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    Clinical Trial Results:
    A randomized phase II study comparing pembrolizumab with methotrexate in elderly, frail or cisplatin-ineligible patients with head and neck cancers

    Summary
    EudraCT number
    2016-001331-12
    Trial protocol
    DE  
    Global end of trial date
    03 Dec 2021

    Results information
    Results version number
    v1(current)
    This version publication date
    24 Feb 2023
    First version publication date
    24 Feb 2023
    Other versions

    Trial information

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    Trial identification
    Sponsor protocol code
    AIO-KHT-0115
    Additional study identifiers
    ISRCTN number
    -
    US NCT number
    NCT03193931
    WHO universal trial number (UTN)
    -
    Sponsors
    Sponsor organisation name
    AIO-Studien-gGmbH
    Sponsor organisation address
    Kuno-Fischer-Str. 8, Berlin, Germany,
    Public contact
    info@aio-studien-ggmbh.de, AIO-Studien-gGmbH, 0049 30814534431, info@aio-studien-ggmbh.de
    Scientific contact
    info@aio-studien-ggmbh.de, AIO-Studien-gGmbH, 0049 30814534431, info@aio-studien-ggmbh.de
    Paediatric regulatory details
    Is trial part of an agreed paediatric investigation plan (PIP)
    No
    Does article 45 of REGULATION (EC) No 1901/2006 apply to this trial?
    No
    Does article 46 of REGULATION (EC) No 1901/2006 apply to this trial?
    No
    Results analysis stage
    Analysis stage
    Final
    Date of interim/final analysis
    11 Jul 2022
    Is this the analysis of the primary completion data?
    Yes
    Primary completion date
    19 Dec 2020
    Global end of trial reached?
    Yes
    Global end of trial date
    03 Dec 2021
    Was the trial ended prematurely?
    Yes
    General information about the trial
    Main objective of the trial
    To assess antitumor activity of pembrolizumab in SCCHN
    Protection of trial subjects
    This study was planned, analyzed and conducted according to the study protocol and in accordance with the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) ‚Guideline for Good Clinical Practice E6(R1)‘, CPMP/ICH/135/95, based on the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki (1964) and its October 1996 amendment (Somerset West, South Africa). The study was duly conducted in compliance with the German Arzneimittelgesetz (AMG; German Drug Law), and the corresponding Directive 2001/20/EC. Subjects were fully informed regarding all pertinent aspects of the clinical trial as well as the possibility to discontinue at any time in language and terms appropriate for the subject.
    Background therapy
    -
    Evidence for comparator
    -
    Actual start date of recruitment
    02 Feb 2018
    Long term follow-up planned
    No
    Independent data monitoring committee (IDMC) involvement?
    Yes
    Population of trial subjects
    Number of subjects enrolled per country
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Germany: 47
    Worldwide total number of subjects
    47
    EEA total number of subjects
    47
    Number of subjects enrolled per age group
    In utero
    0
    Preterm newborn - gestational age < 37 wk
    0
    Newborns (0-27 days)
    0
    Infants and toddlers (28 days-23 months)
    0
    Children (2-11 years)
    0
    Adolescents (12-17 years)
    0
    Adults (18-64 years)
    14
    From 65 to 84 years
    30
    85 years and over
    3

    Subject disposition

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    Recruitment
    Recruitment details
    -

    Pre-assignment
    Screening details
    Patients were recruited between Feb 2018 and Dec 2019 at 11 study sites in Germany. In total, 54 patients were screened, and 48 were randomized. One patient randomized to Arm B was excluded from treatment and from all analysis sets due to violation of in/exclusion criteria prior to treatment start.

    Period 1
    Period 1 title
    Overall trial (overall period)
    Is this the baseline period?
    Yes
    Allocation method
    Randomised - controlled
    Blinding used
    Not blinded

    Arms
    Are arms mutually exclusive
    Yes

    Arm title
    Arm A - Pembrolizumab
    Arm description
    -
    Arm type
    Experimental

    Investigational medicinal product name
    Pembrolizumab
    Investigational medicinal product code
    Other name
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Solution for infusion
    Routes of administration
    Intravenous use
    Dosage and administration details
    200 mg i.v., Q3W for a maximum duration of 24 months or until disease progression, occurrence of non-tolerable toxicity or patient withdrawal of consent.

    Arm title
    Arm B - Methotrexate
    Arm description
    -
    Arm type
    Active comparator

    Investigational medicinal product name
    Methotrexate
    Investigational medicinal product code
    Other name
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Solution for infusion
    Routes of administration
    Intravenous use
    Dosage and administration details
    40 mg i.v., weekly for a maximum duration of 24 months or until disease progression, occurrence of non-tolerable toxicity or patient withdrawal of consent.

    Number of subjects in period 1
    Arm A - Pembrolizumab Arm B - Methotrexate
    Started
    23
    24
    Completed
    3
    0
    Not completed
    20
    24
         Disease progression
    10
    8
         Patient's wish
    -
    2
         Death
    6
    6
         Investigator decision
    3
    2
         Unacceptable toxicity
    -
    4
         Unrelated medical illness
    1
    2

    Baseline characteristics

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    Baseline characteristics reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Overall trial
    Reporting group description
    -

    Reporting group values
    Overall trial Total
    Number of subjects
    47 47
    Age categorical
    Units: Subjects
        In utero
    0 0
        Preterm newborn infants (gestational age < 37 wks)
    0 0
        Newborns (0-27 days)
    0 0
        Infants and toddlers (28 days-23 months)
    0 0
        Children (2-11 years)
    0 0
        Adolescents (12-17 years)
    0 0
        Adults (18-64 years)
    14 14
        From 65-84 years
    30 30
        85 years and over
    3 3
    Gender categorical
    Units: Subjects
        Female
    13 13
        Male
    34 34
    ECOG status
    Units: Subjects
        ECOG 0
    1 1
        ECOG 1
    5 5
        ECOG 2
    41 41
    Tumor location
    Units: Subjects
        Oral cavity
    17 17
        Larynx
    6 6
        Oropharynx
    17 17
        Hypopharynx
    7 7

    End points

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    End points reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Arm A - Pembrolizumab
    Reporting group description
    -

    Reporting group title
    Arm B - Methotrexate
    Reporting group description
    -

    Primary: Overall survival (OS) rate after 1 year

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    End point title
    Overall survival (OS) rate after 1 year
    End point description
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    Survival status one year after randomization was collected. Randomized subjects for whom survival data at 1 year post randomization was not available (i.e. lost-to-follow-up) were considered dead for the purpose of calculating the primary endpoint.
    End point values
    Arm A - Pembrolizumab Arm B - Methotrexate
    Number of subjects analysed
    23
    24
    Units: Surviving patients
        Pts. alive at 1-year milestone
    4
    9
        Pts. deceased at 1-year milestone
    19
    15
    Statistical analysis title
    Primary endpoint
    Comparison groups
    Arm A - Pembrolizumab v Arm B - Methotrexate
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    47
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    other
    P-value
    = 0.123
    Method
    Chi-squared
    Confidence interval

    Secondary: Failure of strategy rate at 1 year

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    End point title
    Failure of strategy rate at 1 year
    End point description
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Failure of strategy rate at 1 year, defined as death, progressive disease (PD), treatment discontinuation or deterioration of the Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IDAL) score by 2 points [Guigay et al. 2014]
    End point values
    Arm A - Pembrolizumab Arm B - Methotrexate
    Number of subjects analysed
    23
    24
    Units: Patients
        Pts. with failure of strategy
    21
    24
        Pts. without failure of strategy
    2
    0
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Objective response rate (ORR)

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    End point title
    Objective response rate (ORR)
    End point description
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    All lesions identified at screening were to be assessed at each scheduled tumor measurement. Tumor assessment was to be performed every 6 weeks until 24 weeks of treatment, thereafter every 12 weeks until progression.
    End point values
    Arm A - Pembrolizumab Arm B - Methotrexate
    Number of subjects analysed
    23
    24
    Units: Patients
        Response (CR or PR)
    4
    3
        No response
    14
    14
        Missing values
    5
    7
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Progression-free survival (PFS)

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    End point title
    Progression-free survival (PFS)
    End point description
    Subjects who died without a reported prior progression were considered to have progressed on the date of their death. Subjects who did not progress or die were censored on the date of their last evaluable tumor assessment. Subjects who did not have any on-study tumor assessment and did not die were censored on the date they were randomized. Subjects who started any subsequent anticancer therapy without a prior reported progression were censored at the last evaluable tumor assessment prior to or on the date of initiation of the subsequent anticancer therapy. Results reported here are based on 21 progression events observed in each treatment arm.
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    PFS was defined as the time from randomization to the date of the first documented tumor progression based on investigator assessments (per RECIST 1.1), or death due to any cause.
    End point values
    Arm A - Pembrolizumab Arm B - Methotrexate
    Number of subjects analysed
    23
    24
    Units: Months
        median (confidence interval 95%)
    1.84 (1.4 to 4.6)
    2.8 (1.4 to 4.4)
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Overall survival (OS)

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    End point title
    Overall survival (OS)
    End point description
    The data reported here is based on 20 observed events in Arm A and 19 events in Arm B.
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    OS was defined as the time from randomization date to the date of death. A subject who has not died was censored at last known date alive.
    End point values
    Arm A - Pembrolizumab Arm B - Methotrexate
    Number of subjects analysed
    23
    24
    Units: Months
        median (confidence interval 95%)
    6.1 (2.2 to 8.8)
    9.8 (2.0 to 15.8)
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Duration of treatment beyond progression

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    End point title
    Duration of treatment beyond progression
    End point description
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Duration of treatment beyond initial investigator assessed progression
    End point values
    Arm A - Pembrolizumab Arm B - Methotrexate
    Number of subjects analysed
    12
    9
    Units: Days
        median (confidence interval 95%)
    15.5 (1.0 to 28.0)
    8.0 (0.0 to 34.0)
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Adverse events

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    Adverse events information
    Timeframe for reporting adverse events
    Adverse events were recorded from time of signed informed consent until 30 days after last dose of IMP. Serious adverse events were recorded from time of signed informed consent until 90 days after last dose of IMP.
    Adverse event reporting additional description
    If the subject initiated new anticancer therapy after last dose of IMP, serious adverse events were recorded for 30 days after the last dose of IMP.
    Assessment type
    Non-systematic
    Dictionary used for adverse event reporting
    Dictionary name
    CTCAE
    Dictionary version
    4.03
    Reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Arm A - Pembrolizumab
    Reporting group description
    -

    Reporting group title
    Arm B - Methotrexate
    Reporting group description
    -

    Serious adverse events
    Arm A - Pembrolizumab Arm B - Methotrexate
    Total subjects affected by serious adverse events
         subjects affected / exposed
    12 / 22 (54.55%)
    15 / 23 (65.22%)
         number of deaths (all causes)
    20
    19
         number of deaths resulting from adverse events
    Investigations
    Creatinine increased
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 22 (0.00%)
    1 / 23 (4.35%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    1 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Investigations - Other
    Additional description: Event specified was Pancytopenia.
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 22 (0.00%)
    1 / 23 (4.35%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    1 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Neoplasms benign, malignant and unspecified (incl cysts and polyps)
    Tumor pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 22 (0.00%)
    1 / 23 (4.35%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Injury, poisoning and procedural complications
    Hip fracture
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 22 (4.55%)
    0 / 23 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Vascular disorders
    Thromboembolic event
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 22 (0.00%)
    1 / 23 (4.35%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Nervous system disorders
    Stroke
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 22 (4.55%)
    0 / 23 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Syncope
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 22 (0.00%)
    1 / 23 (4.35%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    General disorders and administration site conditions
    General disorders and administration site conditions - Other
    Additional description: One case of General disorders and administration site conditions - Other was specified as 'weakness, malnutrition', and one as 'clinical detorioration'.
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 22 (9.09%)
    0 / 23 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Sudden death NOS
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 22 (0.00%)
    1 / 23 (4.35%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Gastrointestinal disorders
    Dysphagia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 22 (4.55%)
    0 / 23 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Esophageal stenosis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 22 (4.55%)
    0 / 23 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Gastroesophageal reflux disease
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 22 (0.00%)
    1 / 23 (4.35%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    1 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Nausea
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 22 (0.00%)
    1 / 23 (4.35%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    1 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Oral hemorrhage
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 22 (0.00%)
    1 / 23 (4.35%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
    Aspiration
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 22 (9.09%)
    0 / 23 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Dyspareunia
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 22 (0.00%)
    1 / 23 (4.35%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    1 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Pharyngeal hemorrhage
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 22 (0.00%)
    1 / 23 (4.35%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders
    Bullous dermatitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 22 (4.55%)
    0 / 23 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Renal and urinary disorders
    Acute kidney injury
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 22 (0.00%)
    1 / 23 (4.35%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    1 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders
    Back pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 22 (4.55%)
    0 / 23 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Infections and infestations
    Bronchial infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 22 (4.55%)
    0 / 23 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Device related infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 22 (4.55%)
    0 / 23 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Infections and infestations - Other
    Additional description: Events were specified as 'Infection of unclear disease' (Arm A) and 'Suspected systemic infection' (Arm B)-
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 22 (4.55%)
    1 / 23 (4.35%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    1 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Lung infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 22 (4.55%)
    2 / 23 (8.70%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
    1 / 3
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Sepsis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 22 (4.55%)
    2 / 23 (8.70%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    1 / 2
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Skin infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 22 (4.55%)
    0 / 23 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Urinary tract infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 22 (0.00%)
    1 / 23 (4.35%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    1 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Wound infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 22 (4.55%)
    0 / 23 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Frequency threshold for reporting non-serious adverse events: 5%
    Non-serious adverse events
    Arm A - Pembrolizumab Arm B - Methotrexate
    Total subjects affected by non serious adverse events
         subjects affected / exposed
    22 / 22 (100.00%)
    23 / 23 (100.00%)
    Investigations
    Lymphocyte count decreased
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 22 (0.00%)
    2 / 23 (8.70%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    2
    Neutrophil count decreased
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 22 (0.00%)
    3 / 23 (13.04%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    4
    Neoplasms benign, malignant and unspecified (incl cysts and polyps)
    Tumor pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 22 (18.18%)
    0 / 23 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    4
    0
    Nervous system disorders
    Dizziness
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 22 (9.09%)
    1 / 23 (4.35%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    1
    Blood and lymphatic system disorders
    Anemia
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 22 (13.64%)
    1 / 23 (4.35%)
         occurrences all number
    3
    1
    General disorders and administration site conditions
    Edema limbs
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 22 (4.55%)
    2 / 23 (8.70%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    2
    Fatigue
         subjects affected / exposed
    6 / 22 (27.27%)
    6 / 23 (26.09%)
         occurrences all number
    9
    6
    Gastrointestinal disorders
    Constipation
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 22 (4.55%)
    2 / 23 (8.70%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    2
    Diarrhea
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 22 (18.18%)
    4 / 23 (17.39%)
         occurrences all number
    4
    4
    Dysphagia
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 22 (9.09%)
    2 / 23 (8.70%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    2
    Mucositis oral
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 22 (9.09%)
    9 / 23 (39.13%)
         occurrences all number
    3
    14
    Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders
    Dry skin
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 22 (9.09%)
    1 / 23 (4.35%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    1
    Infections and infestations
    Lip infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 22 (0.00%)
    2 / 23 (8.70%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    2
    Lung infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 22 (9.09%)
    0 / 23 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    3
    0
    Urinary tract infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 22 (0.00%)
    2 / 23 (8.70%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    2
    White blood cell count decreased
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 22 (0.00%)
    2 / 23 (8.70%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    2
    Metabolism and nutrition disorders
    Anorexia
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 22 (9.09%)
    0 / 23 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    3
    0
    Hypokalemia
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 22 (9.09%)
    0 / 23 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    3
    0

    More information

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    Substantial protocol amendments (globally)

    Were there any global substantial amendments to the protocol? Yes
    Date
    Amendment
    06 Jun 2017
    - Within the statistical methods and sample size section, wordings were corrected and the sample size calculation was added. - Establishment of a DSMB was introduced into the protocol.

    Interruptions (globally)

    Were there any global interruptions to the trial? No

    Limitations and caveats

    Limitations of the trial such as small numbers of subjects analysed or technical problems leading to unreliable data.
    None reported
    For support, Contact us.
    The status and protocol content of GB trials is no longer updated since 1 January 2021. For the UK, as of 31 January 2021, EU Law applies only to the territory of Northern Ireland (NI) to the extent foreseen in the Protocol on Ireland/NI. Legal notice
    As of 31 January 2023, all EU/EEA initial clinical trial applications must be submitted through CTIS . Updated EudraCT trials information and information on PIP/Art 46 trials conducted exclusively in third countries continues to be submitted through EudraCT and published on this website.

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