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    Clinical Trial Results:
    Phase 3, Randomized, Open-Label, Active-Controlled Study Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of Oral Vadadustat for the Correction or Maintenance Treatment of Anemia in Subjects with Incident Dialysis Dependent Chronic Kidney Disease (DD-CKD) (INNO2VATE – Correction/Conversion)

    Summary
    EudraCT number
    2016-000838-21
    Trial protocol
    DE   PT   IT  
    Global end of trial date
    31 Jan 2020

    Results information
    Results version number
    v1(current)
    This version publication date
    15 Apr 2021
    First version publication date
    15 Apr 2021
    Other versions

    Trial information

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    Trial identification
    Sponsor protocol code
    AKB-6548-CI-0016
    Additional study identifiers
    ISRCTN number
    -
    US NCT number
    NCT02865850
    WHO universal trial number (UTN)
    -
    Sponsors
    Sponsor organisation name
    Akebia Therapeutics, Inc.
    Sponsor organisation address
    245 First Street, Suite 1400, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States, 02142
    Public contact
    Clinical Trial Information Desk, Akebia Therapeutics, Inc., +1 617-844-6128, trials@akebia.com
    Scientific contact
    Steven Burke, Chief Medical Officer, Akebia Therapeutics, Inc., +1 617-844-6128, trials@akebia.com
    Paediatric regulatory details
    Is trial part of an agreed paediatric investigation plan (PIP)
    No
    Does article 45 of REGULATION (EC) No 1901/2006 apply to this trial?
    No
    Does article 46 of REGULATION (EC) No 1901/2006 apply to this trial?
    No
    Results analysis stage
    Analysis stage
    Final
    Date of interim/final analysis
    31 Jan 2020
    Is this the analysis of the primary completion data?
    No
    Global end of trial reached?
    Yes
    Global end of trial date
    31 Jan 2020
    Was the trial ended prematurely?
    No
    General information about the trial
    Main objective of the trial
    The primary objective of this study was to demonstrate the efficacy and safety of vadadustat compared with darbepoetin alfa for the maintenance treatment of anemia after the correction of hemoglobin (Hb) or conversion from current erythropoiesis-stimulating agent (ESA) therapy, in subjects who have recently initiated dialysis treatment for dialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease (DD-CKD).
    Protection of trial subjects
    The study was conducted in full compliance with the principles of the “Declaration of Helsinki” (as amended in Tokyo, Venice, Hong Kong, and South Africa), International Council for Harmonisation (ICH) guidelines, and all of the applicable United States Code of Federal Regulations 21 (US CFR 21 CFR Part 50 and 312).
    Background therapy
    -
    Evidence for comparator
    -
    Actual start date of recruitment
    18 Jul 2016
    Long term follow-up planned
    Yes
    Long term follow-up rationale
    Safety
    Long term follow-up duration
    2 Years
    Independent data monitoring committee (IDMC) involvement?
    Yes
    Population of trial subjects
    Number of subjects enrolled per country
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Argentina: 8
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Brazil: 38
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Italy: 7
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Korea, Republic of: 9
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Mexico: 1
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Poland: 20
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Portugal: 15
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Russian Federation: 10
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Ukraine: 62
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    United States: 199
    Worldwide total number of subjects
    369
    EEA total number of subjects
    42
    Number of subjects enrolled per age group
    In utero
    0
    Preterm newborn - gestational age < 37 wk
    0
    Newborns (0-27 days)
    0
    Infants and toddlers (28 days-23 months)
    0
    Children (2-11 years)
    0
    Adolescents (12-17 years)
    0
    Adults (18-64 years)
    259
    From 65 to 84 years
    106
    85 years and over
    4

    Subject disposition

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    Recruitment
    Recruitment details
    -

    Pre-assignment
    Screening details
    A total of 652 subjects were screened for entry into the study. Of these, 369 subjects were enrolled and randomized in the study.

    Period 1
    Period 1 title
    Overall Study (overall period)
    Is this the baseline period?
    Yes
    Allocation method
    Randomised - controlled
    Blinding used
    Not blinded

    Arms
    Are arms mutually exclusive
    Yes

    Arm title
    Vadadustat
    Arm description
    Subjects were randomized to receive vadadustat at an initial oral dose of 300 milligrams per day (mg/day). Thereafter, vadadustat was taken once daily on an outpatient basis. Up-and-down titration to 150, 300, 450, and 600 mg (available tablet strength was administered as the appropriate number of 150 mg tablets) was allowed during the study based on hemoglobin (Hb) level measurements every 4 weeks to maintain target Hb levels.
    Arm type
    Experimental

    Investigational medicinal product name
    Vadadustat
    Investigational medicinal product code
    AKB-6548
    Other name
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Tablet
    Routes of administration
    Oral use
    Dosage and administration details
    150 mg white to off-white, round, bi-convex film-coated tablets for oral administration with a starting dose of 300 mg/day

    Arm title
    Darbepoetin Alfa
    Arm description
    Subjects were randomized to darbepoetin alfa at an initial dose that was based on the current package insert for investigational sites in the United States (US), and the Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC) for all other investigational sites (non-US) for adult subjects with chronic kidney disease on dialysis. For subjects already on darbepoetin alfa, the initial dosing regimen in the study was based on the prior dosing regimen.
    Arm type
    Active comparator

    Investigational medicinal product name
    Darbepoetin Alfa
    Investigational medicinal product code
    Other name
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Solution for injection in pre-filled syringe
    Routes of administration
    Subcutaneous use
    Dosage and administration details
    pre-filled syringes as an injectable solution for subcutaneous (SC) administration

    Investigational medicinal product name
    Darbepoetin Alfa
    Investigational medicinal product code
    Other name
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Solution for injection in pre-filled syringe
    Routes of administration
    Intravenous bolus use
    Dosage and administration details
    pre-filled syringes as an injectable solution for intravenous (IV) administration

    Number of subjects in period 1
    Vadadustat Darbepoetin Alfa
    Started
    181
    188
    Completed
    160
    165
    Not completed
    21
    23
         Consent withdrawn by subject
    3
    2
         Death
    15
    19
         Lost to follow-up
    3
    2

    Baseline characteristics

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    Baseline characteristics reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Vadadustat
    Reporting group description
    Subjects were randomized to receive vadadustat at an initial oral dose of 300 milligrams per day (mg/day). Thereafter, vadadustat was taken once daily on an outpatient basis. Up-and-down titration to 150, 300, 450, and 600 mg (available tablet strength was administered as the appropriate number of 150 mg tablets) was allowed during the study based on hemoglobin (Hb) level measurements every 4 weeks to maintain target Hb levels.

    Reporting group title
    Darbepoetin Alfa
    Reporting group description
    Subjects were randomized to darbepoetin alfa at an initial dose that was based on the current package insert for investigational sites in the United States (US), and the Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC) for all other investigational sites (non-US) for adult subjects with chronic kidney disease on dialysis. For subjects already on darbepoetin alfa, the initial dosing regimen in the study was based on the prior dosing regimen.

    Reporting group values
    Vadadustat Darbepoetin Alfa Total
    Number of subjects
    181 188 369
    Age categorical
    Units:
    Age continuous
    Units: years
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    56.5 ( 14.80 ) 55.6 ( 14.60 ) -
    Gender categorical
    Units: subjects
        Female
    74 75 149
        Male
    107 113 220
    Race/Ethnicity, Customized
    Units: Subjects
        American Indian or Alaska Native
    1 0 1
        Asian
    12 8 20
        Black or African American
    38 35 73
        White
    129 143 272
        Not Reported
    0 1 1
        Reported as Other
    0 1 1
        Multiple
    1 0 1
    Average hemoglobin
    Units: grams per deciliter (g/dL)
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    9.369 ( 1.0701 ) 9.190 ( 1.1381 ) -

    End points

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    End points reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Vadadustat
    Reporting group description
    Subjects were randomized to receive vadadustat at an initial oral dose of 300 milligrams per day (mg/day). Thereafter, vadadustat was taken once daily on an outpatient basis. Up-and-down titration to 150, 300, 450, and 600 mg (available tablet strength was administered as the appropriate number of 150 mg tablets) was allowed during the study based on hemoglobin (Hb) level measurements every 4 weeks to maintain target Hb levels.

    Reporting group title
    Darbepoetin Alfa
    Reporting group description
    Subjects were randomized to darbepoetin alfa at an initial dose that was based on the current package insert for investigational sites in the United States (US), and the Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC) for all other investigational sites (non-US) for adult subjects with chronic kidney disease on dialysis. For subjects already on darbepoetin alfa, the initial dosing regimen in the study was based on the prior dosing regimen.

    Primary: Change in Average Hemoglobin (Hb) between Baseline and the Primary Efficacy Period (Weeks 24 to 36)

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    End point title
    Change in Average Hemoglobin (Hb) between Baseline and the Primary Efficacy Period (Weeks 24 to 36)
    End point description
    Change from Baseline was calculated as the Primary Efficacy Period value minus the Baseline value. The Primary Efficacy Period was comprised of Weeks 24 to 36. Analysis was conducted in members of the Randomized Population, comprised of all subjects randomized. Analyses of this population were based on the randomized treatment. Analysis was conducted using an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) model with multiple imputation for missing data with Baseline hemoglobin concentration, region, and New York Heart Association congestive heart failure (NYHA CHF) class as covariates.
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    Baseline; Weeks 24 to 36
    End point values
    Vadadustat Darbepoetin Alfa
    Number of subjects analysed
    181 [1]
    188 [2]
    Units: grams per deciliter (g/dL)
        least squares mean (standard error)
    1.26 ( 0.109 )
    1.58 ( 0.108 )
    Notes
    [1] - Randomized Population
    [2] - Randomized Population
    Statistical analysis title
    ANCOVA with Multiple Imputation
    Statistical analysis description
    Treatment Comparison: Vadadustat minus Darbepoetin Alfa
    Comparison groups
    Vadadustat v Darbepoetin Alfa
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    369
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    non-inferiority [3]
    Method
    Parameter type
    Least squares mean difference
    Point estimate
    -0.31
    Confidence interval
         level
    95%
         sides
    2-sided
         lower limit
    -0.53
         upper limit
    -0.1
    Variability estimate
    Standard error of the mean
    Dispersion value
    0.11
    Notes
    [3] - Establishment of non-inferiority was based on a margin of -0.75 g/dL applied to the difference in mean change: vadadustat minus darbepoetin alfa.

    Secondary: Change in Average Hb Value between Baseline and the Secondary Efficacy Period (Weeks 40 to 52)

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    End point title
    Change in Average Hb Value between Baseline and the Secondary Efficacy Period (Weeks 40 to 52)
    End point description
    Change from Baseline was calculated as the Secondary Efficacy Period value minus the Baseline value. The Secondary Efficacy Period was comprised of Weeks 40 to 52. Analysis was conducted using an ANCOVA model with multiple imputation for missing data with Baseline hemoglobin concentration, region, and NYHA CHF class as covariates.
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Baseline; Weeks 40 to 52
    End point values
    Vadadustat Darbepoetin Alfa
    Number of subjects analysed
    181 [4]
    188 [5]
    Units: g/dL
        least squares mean (standard error)
    1.42 ( 0.132 )
    1.50 ( 0.136 )
    Notes
    [4] - Randomized Population
    [5] - Randomized Population
    Statistical analysis title
    ANCOVA with Multiple Imputation
    Statistical analysis description
    Treatment Comparison: Vadadustat minus Darbepoetin Alfa
    Comparison groups
    Vadadustat v Darbepoetin Alfa
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    369
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    non-inferiority [6]
    Method
    Parameter type
    Least squares mean difference
    Point estimate
    -0.07
    Confidence interval
         level
    95%
         sides
    2-sided
         lower limit
    -0.34
         upper limit
    0.19
    Variability estimate
    Standard error of the mean
    Dispersion value
    0.134
    Notes
    [6] - Establishment of non-inferiority was based on a margin of -0.75 g/dL applied to the difference in mean change: vadadustat minus darbepoetin alfa.

    Adverse events

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    Adverse events information
    Timeframe for reporting adverse events
    up to approximately 168 weeks
    Adverse event reporting additional description
    Treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs), defined as adverse events (AEs) that began (or pre-existing AEs that worsened) on or after the first dose, are reported.
    Assessment type
    Systematic
    Dictionary used for adverse event reporting
    Dictionary name
    MedDRA
    Dictionary version
    22.1
    Reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Vadadustat
    Reporting group description
    Subjects were randomized to receive vadadustat at an initial oral dose of 300 milligrams per day (mg/day). Thereafter, vadadustat was taken once daily on an outpatient basis. Up-and-down titration to 150, 300, 450, and 600 mg (available tablet strength was administered as the appropriate number of 150 mg tablets) was allowed during the study based on hemoglobin (Hb) level measurements every 4 weeks to maintain target Hb levels.

    Reporting group title
    Darbepoetin Alfa
    Reporting group description
    Subjects were randomized to darbepoetin alfa at an initial dose that was based on the current package insert for investigational sites in the United States (US), and the Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC) for all other investigational sites (non-US) for adult subjects with chronic kidney disease on dialysis. For subjects already on darbepoetin alfa, the initial dosing regimen in the study was based on the prior dosing regimen.

    Serious adverse events
    Vadadustat Darbepoetin Alfa
    Total subjects affected by serious adverse events
         subjects affected / exposed
    89 / 179 (49.72%)
    105 / 186 (56.45%)
         number of deaths (all causes)
    15
    20
         number of deaths resulting from adverse events
    15
    18
    Neoplasms benign, malignant and unspecified (incl cysts and polyps)
    Choroid melanoma
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 179 (0.00%)
    1 / 186 (0.54%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Hepatocellular carcinoma
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 179 (0.56%)
    0 / 186 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Lip squamous cell carcinoma
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 179 (0.00%)
    1 / 186 (0.54%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Metastases to spine
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 179 (0.56%)
    0 / 186 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    Neoplasm
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 179 (0.00%)
    1 / 186 (0.54%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Ovarian neoplasm
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 179 (0.00%)
    1 / 186 (0.54%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Vascular disorders
    Hypertensive urgency
         subjects affected / exposed
    7 / 179 (3.91%)
    3 / 186 (1.61%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 12
    0 / 3
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Hypertension
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 179 (1.12%)
    3 / 186 (1.61%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
    0 / 3
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Arteriosclerosis
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 179 (0.00%)
    2 / 186 (1.08%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 2
    Hypertensive crisis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 179 (0.56%)
    1 / 186 (0.54%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Hypertensive emergency
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 179 (0.56%)
    1 / 186 (0.54%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Hypotension
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 179 (1.12%)
    0 / 186 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Peripheral ischaemia
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 179 (1.12%)
    0 / 186 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 3
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Peripheral vascular disorder
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 179 (0.56%)
    1 / 186 (0.54%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Accelerated hypertension
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 179 (0.56%)
    0 / 186 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Aortic aneurysm
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 179 (0.00%)
    1 / 186 (0.54%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Aortic stenosis
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 179 (0.00%)
    1 / 186 (0.54%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Brachiocephalic vein thrombosis
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 179 (0.00%)
    1 / 186 (0.54%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Extremity necrosis
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 179 (0.00%)
    1 / 186 (0.54%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Jugular vein thrombosis
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 179 (0.00%)
    1 / 186 (0.54%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Malignant hypertension
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 179 (0.56%)
    0 / 186 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Orthostatic hypotension
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 179 (0.56%)
    0 / 186 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Peripheral arterial occlusive disease
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 179 (0.56%)
    0 / 186 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    Shock haemorrhagic
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 179 (0.00%)
    1 / 186 (0.54%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Steal syndrome
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 179 (0.56%)
    0 / 186 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Superior vena cava syndrome
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 179 (0.56%)
    0 / 186 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Thrombophlebitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 179 (0.00%)
    1 / 186 (0.54%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Venous thrombosis
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 179 (0.00%)
    1 / 186 (0.54%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Surgical and medical procedures
    Hospitalisation
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 179 (0.00%)
    1 / 186 (0.54%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Pregnancy, puerperium and perinatal conditions
    Pre-eclampsia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 179 (0.56%)
    0 / 186 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    General disorders and administration site conditions
    Non-cardiac chest pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 179 (1.68%)
    3 / 186 (1.61%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 3
    0 / 3
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Complication associated with device
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 179 (0.00%)
    2 / 186 (1.08%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Death
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 179 (0.56%)
    1 / 186 (0.54%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 1
    Impaired healing
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 179 (1.12%)
    0 / 186 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Asthenia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 179 (0.56%)
    0 / 186 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Cardiac death
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 179 (0.00%)
    1 / 186 (0.54%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    Pyrexia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 179 (0.56%)
    0 / 186 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Sudden cardiac death
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 179 (0.56%)
    0 / 186 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    Systemic inflammatory response syndrome
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 179 (0.00%)
    1 / 186 (0.54%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Reproductive system and breast disorders
    Uterine polyp
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 179 (0.56%)
    0 / 186 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
    Acute respiratory failure
         subjects affected / exposed
    5 / 179 (2.79%)
    4 / 186 (2.15%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 5
    0 / 4
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Pulmonary oedema
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 179 (2.23%)
    2 / 186 (1.08%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 4
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Acute pulmonary oedema
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 179 (1.12%)
    3 / 186 (1.61%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
    0 / 3
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    Dyspnoea
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 179 (0.56%)
    1 / 186 (0.54%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Asthma
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 179 (0.00%)
    1 / 186 (0.54%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Hydrothorax
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 179 (0.00%)
    1 / 186 (0.54%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Hypoxia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 179 (0.56%)
    0 / 186 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Interstitial lung disease
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 179 (0.56%)
    0 / 186 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Pleural effusion
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 179 (0.56%)
    0 / 186 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Pulmonary artery thrombosis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 179 (0.56%)
    0 / 186 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Pulmonary hypertension
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 179 (0.00%)
    1 / 186 (0.54%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Sleep apnoea syndrome
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 179 (0.00%)
    1 / 186 (0.54%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Vocal cord leukoplakia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 179 (0.56%)
    0 / 186 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Psychiatric disorders
    Mental status changes
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 179 (0.00%)
    2 / 186 (1.08%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Bipolar I disorder
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 179 (0.00%)
    1 / 186 (0.54%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Depression
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 179 (0.00%)
    1 / 186 (0.54%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Product issues
    Device occlusion
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 179 (0.00%)
    1 / 186 (0.54%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Investigations
    Alanine aminotransferase increased
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 179 (0.56%)
    3 / 186 (1.61%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 3
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Hepatic enzyme increased
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 179 (1.12%)
    1 / 186 (0.54%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Transaminases increased
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 179 (0.56%)
    1 / 186 (0.54%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Aspartate aminotransferase increased
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 179 (0.56%)
    0 / 186 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Haemoglobin decreased
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 179 (0.56%)
    0 / 186 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Injury, poisoning and procedural complications
    Arteriovenous fistula thrombosis
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 179 (1.68%)
    6 / 186 (3.23%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 3
    1 / 6
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Vascular access site thrombosis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 179 (0.56%)
    3 / 186 (1.61%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 4
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Fall
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 179 (0.56%)
    1 / 186 (0.54%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Pelvic fracture
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 179 (1.12%)
    0 / 186 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Spinal compression fracture
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 179 (1.12%)
    0 / 186 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 3
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Ankle fracture
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 179 (0.00%)
    1 / 186 (0.54%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Arteriovenous fistula site haemorrhage
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 179 (0.56%)
    0 / 186 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Arteriovenous graft thrombosis
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 179 (0.00%)
    1 / 186 (0.54%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Concussion
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 179 (0.00%)
    1 / 186 (0.54%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Femoral neck fracture
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 179 (0.56%)
    0 / 186 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Femur fracture
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 179 (0.56%)
    0 / 186 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Foot fracture
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 179 (0.56%)
    0 / 186 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Lower limb fracture
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 179 (0.00%)
    1 / 186 (0.54%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Lumbar vertebral fracture
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 179 (0.00%)
    1 / 186 (0.54%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Multiple injuries
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 179 (0.00%)
    1 / 186 (0.54%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Muscle injury
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 179 (0.00%)
    1 / 186 (0.54%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Periprosthetic fracture
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 179 (0.00%)
    1 / 186 (0.54%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Peritoneal dialysis complication
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 179 (0.56%)
    0 / 186 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Post procedural haemorrhage
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 179 (0.56%)
    0 / 186 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Skin laceration
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 179 (0.00%)
    1 / 186 (0.54%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Soft tissue injury
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 179 (0.56%)
    0 / 186 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Subdural haemorrhage
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 179 (0.56%)
    0 / 186 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    Traumatic intracranial haematoma
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 179 (0.56%)
    0 / 186 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Vascular access malfunction
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 179 (0.56%)
    0 / 186 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Wound dehiscence
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 179 (0.56%)
    0 / 186 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Wound necrosis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 179 (0.56%)
    0 / 186 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Cardiac disorders
    Coronary artery disease
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 179 (2.23%)
    4 / 186 (2.15%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 5
    0 / 4
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Acute myocardial infarction
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 179 (1.68%)
    4 / 186 (2.15%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 4
    0 / 4
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 1
    Atrial fibrillation
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 179 (1.68%)
    4 / 186 (2.15%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 3
    0 / 5
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Cardiac failure congestive
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 179 (1.68%)
    4 / 186 (2.15%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 4
    0 / 6
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Cardiac arrest
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 179 (1.12%)
    3 / 186 (1.61%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
    0 / 3
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 2
    Myocardial infarction
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 179 (1.12%)
    2 / 186 (1.08%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    Pulseless electrical activity
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 179 (1.12%)
    1 / 186 (0.54%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Angina unstable
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 179 (0.56%)
    1 / 186 (0.54%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Atrial flutter
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 179 (0.00%)
    2 / 186 (1.08%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Cardiac failure chronic
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 179 (0.00%)
    2 / 186 (1.08%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    Cardiogenic shock
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 179 (1.12%)
    0 / 186 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    Pericardial effusion
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 179 (0.56%)
    1 / 186 (0.54%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Pericarditis
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 179 (1.12%)
    0 / 186 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Angina pectoris
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 179 (0.56%)
    0 / 186 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Aortic valve stenosis
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 179 (0.00%)
    1 / 186 (0.54%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Atrial tachycardia
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 179 (0.00%)
    1 / 186 (0.54%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Atrioventricular block complete
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 179 (0.00%)
    1 / 186 (0.54%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Bradycardia
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 179 (0.00%)
    1 / 186 (0.54%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Bundle branch block left
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 179 (0.56%)
    0 / 186 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Bundle branch block right
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 179 (0.56%)
    0 / 186 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Cardiac failure
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 179 (0.00%)
    1 / 186 (0.54%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    Cardiac failure acute
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 179 (0.00%)
    1 / 186 (0.54%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    Cardiac valve disease
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 179 (0.56%)
    0 / 186 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    Cardio-respiratory arrest
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 179 (0.56%)
    0 / 186 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    Chronic left ventricular failure
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 179 (0.00%)
    1 / 186 (0.54%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Coronary artery stenosis
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 179 (0.00%)
    1 / 186 (0.54%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Ischaemic cardiomyopathy
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 179 (0.00%)
    1 / 186 (0.54%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Left ventricular dysfunction
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 179 (0.00%)
    1 / 186 (0.54%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Left ventricular failure
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 179 (0.00%)
    1 / 186 (0.54%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Myocardial ischaemia
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 179 (0.00%)
    1 / 186 (0.54%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Tachycardia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 179 (0.56%)
    0 / 186 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Ventricular tachycardia
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 179 (0.00%)
    1 / 186 (0.54%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Nervous system disorders
    Cerebrovascular accident
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 179 (1.12%)
    1 / 186 (0.54%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
    1 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Transient ischaemic attack
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 179 (0.56%)
    2 / 186 (1.08%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Ischaemic stroke
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 179 (0.56%)
    1 / 186 (0.54%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Syncope
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 179 (0.56%)
    1 / 186 (0.54%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Aphasia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 179 (0.56%)
    0 / 186 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Brain injury
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 179 (0.56%)
    0 / 186 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Brain stem syndrome
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 179 (0.56%)
    0 / 186 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Cerebral haematoma
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 179 (0.00%)
    1 / 186 (0.54%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Cerebral hypoperfusion
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 179 (0.56%)
    0 / 186 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Embolic stroke
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 179 (0.56%)
    0 / 186 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Lacunar infarction
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 179 (0.00%)
    1 / 186 (0.54%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Myoclonus
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 179 (0.56%)
    0 / 186 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Postresuscitation encephalopathy
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 179 (0.56%)
    0 / 186 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Seizure
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 179 (0.00%)
    1 / 186 (0.54%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    1 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Subarachnoid haemorrhage
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 179 (0.00%)
    1 / 186 (0.54%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Blood and lymphatic system disorders
    Anaemia
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 179 (1.12%)
    2 / 186 (1.08%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
    0 / 3
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Blood loss anaemia
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 179 (0.00%)
    2 / 186 (1.08%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 3
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Blood disorder
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 179 (0.00%)
    1 / 186 (0.54%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Pancytopenia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 179 (0.56%)
    0 / 186 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Eye disorders
    Angle closure glaucoma
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 179 (0.56%)
    0 / 186 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Diabetic retinopathy
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 179 (0.56%)
    0 / 186 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Retinal artery thrombosis
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 179 (0.00%)
    1 / 186 (0.54%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Gastrointestinal disorders
    Pancreatitis acute
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 179 (0.00%)
    4 / 186 (2.15%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 4
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Gastrointestinal haemorrhage
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 179 (0.56%)
    2 / 186 (1.08%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 4
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Small intestinal obstruction
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 179 (0.56%)
    2 / 186 (1.08%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Chronic gastritis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 179 (0.56%)
    1 / 186 (0.54%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Gastritis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 179 (0.56%)
    1 / 186 (0.54%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Gastritis erosive
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 179 (0.00%)
    2 / 186 (1.08%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Haemorrhoids
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 179 (0.00%)
    2 / 186 (1.08%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Impaired gastric emptying
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 179 (0.00%)
    2 / 186 (1.08%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 4
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 179 (0.00%)
    2 / 186 (1.08%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Abdominal migraine
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 179 (0.56%)
    0 / 186 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Abdominal pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 179 (0.56%)
    0 / 186 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Abdominal pain lower
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 179 (0.00%)
    1 / 186 (0.54%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Ascites
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 179 (0.00%)
    1 / 186 (0.54%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Diarrhoea
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 179 (0.00%)
    1 / 186 (0.54%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Diarrhoea haemorrhagic
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 179 (0.00%)
    1 / 186 (0.54%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Diverticular perforation
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 179 (0.56%)
    0 / 186 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Dolichocolon acquired
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 179 (0.00%)
    1 / 186 (0.54%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Duodenal ulcer
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 179 (0.00%)
    1 / 186 (0.54%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Duodenal ulcer haemorrhage
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 179 (0.00%)
    1 / 186 (0.54%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Duodenal ulcer perforation
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 179 (0.00%)
    1 / 186 (0.54%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Faecaloma
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 179 (0.00%)
    1 / 186 (0.54%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Gastric haemorrhage
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 179 (0.00%)
    1 / 186 (0.54%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Gastric ulcer
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 179 (0.56%)
    0 / 186 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Gastric ulcer haemorrhage
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 179 (0.00%)
    1 / 186 (0.54%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Gastrointestinal inflammation
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 179 (0.56%)
    0 / 186 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Gastrointestinal polyp haemorrhage
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 179 (0.00%)
    1 / 186 (0.54%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Gastrooesophageal reflux disease
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 179 (0.00%)
    1 / 186 (0.54%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Haematemesis
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 179 (0.00%)
    1 / 186 (0.54%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Haemorrhagic erosive gastritis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 179 (0.56%)
    0 / 186 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Intestinal obstruction
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 179 (0.56%)
    0 / 186 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Large intestine perforation
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 179 (0.56%)
    0 / 186 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
    Pancreatitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 179 (0.00%)
    1 / 186 (0.54%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Proctitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 179 (0.00%)
    1 / 186 (0.54%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Rectal haemorrhage
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 179 (0.00%)
    1 / 186 (0.54%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Vomiting
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 179 (0.00%)
    1 / 186 (0.54%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Hepatobiliary disorders
    Cholecystitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 179 (0.00%)
    2 / 186 (1.08%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Cholelithiasis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 179 (0.56%)
    1 / 186 (0.54%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Biliary colic
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 179 (0.00%)
    1 / 186 (0.54%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Cholecystitis acute
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 179 (0.00%)
    1 / 186 (0.54%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Hepatic congestion
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 179 (0.00%)
    1 / 186 (0.54%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Porcelain gallbladder
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 179 (0.56%)
    0 / 186 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders
    Skin ulcer
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 179 (0.56%)
    1 / 186 (0.54%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Blister
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 179 (0.56%)
    0 / 186 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Hidradenitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 179 (0.00%)
    1 / 186 (0.54%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Renal and urinary disorders
    Azotaemia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 179 (0.56%)
    1 / 186 (0.54%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    End stage renal disease
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 179 (0.00%)
    2 / 186 (1.08%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 2
    Chronic kidney disease
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 179 (0.56%)
    0 / 186 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Endocrine disorders
    Adrenal insufficiency
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 179 (0.00%)
    1 / 186 (0.54%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders
    Arthritis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 179 (0.56%)
    0 / 186 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Muscular weakness
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 179 (0.00%)
    1 / 186 (0.54%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    SLE arthritis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 179 (0.56%)
    0 / 186 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Systemic lupus erythematosus
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 179 (0.00%)
    1 / 186 (0.54%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Infections and infestations
    Pneumonia
         subjects affected / exposed
    8 / 179 (4.47%)
    7 / 186 (3.76%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 15
    0 / 8
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
    0 / 0
    Sepsis
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 179 (1.68%)
    6 / 186 (3.23%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 3
    0 / 6
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 2
    Osteomyelitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 179 (2.23%)
    4 / 186 (2.15%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 4
    0 / 4
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Cellulitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 179 (2.23%)
    2 / 186 (1.08%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 5
    0 / 3
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Gangrene
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 179 (1.68%)
    3 / 186 (1.61%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 3
    0 / 4
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Peritonitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 179 (1.68%)
    3 / 186 (1.61%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 3
    0 / 3
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Staphylococcal sepsis
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 179 (2.23%)
    2 / 186 (1.08%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 5
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Device related infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 179 (1.68%)
    1 / 186 (0.54%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 4
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Hepatitis B
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 179 (0.56%)
    3 / 186 (1.61%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 3
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Septic shock
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 179 (0.56%)
    3 / 186 (1.61%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 3
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 2
    Arteriovenous fistula site infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 179 (0.56%)
    2 / 186 (1.08%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 3
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Device related sepsis
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 179 (0.00%)
    3 / 186 (1.61%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 3
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Urinary tract infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 179 (1.12%)
    1 / 186 (0.54%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Urosepsis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 179 (0.56%)
    2 / 186 (1.08%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Vascular device infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 179 (0.56%)
    2 / 186 (1.08%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Acute hepatitis B
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 179 (0.56%)
    1 / 186 (0.54%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Arteriovenous graft site infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 179 (0.56%)
    1 / 186 (0.54%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Bronchitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 179 (0.56%)
    1 / 186 (0.54%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Clostridium difficile colitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 179 (0.56%)
    1 / 186 (0.54%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Renal graft infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 179 (0.00%)
    2 / 186 (1.08%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Staphylococcal infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 179 (0.56%)
    1 / 186 (0.54%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Appendicitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 179 (0.56%)
    0 / 186 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Bacterial sepsis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 179 (0.56%)
    0 / 186 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Breast abscess
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 179 (0.00%)
    1 / 186 (0.54%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Catheter site abscess
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 179 (0.56%)
    0 / 186 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Cellulitis staphylococcal
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 179 (0.00%)
    1 / 186 (0.54%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Clostridium difficile infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 179 (0.56%)
    0 / 186 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Cystitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 179 (0.00%)
    1 / 186 (0.54%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Cytomegalovirus infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 179 (0.00%)
    1 / 186 (0.54%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Cytomegalovirus syndrome
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 179 (0.00%)
    1 / 186 (0.54%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Diabetic foot infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 179 (0.56%)
    0 / 186 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 4
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Diverticulitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 179 (0.56%)
    0 / 186 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Enterococcal sepsis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 179 (0.56%)
    0 / 186 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Gastroenteritis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 179 (0.56%)
    0 / 186 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Influenza
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 179 (0.56%)
    0 / 186 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Intervertebral discitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 179 (0.00%)
    1 / 186 (0.54%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Klebsiella infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 179 (0.00%)
    1 / 186 (0.54%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Localised infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 179 (0.00%)
    1 / 186 (0.54%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Osteomyelitis acute
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 179 (0.56%)
    0 / 186 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Parotitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 179 (0.56%)
    0 / 186 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Pharyngitis streptococcal
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 179 (0.56%)
    0 / 186 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Pneumonia bacterial
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 179 (0.00%)
    1 / 186 (0.54%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Pneumonia mycoplasmal
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 179 (0.00%)
    1 / 186 (0.54%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Pneumonia staphylococcal
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 179 (0.00%)
    1 / 186 (0.54%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Pyelonephritis
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 179 (0.00%)
    1 / 186 (0.54%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Renal cyst infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 179 (0.56%)
    0 / 186 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Respiratory tract infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 179 (0.56%)
    0 / 186 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Serratia bacteraemia
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 179 (0.00%)
    1 / 186 (0.54%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Sinusitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 179 (0.56%)
    0 / 186 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Staphylococcal bacteraemia
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 179 (0.00%)
    1 / 186 (0.54%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Subacute endocarditis
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 179 (0.00%)
    1 / 186 (0.54%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Tracheobronchitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 179 (0.00%)
    1 / 186 (0.54%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Vascular access site infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 179 (0.56%)
    0 / 186 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Wound abscess
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 179 (0.00%)
    1 / 186 (0.54%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Metabolism and nutrition disorders
    Fluid overload
         subjects affected / exposed
    10 / 179 (5.59%)
    2 / 186 (1.08%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 16
    0 / 5
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Hyperkalaemia
         subjects affected / exposed
    5 / 179 (2.79%)
    4 / 186 (2.15%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 8
    0 / 4
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Diabetic ketoacidosis
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 179 (1.12%)
    1 / 186 (0.54%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 4
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Hyperglycaemia
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 179 (1.12%)
    1 / 186 (0.54%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Hypervolaemia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 179 (0.56%)
    2 / 186 (1.08%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Hypoglycaemia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 179 (0.56%)
    2 / 186 (1.08%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
    0 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Cachexia
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 179 (0.00%)
    1 / 186 (0.54%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    Diabetes mellitus inadequate control
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 179 (0.56%)
    0 / 186 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Hypercalcaemia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 179 (0.56%)
    0 / 186 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Frequency threshold for reporting non-serious adverse events: 0%
    Non-serious adverse events
    Vadadustat Darbepoetin Alfa
    Total subjects affected by non serious adverse events
         subjects affected / exposed
    79 / 179 (44.13%)
    83 / 186 (44.62%)
    Injury, poisoning and procedural complications
    Procedural hypotension
         subjects affected / exposed
    11 / 179 (6.15%)
    12 / 186 (6.45%)
         occurrences all number
    14
    21
    Dialysis related complication
         subjects affected / exposed
    8 / 179 (4.47%)
    11 / 186 (5.91%)
         occurrences all number
    10
    19
    Fall
         subjects affected / exposed
    10 / 179 (5.59%)
    8 / 186 (4.30%)
         occurrences all number
    13
    11
    Vascular disorders
    Hypertension
         subjects affected / exposed
    27 / 179 (15.08%)
    24 / 186 (12.90%)
         occurrences all number
    48
    31
    Hypotension
         subjects affected / exposed
    5 / 179 (2.79%)
    16 / 186 (8.60%)
         occurrences all number
    7
    17
    Nervous system disorders
    Headache
         subjects affected / exposed
    8 / 179 (4.47%)
    11 / 186 (5.91%)
         occurrences all number
    11
    11
    Gastrointestinal disorders
    Diarrhoea
         subjects affected / exposed
    18 / 179 (10.06%)
    17 / 186 (9.14%)
         occurrences all number
    25
    21
    Nausea
         subjects affected / exposed
    14 / 179 (7.82%)
    13 / 186 (6.99%)
         occurrences all number
    17
    14
    Vomiting
         subjects affected / exposed
    13 / 179 (7.26%)
    9 / 186 (4.84%)
         occurrences all number
    16
    10
    Constipation
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 179 (1.68%)
    13 / 186 (6.99%)
         occurrences all number
    4
    17
    Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
    Dyspnoea
         subjects affected / exposed
    13 / 179 (7.26%)
    10 / 186 (5.38%)
         occurrences all number
    13
    11
    Cough
         subjects affected / exposed
    11 / 179 (6.15%)
    5 / 186 (2.69%)
         occurrences all number
    12
    5
    Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders
    Pruritus
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 179 (1.12%)
    10 / 186 (5.38%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    11
    Infections and infestations
    Urinary tract infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    9 / 179 (5.03%)
    16 / 186 (8.60%)
         occurrences all number
    10
    19
    Nasopharyngitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    10 / 179 (5.59%)
    8 / 186 (4.30%)
         occurrences all number
    11
    8

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    Substantial protocol amendments (globally)

    Were there any global substantial amendments to the protocol? Yes
    Date
    Amendment
    07 Jun 2017
    • Updated the study design from the current Screening Period of up to 4 weeks to up to 8 weeks and allowed iron, vitamin B12, and folate supplementation as needed during the Screening Period. o Screening Period changed from up to 4 weeks to up to 8 weeks. o One retest was allowed for each laboratory parameter, within the Screening Period. o Subjects who received iron replacement therapy may have had a retest screening hemoglobin (Hb) a minimum of 3 weeks after completion of iron replacement therapy. • Updated Exclusion Criteria. • Vadadustat dosing and dose adjustment guidelines were updated to clarify that subjects who received 1 tablet of dosing prior to interruption resumed treatment with 1 tablet after interruption. • Updated to reflect information from recently completed studies. • Section 6.4.1 (Executive Steering Committee) details were added. • To clarify darbepoetin alfa administration and accountability, the following details were added: o Darbepoetin alfa was changed to be administered per the label. o Darbepoetin alfa was changed to allow doses to be self-administered or administered by health care professional at the clinics, site facility, or at subject’s home according to the investigator’s determination and local practice. o Added additional information on return of darbepoetin alfa for drug accountability and compliance assessment. • Section 9.2.2 (Laboratory Evaluations) was revised to reflect the following: o Modification to the frequency of protocol specified biomarker sample collection. o Additional exploratory sample collection. • Section 11.2 (Study Analysis Populations) clarified the study analysis populations.
    28 Aug 2017
    • Aligned with standard of care for incident dialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease (DD-CKD) subjects, restriction on erythropoiesis-stimulating agent (ESA) use in the 4 weeks prior to and during the initial Screening Period was removed. • ESA was allowed during screening per standard of care. However, for all subjects, it was recommended that no additional ESA doses be administered after Screening Visit -2 and prior to the Randomization Visit.
    18 Jan 2018
    • Updated to reflect that subjects may enter the study on prior ESA therapy. • Updated to reflect information from recently completed studies and for alignment with vadadustat Investigator’s Brochure. • Updated to reflect addition of several key secondary, other secondary efficacy, and safety endpoints in alignment with the Statistical Analysis Plan (SAP). • Modified inclusion criteria to allow subjects who had a mean screening Hb between 8.0 and 11.0 grams per deciliter (g/dL) (inclusive) as determined by the average of 2 Hb values measured by the central laboratory during Screening. • Exclusion Criterion added to define and exclude subjects who were hyporesponsive to ESAs within 8 weeks prior to or during Screening. • Section 7.4.1 retesting was updated for simplification. • Updated to add Lack of Efficacy as a reason for discontinuation for accurate data capture. • Revised to guide investigators to follow printed dose adjustment algorithms. • Updated to align with published guidelines to prescribe iron supplementation and for initiation of ESA rescue. • Updated to specify a dosing compliance range of 80% to 120%. • Updated to clarify that if the Screening Period was less than 30 days, all medications taken within 30 days prior to first dose of study drug were to be recorded. • Updated to require monthly monitoring of Hb drawn as part of local standard of care or via an unscheduled visit. • Updated to require that all new and recurrent malignancies (with a few exceptions) be reported as serious adverse events (SAEs) to standardize reporting. • Updated to define overdose of study drugs. • Updated to reflect a change in the non-inferiority margin from -0.5 to -1.0 g/dL. • Updated with enrollment projections and median study drug exposure times. • Updated definition of missing data to align with the SAP. • Updated to pre-specify key subgroups for subsequent analysis. • Updated to provide adverse event (AE) summaries for specific subgroups.
    13 Sep 2018
    • Updated with revised subject numbering. • Updated to clarify that red blood cell (RBC) transfusion were not allowed within 8 weeks prior to randomization. • Clarified that all enrolled subjects were to be allowed to complete the primary efficacy period prior to global study completion. • Clarified procedures at time of global study completion (GSC) and the importance of continuing to follow subjects through GSC. • Stated that if study drug was temporarily interrupted for more than 60 days, the Medical Monitor had to be contacted before resuming study drug. • End of Trial/Follow-up Visits to be performed at time of permanent discontinuation of study drug. • Added information for investigator regarding subject withdrawal and follow up (FU) and detailed steps to support sites to identify subjects lost to FU. • Updated target enrollment. • Updated with information for which the study teams will remain blinded. • Clarified when study drug to be restarted after ESA rescue and RBC transfusion. • Clarified study drug dosing following ESA administration. • Aligned with change in Exclusion Criteria to clarify RBC transfusions. • Provided guidance on management of concomitant statin use. • Included details on AE collection and managing subjects that permanently stopped study drug. • Defined the EOS assessments that documented subject status at the global study completion/time of subject withdrawal/when subject was deemed lost to FU or upon death. • Added guidance on managing subjects who developed malignancy while on study drug. • Indicated that the sponsor had defined events that classified as serious regardless of their assessment. • Clarified the AE reporting period. • Updated to reflect how Baseline was calculated for Hb. • Updated non-inferiority margin details. • Updated definitions of the primary safety endpoint and how non inferiority was established. • Added Full Analysis Set Population definition. • Added use of analysis of covariance with multiple imputation.
    18 Dec 2018
    • Updated to include reference to the Pharmacy Manual which provided further details on storage and managing temperature excursions. • Updated to provide further guidance regarding concomitant use of simvastatin drug interactions with vadadustat. • Provided guidance regarding concomitant use of breast cancer resistance protein substrates with vadadustat. • Updated to reflect recent results of investigative toxicology studies. • Liver function tests (LFTs) were increased in Year 2, 3, and 4 to include Week 64, 88, 116, 140, 168, and 192.
    26 Feb 2019
    • Updated to include a reference to Study Drug Stopping Rules for management of subjects with alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) abnormalities. • Included the table of LFT results that would require permanent discontinuation of vadadustat. • Updated to exclude subjects with elevations in ALT or AST >3 times the upper limit of normal (ULN) with an elevation of total serum bilirubin >2 times ULN from conditions of temporary discontinuation, as this is now a condition for permanent discontinuation. • Updated to include information defining designated medical events.

    Interruptions (globally)

    Were there any global interruptions to the trial? No

    Limitations and caveats

    Limitations of the trial such as small numbers of subjects analysed or technical problems leading to unreliable data.
    None reported
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