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    Clinical Trial Results:
    The Impact of the Combination of the GLP-1 Analogue Liraglutide (Victoza®) and Laparoscopic Adjustable Gastric Banding (LAGB) on Diabetes Control

    Summary
    EudraCT number
    2015-005402-11
    Trial protocol
    GB  
    Global end of trial date
    31 Mar 2021

    Results information
    Results version number
    v1(current)
    This version publication date
    29 Apr 2026
    First version publication date
    29 Apr 2026
    Other versions
    Summary report(s)
    GLIDE CSR

    Trial information

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    Trial identification
    Sponsor protocol code
    GLIDE
    Additional study identifiers
    ISRCTN number
    -
    US NCT number
    -
    WHO universal trial number (UTN)
    U1111-1165-0989
    Sponsors
    Sponsor organisation name
    Guy's and St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust
    Sponsor organisation address
    Great Maze Pond, London, United Kingdom, SE1 9RT
    Public contact
    Dr Barbara McGowan, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, 44 02071881912, barbara.mcgowan@gstt.nhs.uk
    Scientific contact
    Dr Barbara McGowan, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, 44 02071881912, barbara.mcgowan@gstt.nhs.uk
    Paediatric regulatory details
    Is trial part of an agreed paediatric investigation plan (PIP)
    No
    Does article 45 of REGULATION (EC) No 1901/2006 apply to this trial?
    No
    Does article 46 of REGULATION (EC) No 1901/2006 apply to this trial?
    No
    Results analysis stage
    Analysis stage
    Final
    Date of interim/final analysis
    31 Mar 2021
    Is this the analysis of the primary completion data?
    Yes
    Primary completion date
    31 Mar 2021
    Global end of trial reached?
    Yes
    Global end of trial date
    31 Mar 2021
    Was the trial ended prematurely?
    Yes
    General information about the trial
    Main objective of the trial
    To determine whether the addition of liraglutide to the gastric band results in improved glycaemic control
    Protection of trial subjects
    Participants have the right to withdraw from the study at any time for any reason. The investigator has the right to terminate treatment with the study drug in the event of inter-current illness, AEs, SAEs, SUSARs, protocol violations, administrative reasons or other reasons such as: - Inability to tolerate trial treatment. - Non-adherence with trial procedures, at the discretion of the investigator - Pregnancy - Episodes of severe hypoglycaemia despite stoppage of hypoglycaemic medications - Acute pancreatitis - Deterioration in renal function (eGFR<30mL/min) Patients who have had treatment with the study drug terminated early due to adverse events will be followed up clinically by members of the research team and referred on to an appropriate specialist where necessary.
    Background therapy
    Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) impose significant health burdens; bariatic surgery such as LAGB promotes weight loss and improves metabolic parameters [general knowledge implied]. Previous evidence supported GLP-1 receptor agonists for T2DM and obesity management through improved glycaemic control and weight loss. LAGB is less favoured recently compared to other bariatric procedures (LSG or RYGB), especially in patients with T2DM, but remains used clinically. Combining GLP-1 receptor agonist therapy with LAGB may enhance metabolic outcomes, but this had not been evaluated in a randomized trial prior to GLIDE. The GLIDE trial thus represents the first double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized study testing liraglutide post-LAGB in patients with T2DM.
    Evidence for comparator
    -
    Actual start date of recruitment
    24 Jan 2017
    Long term follow-up planned
    No
    Independent data monitoring committee (IDMC) involvement?
    Yes
    Population of trial subjects
    Number of subjects enrolled per country
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    United Kingdom: 27
    Worldwide total number of subjects
    27
    EEA total number of subjects
    27
    Number of subjects enrolled per age group
    In utero
    0
    Preterm newborn - gestational age < 37 wk
    0
    Newborns (0-27 days)
    0
    Infants and toddlers (28 days-23 months)
    0
    Children (2-11 years)
    0
    Adolescents (12-17 years)
    0
    Adults (18-64 years)
    27
    From 65 to 84 years
    0
    85 years and over
    0

    Subject disposition

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    Recruitment
    Recruitment details
    -

    Pre-assignment
    Screening details
    -

    Pre-assignment period milestones
    Number of subjects started
    66 [1]
    Number of subjects completed
    27

    Pre-assignment subject non-completion reasons
    Reason: Number of subjects
    Not specified in CSR: 39
    Notes
    [1] - The number of subjects reported to have started the pre-assignment period are not the same as the worldwide number enrolled in the trial. It is expected that these numbers will be the same.
    Justification: We do not count screening participants as enrolled
    Period 1
    Period 1 title
    Treatment period (overall period)
    Is this the baseline period?
    Yes
    Allocation method
    Randomised - controlled
    Blinding used
    Double blind
    Roles blinded
    Subject, Investigator, Data analyst
    Blinding implementation details
    This is a prospective double-blind randomised placebo-controlled trial. Following LAGB, patients will be randomised into receiving liraglutide or placebo. Randomisation will be carried out by a computer generated randomisation package. Patients will be assigned to either Liraglutide treatment or placebo using a minimisation algorithm. For all analyses the statistician will be blind to the identity of the treatment given in the two arms until the last patient has completed their last visit a

    Arms
    Are arms mutually exclusive
    Yes

    Arm title
    Treatment arm
    Arm description
    Liraglutide 1.8 mg one subcutaneous injection per day
    Arm type
    Experimental

    Investigational medicinal product name
    Liraglutide
    Investigational medicinal product code
    Other name
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Injection
    Routes of administration
    Subcutaneous use
    Dosage and administration details
    Liraglutide 1.8 mg one subcutaneous injection per day

    Arm title
    Placebo
    Arm description
    Placebo: Solution for subcutaneous injection in 3 mL pre-filled pen
    Arm type
    Placebo

    Investigational medicinal product name
    Placebo
    Investigational medicinal product code
    Other name
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Injection
    Routes of administration
    Subcutaneous use
    Dosage and administration details
    Solution for subcutaneous injection in 3 mL pre-filled pen

    Number of subjects in period 1
    Treatment arm Placebo
    Started
    13
    14
    Completed
    12
    13
    Not completed
    1
    1
         Consent withdrawn by subject
    1
    -
         Lost to follow-up
    -
    1

    Baseline characteristics

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    Baseline characteristics reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Treatment arm
    Reporting group description
    Liraglutide 1.8 mg one subcutaneous injection per day

    Reporting group title
    Placebo
    Reporting group description
    Placebo: Solution for subcutaneous injection in 3 mL pre-filled pen

    Reporting group values
    Treatment arm Placebo Total
    Number of subjects
    13 14 27
    Age categorical
    Units: Subjects
        In utero
    0
        Preterm newborn infants (gestational age < 37 wks)
    0
        Newborns (0-27 days)
    0
        Infants and toddlers (28 days-23 months)
    0
        Children (2-11 years)
    0
        Adolescents (12-17 years)
    0
        Adults (18-64 years)
    0
        From 65-84 years
    0
        85 years and over
    0
    Age continuous
    Units: years
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    53.48 ( 8.31 ) 51.20 ( 8.59 ) -
    Gender categorical
    Units: Subjects
        Female
    10 11 21
        Male
    3 3 6

    End points

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    End points reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Treatment arm
    Reporting group description
    Liraglutide 1.8 mg one subcutaneous injection per day

    Reporting group title
    Placebo
    Reporting group description
    Placebo: Solution for subcutaneous injection in 3 mL pre-filled pen

    Primary: 'the difference in change in HbA1C at 6 months from baseline (6 weeks post-surgery) between intervention and control groups

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    End point title
    'the difference in change in HbA1C at 6 months from baseline (6 weeks post-surgery) between intervention and control groups [1]
    End point description
    In the CSR, it states no significant difference was seen at 6 month and the only numerical data was the HbA1c change from baseline at 12 months (which is the secondary endpoint).
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    Baseline (6 weeks post-surgery) to 6 months after
    Notes
    [1] - No statistical analyses have been specified for this primary end point. It is expected there is at least one statistical analysis for each primary end point.
    Justification: Please see uploaded report
    End point values
    Treatment arm Placebo
    Number of subjects analysed
    13
    14
    Units: mmol/mol
        median (full range (min-max))
    0 (0 to 0)
    0 (0 to 0)
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: The difference in change in HbA1C at 12 months from baseline (6 weeks post-surgery) between intervention and control groups

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    End point title
    The difference in change in HbA1C at 12 months from baseline (6 weeks post-surgery) between intervention and control groups
    End point description
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Baseline (6 weeks post-surgery) to 12 months
    End point values
    Treatment arm Placebo
    Number of subjects analysed
    13
    14
    Units: mmol/mol
        median (full range (min-max))
    8.0 (6.5 to 10.0)
    -3.5 (-13.0 to 6.0)
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Adverse events

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    Adverse events information
    Timeframe for reporting adverse events
    From randomisation to 12 months after
    Assessment type
    Systematic
    Dictionary used for adverse event reporting
    Dictionary name
    MedDRA
    Dictionary version
    20.0
    Reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Treatment arm
    Reporting group description
    Liraglutide 1.8 mg one subcutaneous injection per day

    Reporting group title
    Placebo
    Reporting group description
    -

    Serious adverse events
    Treatment arm Placebo
    Total subjects affected by serious adverse events
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 13 (15.38%)
    1 / 14 (7.14%)
         number of deaths (all causes)
    0
    0
         number of deaths resulting from adverse events
    0
    0
    Injury, poisoning and procedural complications
    Head injury
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 13 (7.69%)
    0 / 14 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Gastrointestinal disorders
    Abdominal pain
    Additional description: SAR
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 13 (7.69%)
    0 / 14 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 1
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Hepatobiliary disorders
    Cholecystitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 13 (0.00%)
    1 / 14 (7.14%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Frequency threshold for reporting non-serious adverse events: 0%
    Non-serious adverse events
    Treatment arm Placebo
    Total subjects affected by non serious adverse events
         subjects affected / exposed
    6 / 13 (46.15%)
    5 / 14 (35.71%)
    Injury, poisoning and procedural complications
    Pain of left upper quadrant
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 13 (7.69%)
    0 / 14 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    0
    Vascular disorders
    Dizziness
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 13 (7.69%)
    0 / 14 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    0
    Cardiac disorders
    Chest pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 13 (7.69%)
    0 / 14 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    0
    Surgical and medical procedures
    Gastric band related AEs
         subjects affected / exposed
    6 / 13 (46.15%)
    2 / 14 (14.29%)
         occurrences all number
    15
    5
    Nervous system disorders
    Migraine
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 13 (7.69%)
    0 / 14 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    0
    General disorders and administration site conditions
    Sweating
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 13 (7.69%)
    0 / 14 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    0
    Cramps (not GI)
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 13 (7.69%)
    0 / 14 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    0
    Irritable legs
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 13 (7.69%)
    0 / 14 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    0
    Itching
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 13 (7.69%)
    0 / 14 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    0
    Gastrointestinal disorders
    Nausea
         subjects affected / exposed
    6 / 13 (46.15%)
    0 / 14 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    6
    0
    Diarrhoea
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 13 (7.69%)
    2 / 14 (14.29%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    2
    Constipation
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 13 (7.69%)
    0 / 14 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    0
    Vomiting
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 13 (15.38%)
    1 / 14 (7.14%)
         occurrences all number
    6
    1
    Abdominal discomfort
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 13 (15.38%)
    1 / 14 (7.14%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    1
    Gastro-oesophageal
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 13 (0.00%)
    2 / 14 (14.29%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    2
    Loss of appetite
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 13 (15.38%)
    0 / 14 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    0
    Bloating
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 13 (7.69%)
    0 / 14 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    0
    Dry mouth
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 13 (7.69%)
    0 / 14 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    0
    Hepatobiliary disorders
    Cholecystitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 13 (0.00%)
    1 / 14 (7.14%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    0
    Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders
    Sciatic pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 13 (7.69%)
    0 / 14 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    0
    Infections and infestations
    Thrush
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 13 (7.69%)
    1 / 14 (7.14%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    1
    Urinary tract infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 13 (7.69%)
    0 / 14 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    0
    Metabolism and nutrition disorders
    Numbness/cold to extremities
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 13 (15.38%)
    0 / 14 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    0

    More information

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    Substantial protocol amendments (globally)

    Were there any global substantial amendments to the protocol? Yes
    Date
    Amendment
    18 Dec 2017
    SA01 protocol v3.0
    07 Mar 2019
    SA 02 protocol v4 with RSI update

    Interruptions (globally)

    Were there any global interruptions to the trial? No

    Limitations and caveats

    Limitations of the trial such as small numbers of subjects analysed or technical problems leading to unreliable data.
    None reported
    For support, Contact us.
    The status and protocol content of GB trials is no longer updated since 1 January 2021. For the UK, as of 31 January 2021, EU Law applies only to the territory of Northern Ireland (NI) to the extent foreseen in the Protocol on Ireland/NI. Legal notice
    As of 31 January 2023, all EU/EEA initial clinical trial applications must be submitted through CTIS . Updated EudraCT trials information and information on PIP/Art 46 trials conducted exclusively in third countries continues to be submitted through EudraCT and published on this website.

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