E.1 Medical condition or disease under investigation |
E.1.1 | Medical condition(s) being investigated |
Somatostatin receptor 2 (SSTR2) expressing advanced cancers, including gastroenteropancreatic (GEP) cancer or lung cancer or thymus cancer or other NETs (Neuroendocrine tumour) or small cell lung cancer (SCLC) or large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) of the lung. |
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E.1.1.1 | Medical condition in easily understood language |
Pancreatic cancer, lung cancer, thymus cancer or other neuroendocrine cancers, with a specific receptor for Somatostatin |
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E.1.1.2 | Therapeutic area | Diseases [C] - Cancer [C04] |
MedDRA Classification |
E.1.3 | Condition being studied is a rare disease | Yes |
E.2 Objective of the trial |
E.2.1 | Main objective of the trial |
Phase 1 is to investigate the safety and tolerability, determine the MTD, and RP2D of PEN-221 when administered IV on an every 3 week schedule in patients with SSTR2-expressing advanced cancers, including GEP or lung or thymus or other NETs or SCLC or LCNEC of the lung. Phase 2a is to assess the efficacy of PEN-221 as a single-agent when administered IV in patients with advanced or metastatic, well-differentiated, low or intermediate grade gastrointestinal mid-gut NETs and pancreatic NETs using CBR as defined as the proportion of patients with the best overall response of complete response, partial response, or stable disease tumour response criteria as defined by RECIST 1.1 and ORR as defined as the proportion of patients with the best overall response of complete response or partial response per RECIST 1.1 along with duration of response in patients with advanced or metastatic SCLC. |
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E.2.2 | Secondary objectives of the trial |
P1-Characterize the safety and tolerability of PEN-221 including acute and chronic toxicities and PK, DM1 and peptide from PEN-221 when given to patients with SSTR2 expressing advanced cancers per protocol, assess potential of PEN-221 to induce anti-PEN-221 in serum and assess preliminary anti-tumour activity of PEN-221 in patients with SSTR2 expressing advanced cancers per protocol using tumor response criteria as defined by RECIST 1.1, and duration of response. P2a-Confirm MTD identified during Phase 1, further investigate safety and tolerability of RP2D and schedule of PEN-221 when given to patients with SSTR2-expressing advanced GEP NETs or SCLC. Evaluate PFS, OS safety and tolerability in the above tumour-specific patient cohorts whose tumours express SSTR2. Evaluate ORR and duration of response for gastrointestinal mid-gut NET and pancreatic NET. Characterize PK of PEN-221, DM1 and peptide from PEN-221 in above cohorts whose tumours express SSTR2.
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E.2.3 | Trial contains a sub-study | No |
E.3 | Principal inclusion criteria |
All patients must meet all of the following criteria to be eligible to participate: 1. Provision and understanding of signed and dated, written informed consent prior to any mandatory study-specific procedures, sampling, analysis. 2. Male or female aged ≥ 18 years. 3. ECOG PS of 0 – 1. 4. Adequate organ function within 14 days before C1D1, defined as follows: • Bone marrow: Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) ≥ 1.5x109/L, platelet count ≥ 100x109/L, and hemoglobin ≥ 9 g/dl • Hepatic: total bilirubin ≤ 1.5× the upper limit of normal (ULN) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) ≤ 2.5× ULN • Renal: If serum creatinine concentration ≥ 1.5× ULN, then estimated creatinine clearance must be ≥ 50 mL/min (Cockroft-Gault formula). 5. Serum potassium, calcium, magnesium and phosphorus within normal limits. If values are low on the initial screening assessment, supplements may be given and values repeated to confirm within normal limits. 6. If a female of childbearing potential, negative serum pregnancy test within 3 days before C1D1, or in the event of a positive serum pregnancy test, exclusion of pregnancy as assessed by transvaginal ultrasound overseen by a health care professional with experience in investigating and diagnosing early pregnancy, as human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) can be secreted by neuroendocrine tumor. A female of childbearing potential must agree to the use of highly reliable, physician-approved contraception from 14 days before C1D1 through 3 months after the last study drug dose. Highly reliable contraception means 2 of the following: (1) established use of oral, injected, or implanted hormonal methods of contraception, (2) placement of an intrauterine device, (3) condom or occlusive cap (diaphragm or cervical vault cap with spermicidal gel, foam, film, cream, or vaginal suppository), (4) male sterilization with verified absence of sperm in ejaculate post-vasectomy. Alternatively, true abstinence is acceptable when it is the preferred and usual lifestyle of the individual. Calendar, symptothermal, post-ovulation, coitus interruptus, spermicides only, and lactational amenorrhea are not acceptable methods of contraception. 7. If male, is surgically sterile or agrees to use a condom from C1D1 through 3 months after the last study drug dose. Alternatively, true abstinence is acceptable when it is the preferred and usual lifestyle of the individual. 8. SSTR2 positive tumor as assessed using a SARI agent and as defined as follows: • For SCLC patients, tumor uptake equal to or greater than liver uptake • For all other patients, tumor uptake greater than liver uptake. SARI performed during the Pre-screening phase must be an agent that is approved for use by the regional regulatory authority. Documented results of SARI performed as part of a patient’s routine diagnostic assessments prior to the Pre-screening phase and within 180 days of C1D1 may be used in place of a Pre-screening phase SARI assessment. 9. Patients in Phase 1 must have a histologically- or cytologically-confirmed solid tumor in 1 of the following categories listed in the protocol after 1 or more prior lines of anticancer therapy, unless no standard treatments are available or unless such treatments are deemed not appropriate. Anticancer therapies include liver-directed intra-arterial therapy, cytotoxic chemotherapy, everolimus, targeted inhibitors, metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG), and immunotherapies, but do not include somatostatin analogs. For patients who provide written informed consent to undergo an optional tumor biopsy during the Screening phase, such patients must meet the following additional criterion before undergoing a biopsy procedure: 10. Patient must have at least 1 site of tumor that is accessible to biopsy and that is considered by the Investigator to be low risk and of sufficient size to undergo a biopsy procedure. Patients in Phase 2a must meet the following criteria: 11. Measurable disease per RECIST 1.1 (i.e., at least 1 measurable lesion ≥ 20 mm by conventional techniques or ≥ 10 mm by spiral CT scan or MRI), with the last imaging performed within 28 days before C1D1 and documented radiographic disease progression. 12. Patients in Phase 2a must have a histologically- or cytologically-confirmed, advanced or metastatic solid tumor, in 1 of the categories listed in the protocol.
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E.4 | Principal exclusion criteria |
Patients meeting any of the following criteria are not eligible for study participation: 1. Treatment with anticancer therapy (as defined in inclusion criterion 9) or an investigational drug or device within 3 weeks (6 weeks for mitomycin C and nitrosoureas) or 5 half-lives of the agent (whichever is shorter) before C1D1. In addition, any drug-related toxicity, with the exception of alopecia, must have recovered to ≤ Grade 1. 2. Any other malignancy known to be active or treated within 3 years of the start of screening, with the exception of treated cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia and non-melanoma skin cancer. 3. One or more of the following cardiac criteria: • Unstable angina • Myocardial infarction within 6 months prior to screening • New York Heart Association Class II – IV heart failure • Corrected QT interval (QTc) > 470 msec obtained as the mean from 3 consecutive resting ECGs using the Fredericia formula • Clinically important abnormalities in rhythm, conduction, or morphology of resting ECG (e.g., complete left bundle branch block, third degree heart block) • Congenital long QT syndrome • Symptomatic orthostatic hypotension within 6 months prior to screening • Uncontrolled hypertension. 4. Stroke or transient ischemic attack within 6 month prior to screening. 5. Grade >1 peripheral neuropathy. 6. Patient requires medication with a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor, e.g., ketoconazole, itraconazole, clarithromycin, atazanavir, indinavir, nefazodone, nelfinavir, ritonavir, saquinavir, telithromycin, and voriconazole. 7. History of leptomeningeal disease or spinal cord compression. 8. Brain metastases unless asymptomatic on a stable low dose of steroids. • Patients with SCLC or LCNEC of the lung only: CT or MRI of the brain required during screening. If positive for brain metastases, patients must have undergone radiotherapy prior to initiating treatment with PEN-221. If whole brain radiotherapy is performed, a 14-day washout is required prior to treatment with PEN-221. If stereotactic radiosurgery or stereotactic radiotherapy is performed, a 7-day washout prior to treatment with PEN-221 is required. 9. Major surgery within 28 days prior to C1D1. 10. Female who is pregnant or breast-feeding. 11. As judged by Investigator, evidence of severe or uncontrolled systemic disease, active bleeding diatheses, renal or liver transplant, or active infection including known hepatitis B, hepatitis C, or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). 12. Hypersensitivity or history of anaphylactic reaction to octreotide or other somatostatin analogs. 13. Hypersensitivity or history of anaphylactic reaction to maytansinoids or their derivatives. 14. Any medical, psychological, or social condition that would interfere with the patient’s participation in the study. |
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E.5 End points |
E.5.1 | Primary end point(s) |
Phase 1 is to investigate the safety and tolerability, determine the MTD, and RP2D of PEN-221 when administered IV on an every 3 week schedule in patients with SSTR2-expressing advanced cancers, including GEP or lung or thymus or other NETs or SCLC or LCNEC of the lung. Phase 2a is to assess the efficacy of PEN-221 as a single-agent when administered IV in patients with advanced or metastatic, well-differentiated, low or intermediate grade gastrointestinal mid-gut NETs and pancreatic NETs using CBR as defined as the proportion of patients with the best overall response of complete response, partial response, or stable disease tumour response criteria as defined by RECIST 1.1 and ORR as defined as the proportion of patients with the best overall response of complete response or partial response per RECIST 1.1 along with duration in patients with advanced or metastatic SCLC.
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E.5.1.1 | Timepoint(s) of evaluation of this end point |
Phase 1: The Safety Review Committee (SRC) will review the safety and tolerability of PEN-221 of each cohort to decide the next dose level to be tested. Dose escalation increments will be the decision of the SRC. Dose escalation will continue until the MTD is determined.
Phase 2a: Tumour responses as determined by RECIST 1.1 [Time Frame: Baseline, every 6 weeks (SCLC) or every 9 weeks (NET) up to time of disease progression or death (estimated 36 months)]. Duration of response (DOR) defined as the time between the date of first response (CR or PR) to the date of the first documented tumor progression (per RECIST 1.1) or death due to any cause, whichever comes first ) [Time Frame: estimated 36 months]. |
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E.5.2 | Secondary end point(s) |
Phase 1 are to characterize the safety and tolerability of PEN-221, including both acute and chronic toxicities and to characterize the PK of PEN-221, DM1, and peptide from PEN-221, when administered IV in patients with SSTR2 expressing advanced cancers per protocol, assess potential of PEN-221 to induce anti-PEN-221 in serum and assess preliminary anti-tumour activity of PEN-221 in patients with SSTR2 expressing advanced cancers per protocol using tumor response criteria as defined by RECIST 1.1, and duration of response
P2a-Confirm MTD identified during Phase 1, further investigate safety and tolerability of RP2D and schedule of PEN-221 when given to patients with SSTR2-expressing advanced GEP NETs or SCLC. Evaluate PFS, OS safety and tolerability in the above tumour-specific patient cohorts whose tumours express SSTR2. Evaluate ORR and duration of response for gastrointestinal mid-gut NET and pancreatic NET. Characterize PK of PEN-221, DM1 and peptide from PEN-221 in above cohorts whose tumours express SSTR2.
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E.5.2.1 | Timepoint(s) of evaluation of this end point |
Safety analysis: Characterize safety and tolerability of PEN-221, including acute and chronic toxicities, based on a comprehensive review of all safety data, including all observed AEs. PK Analysis: Actual sampling times will be used for the PK analysis of the plasma concentration data for PEN-221, DM1, and peptide from PEN-221. Ph1 samples will be collected on Cycle1 Day1 and Cycle3 Day1. Ph2 samples will be collected on Cycle1 Day1 and Cycle1 Day8. PK parameters will be derived using standard non-compartmental methods. PFS and OS: Will be determined from date of first treatment/trial entry until the date of first documented progression (PFS only) or date of death from any cause, whichever came first, assessed up to (estimated) 36 months. |
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E.6 and E.7 Scope of the trial |
E.6 | Scope of the trial |
E.6.1 | Diagnosis | No |
E.6.2 | Prophylaxis | No |
E.6.3 | Therapy | No |
E.6.4 | Safety | Yes |
E.6.5 | Efficacy | Yes |
E.6.6 | Pharmacokinetic | Yes |
E.6.7 | Pharmacodynamic | Yes |
E.6.8 | Bioequivalence | No |
E.6.9 | Dose response | No |
E.6.10 | Pharmacogenetic | No |
E.6.11 | Pharmacogenomic | No |
E.6.12 | Pharmacoeconomic | No |
E.6.13 | Others | Yes |
E.6.13.1 | Other scope of the trial description |
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E.7 | Trial type and phase |
E.7.1 | Human pharmacology (Phase I) | Yes |
E.7.1.1 | First administration to humans | Yes |
E.7.1.2 | Bioequivalence study | No |
E.7.1.3 | Other | No |
E.7.1.3.1 | Other trial type description | |
E.7.2 | Therapeutic exploratory (Phase II) | Yes |
E.7.3 | Therapeutic confirmatory (Phase III) | No |
E.7.4 | Therapeutic use (Phase IV) | No |
E.8 Design of the trial |
E.8.1 | Controlled | No |
E.8.1.1 | Randomised | No |
E.8.1.2 | Open | Yes |
E.8.1.3 | Single blind | No |
E.8.1.4 | Double blind | No |
E.8.1.5 | Parallel group | No |
E.8.1.6 | Cross over | No |
E.8.1.7 | Other | No |
E.8.2 | Comparator of controlled trial |
E.8.2.1 | Other medicinal product(s) | No |
E.8.2.2 | Placebo | No |
E.8.2.3 | Other | No |
E.8.3 |
The trial involves single site in the Member State concerned
| No |
E.8.4 | The trial involves multiple sites in the Member State concerned | Yes |
E.8.4.1 | Number of sites anticipated in Member State concerned | 5 |
E.8.5 | The trial involves multiple Member States | Yes |
E.8.5.1 | Number of sites anticipated in the EEA | 5 |
E.8.6 Trial involving sites outside the EEA |
E.8.6.1 | Trial being conducted both within and outside the EEA | Yes |
E.8.6.2 | Trial being conducted completely outside of the EEA | No |
E.8.6.3 | If E.8.6.1 or E.8.6.2 are Yes, specify the regions in which trial sites are planned |
United Kingdom |
United States |
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E.8.7 | Trial has a data monitoring committee | No |
E.8.8 |
Definition of the end of the trial and justification where it is not the last
visit of the last subject undergoing the trial
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E.8.9 Initial estimate of the duration of the trial |
E.8.9.1 | In the Member State concerned years | 2 |
E.8.9.1 | In the Member State concerned months | 0 |
E.8.9.1 | In the Member State concerned days | 18 |
E.8.9.2 | In all countries concerned by the trial years | 2 |
E.8.9.2 | In all countries concerned by the trial months | 3 |
E.8.9.2 | In all countries concerned by the trial days | 18 |