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    Clinical Trial Results:
    An Open-Label, Multi-Center, Study With a Concurrent Untreated Control Arm to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Eteplirsen in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

    Summary
    EudraCT number
    2016-005002-19
    Trial protocol
    Outside EU/EEA  
    Global end of trial date
    14 Jun 2019

    Results information
    Results version number
    v2(current)
    This version publication date
    16 Jan 2021
    First version publication date
    28 Jun 2020
    Other versions
    v1
    Version creation reason
    • New data added to full data set
    Need to additional data for secondary endpoint

    Trial information

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    Trial identification
    Sponsor protocol code
    4658-301
    Additional study identifiers
    ISRCTN number
    -
    US NCT number
    NCT02255552
    WHO universal trial number (UTN)
    -
    Sponsors
    Sponsor organisation name
    Sarepta Therapeutics, Inc.
    Sponsor organisation address
    215 First Street, Cambridge,MA, United States, 02142
    Public contact
    Medical Director, Sarepta Therapeutics, Inc., +1 800-690-2003, clinicaltrials@sarepta.com
    Scientific contact
    Medical Director, Sarepta Therapeutics, Inc., +1 800-690-2003, clinicaltrials@sarepta.com
    Paediatric regulatory details
    Is trial part of an agreed paediatric investigation plan (PIP)
    Yes
    EMA paediatric investigation plan number(s)
    EMEA-001722-PIP01-14
    Does article 45 of REGULATION (EC) No 1901/2006 apply to this trial?
    No
    Does article 46 of REGULATION (EC) No 1901/2006 apply to this trial?
    No
    Results analysis stage
    Analysis stage
    Final
    Date of interim/final analysis
    04 Mar 2020
    Is this the analysis of the primary completion data?
    No
    Global end of trial reached?
    Yes
    Global end of trial date
    14 Jun 2019
    Was the trial ended prematurely?
    No
    General information about the trial
    Main objective of the trial
    The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of eteplirsen (AVI-4658) on ambulation, endurance, and muscle function as measured by change from Baseline to 96 weeks in the 6 minute walk test (6MWT) as compared to an untreated control arm of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) subjects amenable to skipping exon 51.
    Protection of trial subjects
    Written informed consent from each subject or subjects parent(s) or legal guardian(s), if applicable, and written assent from each subject, if applicable, were obtained before any study-specific screening or baseline period evaluations were performed. The anonymity of participating subject will be maintained to the extent required by applicable laws and in accordance with current HIPAA standards. This study was designed and monitored in accordance with Sponsor procedures, which complied with the ethical principles of Good Clinical Practice (GCP) as required by the major regulatory authorities, and in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.
    Background therapy
    -
    Evidence for comparator
    -
    Actual start date of recruitment
    01 Oct 2014
    Long term follow-up planned
    No
    Independent data monitoring committee (IDMC) involvement?
    No
    Population of trial subjects
    Number of subjects enrolled per country
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    United States: 109
    Worldwide total number of subjects
    109
    EEA total number of subjects
    0
    Number of subjects enrolled per age group
    In utero
    0
    Preterm newborn - gestational age < 37 wk
    0
    Newborns (0-27 days)
    0
    Infants and toddlers (28 days-23 months)
    0
    Children (2-11 years)
    96
    Adolescents (12-17 years)
    13
    Adults (18-64 years)
    0
    From 65 to 84 years
    0
    85 years and over
    0

    Subject disposition

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    Recruitment
    Recruitment details
    The study was conducted at 40 sites in the United States.

    Pre-assignment
    Screening details
    A total of 109 subjects were enrolled in the study. Only 79 subjects were treated and the remaining subjects were not applicable for treatment as those subjects assessed under “Untreated” arm.

    Period 1
    Period 1 title
    Overall Study (overall period)
    Is this the baseline period?
    Yes
    Allocation method
    Non-randomised - controlled
    Blinding used
    Not blinded

    Arms
    Are arms mutually exclusive
    Yes

    Arm title
    Eteplirsen 30 mg/kg
    Arm description
    Subjects with genotypically confirmed Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) with genetic deletions amenable to treatment by exon 51 skipping received Eteplirsen as an Intravenous (IV) infusion, at a dose of 30 milligram per kilogram (mg/kg) once weekly for 96 weeks.
    Arm type
    Experimental

    Investigational medicinal product name
    Eteplirsen
    Investigational medicinal product code
    Other name
    EXONDYS 51®
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Infusion
    Routes of administration
    Intravenous use
    Dosage and administration details
    Subjects received eteplirsen 30 mg/kg IV infusion once weekly.

    Arm title
    Untreated Control Group (non-exon 51 amenable subjects)
    Arm description
    DMD subjects with mutations amenable to skipping of any exon(s) except exon 51 did not receive any treatment, but completed study assessments up to 96 weeks.
    Arm type
    No intervention

    Investigational medicinal product name
    No investigational medicinal product assigned in this arm
    Number of subjects in period 1
    Eteplirsen 30 mg/kg Untreated Control Group (non-exon 51 amenable subjects)
    Started
    79
    30
    Completed
    78
    15
    Not completed
    1
    15
         Consent withdrawn by subject
    1
    4
         Subjects enrolled into another study
    -
    11

    Baseline characteristics

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    Baseline characteristics reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Eteplirsen 30 mg/kg
    Reporting group description
    Subjects with genotypically confirmed Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) with genetic deletions amenable to treatment by exon 51 skipping received Eteplirsen as an Intravenous (IV) infusion, at a dose of 30 milligram per kilogram (mg/kg) once weekly for 96 weeks.

    Reporting group title
    Untreated Control Group (non-exon 51 amenable subjects)
    Reporting group description
    DMD subjects with mutations amenable to skipping of any exon(s) except exon 51 did not receive any treatment, but completed study assessments up to 96 weeks.

    Reporting group values
    Eteplirsen 30 mg/kg Untreated Control Group (non-exon 51 amenable subjects) Total
    Number of subjects
    79 30 109
    Age categorical
    Units: Subjects
        In utero
    0
        Preterm newborn infants (gestational age < 37 wks)
    0
        Newborns (0-27 days)
    0
        Infants and toddlers (28 days-23 months)
    0
        Children (2-11 years)
    0
        Adolescents (12-17 years)
    0
        Adults (18-64 years)
    0
        From 65-84 years
    0
        85 years and over
    0
    Age continuous
    Units: years
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    9.1 ± 2.04 8.8 ± 1.76 -
    Gender categorical
    Units: Subjects
        Female
    0 0 0
        Male
    79 30 109
    Race
    Units: Subjects
        American Indian or Alaska Native
    0 0 0
        Asian
    5 1 6
        Black
    2 0 2
        Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
    2 0 2
        White
    67 26 93
        Other
    3 3 6
    Ethnicity
    Units: Subjects
        Hispanic or Latino
    7 6 13
        Not Hispanic or Latino
    71 24 95
        Not Reported
    0 0 0
        Unknown
    1 0 1

    End points

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    End points reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Eteplirsen 30 mg/kg
    Reporting group description
    Subjects with genotypically confirmed Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) with genetic deletions amenable to treatment by exon 51 skipping received Eteplirsen as an Intravenous (IV) infusion, at a dose of 30 milligram per kilogram (mg/kg) once weekly for 96 weeks.

    Reporting group title
    Untreated Control Group (non-exon 51 amenable subjects)
    Reporting group description
    DMD subjects with mutations amenable to skipping of any exon(s) except exon 51 did not receive any treatment, but completed study assessments up to 96 weeks.

    Primary: Change From Baseline in the 6 Minute Walk Test (6MWT) Distance at Week 96

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    End point title
    Change From Baseline in the 6 Minute Walk Test (6MWT) Distance at Week 96 [1]
    End point description
    6MWT was performed by standardized procedures for all subjects. Subjects were asked to walk a set course of 25 meters for 6 minutes (timed), and the distance walked (in meters) was recorded. Change from baseline in 6MWT distance at Week 96 was reported. Primary efficacy set consisted of all subjects in the efficacy set (all subjects in eteplirsen-treated and untreated control groups who had at least 1 post-baseline functional assessment) who had a Baseline 6MWT distance of 300 to 450 meters, inclusive. Here, “number of subjects analysed” signifies number of subjects who were evaluable for this endpoint.
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    Baseline, Week 96
    Notes
    [1] - No statistical analyses have been specified for this primary end point. It is expected there is at least one statistical analysis for each primary end point.
    Justification: Comparisons between the eteplirsen-treated group and the untreated control group were not to be performed due to the small number of subjects in the untreated control group (small population size and large dropout rate) and the differences in the populations between the treated and untreated groups. Instead only descriptive summaries were to be presented.
    End point values
    Eteplirsen 30 mg/kg Untreated Control Group (non-exon 51 amenable subjects)
    Number of subjects analysed
    65
    9
    Units: meters
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    -117.91 ± 128.488
    -133.56 ± 129.333
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Change From Baseline in Dystrophin Protein Levels Determined by Western Blot at Week 96

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    End point title
    Change From Baseline in Dystrophin Protein Levels Determined by Western Blot at Week 96 [2]
    End point description
    Change from baseline in dystrophin protein levels (in muscle biopsy samples) were determined by Western blot. For each time point, 2 blocks of tissues were analyzed by Western blot, each with 2 replicates of gels to determine the dystrophin level as compared to a healthy individual (Percent Normal). The block average value from 2 replicate gels was computed. The overall average was calculated as the mean of the block average values. The overall average values were used for all analyses. In case only 1 gel was available for a block, then that value was used as the block average value. Analysis Set consisted of a subset of subjects who received at least 1 dose of eteplirsen and had both baseline and 1 post-dose muscle biopsy samples evaluable for dystrophin expression at Week 96. Here, “number of subjects analysed” signifies number of subjects who were evaluable for this endpoint. Data for this endpoint was not planned to be collected and analysed for the Untreated Control group.
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Baseline, Week 96
    Notes
    [2] - The end point is not reporting statistics for all the arms in the baseline period. It is expected all the baseline period arms will be reported on when providing values for an end point on the baseline period.
    Justification: Data for this endpoint was not planned to be collected and analysed for Untreated Control group.
    End point values
    Eteplirsen 30 mg/kg
    Number of subjects analysed
    16
    Units: Percent Normal Dystrophin Protein Level
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    0.516 ± 0.7236
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Number of Subjects Having Ability to Rise Independently From the Floor Determined Based on North Star Ambulatory Assessment (NSAA) at Week 96

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    End point title
    Number of Subjects Having Ability to Rise Independently From the Floor Determined Based on North Star Ambulatory Assessment (NSAA) at Week 96
    End point description
    NSAA is a clinician-administered scale that rates subject performance on 17-items and included assessments of abilities such as 10-meter walk/run, rising from a sit to stand, standing on 1 leg, climbing a box step, descending a box step, rising from lying to sitting, rising from the floor, lifting the head, standing on heels, and jumping. For all activities, subjects were graded as follows: 0 = unable to achieve goal independently; 1 = modified method but achieves goal independent of physical assistance from another and 2 = normal, no obvious modification of activity. Number of Subjects having ability to rise independently from the floor indicated by a NSAA Rise from floor sub score greater than 0 (unable to achieve goal independently) was reported. Primary Efficacy Set was analysed. Here, "Number of subjects analysed" signifies subjects evaluable for this endpoint.
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Week 96
    End point values
    Eteplirsen 30 mg/kg Untreated Control Group (non-exon 51 amenable subjects)
    Number of subjects analysed
    61
    9
    Units: Subjects
    33
    3
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Number of Subjects who Lost Ambulation (LOA) by Week 96

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    End point title
    Number of Subjects who Lost Ambulation (LOA) by Week 96
    End point description
    Number of subjects who lost ambulation (LOA) by Week 96 was reported. Subject were considered non-ambulatory if each of the 3 conditions below were met: NSAA walk subscore was “0” (unable to achieve goal independently) on 2 consecutive days within a visit or NSAA was not done due to reason related to non-ambulation; 6MWT was not done with any reason related to permanent non-ambulation; and no later data showing this subject was still ambulatory. This was not required if non ambulatory status occurred at the time of early withdrawal or at the end of Week 96 assessment. NSAA is a 17-item scale to assess the subjects abilities; total score range from 0 (if all the activities are failed) to 34 (if all the activities are achieved) with higher scores indicating better performance on the assessment/ fully-independent function. Primary efficacy set was analysed.
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Up to Week 96
    End point values
    Eteplirsen 30 mg/kg Untreated Control Group (non-exon 51 amenable subjects)
    Number of subjects analysed
    67
    20
    Units: Subjects
    12
    1
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Change From Baseline in Forced Vital Capacity Percent (FVC%) Predicted at Weeks 96

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    End point title
    Change From Baseline in Forced Vital Capacity Percent (FVC%) Predicted at Weeks 96
    End point description
    FVC is the total amount of air exhaled during the forced expiratory volume test that is measured during spirometry; and is the most important measurement of lung function. This test requires subject to breath into a tube connected to a machine that measures the amount of air that can be moved in and out of the lungs after taking an inhaled bronchodilator medicine which is used to dilate subject’s bronchial (breathing) tubes. Percent of predicted FVC = (observed value) / (predicted value) * 100%. Primary efficacy set consisted of all subjects in the efficacy set (all subjects in eteplirsen-treated and untreated control groups who had at least 1 post-baseline functional assessment) who had a Baseline 6MWT distance of 300 to 450 meters, inclusive. Here, “number of subjects analysed” signifies number of subjects who were evaluable for this endpoint.
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Baseline, Week 96
    End point values
    Eteplirsen 30 mg/kg Untreated Control Group (non-exon 51 amenable subjects)
    Number of subjects analysed
    66
    9
    Units: Percentage of predicted FVC
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    -3.413 ± 12.4011
    -2.461 ± 9.6000
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Change From Baseline in North Star Ambulatory Assessment (NSAA) Total Scores at Week 96

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    End point title
    Change From Baseline in North Star Ambulatory Assessment (NSAA) Total Scores at Week 96
    End point description
    NSAA is a clinician-administered scale that rates subject performance on 17-items and included assessments of abilities such as 10-meter walk/run, rising from a sit to stand, standing on 1 leg, climbing a box step, descending a box step, rising from lying to sitting, rising from the floor, lifting the head, standing on heels, and jumping. Subjects were graded as follows: 0 = unable to achieve goal independently; 1 = modified method but achieves goal independent of physical assistance from another and 2 = normal, no obvious modification of activity. NSAA total score was derived by summing the scores for all the individual items and range from 0 (if all the activities are failed) to 34 (if all the activities are achieved) with higher scores indicating better performance on the assessment/ fully-independent function. Primary Efficacy Set was analysed. Here, “number of subjects analysed” signifies number of subjects who were evaluable for this endpoint.
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Baseline, Week 96
    End point values
    Eteplirsen 30 mg/kg Untreated Control Group (non-exon 51 amenable subjects)
    Number of subjects analysed
    61
    9
    Units: unit on scale
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    -7.23 ± 5.173
    -8.44 ± 9.812
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Change From Baseline in Dystrophin Intensity Levels Determined by Immunohistochemistry (IHC) at Week 96

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    End point title
    Change From Baseline in Dystrophin Intensity Levels Determined by Immunohistochemistry (IHC) at Week 96 [3]
    End point description
    Change from baseline in dystrophin intensity levels (in muscle biopsy samples) was determined by Immunohistochemistry. Analysis Set consisted of a subset of participants who received at least 1 dose of eteplirsen and had both baseline and 1 post-dose muscle biopsy samples evaluable for dystrophin expression at Week 96. Here, “Number of Subjects Analyzed” signifies number of subjects who were evaluable for this endpoint. Data for this endpoint was not planned to be collected and analyzed for the Untreated Control group.
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    Baseline, Week 96
    Notes
    [3] - The end point is not reporting statistics for all the arms in the baseline period. It is expected all the baseline period arms will be reported on when providing values for an end point on the baseline period.
    Justification: Data for this endpoint was not planned to be collected and analysed for Untreated Control group.
    End point values
    Eteplirsen 30 mg/kg
    Number of subjects analysed
    16
    Units: Percent dystrophin positive fibers
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    0.030 ± 0.0360
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Adverse events

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    Adverse events information
    Timeframe for reporting adverse events
    From start of study drug administration to Week 144.
    Assessment type
    Non-systematic
    Dictionary used for adverse event reporting
    Dictionary name
    MedDRA
    Dictionary version
    17.1
    Reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Eteplirsen 30 mg/kg
    Reporting group description
    Subjects with genotypically confirmed Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) with genetic deletions amenable to treatment by exon 51 skipping received Eteplirsen as an Intravenous (IV) infusion, at a dose of 30 milligram per kilogram (mg/kg) once weekly for 96 weeks.

    Reporting group title
    Untreated Control Group (non-exon 51 amenable subjects)
    Reporting group description
    DMD subjects with mutations amenable to skipping of any exon(s) except exon 51 did not receive any treatment, but completed study assessments up to 96 weeks.

    Serious adverse events
    Eteplirsen 30 mg/kg Untreated Control Group (non-exon 51 amenable subjects)
    Total subjects affected by serious adverse events
         subjects affected / exposed
    11 / 79 (13.92%)
    2 / 30 (6.67%)
         number of deaths (all causes)
    0
    0
         number of deaths resulting from adverse events
    Injury, poisoning and procedural complications
    Femoral neck fracture
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 79 (2.53%)
    0 / 30 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Femur fracture
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 79 (1.27%)
    0 / 30 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Hip fracture
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 79 (1.27%)
    0 / 30 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Pneumonitis chemical
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 79 (1.27%)
    0 / 30 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Cardiac disorders
    Arrhythmia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 79 (1.27%)
    0 / 30 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Myocarditis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 79 (1.27%)
    0 / 30 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Nervous system disorders
    Generalised tonic-clonic seizure
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 79 (1.27%)
    0 / 30 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Loss of consciousness
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 79 (1.27%)
    0 / 30 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    General disorders and administration site conditions
    Gait disturbance
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 79 (1.27%)
    0 / 30 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Abasia
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 79 (0.00%)
    1 / 30 (3.33%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
    Acute respiratory failure
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 79 (1.27%)
    0 / 30 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Aspiration
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 79 (1.27%)
    0 / 30 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders
    Dermatitis contact
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 79 (1.27%)
    0 / 30 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Urticaria
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 79 (1.27%)
    0 / 30 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Psychiatric disorders
    Aggression
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 79 (1.27%)
    0 / 30 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Major depression
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 79 (1.27%)
    0 / 30 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Infections and infestations
    Catheter site infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 79 (1.27%)
    0 / 30 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Lymphadenitis viral
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 79 (0.00%)
    1 / 30 (3.33%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Frequency threshold for reporting non-serious adverse events: 5%
    Non-serious adverse events
    Eteplirsen 30 mg/kg Untreated Control Group (non-exon 51 amenable subjects)
    Total subjects affected by non serious adverse events
         subjects affected / exposed
    78 / 79 (98.73%)
    24 / 30 (80.00%)
    Neoplasms benign, malignant and unspecified (incl cysts and polyps)
    Skin papilloma
         subjects affected / exposed
    5 / 79 (6.33%)
    1 / 30 (3.33%)
         occurrences all number
    5
    1
    Vascular disorders
    Flushing
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 79 (5.06%)
    0 / 30 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    7
    0
    General disorders and administration site conditions
    Pyrexia
         subjects affected / exposed
    20 / 79 (25.32%)
    1 / 30 (3.33%)
         occurrences all number
    28
    1
    Non-cardiac chest pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    9 / 79 (11.39%)
    0 / 30 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    14
    0
    Fatigue
         subjects affected / exposed
    8 / 79 (10.13%)
    0 / 30 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    9
    0
    Catheter site pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    7 / 79 (8.86%)
    0 / 30 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    10
    0
    Peripheral swelling
         subjects affected / exposed
    5 / 79 (6.33%)
    0 / 30 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    7
    0
    Infusion site bruising
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 79 (5.06%)
    0 / 30 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    11
    0
    Infusion site pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 79 (5.06%)
    0 / 30 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    4
    0
    Immune system disorders
    Seasonal allergy
         subjects affected / exposed
    14 / 79 (17.72%)
    0 / 30 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    23
    0
    Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
    Cough
         subjects affected / exposed
    36 / 79 (45.57%)
    1 / 30 (3.33%)
         occurrences all number
    77
    1
    Nasal congestion
         subjects affected / exposed
    25 / 79 (31.65%)
    1 / 30 (3.33%)
         occurrences all number
    46
    1
    Rhinorrhoea
         subjects affected / exposed
    22 / 79 (27.85%)
    0 / 30 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    36
    0
    Oropharyngeal pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    20 / 79 (25.32%)
    0 / 30 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    33
    0
    Epistaxis
         subjects affected / exposed
    11 / 79 (13.92%)
    1 / 30 (3.33%)
         occurrences all number
    16
    2
    Respiratory tract congestion
         subjects affected / exposed
    7 / 79 (8.86%)
    0 / 30 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    8
    0
    Dyspnoea
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 79 (5.06%)
    0 / 30 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    4
    0
    Upper respiratory tract congestion
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 79 (5.06%)
    1 / 30 (3.33%)
         occurrences all number
    8
    1
    Psychiatric disorders
    Anxiety
         subjects affected / exposed
    6 / 79 (7.59%)
    1 / 30 (3.33%)
         occurrences all number
    7
    1
    Insomnia
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 79 (5.06%)
    0 / 30 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    4
    0
    Injury, poisoning and procedural complications
    Procedural pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    25 / 79 (31.65%)
    0 / 30 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    34
    0
    Contusion
         subjects affected / exposed
    24 / 79 (30.38%)
    1 / 30 (3.33%)
         occurrences all number
    56
    2
    Fall
         subjects affected / exposed
    22 / 79 (27.85%)
    6 / 30 (20.00%)
         occurrences all number
    72
    10
    Skin abrasion
         subjects affected / exposed
    21 / 79 (26.58%)
    0 / 30 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    60
    0
    Ligament sprain
         subjects affected / exposed
    12 / 79 (15.19%)
    3 / 30 (10.00%)
         occurrences all number
    18
    5
    Arthropod bite
         subjects affected / exposed
    10 / 79 (12.66%)
    1 / 30 (3.33%)
         occurrences all number
    14
    1
    Muscle strain
         subjects affected / exposed
    7 / 79 (8.86%)
    0 / 30 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    14
    0
    Laceration
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 79 (5.06%)
    1 / 30 (3.33%)
         occurrences all number
    4
    1
    Limb injury
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 79 (5.06%)
    0 / 30 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    4
    0
    Spinal compression fracture
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 79 (5.06%)
    0 / 30 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    4
    0
    Torus fracture
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 79 (0.00%)
    2 / 30 (6.67%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    2
    Nervous system disorders
    Headache
         subjects affected / exposed
    40 / 79 (50.63%)
    1 / 30 (3.33%)
         occurrences all number
    155
    1
    Dizziness
         subjects affected / exposed
    9 / 79 (11.39%)
    0 / 30 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    12
    0
    Migraine
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 79 (5.06%)
    0 / 30 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    4
    0
    Ear and labyrinth disorders
    Ear pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 79 (5.06%)
    0 / 30 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    4
    0
    Gastrointestinal disorders
    Vomiting
         subjects affected / exposed
    39 / 79 (49.37%)
    0 / 30 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    82
    0
    Diarrhoea
         subjects affected / exposed
    20 / 79 (25.32%)
    1 / 30 (3.33%)
         occurrences all number
    47
    1
    Nausea
         subjects affected / exposed
    17 / 79 (21.52%)
    0 / 30 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    31
    0
    Abdominal pain upper
         subjects affected / exposed
    14 / 79 (17.72%)
    3 / 30 (10.00%)
         occurrences all number
    23
    4
    Abdominal pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    8 / 79 (10.13%)
    0 / 30 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    8
    0
    Constipation
         subjects affected / exposed
    8 / 79 (10.13%)
    0 / 30 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    10
    0
    Gastrooesophageal reflux disease
         subjects affected / exposed
    5 / 79 (6.33%)
    1 / 30 (3.33%)
         occurrences all number
    5
    1
    Abdominal discomfort
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 79 (5.06%)
    1 / 30 (3.33%)
         occurrences all number
    4
    1
    Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders
    Rash
         subjects affected / exposed
    17 / 79 (21.52%)
    2 / 30 (6.67%)
         occurrences all number
    23
    2
    Erythema
         subjects affected / exposed
    6 / 79 (7.59%)
    0 / 30 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    7
    0
    Renal and urinary disorders
    Proteinuria
         subjects affected / exposed
    8 / 79 (10.13%)
    0 / 30 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    10
    0
    Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders
    Back pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    29 / 79 (36.71%)
    1 / 30 (3.33%)
         occurrences all number
    53
    1
    Pain in extremity
         subjects affected / exposed
    26 / 79 (32.91%)
    2 / 30 (6.67%)
         occurrences all number
    51
    3
    Arthralgia
         subjects affected / exposed
    16 / 79 (20.25%)
    2 / 30 (6.67%)
         occurrences all number
    28
    2
    Myalgia
         subjects affected / exposed
    9 / 79 (11.39%)
    0 / 30 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    11
    0
    Muscle spasms
         subjects affected / exposed
    6 / 79 (7.59%)
    1 / 30 (3.33%)
         occurrences all number
    10
    1
    Musculoskeletal pain
         subjects affected / exposed
    6 / 79 (7.59%)
    0 / 30 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    7
    0
    Muscular weakness
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 79 (5.06%)
    2 / 30 (6.67%)
         occurrences all number
    15
    2
    Infections and infestations
    Nasopharyngitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    29 / 79 (36.71%)
    3 / 30 (10.00%)
         occurrences all number
    52
    3
    Upper respiratory tract infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    25 / 79 (31.65%)
    1 / 30 (3.33%)
         occurrences all number
    39
    1
    Ear infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    11 / 79 (13.92%)
    0 / 30 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    16
    0
    Influenza
         subjects affected / exposed
    8 / 79 (10.13%)
    1 / 30 (3.33%)
         occurrences all number
    10
    1
    Gastroenteritis
         subjects affected / exposed
    7 / 79 (8.86%)
    1 / 30 (3.33%)
         occurrences all number
    9
    1
    Gastroenteritis viral
         subjects affected / exposed
    7 / 79 (8.86%)
    0 / 30 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    9
    0
    Pharyngitis streptococcal
         subjects affected / exposed
    6 / 79 (7.59%)
    1 / 30 (3.33%)
         occurrences all number
    8
    1
    Sinusitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    6 / 79 (7.59%)
    1 / 30 (3.33%)
         occurrences all number
    9
    1

    More information

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    Substantial protocol amendments (globally)

    Were there any global substantial amendments to the protocol? Yes
    Date
    Amendment
    06 May 2014
    The definition for stable pulmonary function (FVC%p > 50% and not require nocturnal ventilation) was corrected in the inclusion criteria. The biomarkers to be assessed were specified: micro-ribonucleic acid and matrix metalloprotein-9. The exclusion criteria were clarified to note that concurrent enrollment in any clinical study (including observational studies) was not permitted. Urine cystatin C was removed from the schedule of events.
    22 Jul 2015
    The length of the study was expanded to collect additional longitudinal safety data as well as assess clinical and functional status over time. This amendment extended the treatment period from Week 48 to Week 96 and defined the end-of-study as Week 100.
    15 Jul 2016
    The study duration was lengthened from 48 weeks to 96 weeks; this period was no longer considered an extension period. A Safety Extension Period was added for eteplirsen-treated subjects only (not to exceed 48 weeks) until the product was commercially available or until they could transition into a separate eteplirsen study. The secondary objectives and additional efficacy objectives were adjusted to prioritize those likely to show change after 96 weeks. The primary efficacy endpoint was changed to Week 96 and the language for the primary, secondary, and additional efficacy endpoints was adjusted based on the revised study objectives. More flexibility was allowed in the use of untreated control subjects, if < 80% of the planned control subjects were enrolled. The control group may have been augmented with external control subjects, including those that may have been amenable to exon 51 skipping. More flexibility was allowed regarding previous treatment with drisapersen. Subjects may have been eligible if they discontinued drisapersen at least 3 months prior to screening, provided they were free of symptoms related to drisapersen treatment. Additional PK (serial) sampling times were added to Weeks 48 and 96, and predose and postdose (sparse) sampling times were adjusted for other visits at which PK sampling was performed. The timing of postbaseline biopsy samples was clarified. Biopsies must have occurred within 2 weeks after the specified visit, after the clinical evaluation, and at least 48 hours after the most recent infusion. Schedule of events was revised to eliminate the Week 100 visit for both eteplirsen treated and untreated subjects and clarify that infusions were to continue weekly (by adding Week 49 to the table) for eteplirsen-treated subjects. An additional schedule of events and text for the Safety Extension were included for eteplirsen-treated subjects. The statistical analysis sections for the revised endpoint analyses were revised.
    02 Jun 2017
    Target enrollment numbers were adjusted from 160 (80 for the eteplirsen-treated group and 80 for the untreated group) to 110 and the rationale for the sample size modified (including adjusting the power). Timing of when in-home study drug infusion could have started was changed from Week 52 to Week 25.

    Interruptions (globally)

    Were there any global interruptions to the trial? No

    Limitations and caveats

    Limitations of the trial such as small numbers of subjects analysed or technical problems leading to unreliable data.
    None reported

    Online references

    http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31237898
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