treatment Choice
    Started
    277
    140
    Safety Population
    270
    122
    Completed
    36
    12
    Not completed
    241
    128
         Death
    234
    117
         Withdrawal by Subject
    6
    11
         Lost to follow-up
    1
    -

    Baseline characteristics

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    Baseline characteristics reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Guadecitabine
    Reporting group description
    Subjects received Guadecitabine 60 milligrams per square meter (mg/m^2), subcutaneously (SC), on Days 1-5 of each 28-day cycle for at least 6 cycles in the absence of unacceptable toxicity or disease progression requiring alternative therapy. Subjects received Guadecitabine treatment beyond 6 cycles as long as the subject continued to benefit based on investigator judgment and subject response and tolerability (or up to a maximum of 36 cycles).

    Reporting group title
    Treatment Choice
    Reporting group description
    Subjects received 1/3 treatment choice options:1.Low dose cytarabine(LDAC)20mg/m^2 SC or intravenous(IV)once daily for 14 days(28day cycles)for at least 4 cycles in absence of disease progression/unacceptable toxicity.Subjects who were responding/had stable disease were to continue treatment as per standard&institutional practice.2.Standard Intensive Chemotherapy(IC)of 7+3 regimen:Cytarabine 100-200mg/m^2/day given as continuous infusion for 7 days, anthracycline(daunorubicin(45-60mg)/idarubicin(9-12mg)/mitoxantrone(8-12mg)/m^2)by IV infusion for 3 days(28day cycles).3.Best Supportive Care(BSC)as needed during treatment included,but was not limited to,blood transfusions(Red blood cells[RBCs]or platelets),growth factors:erythropoiesis stimulating agents,granulocyte stimulating factors,iron chelating therapy,broad-spectrum antibiotics and/or antifungals.Duration for treatment choice:as per locally approved prescribing information&institutional standard practice/up to maximum 30 cycles

    Reporting group values
    Guadecitabine Treatment Choice Total
    Number of subjects
    277 140 417
    Age Categorical
    Units: Subjects
    Age continuous
    Units: years
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    73.5 ( 7.0 ) 73.7 ( 6.1 ) -
    Gender categorical
    Units: Subjects
        Male
    194 96 290
        Female
    83 44 127
    Ethnicity
    Units: Subjects
        Hispanic or Latino
    24 7 31
        Not Hispanic or Latino
    225 117 342
        Not Reported
    28 16 44
    Race
    Units: Subjects
        White
    179 86 265
        Black or African American
    5 3 8
        Asian
    64 33 97
        American Indian or Alaska Native
    0 1 1
        Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
    0 1 1
        Not Reported
    29 16 45

    End points

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    End points reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Guadecitabine
    Reporting group description
    Subjects received Guadecitabine 60 milligrams per square meter (mg/m^2), subcutaneously (SC), on Days 1-5 of each 28-day cycle for at least 6 cycles in the absence of unacceptable toxicity or disease progression requiring alternative therapy. Subjects received Guadecitabine treatment beyond 6 cycles as long as the subject continued to benefit based on investigator judgment and subject response and tolerability (or up to a maximum of 36 cycles).

    Reporting group title
    Treatment Choice
    Reporting group description
    Subjects received 1/3 treatment choice options:1.Low dose cytarabine(LDAC)20mg/m^2 SC or intravenous(IV)once daily for 14 days(28day cycles)for at least 4 cycles in absence of disease progression/unacceptable toxicity.Subjects who were responding/had stable disease were to continue treatment as per standard&institutional practice.2.Standard Intensive Chemotherapy(IC)of 7+3 regimen:Cytarabine 100-200mg/m^2/day given as continuous infusion for 7 days, anthracycline(daunorubicin(45-60mg)/idarubicin(9-12mg)/mitoxantrone(8-12mg)/m^2)by IV infusion for 3 days(28day cycles).3.Best Supportive Care(BSC)as needed during treatment included,but was not limited to,blood transfusions(Red blood cells[RBCs]or platelets),growth factors:erythropoiesis stimulating agents,granulocyte stimulating factors,iron chelating therapy,broad-spectrum antibiotics and/or antifungals.Duration for treatment choice:as per locally approved prescribing information&institutional standard practice/up to maximum 30 cycles

    Primary: Overall Survival (OS)

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    End point title
    Overall Survival (OS)
    End point description
    OS was defined as the number of days from the day the subject was randomized to the date of death due to any cause. Survival time was censored on the last date the subject is known alive with no event of death. OS time will be estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. The Efficacy Analysis Set included all subjects randomly assigned to the study treatment.
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    From randomisation up to death (up to approximately 38.6 months)
    End point values
    Guadecitabine Treatment Choice
    Number of subjects analysed
    277
    140
    Units: days
        median (confidence interval 95%)
    277.0 (243.0 to 313.0)
    252.0 (200.0 to 325.0)
    Statistical analysis title
    Guadecitabine vs Treatment Choice
    Statistical analysis description
    OS between guadecitabine vs treatment choice using stratified log-rank test. Due to pre-specified hierarchical testing plan, other endpoints were not evaluated for statistical significance.
    Comparison groups
    Guadecitabine v Treatment Choice
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    417
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    superiority
    P-value
    = 0.6063 [1]
    Method
    Stratified Log-rank test
    Parameter type
    Hazard ratio (HR)
    Point estimate
    0.94
    Confidence interval
         level
    95%
         sides
    2-sided
         lower limit
    0.74
         upper limit
    1.19
    Notes
    [1] - The stratification factors include disease category (MDS vs CMML), baseline BM blasts (>10% vs ≤10%), TC option (LDAC vs IC vs BSC), and study center region (North America vs Rest of the world {ROW}).

    Secondary: Percentage of Subjects with Transfusion Independence for Any 8 Consecutive Weeks

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    End point title
    Percentage of Subjects with Transfusion Independence for Any 8 Consecutive Weeks
    End point description
    Transfusion independence rate was calculated as the number of subjects with neither RBC nor platelet transfusion for any period of 8 weeks after the initiation of treatment (or cycle 1 day 1 { C1D1} visit date for subjects randomized to BSC or randomization date for subjects not treated) and up to treatment discontinuation (or 180 days for subjects discontinuing the treatment within 6 months), while maintaining haemoglobin (Hgb) ≥8 gram per decilitre (g/dL) and platelets ≥20×10^9/litre (L) divided by the total number of subjects included in the efficacy analysis. RBC or Platelet transfusion independence rate was defined similarly as above. Percentage of subjects are rounded off to the single decimal point. The Efficacy Analysis Set included all subjects randomly assigned to the study treatment.
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Up to approximately 46.6 months
    End point values
    Guadecitabine Treatment Choice
    Number of subjects analysed
    277
    140
    Units: percentage of subjects
    number (not applicable)
        Transfusion Independence Rate (8 weeks)
    15.9
    15.7
        Platelet Transfusion Independence Rate
    32.1
    37.9
        RBC Transfusion Independence Rate
    22.4
    20.0
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Percentage of Subjects With Marrow Complete Response (mCR) Along With Transfusion Independence Rate

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    End point title
    Percentage of Subjects With Marrow Complete Response (mCR) Along With Transfusion Independence Rate
    End point description
    mCR was defined as per 2006 Myelodysplastic Syndromes International Council for Harmonisation(MDS IWG)criteria as reduction of bone marrow(BM)blasts to ≤5%, decrease by 50% or more with or without normalization of peripheral counts. Transfusion independence rate=number of subjects with neither RBC nor platelet transfusion for any period of 8 weeks after the initiation of treatment(or C1D1 visit date for subjects randomized to BSC or randomization date for subjects not treated)and up to treatment discontinuation(or 180 days for subjects discontinuing treatment within 6 months)while maintaining Hgb ≥8 g/dL and platelets ≥20×10^9/L divided by the total number of subjects included in the efficacy analysis. The percentage of subjects who achieved mCR and transfusion independence simultaneously in the same period were calculated for each group. Percentage of subjects are rounded off to the single decimal point. The Efficacy Analysis Set included all subjects randomly assigned to treatment.
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Up to approximately 46.6 months
    End point values
    Guadecitabine Treatment Choice
    Number of subjects analysed
    277
    140
    Units: percentage of subjects
        number (not applicable)
    5.8
    2.9
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Leukemia-free Survival

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    End point title
    Leukemia-free Survival
    End point description
    Leukemia-free survival was defined as the number of days from randomisation to the earliest date when subjects have BM or peripheral blood (PB) blasts ≥20%, conversion to acute myeloid leukemia (AML) or death of any cause. Subjects with no events in leukemia-free survival were censored on the last date of BM or PB blasts assessment, whichever is later. Survival time will be estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. The Efficacy Analysis Set included all subjects randomly assigned to study treatment.
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    From randomisation up to approximately 46.6 months
    End point values
    Guadecitabine Treatment Choice
    Number of subjects analysed
    277
    140
    Units: days
        median (confidence interval 95%)
    173.0 (135.0 to 206.0)
    181.0 (125.0 to 213.0)
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Survival Rate at 1 Year After Randomisation

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    End point title
    Survival Rate at 1 Year After Randomisation
    End point description
    One year survival rate was defined as the percentage of subjects that survived at the end of the first year from randomisation. Subjects who did not have death in record were censored on the last date known to be alive. Percentage of subjects are rounded off to the nearest whole number. The Efficacy Analysis Set included all subjects randomly assigned to study treatment.
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    From randomisation up to 12 months
    End point values
    Guadecitabine Treatment Choice
    Number of subjects analysed
    277
    140
    Units: percentage of subjects
        number (confidence interval 95%)
    39 (34 to 45)
    39 (30 to 47)
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Number of Days Alive and Out of The Hospital (NDAOH)

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    End point title
    Number of Days Alive and Out of The Hospital (NDAOH)
    End point description
    The date of each hospital admission and discharge was collected for each subject for up to 6 months, unless the subject died or withdrew consent prior to that time. Duration of each hospital stay in days was calculated as date of discharge minus date of admission. The NDAOH within first 6 month period was calculated as: NDAOH 6M=180 - total duration of all hospital stays within 180 days from the first treatment - number of death days before Day 180. For subjects who were lost to follow-up within 6 months, the NDAOH was calculated conservatively assuming that the subject would have died the day after the last contact day. The Efficacy Analysis Set included all subjects randomly assigned to study treatment.
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Up to 6 months
    End point values
    Guadecitabine Treatment Choice
    Number of subjects analysed
    277
    140
    Units: days
        median (full range (min-max))
    144.0 (0 to 180)
    149.5 (0 to 180)
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Disease Response (DR)

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    End point title
    Disease Response (DR)
    End point description
    DR:CR,PR,mCR,HI (HI-E,HI-N,HI-P)based on IWG 2006 criteria.CR:BM:≤5%myeloblasts,Peripheral blood:Hgb≥11g/dL,Platelets(PLTs)≥100x10^9/L,Neutrophils≥1.0x10^9/L,Blasts0%.PR:All CR criteria if abnormal before treatment except BM blasts decreased≥50%over pretreatment but still>5%,Cellularity,morphology not relevant.HI responses:1)HI-E:Hgb increase≥1.5g/dL,Relevant reduction of RBC units transfusions by absolute≥4RBC transfusions/8 week(wk)compared with pretreatment transfusion number previous 8wk.Only RBC transfusions given for Hgb≤9.0g/dL.2)HI-P:Absolute increase≥30x10^9/L starting>20x10^9/L PLTs;Increase from<20x10^9/L to>20x10^9/L and by≥100%.3)HI-N:≥100% increase,absolute increase>0.5x10^9/L.Efficacy Analysis Set included all subjects randomly assigned to study treatment.Subjects who had multiple responses of HI(HI-E, HI-N and HI-P)were counted only once while calculating the total HI value in both treatment groups.Percentage of subjects are rounded off to nearest single decimal point.
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Up to approximately 46.6 months
    End point values
    Guadecitabine Treatment Choice
    Number of subjects analysed
    277
    140
    Units: percentage of subjects
    number (confidence interval 95%)
        Complete Response [CR]
    1.4 (0.0 to 2.8)
    0.7 (0.0 to 2.1)
        Partial Response [PR]
    0 (0 to 0)
    0 (0 to 0)
        Marrow Complete Response [mCR]
    17.3 (12.9 to 21.8)
    8.6 (3.9 to 13.2)
        Hematological Improvement [HI]
    3.2 (1.2 to 5.3)
    5.7 (1.9 to 9.6)
        HI with Erythroid (HI-E)
    1.1 (0.0 to 2.2)
    2.1 (0.0 to 4.5)
        HI with Platelet (HI-P)
    1.8 (0.2 to 3.3)
    2.1 (0.0 to 4.5)
        HI with Neutrophil (HI-N)
    0.7 (0.0 to 1.7)
    2.1 (0.0 to 4.5)
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Duration of Complete Response (CR)

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    End point title
    Duration of Complete Response (CR)
    End point description
    Duration of complete response(in number of days)was calculated from the first time CR was observed to date of earliest of following three events:1)relapse/disease progression,2)start of alternative therapy(except Hematopoietic Cell Transplant[HCT]) or 3)death.In absence of any event,duration of CR was censored at the last available time point(BM assessment,PB assessment,or safety/long-term follow-up visit)at which an event was not observed.Duration of complete response was analysed using Kaplan-Meier method for subjects who achieved CR during the study.CR: BM: ≤5% myeloblasts(all cell lines normal maturation),Peripheral blood:Hgb ≥11g/dL, PLTs ≥100x10^9/L, Neutrophils ≥1.0x10^9/L, Blasts 0%.Efficacy Analysis Set included all subjects randomly assigned to the study treatment. Overall number of subjects analyzed are the number of subjects with CR (responders) only. Here, 99999 indicates that upper and the lower limit of 95% confidence interval was not estimable for a single subject.
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Up to approximately 46.6 months
    End point values
    Guadecitabine Treatment Choice
    Number of subjects analysed
    4
    1
    Units: days
        median (confidence interval 95%)
    198 (112.0 to 266.0)
    406 (-99999 to 99999)
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Time to First Response, Complete Response (CR) and Best Response

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    End point title
    Time to First Response, Complete Response (CR) and Best Response
    End point description
    Time to first response was defined as the time, in days, from the date of randomisation to the first date when any response was achieved. Time to CR was calculated as the time, in days, from the date of randomisation to the first date when CR was achieved. Time to best response was similarly defined as the time, in days, from the date of randomisation to the first date when a subject’s best response, in the order of CR, PR, mCR or HI was achieved. Efficacy Analysis Set included all subjects randomly assigned to study treatment. n = number of subjects with response. Overall number of subjects analyzed are the number of subjects with data available for analysis.
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    From study Day 1 to the earliest date that a response was first documented (Up to approximately 46.6 months)
    End point values
    Guadecitabine Treatment Choice
    Number of subjects analysed
    277
    140
    Units: days
    median (full range (min-max))
        Time to First Response (n=61, 21)
    63.0 (28 to 323)
    67.0 (21 to 295)
        Time to CR (n=4, 1)
    91.0 (56 to 106)
    266 (266 to 266)
        Time to Best Response (n=61, 21)
    64 (28 to 469)
    77 (23 to 295)
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Number of Red Blood Cell (RBC) and Platelet Transfusions

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    End point title
    Number of Red Blood Cell (RBC) and Platelet Transfusions
    End point description
    The total number of RBCs transfused or, separately, the total number of platelets transfused up to the 6-month time point for each subject was counted from the date of randomisation to Day 180, the date of last contact, or date of death, whichever occurred earlier. One RBC or platelet transfusion was defined as one unit, and a single bag of RBCs or platelets was considered one unit. The mean total number of RBC or platelet units transfused per subject is presented. The Efficacy Analysis Set included all subjects randomly assigned to study treatment.
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Up to 6 months
    End point values
    Guadecitabine Treatment Choice
    Number of subjects analysed
    277
    140
    Units: units
    arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
        RBC Transfusions
    18.9 ( 13.94 )
    15.0 ( 13.53 )
        Platelet Transfusions
    16.8 ( 18.64 )
    12.1 ( 20.15 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Change From Baseline in Health-related Quality of Life (QOL) By EuroQol 5-level 5-dimension (EQ-5D-5L) Summary Index

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    End point title
    Change From Baseline in Health-related Quality of Life (QOL) By EuroQol 5-level 5-dimension (EQ-5D-5L) Summary Index
    End point description
    EQ-5D-5L is self-reported health status questionnaire that has 6 questions and 2 components:1)descriptive system 5-item health state profile(mobility,self-care,usual activities,pain/discomfort,anxiety/depression) to obtain Index Utility Score,2)visual analogue scale that measures health state.Each dimension comprises 5 levels with scores(1=no problems;5=extreme problems).Health status is converted to index value using country-specific weighted scoring algorithm for England.Summary index value for England ranges from -0.281(worst) to 1(best).Increase in EQ-5D-5L total score indicates improvement.Efficacy Analysis Set included all subjects randomly assigned to study treatment.Overall number of subjects analyzed=number of subjects with data available for analysis.n=number of subjects with data available for analysis at given timepoint.As pre-specified in Statistical Analysis Plan(SAP),analysis included only data collected for each subject during first 6 months of study participation.
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Baseline to Month 6
    End point values
    Guadecitabine Treatment Choice
    Number of subjects analysed
    277
    140
    Units: score on a scale
    arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
        Baseline (n=266, 119)
    0.8414 ( 0.1596 )
    0.8404 ( 0.1587 )
        Change from Baseline at Month 6 (n=103, 40)
    -0.0386 ( 0.1466 )
    -0.0149 ( 0.1266 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Change From Baseline in Health-related QOL: EuroQOL Visual Analogue Scale (EQ-VAS) Score

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    End point title
    Change From Baseline in Health-related QOL: EuroQOL Visual Analogue Scale (EQ-VAS) Score
    End point description
    The EQ-5D-5L is a self-reported health status questionnaire that consists of six questions used to calculate a health utility score for use in health economic analysis. The second component, EQ VAS self-rating records the respondent's own assessment of his/her overall health status at time of completion, on a scale of 0 (worst health you can imagine) to 100 (best health you can imagine). The Efficacy Analysis Set included all subjects randomly assigned to the study treatment. Overall number of subjects analyzed are the number of subjects with data available for analysis. n= the number of subjects with data available for analysis at the given timepoint. As pre-specified in the SAP, the analysis included only the data collected for each subject during the first 6 months of study participation.
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Baseline to Month 6
    End point values
    Guadecitabine Treatment Choice
    Number of subjects analysed
    277
    140
    Units: score on a scale
    arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
        Baseline (n=266, 119)
    71.24 ( 18.33 )
    70.70 ( 18.32 )
        Change from Baseline at Month 6 (n=103, 40)
    -1.52 ( 16.39 )
    -2.43 ( 18.04 )
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Number of Subjects with Treatment-emergent Adverse Events (AEs) and Serious Adverse Events (SAEs)

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    End point title
    Number of Subjects with Treatment-emergent Adverse Events (AEs) and Serious Adverse Events (SAEs)
    End point description
    An AE is defined as any untoward medical occurrence in a clinical investigation subjects administered a drug; it does not necessarily have to have a causal relationship with this treatment. An SAE is defined any untoward medical occurrence that at any dose: results in death; is life-threatening; requires inpatient hospitalization; results in persistent or significant disability; is congenital anomaly; is suspected transmission of any infectious agent via a medicinal product or is medically important. Treatment emergent AEs which are those with onset date on or after the date of the first dose of study drug on C1D1 until 30 days after the last dose of study treatment, or the start of an alternative anticancer treatment, whichever occurs first. Safety Analysis Set included all subjects randomly assigned to study treatment who received any amount of study treatment or any component of a multi-dose study treatment regimen.
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    From first dose through end of study (up to approximately 46.6 months)
    End point values
    Guadecitabine Treatment Choice
    Number of subjects analysed
    270
    122
    Units: subjects
    number (not applicable)
        TEAE
    268
    113
        SAE
    216
    65
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: 30 and 60-day All-cause Mortality

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    End point title
    30 and 60-day All-cause Mortality
    End point description
    Number of deaths, regardless of cause, within 30 or 60 days from the first study dose divided by the total number of subjects included in the safety analysis set. Subjects who died within 30 days were also included in the 60-day mortality calculations. Safety Analysis Set included all subjects randomly assigned to study treatment who received any amount of study treatment or any component of a multi-dose study treatment regimen.
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    From first dose until 60 days after first dose of study drug
    End point values
    Guadecitabine Treatment Choice
    Number of subjects analysed
    270
    122
    Units: subjects
    number (not applicable)
        Within 30 Days
    16
    6
        Within 60 Days
    35
    13
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Adverse events

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    Adverse events information
    Timeframe for reporting adverse events
    From first dose through end of study (up to approximately 46.6 months)
    Adverse event reporting additional description
    Safety Analysis Set included all subjects randomly assigned to study treatment who received any amount of study treatment or any component of a multi-dose study treatment regimen. Total number of deaths (all causes): is presented for the safety population (participant flow shows number of deaths with primary reason for all randomised subjects).
    Assessment type
    Systematic
    Dictionary used for adverse event reporting
    Dictionary name
    MedDRA
    Dictionary version
    21.0
    Reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Guadecitabine
    Reporting group description
    Subjects received Guadecitabine 60 mg/m^2, SC, on Days 1-5 of each 28-day cycle for at least 6 cycles in the absence of unacceptable toxicity or disease progression requiring alternative therapy. Subjects received Guadecitabine treatment beyond 6 cycles as long as the subject continued to benefit based on investigator judgment and subject response and tolerability (or up to a maximum of 36 cycles).

    Reporting group title
    Treatment Choice
    Reporting group description
    Subjects received one of the three treatment choice options: 1. LDAC 20 mg/m^2 SC/IV once daily for 14 days of each 28-day cycles for at least 4 cycles in absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Subjects who were responding or had stable disease were to continue treatment as per standard institutional practice. 2. Standard IC of a 7+3 regimen:Cytarabine 100-200 mg/m^2/day given as continuous infusion for 7 days and anthracycline(daunorubicin(45-60 mg)/idarubicin(9-12 mg)/mitoxantrone(8-12 mg)/m^2) by IV infusion for 3 days of each 28-day cycles. 3. BSC as needed during the treatment included,but was not limited to,blood transfusions(RBCs or platelets),growth factors including erythropoiesis stimulating agents,granulocyte stimulating factors,iron chelating therapy,and broad-spectrum antibiotics and/or antifungals. Duration for treatment choice was as per locally approved prescribing information and institutional standard practice or up to a maximum 30 cycles.

    Serious adverse events
    Guadecitabine Treatment Choice
    Total subjects affected by serious adverse events
         subjects affected / exposed
    216 / 270 (80.00%)
    65 / 122 (53.28%)
         number of deaths (all causes)
    231
    109
         number of deaths resulting from adverse events
    58
    20
    Neoplasms benign, malignant and unspecified (incl cysts and polyps)
    Metastases to central nervous system
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 270 (0.37%)
    0 / 122 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    Transitional cell carcinoma
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 270 (0.37%)
    0 / 122 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Central nervous system leukaemia
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 270 (0.00%)
    1 / 122 (0.82%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Tumour associated fever
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 270 (0.00%)
    1 / 122 (0.82%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Vascular disorders
    Aortic aneurysm
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 270 (0.37%)
    0 / 122 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Deep vein thrombosis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 270 (0.37%)
    0 / 122 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Haematoma
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 270 (0.37%)
    0 / 122 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Hypertension
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 270 (0.37%)
    0 / 122 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Hypotension
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 270 (0.37%)
    2 / 122 (1.64%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    Internal haemorrhage
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 270 (0.37%)
    0 / 122 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    Shock haemorrhagic
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 270 (0.00%)
    1 / 122 (0.82%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    General disorders and administration site conditions
    Pyrexia
         subjects affected / exposed
    7 / 270 (2.59%)
    2 / 122 (1.64%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 8
    1 / 3
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    General physical health deterioration
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 270 (1.11%)
    3 / 122 (2.46%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 3
    0 / 3
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 270 (0.74%)
    0 / 122 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 2
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 1
    0 / 0
    Chest pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 270 (0.37%)
    0 / 122 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Death
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 270 (0.37%)
    2 / 122 (1.64%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 1
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 1
    0 / 2
    Malaise
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 270 (0.37%)
    0 / 122 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Non-cardiac chest pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 270 (0.37%)
    1 / 122 (0.82%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 1
    0 / 4
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Systemic inflammatory response syndrome
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 270 (0.37%)
    0 / 122 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Asthenia
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 270 (0.00%)
    1 / 122 (0.82%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Immune system disorders
    Anaphylactic reaction
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 270 (0.37%)
    0 / 122 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Reproductive system and breast disorders
    Prostatitis
         subjects affected / exposed [1]
    1 / 194 (0.52%)
    0 / 96 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
    Epistaxis
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 270 (1.48%)
    1 / 122 (0.82%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 4
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Pulmonary embolism
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 270 (0.74%)
    0 / 122 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Acute respiratory failure
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 270 (0.37%)
    0 / 122 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    Aspiration
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 270 (0.37%)
    0 / 122 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Haemoptysis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 270 (0.37%)
    0 / 122 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    Oropharyngeal pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 270 (0.37%)
    0 / 122 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Pleural effusion
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 270 (0.37%)
    1 / 122 (0.82%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Pleuritic pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 270 (0.37%)
    0 / 122 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Pneumonia aspiration
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 270 (0.37%)
    0 / 122 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Respiratory failure
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 270 (0.37%)
    1 / 122 (0.82%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Bronchopneumopathy
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 270 (0.00%)
    1 / 122 (0.82%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Choking
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 270 (0.00%)
    1 / 122 (0.82%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    Haemothorax
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 270 (0.00%)
    1 / 122 (0.82%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Pulmonary mass
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 270 (0.00%)
    1 / 122 (0.82%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Psychiatric disorders
    Confusional state
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 270 (0.37%)
    0 / 122 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Organic brain syndrome
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 270 (0.37%)
    0 / 122 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Investigations
    C-reactive protein increased
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 270 (0.37%)
    0 / 122 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    General physical condition abnormal
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 270 (0.37%)
    0 / 122 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Troponin increased
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 270 (0.37%)
    0 / 122 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Injury, poisoning and procedural complications
    Fall
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 270 (0.74%)
    1 / 122 (0.82%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 2
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Subarachnoid haemorrhage
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 270 (0.74%)
    0 / 122 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Acute haemolytic transfusion reaction
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 270 (0.37%)
    0 / 122 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Femur fracture
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 270 (0.37%)
    1 / 122 (0.82%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Hip fracture
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 270 (0.37%)
    0 / 122 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    Joint dislocation
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 270 (0.37%)
    0 / 122 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Ligament sprain
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 270 (0.37%)
    0 / 122 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Post procedural haemorrhage
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 270 (0.37%)
    0 / 122 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Spinal compression fracture
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 270 (0.37%)
    0 / 122 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Subdural haematoma
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 270 (0.37%)
    0 / 122 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Subdural haemorrhage
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 270 (0.37%)
    0 / 122 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Toxicity to various agents
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 270 (0.37%)
    1 / 122 (0.82%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Lumbar vertebral fracture
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 270 (0.00%)
    1 / 122 (0.82%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Rib fracture
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 270 (0.00%)
    1 / 122 (0.82%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Transfusion reaction
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 270 (0.00%)
    2 / 122 (1.64%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Congenital, familial and genetic disorders
    Gastrointestinal arteriovenous malformation
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 270 (0.37%)
    0 / 122 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 3
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Cardiac disorders
    Atrial fibrillation
         subjects affected / exposed
    6 / 270 (2.22%)
    1 / 122 (0.82%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    2 / 8
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Cardiac failure
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 270 (1.48%)
    2 / 122 (1.64%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 4
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    Cardiac failure congestive
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 270 (1.11%)
    0 / 122 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 4
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Acute myocardial infarction
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 270 (0.74%)
    0 / 122 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Angina pectoris
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 270 (0.74%)
    1 / 122 (0.82%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 3
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Cardiac arrest
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 270 (0.37%)
    1 / 122 (0.82%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 1
    Myocardial ischaemia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 270 (0.37%)
    0 / 122 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    Ventricular extrasystoles
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 270 (0.37%)
    0 / 122 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Nervous system disorders
    Haemorrhage intracranial
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 270 (0.74%)
    2 / 122 (1.64%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    Central nervous system haemorrhage
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 270 (0.37%)
    1 / 122 (0.82%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    1 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    1 / 1
    Cerebral haemorrhage
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 270 (0.37%)
    0 / 122 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    Encephalopathy
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 270 (0.37%)
    0 / 122 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Intracranial haematoma
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 270 (0.37%)
    0 / 122 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Loss of consciousness
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 270 (0.37%)
    0 / 122 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Cerebral infarction
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 270 (0.00%)
    1 / 122 (0.82%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Cerebrovascular accident
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 270 (0.00%)
    1 / 122 (0.82%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    Dizziness
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 270 (0.00%)
    1 / 122 (0.82%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Sciatica
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 270 (0.00%)
    1 / 122 (0.82%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Syncope
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 270 (0.00%)
    1 / 122 (0.82%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Blood and lymphatic system disorders
    Febrile neutropenia
         subjects affected / exposed
    80 / 270 (29.63%)
    19 / 122 (15.57%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    72 / 141
    11 / 26
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 4
    0 / 1
    Thrombocytopenia
         subjects affected / exposed
    8 / 270 (2.96%)
    2 / 122 (1.64%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    4 / 10
    2 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Anaemia
         subjects affected / exposed
    7 / 270 (2.59%)
    2 / 122 (1.64%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    4 / 8
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Febrile bone marrow aplasia
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 270 (1.11%)
    1 / 122 (0.82%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 3
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Neutropenia
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 270 (1.11%)
    1 / 122 (0.82%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    3 / 3
    1 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Leukocytosis
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 270 (0.74%)
    0 / 122 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Leukostasis syndrome
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 270 (0.74%)
    0 / 122 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Pancytopenia
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 270 (0.74%)
    0 / 122 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 2
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    Lymphadenitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 270 (0.37%)
    0 / 122 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Lymphadenopathy
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 270 (0.37%)
    0 / 122 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Splenic infarction
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 270 (0.37%)
    0 / 122 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Thrombocytopenic purpura
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 270 (0.37%)
    0 / 122 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Agranulocytosis
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 270 (0.00%)
    1 / 122 (0.82%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Bone marrow failure
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 270 (0.00%)
    1 / 122 (0.82%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Disseminated intravascular coagulation
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 270 (0.00%)
    1 / 122 (0.82%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Ear and labyrinth disorders
    Deafness
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 270 (0.37%)
    0 / 122 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Gastrointestinal disorders
    Gastrointestinal haemorrhage
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 270 (1.11%)
    1 / 122 (0.82%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    3 / 4
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    Lower gastrointestinal haemorrhage
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 270 (1.11%)
    0 / 122 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 4
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Colitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 270 (0.74%)
    0 / 122 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 3
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Ascites
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 270 (0.37%)
    0 / 122 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Chronic gastritis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 270 (0.37%)
    0 / 122 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Diarrhoea
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 270 (0.37%)
    0 / 122 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Enterocolitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 270 (0.37%)
    0 / 122 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Gastric haemorrhage
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 270 (0.37%)
    0 / 122 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Enterovesical fistula
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 270 (0.37%)
    0 / 122 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    Gastrointestinal vascular malformation haemorrhagic
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 270 (0.37%)
    0 / 122 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Intestinal haemorrhage
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 270 (0.37%)
    0 / 122 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Mouth haemorrhage
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 270 (0.37%)
    1 / 122 (0.82%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 1
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Nausea
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 270 (0.37%)
    0 / 122 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Pancreatitis acute
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 270 (0.37%)
    0 / 122 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Small intestinal haemorrhage
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 270 (0.37%)
    0 / 122 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 270 (0.37%)
    0 / 122 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Abdominal pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 270 (0.00%)
    1 / 122 (0.82%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Aphthous ulcer
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 270 (0.00%)
    1 / 122 (0.82%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Intestinal obstruction
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 270 (0.00%)
    1 / 122 (0.82%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Megacolon
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 270 (0.00%)
    1 / 122 (0.82%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    Melaena
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 270 (0.00%)
    1 / 122 (0.82%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Rectal haemorrhage
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 270 (0.00%)
    2 / 122 (1.64%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    1 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    1 / 1
    Retroperitoneal haematoma
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 270 (0.00%)
    1 / 122 (0.82%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Hepatobiliary disorders
    Cholangitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 270 (0.74%)
    0 / 122 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Bile duct stone
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 270 (0.37%)
    0 / 122 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Cholecystitis acute
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 270 (0.37%)
    0 / 122 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders
    Acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 270 (0.37%)
    0 / 122 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Renal and urinary disorders
    Haematuria
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 270 (1.11%)
    1 / 122 (0.82%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 3
    1 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Acute kidney injury
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 270 (0.37%)
    2 / 122 (1.64%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Nephrolithiasis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 270 (0.37%)
    0 / 122 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Renal impairment
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 270 (0.37%)
    1 / 122 (0.82%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 1
    1 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Urinary retention
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 270 (0.37%)
    0 / 122 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Urinary tract pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 270 (0.37%)
    0 / 122 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders
    Back pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 270 (1.11%)
    1 / 122 (0.82%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 3
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Fistula inflammation
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 270 (0.37%)
    0 / 122 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Joint effusion
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 270 (0.37%)
    0 / 122 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Musculoskeletal chest pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 270 (0.37%)
    0 / 122 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Synovial cyst
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 270 (0.37%)
    0 / 122 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Arthritis
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 270 (0.00%)
    1 / 122 (0.82%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Bone pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 270 (0.00%)
    1 / 122 (0.82%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Osteoporotic fracture
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 270 (0.00%)
    1 / 122 (0.82%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Pain in extremity
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 270 (0.00%)
    1 / 122 (0.82%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Rhabdomyolysis
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 270 (0.00%)
    1 / 122 (0.82%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    1 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Infections and infestations
    Pneumonia
         subjects affected / exposed
    72 / 270 (26.67%)
    17 / 122 (13.93%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    51 / 97
    2 / 21
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    7 / 15
    0 / 5
    Sepsis
         subjects affected / exposed
    26 / 270 (9.63%)
    4 / 122 (3.28%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    15 / 32
    0 / 4
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    2 / 8
    0 / 3
    Septic shock
         subjects affected / exposed
    16 / 270 (5.93%)
    2 / 122 (1.64%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    2 / 16
    1 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 9
    0 / 0
    Cellulitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    14 / 270 (5.19%)
    2 / 122 (1.64%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    10 / 22
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Bacteraemia
         subjects affected / exposed
    11 / 270 (4.07%)
    1 / 122 (0.82%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    3 / 12
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Urinary tract infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    5 / 270 (1.85%)
    3 / 122 (2.46%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 6
    1 / 3
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 270 (1.48%)
    0 / 122 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    2 / 4
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 1
    0 / 0
    Infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 270 (1.48%)
    1 / 122 (0.82%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    3 / 4
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 1
    0 / 1
    Urosepsis
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 270 (1.48%)
    0 / 122 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 4
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Anal abscess
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 270 (1.11%)
    0 / 122 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    3 / 3
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 1
    0 / 0
    Device related infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 270 (1.11%)
    1 / 122 (0.82%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 3
    1 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Bronchitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 270 (0.74%)
    0 / 122 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 2
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Cellulitis orbital
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 270 (0.74%)
    0 / 122 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 2
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Chronic sinusitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 270 (0.74%)
    0 / 122 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 2
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Corynebacterium infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 270 (0.74%)
    0 / 122 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    2 / 2
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Pseudomonal bacteraemia
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 270 (0.74%)
    0 / 122 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Respiratory tract infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 270 (0.74%)
    0 / 122 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 3
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Sinusitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 270 (0.74%)
    0 / 122 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Staphylococcal bacteraemia
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 270 (0.74%)
    0 / 122 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Subcutaneous abscess
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 270 (0.74%)
    0 / 122 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 2
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Abscess jaw
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 270 (0.37%)
    0 / 122 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Anorectal infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 270 (0.37%)
    0 / 122 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    3 / 3
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Brain abscess
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 270 (0.37%)
    1 / 122 (0.82%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    1 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    Clostridial infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 270 (0.37%)
    0 / 122 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Clostridium difficile colitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 270 (0.37%)
    0 / 122 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Corona virus infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 270 (0.37%)
    0 / 122 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Endocarditis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 270 (0.37%)
    0 / 122 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Endophthalmitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 270 (0.37%)
    0 / 122 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Enterococcal infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 270 (0.37%)
    0 / 122 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Enterocolitis infectious
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 270 (0.37%)
    0 / 122 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Fungal infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 270 (0.37%)
    0 / 122 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Gingivitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 270 (0.37%)
    0 / 122 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Furuncle
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 270 (0.37%)
    0 / 122 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Haematoma infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 270 (0.37%)
    0 / 122 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Herpes virus infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 270 (0.37%)
    0 / 122 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Influenza
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 270 (0.37%)
    0 / 122 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Metapneumovirus infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 270 (0.37%)
    0 / 122 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Mucormycosis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 270 (0.37%)
    0 / 122 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Necrotising fasciitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 270 (0.37%)
    0 / 122 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Necrotising soft tissue infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 270 (0.37%)
    0 / 122 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    Otitis media acute
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 270 (0.37%)
    0 / 122 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Pharyngitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 270 (0.37%)
    0 / 122 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Periorbital cellulitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 270 (0.37%)
    0 / 122 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Pneumococcal sepsis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 270 (0.37%)
    0 / 122 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Pseudomembranous colitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 270 (0.37%)
    0 / 122 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Pyelonephritis acute
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 270 (0.37%)
    1 / 122 (0.82%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Pyelonephritis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 270 (0.37%)
    0 / 122 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Sinusitis fungal
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 270 (0.37%)
    0 / 122 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Soft tissue infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 270 (0.37%)
    0 / 122 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Staphylococcal infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 270 (0.37%)
    0 / 122 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Streptococcal bacteraemia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 270 (0.37%)
    0 / 122 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Streptococcal endocarditis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 270 (0.37%)
    0 / 122 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Streptococcal infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 270 (0.37%)
    1 / 122 (0.82%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Upper respiratory tract infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 270 (0.37%)
    0 / 122 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Urinary tract infection staphylococcal
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 270 (0.37%)
    0 / 122 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Vulval cellulitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 270 (0.37%)
    0 / 122 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 2
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Wound abscess
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 270 (0.37%)
    0 / 122 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Candida infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 270 (0.00%)
    1 / 122 (0.82%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    1 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Clostridium bacteraemia
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 270 (0.00%)
    1 / 122 (0.82%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Erysipelas
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 270 (0.00%)
    1 / 122 (0.82%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Gastroenteritis
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 270 (0.00%)
    1 / 122 (0.82%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Lower respiratory tract infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 270 (0.00%)
    1 / 122 (0.82%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Nocardiosis
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 270 (0.00%)
    1 / 122 (0.82%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Metabolism and nutrition disorders
    Tumour lysis syndrome
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 270 (0.74%)
    0 / 122 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 3
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    Dehydration
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 270 (0.37%)
    0 / 122 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Hyperglycaemia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 270 (0.37%)
    0 / 122 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Hyperkalaemia
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 270 (0.00%)
    1 / 122 (0.82%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Notes
    [1] - The number of subjects exposed to this adverse event is less than the total number of subjects exposed to this adverse event. These numbers are expected to be equal.
    Justification: Number of subjects at risk are based on the male population.
    Frequency threshold for reporting non-serious adverse events: 5%
    Non-serious adverse events
    Guadecitabine Treatment Choice
    Total subjects affected by non serious adverse events
         subjects affected / exposed
    266 / 270 (98.52%)
    107 / 122 (87.70%)
    Vascular disorders
    Haematoma
         subjects affected / exposed
    15 / 270 (5.56%)
    5 / 122 (4.10%)
         occurrences all number
    23
    7
    Hypotension
         subjects affected / exposed
    17 / 270 (6.30%)
    3 / 122 (2.46%)
         occurrences all number
    19
    6
    General disorders and administration site conditions
    Injection site reaction
         subjects affected / exposed
    46 / 270 (17.04%)
    1 / 122 (0.82%)
         occurrences all number
    80
    1
    Asthenia
         subjects affected / exposed
    53 / 270 (19.63%)
    12 / 122 (9.84%)
         occurrences all number
    65
    12
    Fatigue
         subjects affected / exposed
    59 / 270 (21.85%)
    11 / 122 (9.02%)
         occurrences all number
    75
    12
    Oedema peripheral
         subjects affected / exposed
    42 / 270 (15.56%)
    14 / 122 (11.48%)
         occurrences all number
    56
    18
    Oedema
         subjects affected / exposed
    14 / 270 (5.19%)
    9 / 122 (7.38%)
         occurrences all number
    15
    9
    Pyrexia
         subjects affected / exposed
    60 / 270 (22.22%)
    24 / 122 (19.67%)
         occurrences all number
    89
    33
    Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
    Cough
         subjects affected / exposed
    39 / 270 (14.44%)
    8 / 122 (6.56%)
         occurrences all number
    48
    10
    Dyspnoea
         subjects affected / exposed
    33 / 270 (12.22%)
    11 / 122 (9.02%)
         occurrences all number
    42
    12
    Epistaxis
         subjects affected / exposed
    44 / 270 (16.30%)
    21 / 122 (17.21%)
         occurrences all number
    56
    36
    Oropharyngeal pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    14 / 270 (5.19%)
    3 / 122 (2.46%)
         occurrences all number
    17
    3
    Psychiatric disorders
    Insomnia
         subjects affected / exposed
    31 / 270 (11.48%)
    5 / 122 (4.10%)
         occurrences all number
    32
    5
    Investigations
    Blood creatinine increased
         subjects affected / exposed
    14 / 270 (5.19%)
    5 / 122 (4.10%)
         occurrences all number
    16
    8
    Alanine aminotransferase increased
         subjects affected / exposed
    13 / 270 (4.81%)
    8 / 122 (6.56%)
         occurrences all number
    17
    8
    Aspartate aminotransferase increased
         subjects affected / exposed
    10 / 270 (3.70%)
    8 / 122 (6.56%)
         occurrences all number
    12
    8
    Weight decreased
         subjects affected / exposed
    22 / 270 (8.15%)
    6 / 122 (4.92%)
         occurrences all number
    27
    6
    Injury, poisoning and procedural complications
    Contusion
         subjects affected / exposed
    24 / 270 (8.89%)
    8 / 122 (6.56%)
         occurrences all number
    35
    9
    Transfusion reaction
         subjects affected / exposed
    17 / 270 (6.30%)
    3 / 122 (2.46%)
         occurrences all number
    66
    3
    Fall
         subjects affected / exposed
    17 / 270 (6.30%)
    5 / 122 (4.10%)
         occurrences all number
    20
    5
    Nervous system disorders
    Headache
         subjects affected / exposed
    34 / 270 (12.59%)
    9 / 122 (7.38%)
         occurrences all number
    42
    11
    Dizziness
         subjects affected / exposed
    34 / 270 (12.59%)
    8 / 122 (6.56%)
         occurrences all number
    39
    9
    Blood and lymphatic system disorders
    Anaemia
         subjects affected / exposed
    63 / 270 (23.33%)
    22 / 122 (18.03%)
         occurrences all number
    120
    48
    Febrile neutropenia
         subjects affected / exposed
    38 / 270 (14.07%)
    6 / 122 (4.92%)
         occurrences all number
    70
    6
    Leukopenia
         subjects affected / exposed
    32 / 270 (11.85%)
    12 / 122 (9.84%)
         occurrences all number
    64
    13
    Neutropenia
         subjects affected / exposed
    92 / 270 (34.07%)
    19 / 122 (15.57%)
         occurrences all number
    276
    20
    Thrombocytopenia
         subjects affected / exposed
    84 / 270 (31.11%)
    25 / 122 (20.49%)
         occurrences all number
    278
    66
    Gastrointestinal disorders
    Abdominal pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    27 / 270 (10.00%)
    6 / 122 (4.92%)
         occurrences all number
    28
    8
    Diarrhoea
         subjects affected / exposed
    60 / 270 (22.22%)
    20 / 122 (16.39%)
         occurrences all number
    78
    23
    Constipation
         subjects affected / exposed
    62 / 270 (22.96%)
    12 / 122 (9.84%)
         occurrences all number
    79
    17
    Nausea
         subjects affected / exposed
    43 / 270 (15.93%)
    15 / 122 (12.30%)
         occurrences all number
    66
    22
    Haemorrhoids
         subjects affected / exposed
    16 / 270 (5.93%)
    4 / 122 (3.28%)
         occurrences all number
    16
    4
    Stomatitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    38 / 270 (14.07%)
    7 / 122 (5.74%)
         occurrences all number
    50
    10
    Vomiting
         subjects affected / exposed
    29 / 270 (10.74%)
    7 / 122 (5.74%)
         occurrences all number
    36
    9
    Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders
    Petechiae
         subjects affected / exposed
    24 / 270 (8.89%)
    2 / 122 (1.64%)
         occurrences all number
    29
    3
    Erythema
         subjects affected / exposed
    14 / 270 (5.19%)
    2 / 122 (1.64%)
         occurrences all number
    19
    2
    Rash
         subjects affected / exposed
    27 / 270 (10.00%)
    7 / 122 (5.74%)
         occurrences all number
    34
    9
    Pruritus
         subjects affected / exposed
    19 / 270 (7.04%)
    2 / 122 (1.64%)
         occurrences all number
    19
    3
    Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders
    Arthralgia
         subjects affected / exposed
    18 / 270 (6.67%)
    5 / 122 (4.10%)
         occurrences all number
    20
    6
    Pain in extremity
         subjects affected / exposed
    15 / 270 (5.56%)
    7 / 122 (5.74%)
         occurrences all number
    18
    7
    Musculoskeletal pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    17 / 270 (6.30%)
    2 / 122 (1.64%)
         occurrences all number
    21
    2
    Back pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    33 / 270 (12.22%)
    3 / 122 (2.46%)
         occurrences all number
    40
    5
    Infections and infestations
    Cellulitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    22 / 270 (8.15%)
    4 / 122 (3.28%)
         occurrences all number
    30
    4
    Pneumonia
         subjects affected / exposed
    40 / 270 (14.81%)
    8 / 122 (6.56%)
         occurrences all number
    50
    11
    Nasopharyngitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    10 / 270 (3.70%)
    7 / 122 (5.74%)
         occurrences all number
    11
    8
    Urinary tract infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    13 / 270 (4.81%)
    7 / 122 (5.74%)
         occurrences all number
    14
    8
    Upper respiratory tract infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    16 / 270 (5.93%)
    7 / 122 (5.74%)
         occurrences all number
    21
    7
    Metabolism and nutrition disorders
    Hypomagnesaemia
         subjects affected / exposed
    14 / 270 (5.19%)
    5 / 122 (4.10%)
         occurrences all number
    17
    8
    Hypokalaemia
         subjects affected / exposed
    45 / 270 (16.67%)
    6 / 122 (4.92%)
         occurrences all number
    63
    6
    Decreased appetite
         subjects affected / exposed
    49 / 270 (18.15%)
    5 / 122 (4.10%)
         occurrences all number
    55
    6

    More information

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    Substantial protocol amendments (globally)

    Were there any global substantial amendments to the protocol? Yes
    Date
    Amendment
    19 Sep 2016
    Amendment 1: 1. Incorporated changes required by the voluntary harmonization procedure (VHP) assessment of the protocol after clinical trial application in Europe. VHP-required changes and sponsor changes were implemented to specify/clarify the schedule of events and laboratory tests, as well as to correct errors. 2. Acceptable contraceptive methods were specified. 3. Documented pregnancy was added as a discontinuation criterion. 4. Study center regions for subgroup analyses were specified to be North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, and Other. 5. Additional trial termination criteria were added.
    19 Sep 2017
    Amendment 2: 1. Incorporated changes from minor UK/France amendment 1.1 2. Entry criteria, assessments, and procedural details were clarified to ensure study integrity. 3. Specifically, inclusion criterion #4 was modified to clarify that subjects were eligible if they were transfusion-dependent at screening, whether or not they were transfusion-dependent before HMA treatment and that disease progression could also happen after Cycle, as well as to more clearly align the disease progression definition for BM blasts and hemoglobin with the IWG 2006 progression criteria. 4. Clarified that blood samples were sufficient for gene mutation analysis. 5. Clarified that BM assessments to confirm eligibility may be collected within 28 days before randomisation (instead of 28 days before first dose) and cytogenetic assessments.
    15 Feb 2018
    Amendment 3: 1. Excluded subjects with a life expectancy of less than one month because these subjects would not have enough time for the study treatment to show an effect. 2. Allowed for primary analysis at or after 12 months of follow-up if 277 death events occurred (instead of 316 death events), to keep the study duration to a reasonable time, if fewer death events than anticipated have occurred, without significantly compromising the power of the study. 3. Allowed hydroxyurea in the first 30 days of guadecitabine treatment for subjects who had proliferative disease such as CMML, to control high White Blood Cells (WBC) counts and allow subjects to receive at least 2 cycles of treatment. 4. Clarified that, after discontinuing study treatment, subjects should not withdraw consent just because they wish to participate in another experimental study. 5. Clarified that survival status (at least) should be pursued, and a subject was still considered to be on study, even if a subject refused one or more longterm follow-up visits. This was to protect the study primary endpoint of overall survival. 6. Specified that conversion to AML was to be assessed, as this was an important milestone for disease progression. 7. Clarified that subjects assigned to BSC had Electrocardiography (ECG) assessment at the safety follow-up visit, as well as on Cycle 1 Day 1, consistent with the schedule of events. 8. Clarified and simplified the Pharmacokinetics PK analyses. 9. Clarified that a WBC differential manual count was to be conducted if there was suspicion of PB blasts.
    02 Oct 2018
    Amendment 4: 1. Excluded subjects with TP53 mutations: Based on emerging data, it was possible that, as a group, subjects with TP53 mutations were less likely to benefit from guadecitabine treatment. 2. Increased screening period from 14 to 21 days, to allow time for study centers to receive TP53 mutation results before randomisation. 3. Allowed institutional standard follow-up for subjects receiving TC: Subjects assigned to TC (LDAC, standard IC, or BSC) may have been followed up according to their investigative centers’ standard practice, for convenience for both subject and study center. 4. Allowed a 4-day window for Day 1 weight assessment in each cycle: This corresponded to the 4-day window for hematology assessment and eliminated unnecessary repeat assessments.

    Interruptions (globally)

    Were there any global interruptions to the trial? No

    Limitations and caveats

    Limitations of the trial such as small numbers of subjects analysed or technical problems leading to unreliable data.
    None reported
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