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    Summary
    EudraCT Number:2016-001432-35
    Sponsor's Protocol Code Number:MK-3475-355
    National Competent Authority:Spain - AEMPS
    Clinical Trial Type:EEA CTA
    Trial Status:Ongoing
    Date on which this record was first entered in the EudraCT database:2016-06-22
    Trial results
    Index
    A. PROTOCOL INFORMATION
    B. SPONSOR INFORMATION
    C. APPLICANT IDENTIFICATION
    D. IMP IDENTIFICATION
    D.8 INFORMATION ON PLACEBO
    E. GENERAL INFORMATION ON THE TRIAL
    F. POPULATION OF TRIAL SUBJECTS
    G. INVESTIGATOR NETWORKS TO BE INVOLVED IN THE TRIAL
    N. REVIEW BY THE COMPETENT AUTHORITY OR ETHICS COMMITTEE IN THE COUNTRY CONCERNED
    P. END OF TRIAL
    Expand All   Collapse All
    A. Protocol Information
    A.1Member State ConcernedSpain - AEMPS
    A.2EudraCT number2016-001432-35
    A.3Full title of the trial
    A Randomized, Double-Blind, Phase III Study of Pembrolizumab (MK-3475) plus Chemotherapy vs Placebo plus Chemotherapy for Previously Untreated Locally Recurrent Inoperable or Metastatic Triple Negative Breast Cancer – (KEYNOTE-355)
    Estudio de fase III, aleatorizado y doble ciego de pembrolizumab (MK-3475) más quimioterapia frente a un placebo más quimioterapia para el cáncer de mama triple negativo localmente recurrente e inoperable o metastásico, no tratado previamente – (KEYNOTE-355)
    A.3.1Title of the trial for lay people, in easily understood, i.e. non-technical, language
    A Phase III Study to Evaluate Chemotherapy With or Without Pembrolizumab as First Line Treatment for Triple Negative Breast Cancer
    Estudio de fase III para evaluar la quimioterapia con o sin Pembrolizumab como tratamiento de primera línea para el cáncer de mama triple negativo
    A.3.2Name or abbreviated title of the trial where available
    A Phase III Study of Chemotherapy ± Pembrolizumab in 1L Triple Negative Breast Cancer
    Estudio fase III de quimioterapia ± Pembro como tratamiento de 1L para el cáncer de mama triple nega
    A.4.1Sponsor's protocol code numberMK-3475-355
    A.7Trial is part of a Paediatric Investigation Plan No
    A.8EMA Decision number of Paediatric Investigation Plan
    B. Sponsor Information
    B.Sponsor: 1
    B.1.1Name of SponsorMerck Sharp & Dohme Corp., a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc.
    B.1.3.4CountryUnited States
    B.3.1 and B.3.2Status of the sponsorCommercial
    B.4 Source(s) of Monetary or Material Support for the clinical trial:
    B.4.1Name of organisation providing supportMerck Sharp & Dohme Corp., a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc.
    B.4.2CountryUnited States
    B.5 Contact point designated by the sponsor for further information on the trial
    B.5.1Name of organisationMerck Sharp & Dohme de España S.A.
    B.5.2Functional name of contact pointInvestigación Clínica
    B.5.3 Address:
    B.5.3.1Street AddressC/ Josefa Valcárcel, 38
    B.5.3.2Town/ cityMadrid
    B.5.3.3Post code28027
    B.5.3.4CountrySpain
    B.5.4Telephone number+34913210600
    B.5.5Fax number+34913210590
    B.5.6E-mailensayos_clinicos@merck.com
    D. IMP Identification
    D.IMP: 1
    D.1.2 and D.1.3IMP RoleTest
    D.2 Status of the IMP to be used in the clinical trial
    D.2.1IMP to be used in the trial has a marketing authorisation Yes
    D.2.1.1.1Trade name Keytruda
    D.2.1.1.2Name of the Marketing Authorisation holderMerck Sharp and Dohme, Lt
    D.2.1.2Country which granted the Marketing AuthorisationEuropean Union
    D.2.5The IMP has been designated in this indication as an orphan drug in the Community No
    D.2.5.1Orphan drug designation number
    D.3 Description of the IMP
    D.3.1Product namePembrolizumab
    D.3.2Product code MK-3475
    D.3.4Pharmaceutical form Solution for infusion
    D.3.4.1Specific paediatric formulation No
    D.3.7Routes of administration for this IMPIntravenous use
    D.3.8 to D.3.10 IMP Identification Details (Active Substances)
    D.3.8INN - Proposed INNPEMBROLIZUMAB
    D.3.9.1CAS number 1374853-91-4
    D.3.9.2Current sponsor codeMK-3475
    D.3.9.3Other descriptive nameAnti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody
    D.3.9.4EV Substance CodeSUB167136
    D.3.10 Strength
    D.3.10.1Concentration unit mg/ml milligram(s)/millilitre
    D.3.10.2Concentration typeequal
    D.3.10.3Concentration number25
    D.3.11 The IMP contains an:
    D.3.11.1Active substance of chemical origin No
    D.3.11.2Active substance of biological/ biotechnological origin (other than Advanced Therapy IMP (ATIMP) Yes
    The IMP is a:
    D.3.11.3Advanced Therapy IMP (ATIMP) No
    D.3.11.3.1Somatic cell therapy medicinal product No
    D.3.11.3.2Gene therapy medical product No
    D.3.11.3.3Tissue Engineered Product No
    D.3.11.3.4Combination ATIMP (i.e. one involving a medical device) No
    D.3.11.3.5Committee on Advanced therapies (CAT) has issued a classification for this product No
    D.3.11.4Combination product that includes a device, but does not involve an Advanced Therapy No
    D.3.11.5Radiopharmaceutical medicinal product No
    D.3.11.6Immunological medicinal product (such as vaccine, allergen, immune serum) Yes
    D.3.11.7Plasma derived medicinal product No
    D.3.11.8Extractive medicinal product No
    D.3.11.9Recombinant medicinal product Yes
    D.3.11.10Medicinal product containing genetically modified organisms No
    D.3.11.11Herbal medicinal product No
    D.3.11.12Homeopathic medicinal product No
    D.3.11.13Another type of medicinal product No
    D.8 Information on Placebo
    D.8 Placebo: 1
    D.8.1Is a Placebo used in this Trial?Yes
    D.8.3Pharmaceutical form of the placeboSolution for infusion
    D.8.4Route of administration of the placeboIntravenous use
    E. General Information on the Trial
    E.1 Medical condition or disease under investigation
    E.1.1Medical condition(s) being investigated
    Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
    Cáncer de mama triple negativo
    E.1.1.1Medical condition in easily understood language
    Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
    Cáncer de mama triple negativo
    E.1.1.2Therapeutic area Diseases [C] - Cancer [C04]
    MedDRA Classification
    E.1.2 Medical condition or disease under investigation
    E.1.2Version 19.0
    E.1.2Level PT
    E.1.2Classification code 10075566
    E.1.2Term Triple negative breast cancer
    E.1.2System Organ Class 10029104 - Neoplasms benign, malignant and unspecified (incl cysts and polyps)
    E.1.3Condition being studied is a rare disease No
    E.2 Objective of the trial
    E.2.1Main objective of the trial
    Part 1 (Safety Run-In):
    Objective: To evaluate the safety and tolerability of 3 pembrolizumab + chemotherapy combinations, namely, pembrolizumab + paclitaxel, pembrolizumab + nab paclitaxel, and pembrolizumab + emcitabine/carboplatin.
    Part 2 (Phase III study):
    Objective: To compare progression-free survival (PFS) based on Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors Version 1.1 (RECIST 1.1) as assessed by a blinded central imaging vendor (CIV) in all subjects.
    Objective: To compare PFS based on RECIST 1.1 as assessed by a blinded CIV in subjects with programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) positive tumors.
    Objective: To compare overall survival (OS) in all subjects.
    Objective: To compare OS in subjects with PD-L1 positive tumors.
    Primera parte (preinclusión de seguridad):
    Objetivo: Evaluar la seguridad y la tolerabilidad de tres combinaciones de pembrolizumab + quimioterapia, a saber, pembrolizumab + paclitaxel, pembrolizumab + nab-paclitaxel y pembrolizumab + gemcitabina/carboplatino.
    Segunda parte (estudio de fase III):
    Objetivo: Comparar la supervivencia sin progresión (SSP), evaluada conforme a los Criterios de evaluación de la respuesta en tumores sólidos, versión 1.1 (RECIST 1.1), por un laboratorio central de imagen desconocedor de las asignaciones de tratamiento, en todos los sujetos.
    Objetivo: Comparar la SSP, evaluada conforme a los criterios RECIST 1.1 por un laboratorio central de imagen desconocedor de las asignaciones de tratamiento, en los sujetos con tumores positivos para PD-L1 (ligando tipo 1 del receptor de muerte celular programada).
    Objetivo: Comparar la supervivencia global (SG) en todos los sujetos.
    Objetivo: Comparar la SG en los sujetos con tumores positivos para PD-L1.
    E.2.2Secondary objectives of the trial
    Objective: To compare objective response rate (ORR) based on RECIST 1.1 as assessed by a blinded CIV in all subjects.
    Objective: To compare ORR based on RECIST 1.1 as assessed by a blinded CIV in subjects with PD-L1 positive tumors.
    Objective: To evaluate duration of response (DOR) based on RECIST 1.1 as assessed by a blinded CIV in all subjects and in subjects with PD L1 positive tumors.
    Objective: To compare disease control rate (DCR) based on RECIST 1.1 as assessed by a blinded CIV in all subjects and in subjects with PD-L1 positive tumors.
    Objective: To evaluate the safety and tolerability of 3 pembrolizumab + chemotherapy combinations.
    1 Comparar la tasa de respuestas objetivas (TRO), evaluada conforme a los criterios RECIST 1.1 por un laboratorio central de imagen desconocedor de las asignaciones de tratamiento, en todos los sujetos.
    2 Comparar la TRO, evaluada conforme a los criterios RECIST 1.1 por un laboratorio central de imagen desconocedor de las asignaciones de tratamiento, en los sujetos con tumores positivos para PD-L1.
    3 Comparar la duración de la respuesta (DR), evaluada conforme a los criterios RECIST 1.1 por un laboratorio central de imagen desconocedor de las asignaciones de tratamiento, en todos los sujetos y en aquellos con tumores positivos para PD-L1.
    4 Comparar la tasa de control de la enfermedad (TCE), evaluada conforme a los criterios RECIST 1.1 por un laboratorio central de imagen desconocedor de las asignaciones de tratamiento, en todos los sujetos y en aquellos con tumores positivos para PD-L1.
    5 Evalu la seguridad y la tolerabilidad de tres combinaciones de pembrolizumab + quimioterapia.
    E.2.3Trial contains a sub-study Yes
    E.2.3.1Full title, date and version of each sub-study and their related objectives
    Merck will conduct Future Biomedical Research on DNA (blood and tumor tissue) specimens collected during this clinical trial. Such research is for biomarker testing to address emergent questions not described elsewhere in the protocol (as part of the main trial) and will only be conducted on specimens from appropriately consented subjects. The objective of collecting specimens for Future Biomedical Research is to explore and identify biomarkers that inform the scientific understanding of diseases and/or their therapeutic treatments. The overarching goal is to use such information to develop safer, more effective drugs, and/or to ensure that subjects receive the correct dose of the correct drug at the correct time.
    El promotor realizará investigaciones biomédicas futuras con las muestras obtenidas para tal finalidad durante este ensayo clínico. Dichas investigaciones podrán incluir análisis genéticos (ADN), determinación de perfiles de expresión génica (ARN), proteómica, metabolómica (suero, plasma) y/o determinación de otros analitos.

    Estas investigaciones tendrán por objeto el análisis de biomarcadores con el fin de abordar aspectos nuevos que no se describen en otras partes del protocolo (como parte del ensayo principal) y solo se llevarán a cabo en muestras de los sujetos que hayan otorgado el consentimiento correspondiente. El objetivo de la obtención de muestras para investigaciones biomédicas futuras consiste en estudiar e identificar biomarcadores que proporcionen información a los científicos sobre las enfermedades y/o sus tratamientos. El objetivo último consiste en utilizar tal información para desarrollar vacunas y fármacos más seguros y eficaces y/o para garantizar que los sujetos reciban la dosis correcta del fármaco o vacuna adecuado en el momento preciso.
    E.3Principal inclusion criteria
    1. Have signed informed consent to study participation. The subject may also provide consent for Future Biomedical Research (FBR). However, the subject may participate in the main trial without participating in FBR.
    2. Be at least 18 years of age on the day of signing informed consent.
    3. Have locally recurrent inoperable breast cancer not previously treated with
    chemotherapy and which cannot be treated with curative intent.
    OR
    Have metastatic breast cancer not previously treated with chemotherapy.
    Note: Subjects with a history of locally recurrent breast cancer, which was previously treated with curative intent, may be eligible.
    4. Have centrally confirmed TNBC, as defined by the most recent ASCO/CAP
    guidelines.
    Note: Subjects initially diagnosed with hormone receptor–positive and/or
    HER2-positive breast cancer must have central confirmation of TNBC in a tumor
    biopsy obtained from a local recurrence or distant metastasis site.
    5. Have completed treatment for Stage I-III breast cancer, if indicated, and ≥6 months elapsed between the completion of treatment with curative intent (e.g., date of primary breast tumor surgery or date of last adjuvant chemotherapy administration, whichever occurred last) and first documented local or distant disease recurrence.
    Note: First documentation of local or distant disease recurrence must be in the form of a dated biopsy, pathology, or imaging study report. A laboratory report indicating tumor marker elevation cannot be used as documentation of local or distant disease recurrence, unless accompanied by dated biopsy, pathology, or imaging study report.
    Note: Subjects who received taxane, gemcitabine, or platinum agents in the
    (neo)adjuvant setting can be treated with same class of chemotherapy (taxane or gemcitabine/carboplatin), if ≥12 months have elapsed between the completion of treatment with curative intent (e.g., date of primary breast tumor surgery or date of last adjuvant chemotherapy administration, whichever occurred last) and first documented local or distant disease recurrence.
    6. Have been treated with (neo)adjuvant anthracycline, if they received systemic
    treatment in the (neo)adjuvant setting, unless anthracycline was contraindicated or not considered the best treatment option for the subject in the opinion of the treating physician.
    Note: Subjects presenting with de novo metastatic TNBC are eligible for the study, if anthracycline is contraindicated or not considered the best treatment option for the subject in the opinion of the treating physician.
    7. Have measurable disease based on RECIST 1.1 as determined by local radiology review.
    Note: Target lesions situated in a previously irradiated area are considered
    measurable, only if they have shown unequivocal progression based on RECIST 1.1 after radiation therapy.
    Note: Chest wall recurrence can be used as a target lesion, only if measurable by
    diagnostic quality imaging modality (digital photography alone is not adequate).
    8. Have provided recently or newly obtained core or excisional biopsy from a locally recurrent inoperable or metastatic tumor lesion for central determination of TNBC status and PD-L1 expression, unless contraindicated due to site inaccessibility and/or subject safety concerns.
    Note: Adequacy of biopsy specimen for the above analyses must be confirmed by the central laboratory. Submission of another tumor specimen may be required, if adequate tumor tissue was not provided the first time.
    Note: An archival tumor specimen obtained before the diagnosis of locally recurrent inoperable or metastatic breast cancer may be submitted after consultation with the Sponsor, if neither a recently nor a newly obtained biopsy from a locally recurrent inoperable or a metastatic site is available.
    9. Have an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0 or 1, as assessed within 10 days prior to the start of study treatment.
    Refer to protocol for complete list.
    1. Haber firmado el consentimiento informado para participar en el estudio. También podrán otorgar su consentimiento para investigaciones biomédicas futuras (FBR, Future Biomedical Research). No obstante, podrán participar en el ensayo principal sin necesidad de hacerlo en investigaciones biomédicas futuras.
    2. Tener una edad mínima de 18 años el día de la firma del consentimiento informado.
    3. Tener un cáncer de mama localmente recurrente e inoperable que no ha sido tratado previamente con quimioterapia y que no puede ser tratado con intención curativa.
    O
    Tener un cáncer de mama metastásico que no ha sido tratado previamente con quimioterapia.
    Nota: Podrán participar sujetos con antecedentes de cáncer de mama localmente recurrente que haya sido tratado previamente con intención curativa.
    4. Tener un CMTN confirmado de manera centralizada, según se define en las directrices más recientes de la ASCO/CAP.
    Nota: Los sujetos inicialmente diagnosticados de un cáncer de mama con receptores hormonales positivos y/o HER2 positivo deberán contar con una confirmación centralizada del CMTN en una biopsia tumoral obtenida a partir de un foco de recidiva local o de metástasis a distancia.
    5. Han completado el tratamiento por un cáncer de mama en estadio I-III, de encontrarse indicado, y han transcurrido ≥6 meses entre la finalización del tratamiento con intención curativa (por ejemplo, fecha de la intervención quirúrgica sobre el tumor de mama primario o fecha de la última administración de quimioterapia adyuvante, lo que haya ocurrido en último lugar) y la primera recidiva local o a distancia documentada de la enfermedad.
    Nota: La primera documentación de recidiva local o a distancia de la enfermedad deberá ser en forma de un informe fechado de biopsia, anatomía patológica o estudio de imagen. Un informe de laboratorio en el que se indique una elevación de marcadores tumorales no podrá utilizarse como documentación de recidiva local o a distancia de la enfermedad, a menos que se acompañen de un informe fechado de biopsia, anatomía patológica o estudio de imagen.
    Nota: Los sujetos que hayan recibido taxanos, gemcitabina o derivados del platino en el contexto (neo)adyuvante podrán ser tratados con el mismo grupo de fármacos antineoplásicos (taxano o gemcitabina/carboplatino), siempre que haya transcurrido un mínimo de 12 meses entre la finalización del tratamiento con intención curativa (por ejemplo, fecha de la intervención quirúrgica sobre el tumor de mama primario o fecha de la última administración de quimioterapia adyuvante, lo que haya ocurrido en último lugar) y la primera recidiva local o a distancia documentada de la enfermedad.
    6. Haber recibido una antraciclina (neo)adyuvante, en caso de que hayan recibido tratamiento sistémico en el contexto (neo)adyuvante, a menos que el uso de antraciclinas estuviera contraindicado o que, según la opinión del médico responsable del tratamiento, no fuera la mejor opción de tratamiento para el sujeto.
    Nota: En el estudio podrán participar sujetos con un cuadro clínico de CMTN metastásico de novo, a menos que el uso de antraciclinas esté contraindicado o que, según la opinión del médico responsable del tratamiento, no sea la mejor opción de tratamiento para el sujeto.
    7. Tener enfermedad mensurable, determinada conforme a los criterios RECIST 1.1 en la revisión radiológica local.
    Nota: Las lesiones diana ubicadas en una zona irradiada previamente se considerarán mensurables únicamente si han mostrado progresión inequívoca conforme a los criterios RECIST 1.1 después de la radioterapia.
    Nota: Una recidiva en la pared torácica podrá utilizarse como lesión diana únicamente si es mensurable mediante una modalidad de imagen de calidad diagnóstica (la fotografía digital sola no se considerará suficiente).
    8. Haber proporcionado o haberse sometido recientemente a una biopsia con aguja gruesa o por escisión de una lesión tumoral localmente recurrente e inoperable o metastásica para determinar de manera centralizada el estado de CMTN y la expresión de PD-L1, a menos que se encuentre contraindicada por inaccesibilidad del foco y/o por problemas de seguridad de los sujetos.
    Nota: La idoneidad de la muestra de biopsia para los análisis anteriores tendrá que ser confirmada por el laboratorio central. Podrá exigirse el envío de otra muestra tumoral, en caso de que la primera vez no se obtuviera tejido tumoral suficiente.
    Nota: Previa consulta al promotor, podrá enviarse una muestra tumoral de archivo obtenida antes del diagnóstico de cáncer de mama localmente recurrente e inoperable o metastásico, siempre que no se disponga de una biopsia de obtención reciente o nueva de un foco localmente recurrente e inoperable o metastásico.
    9. Tener un estado funcional del Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) de 0 o 1, evaluado en los 10 días previos al comienzo del tratamiento del estudio.
    Consulte el protocolo para la lista completa.
    E.4Principal exclusion criteria
    1.Is currently participating in a clinical study and receiving an investigational agent and/or using an investigational device, or has participated in a clinical study and received an investigational agent and/or used an investigational device within 4 weeks prior to randomization.
    Note: Subjects who have entered the follow-up phase of a clinical study may participate as long as 4 weeks have elapsed since the last dose of the investigational agent and/or removal of the device.
    2.Has not recovered (e.g., to ≤Grade 1 or to baseline) from AEs due to a previously administered therapy.
    Note: Alopecia of any grade is an exception to this criterion.
    Note: Prior to randomization, the subject must have recovered adequately from any toxicity and/or complications associated with any recent procedure.
    3.Has neuropathy ≥Grade 2.
    4.Has an active autoimmune disease that has required systemic treatment in the past 2 years (e.g., with use of disease modifying agents, corticosteroids, or immunosuppressive drugs). Replacement therapy (e.g., thyroxine, insulin, or physiologic corticosteroid replacement therapy for adrenal or pituitary insufficiency) is not considered a form of systemic treatment.
    5.Has a diagnosis of immunodeficiency or is receiving systemic steroid therapy or any other form of immunosuppressive therapy within 7 days prior to randomization.
    6.Has a known additional malignancy that progressed or required active treatment within the last 5 years. Exceptions include basal cell carcinoma of the skin, squamous cell carcinoma of the skin that has undergone potentially curative therapy, and in situ cervical cancer.
    7.Has known active CNS metastases and/or carcinomatous meningitis. Subjects with previously treated brain metastases may participate provided they have stable brain metastases and did not receive chemotherapy for metastatic breast cancer.
    Note: Known brain metastases are considered active, if any of the following criteria are applicable:
    a. Brain imaging during screening demonstrates progression of existing metastases and/or appearance of new lesions compared to brain imaging performed at least 4 weeks earlier.
    Radiographic stability of previously treated brain metastases is based on local radiology/investigator review, but dated reports of 2 imaging studies (the most recent performed during screening) documenting stability of brain metastasis(es) over ≥4 weeks must be submitted to the Sponsor. Such brain imaging studies should be available at the site for submission to CIV, if later needed.
    b.Neurological symptoms attributed to brain metastases have not returned to baseline
    c.Steroids were used for management of symptoms related to brain metastases within 28 days of randomization
    8.Has active, or a history of, pneumonitis requiring treatment with steroids.
    9. Has active, or a history of, interstitial lung disease.
    10. Has a known history of active TB (Bacillus Tuberculosis)
    11. Has an active infection requiring systemic therapy.
    12. Has a history of class II-IV congestive heart failure or myocardial infarction within 6 months of randomization.
    13. Has a history or current evidence of any condition, therapy, or laboratory abnormality that might confound the results of the study, interfere with subject participation for the full duration of the study, or render study participation not compatible with the subject’s best interest, in the opinion of the treating Investigator.
    14. Has a known psychiatric or substance abuse disorders that would interfere with cooperation with the requirements of the study.
    15. Is pregnant or breastfeeding, or expecting to conceive or father children within the projected duration of the study, starting with the screening visit through 120 days (or longer as specified by local institutional guidelines) after the last dose of study treatment.
    16. Has received prior therapy with an anti–PD-1, anti–PD-L1, or anti–PD-L2 agent or with an agent directed to another co-inhibitory T cell receptor (such as CTLA-4, OX-40, CD137) or has previously participated in Merck pembrolizumab (MK-3475) clinical studies.
    17. Has a known history of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (HIV 1/2 antibodies).
    Refer to protocol for compete list.
    1. Está participando o ha participado en un estudio clínico en el que ha recibido un fármaco en investigación y/o utilizado un dispositivo en investigación en las 4 semanas previas a la aleatorización.
    Nota: Los sujetos que se hayan incorporado a la fase de seguimiento de un estudio clínico podrán participar siempre que hayan transcurrido 4 semanas desde la última dosis del fármaco en investigación y/o la retirada del dispositivo.
    2. No se ha recuperado (es decir, mejoría hasta un grado ≤ 1 o la situación basal) de acontecimientos adversos provocados por un tratamiento previamente administrado.
    Nota: La alopecia de cualquier grado es una excepción a este criterio.
    Nota: Antes de la aleatorización, el sujeto deberá haberse recuperado debidamente de cualquier toxicidad y/o de las complicaciones asociadas a cualquier procedimiento reciente.
    3. Presenta neuropatía periférica de grado ≥ 2.
    4. Presenta una enfermedad autoinmunitaria activa que ha necesitado tratamiento sistémico en los dos años anteriores (es decir, fármacos modificadores de la enfermedad, corticosteroides o inmunodepresores). El tratamiento de reposición (por ejemplo, tiroxina, insulina o corticosteroides en dosis fisiológicas para insuficiencia suprarrenal o hipofisaria.) no se considera una forma de tratamiento sistémico.
    5. Tiene un diagnóstico de inmunodeficiencia o está recibiendo tratamiento con esteroides sistémicos u otra forma de tratamiento inmunodepresor en los 7 días previos a la aleatorización.
    6. Presenta otra neoplasia maligna conocida que está en progresión o ha necesitado tratamiento activo en los últimos 5 años. Son excepciones el carcinoma basocelular de piel, el carcinoma espinocelular de piel que haya sido objeto de un tratamiento potencialmente curativo y el cáncer de cuello uterino in situ.
    7. Presenta metástasis activas conocidas en el SNC o meningitis carcinomatosa. Los sujetos con metástasis cerebrales tratadas con anterioridad podrán participar siempre que dichas metástasis se mantengan estables y no hayan recibido quimioterapia contra el cáncer de mama metastásico.
    Nota: Las metástasis cerebrales conocidas se considerarán activas cuando cumplan alguno de los siguientes criterios:
    a. Un estudio de imagen cerebral realizado durante la selección revela progresión de metástasis existentes y/o aparición de lesiones nuevas con respecto a los estudios practicados un mínimo de 4 semanas antes.
    La estabilidad radiológica de metástasis cerebrales tratadas previamente se basa en una revisión radiológica local o por el investigador, pero deberán enviarse al promotor los informes fechados de dos estudios de imagen (el más reciente realizado durante la selección) que confirmen la estabilidad de las metástasis cerebrales durante un mínimo de 4 semanas. Dichos estudios de imagen cerebral deberán encontrarse disponibles en el centro para su envío al laboratorio central de imagen, en caso de que sea necesario posteriormente.
    b. Los síntomas neurológicos atribuidos a metástasis cerebrales no han regresado a la situación basal.
    c. Se han utilizado esteroides para tratar síntomas relacionados con las metástasis cerebrales en los 28 días previos a la aleatorización.
    8. Presenta una neumonitis activa con necesidad de tratamiento con esteroides, o tiene antecedentes de ella.
    9. Presenten una neumopatía intersticial activa, o tiene antecedentes de ella.
    10. Tiene antecedentes de tuberculosis activa (Bacillus tuberculosis).
    11. Presenta una infección activa con necesidad de tratamiento sistémico.
    12. Tiene antecedentes de insuficiencia cardíaca congestiva en clase II-IV o de infarto de miocardio en los 6 meses previos a la aleatorización.
    13. Tiene antecedentes o datos activos de cualquier proceso, tratamiento o anomalía analítica que, en opinión del investigador responsable del tratamiento, podría confundir los resultados del estudio, dificultar la participación del sujeto durante la totalidad del estudio o hacer que la participación no sea lo mejor para el sujeto.
    14. Presenta un trastorno psiquiátrico o por abuso de sustancias que podría dificultar el cumplimiento de los requisitos del estudio.
    15. Está embarazada o en período de lactancia o tiene intención de concebir o engendrar un hijo durante el período previsto del ensayo, desde la visita de selección hasta 120 días (o más tiempo, según se especifique en las normas de cada centro) después de la administración de la última dosis del tratamiento del estudio.
    16. Ha recibido tratamiento previo con un fármaco anti-PD-1, anti-PD-L1, anti-PD-L2 o dirigido contra otro receptor coinhibidor de los linfocitos T (por ejemplo, CTLA-4, OX-40 o CD137) o ha participado previamente en estudios clínicos de Merck con pembrolizumab (MK-3475).
    17. Tiene antecedentes de infección por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) (anticuerpos contra el VIH 1 o 2).
    Consulte el protocolo para la lista completa.
    E.5 End points
    E.5.1Primary end point(s)
    Overall Survival (OS) and Progression Free Survival (PFS) were selected as the co-primary endpoints. OS has been recognized as the gold standard for demonstration of superiority for new anti neoplastic therapies, whereas PFS based on RECIST 1.1 has been an acceptable endpoint and has been used as a primary efficacy endpoint in a number of randomized Phase III studies in metastatic breast cancer
    Se han seleccionado SG y SSP como criterios de valoración principales. SG se considera el criterio de referencia para demostrar la superioridad de un tratamiento antineoplásico, mientras que la SSP conforme a los criterios RECIST 1.1 ha sido un criterio de valoración aceptable y se ha utilizado como criterio de valoración principal de la eficacia en algunos ensayos de fase III aleatorizados en el cáncer de mama metastásico.
    E.5.1.1Timepoint(s) of evaluation of this end point
    Post-baseline imaging assessments should be performed at 8, 16, and 24 weeks post randomization, and then every 9 weeks during the first year. After 1 year, subjects who remain on treatment will have imaging performed every 12 weeks. Imaging should continue to be performed until disease progression is verified by CIV (unless the investigator further follows irRECIST and continues study treatment until PD confirmation at least 4 weeks later), the start of new anti cancer treatment, withdrawal of consent, death, or end of the study, whichever occurs first.
    Se deberán realizar estudios de imagen posbasales 8, 16 y 24 semanas después de la aleatorización y después cada 9 semanas durante el primer año. En los sujetos que sigan en tratamiento después de un año, los estudios de imagen continuarán cada 12 semanas a partir de entonces. Se continuará con los estudios de imagen hasta que el LCI verifique la progresión de la enfermedad (salvo que el investigador siga observando los criterios RECISTri y continúe con el tratamiento del estudio hasta que se confirme la PE como mínimo 4 semanas después), el comienzo de un nuevo tratamiento antineoplásico, la retirada del consentimiento, la muerte o el final del estudio, lo que suceda antes.
    E.5.2Secondary end point(s)
    1.Objective Response Rate (ORR) – based on RECIST 1.1 as assessed by a CIV
    Objective response rate is defined as the proportion of the subjects in the analysis population who have a CR or PR. Responses are based on assessments by a CIV per RECIST 1.1.
    2.Duration of Overall Response (DOR) – based on RECIST 1.1 as assessed by a CIV
    For subjects who demonstrate CR or PR, duration of response is defined as the time from first documented evidence of CR or PR until disease progression or death due to any cause, whichever occurs first, based on assessments by a CIV per RECIST 1.1. See Section 8.6.1 – Statistical Methods for Efficacy Analyses for the definition of censoring.
    3.Disease Control Rate (DCR) – based on RECIST 1.1 as assessed by a CIV
    Disease control rate is defined as the percentage of subjects who have achieved CR or PR or have demonstrated SD for at least 24 weeks, based on assessments by a CIV per RECIST 1.1.
    4.Safety and Tolerability
    1. Tasa de respuestas objetivas (TRO), basada en los criterios RECIST 1.1, evaluada por un LCI
    La tasa de respuestas objetivas se define como el porcentaje de pacientes de la población analizada que tengan una RC o una RP. Las respuestas se basan en las evaluaciones de un LCI conforme a los criterios RECIST 1.1.
    2. Duración de la respuesta global (DDR), basada en los criterios RECIST 1.1, evaluada por un LCI
    En los sujetos que demuestren RC o RP, la duración de la respuesta se define como el tiempo transcurrido desde la primera prueba documentada de RC o RP hasta la progresión de la enfermedad o la muerte por cualquier causa, lo que suceda antes, basándose en las evaluaciones de un LCI conforme a los RECIST 1.1. En la Sección 8.6.1 – Métodos estadísticos para los análisis de la eficacia, se puede consultar la definición de censura.
    3. Tasa de control de la enfermedad (TCE), basada en los criterios RECIST 1.1, evaluada por un LCI
    La tasa de control de la enfermedad se define como el porcentaje de sujetos que han alcanzado una RC o una RP o que han demostrado EE durante 24 semanas como mínimo, basándose en las evaluaciones de un LCI conforme a los criterios RECIST 1.1.
    4. Seguridad y tolerabilidad
    E.5.2.1Timepoint(s) of evaluation of this end point
    Post-baseline imaging assessments should be performed at 8 weeks, 16 weeks, and 24 weeks post randomization, and then every 9 weeks during the first year. After 1 year, subjects who remain on treatment will have imaging performed every 12 weeks. Imaging timing should follow calendar days and should not be adjusted for delays in cycle starts.
    Safety will be evaluated from the time the subject signs Informed Consent through as long as 90 days following the cessation of all study therapy.
    Se deberán realizar estudios de imagen posbasales 8, 16 y 24 semanas después de la aleatorización y después cada 9 semanas durante el primer año. En los sujetos que sigan en tratamiento después de un año, los estudios de imagen continuarán cada 12 semanas a partir de entonces. El calendario para los estudios de imagen seguirá los días naturales y no se ajustará en función de los aplazamientos del inicio de los ciclos.
    La seguridad se evaluará desde el momento de la firma del consentimiento informado hasta 90 días después de la suspensión de todo el tratamiento del estudio.
    E.6 and E.7 Scope of the trial
    E.6Scope of the trial
    E.6.1Diagnosis No
    E.6.2Prophylaxis No
    E.6.3Therapy Yes
    E.6.4Safety Yes
    E.6.5Efficacy Yes
    E.6.6Pharmacokinetic Yes
    E.6.7Pharmacodynamic Yes
    E.6.8Bioequivalence No
    E.6.9Dose response No
    E.6.10Pharmacogenetic Yes
    E.6.11Pharmacogenomic Yes
    E.6.12Pharmacoeconomic No
    E.6.13Others No
    E.7Trial type and phase
    E.7.1Human pharmacology (Phase I) No
    E.7.1.1First administration to humans No
    E.7.1.2Bioequivalence study No
    E.7.1.3Other No
    E.7.1.3.1Other trial type description
    E.7.2Therapeutic exploratory (Phase II) No
    E.7.3Therapeutic confirmatory (Phase III) Yes
    E.7.4Therapeutic use (Phase IV) No
    E.8 Design of the trial
    E.8.1Controlled Yes
    E.8.1.1Randomised Yes
    E.8.1.2Open No
    E.8.1.3Single blind No
    E.8.1.4Double blind Yes
    E.8.1.5Parallel group Yes
    E.8.1.6Cross over No
    E.8.1.7Other No
    E.8.2 Comparator of controlled trial
    E.8.2.1Other medicinal product(s) No
    E.8.2.2Placebo Yes
    E.8.2.3Other No
    E.8.2.4Number of treatment arms in the trial2
    E.8.3 The trial involves single site in the Member State concerned No
    E.8.4 The trial involves multiple sites in the Member State concerned Yes
    E.8.4.1Number of sites anticipated in Member State concerned5
    E.8.5The trial involves multiple Member States Yes
    E.8.5.1Number of sites anticipated in the EEA60
    E.8.6 Trial involving sites outside the EEA
    E.8.6.1Trial being conducted both within and outside the EEA Yes
    E.8.6.2Trial being conducted completely outside of the EEA No
    E.8.6.3If E.8.6.1 or E.8.6.2 are Yes, specify the regions in which trial sites are planned
    Argentina
    Australia
    Austria
    Belgium
    Brazil
    Canada
    Chile
    Colombia
    Czech Republic
    Denmark
    Finland
    France
    Germany
    Hong Kong
    Italy
    Japan
    Korea, Republic of
    Malaysia
    Mexico
    Netherlands
    New Zealand
    Poland
    Russian Federation
    Spain
    Taiwan
    Turkey
    United Kingdom
    United States
    E.8.7Trial has a data monitoring committee Yes
    E.8.8 Definition of the end of the trial and justification where it is not the last visit of the last subject undergoing the trial
    LVLS
    LVLS
    E.8.9 Initial estimate of the duration of the trial
    E.8.9.1In the Member State concerned years3
    E.8.9.1In the Member State concerned months5
    E.8.9.1In the Member State concerned days0
    E.8.9.2In all countries concerned by the trial years3
    E.8.9.2In all countries concerned by the trial months5
    E.8.9.2In all countries concerned by the trial days0
    F. Population of Trial Subjects
    F.1 Age Range
    F.1.1Trial has subjects under 18 No
    F.1.1.1In Utero No
    F.1.1.2Preterm newborn infants (up to gestational age < 37 weeks) No
    F.1.1.3Newborns (0-27 days) No
    F.1.1.4Infants and toddlers (28 days-23 months) No
    F.1.1.5Children (2-11years) No
    F.1.1.6Adolescents (12-17 years) No
    F.1.2Adults (18-64 years) Yes
    F.1.2.1Number of subjects for this age range: 773
    F.1.3Elderly (>=65 years) Yes
    F.1.3.1Number of subjects for this age range: 85
    F.2 Gender
    F.2.1Female Yes
    F.2.2Male Yes
    F.3 Group of trial subjects
    F.3.1Healthy volunteers No
    F.3.2Patients Yes
    F.3.3Specific vulnerable populations Yes
    F.3.3.1Women of childbearing potential not using contraception No
    F.3.3.2Women of child-bearing potential using contraception Yes
    F.3.3.3Pregnant women No
    F.3.3.4Nursing women No
    F.3.3.5Emergency situation No
    F.3.3.6Subjects incapable of giving consent personally No
    F.3.3.7Others No
    F.4 Planned number of subjects to be included
    F.4.1In the member state34
    F.4.2 For a multinational trial
    F.4.2.1In the EEA 283
    F.4.2.2In the whole clinical trial 858
    F.5 Plans for treatment or care after the subject has ended the participation in the trial (if it is different from the expected normal treatment of that condition)
    The protocol does not include any plans for treatment or care following completion of the protocol. After the end of treatment, each subject will be followed for 30 days for adverse event monitoring (serious adverse events will be collected for 90 days after the end of treatment or 30 days after the end of treatment if the subject initiates new anticancer therapy, whichever is earlier).
    El protocolo no incluye planes para el tratamiento o la asistencia una vez completado el protocolo. Una vez finalizado el tratamiento, cada sujeto será objeto de seguimiento durante 30 días para controlar los acontecimientos adversos (se recopilarán los acontecimientos adversos graves durante 90 días después del final del tratamiento o durante 30 días después del final del tratamiento en los sujetos que comiencen un nuevo tratamiento antineoplásico, lo que ocurra antes).
    G. Investigator Networks to be involved in the Trial
    N. Review by the Competent Authority or Ethics Committee in the country concerned
    N.Competent Authority Decision Authorised
    N.Date of Competent Authority Decision2016-09-19
    N.Ethics Committee Opinion of the trial applicationFavourable
    N.Ethics Committee Opinion: Reason(s) for unfavourable opinion
    N.Date of Ethics Committee Opinion2016-08-19
    P. End of Trial
    P.End of Trial StatusOngoing
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