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    Clinical Trial Results:
    EMPA-VISION: A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, mechanistic cardiac magnetic resonance study to investigate the effects of empagliflozin treatment on cardiac physiology and metabolism in patients with heart failure

    Summary
    EudraCT number
    2017-000376-28
    Trial protocol
    GB  
    Global end of trial date
    28 May 2020

    Results information
    Results version number
    v1(current)
    This version publication date
    12 Jun 2021
    First version publication date
    12 Jun 2021
    Other versions

    Trial information

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    Trial identification
    Sponsor protocol code
    1245-0148
    Additional study identifiers
    ISRCTN number
    -
    US NCT number
    NCT03332212
    WHO universal trial number (UTN)
    -
    Sponsors
    Sponsor organisation name
    Boehringer Ingelheim
    Sponsor organisation address
    Binger Strasse 173, Ingelheim am Rhein, Germany,
    Public contact
    Boehringer Ingelheim , Call Center, Boehringer Ingelheim, 001 18002430127, clintriage.rdg@boehringer-ingelheim.com
    Scientific contact
    Boehringer Ingelheim , Call Center, Boehringer Ingelheim, 001 18002430127, clintriage.rdg@boehringer-ingelheim.com
    Paediatric regulatory details
    Is trial part of an agreed paediatric investigation plan (PIP)
    No
    Does article 45 of REGULATION (EC) No 1901/2006 apply to this trial?
    No
    Does article 46 of REGULATION (EC) No 1901/2006 apply to this trial?
    No
    Results analysis stage
    Analysis stage
    Final
    Date of interim/final analysis
    14 Jul 2020
    Is this the analysis of the primary completion data?
    Yes
    Primary completion date
    21 May 2020
    Global end of trial reached?
    Yes
    Global end of trial date
    28 May 2020
    Was the trial ended prematurely?
    No
    General information about the trial
    Main objective of the trial
    The objective of this trial was to assess the effect of empagliflozin on cardiac physiology and metabolism aiming to provide a scientific explanation of the underlying mechanism by which empagliflozin improves heart failure (HF) related outcomes in patients with chronic HF.
    Protection of trial subjects
    Only subjects that met all the study inclusion and none of the exclusion criteria were to be entered in the study. All subjects were free to withdraw from the clinical trial at any time for any reason given. Close monitoring of all subjects was adhered to throughout the trial conduct. Rescue medication was allowed for all patients as required.
    Background therapy
    -
    Evidence for comparator
    -
    Actual start date of recruitment
    27 Mar 2018
    Long term follow-up planned
    No
    Independent data monitoring committee (IDMC) involvement?
    No
    Population of trial subjects
    Number of subjects enrolled per country
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    United Kingdom: 101
    Worldwide total number of subjects
    101
    EEA total number of subjects
    0
    Number of subjects enrolled per age group
    In utero
    0
    Preterm newborn - gestational age < 37 wk
    0
    Newborns (0-27 days)
    0
    Infants and toddlers (28 days-23 months)
    0
    Children (2-11 years)
    0
    Adolescents (12-17 years)
    0
    Adults (18-64 years)
    34
    From 65 to 84 years
    64
    85 years and over
    3

    Subject disposition

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    Recruitment
    Recruitment details
    A randomised, double-blind, placebo controlled, mechanistic cardiac magnetic resonance study to investigate the effects of empagliflozin treatment on cardiac physiology and metabolism in patients with heart failure

    Pre-assignment
    Screening details
    All subjects were screened for eligibility to participate in trial. Subjects attended specialist site to ensure that they (the subjects) met all implemented inclusion/exclusion criteria.

    Period 1
    Period 1 title
    Overall Study (overall period)
    Is this the baseline period?
    Yes
    Allocation method
    Randomised - controlled
    Blinding used
    Double blind
    Roles blinded
    Subject, Investigator, Monitor, Data analyst, Carer, Assessor
    Blinding implementation details
    Patients, investigators, and everyone involved in trial conduct or analysis or with any other interest in this double-blind trial remained blinded with regard to the randomised treatment assignments within a cohort until after all patients in the cohort had completed the study and database lock had taken place.

    Arms
    Are arms mutually exclusive
    Yes

    Arm title
    Placebo Cohort A
    Arm description
    Once a day oral administration of a single film-coated placebo tablet matching to empaglifozin for 12 weeks. Cohort A: Heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF).
    Arm type
    Placebo

    Investigational medicinal product name
    Placebo matching empaglifozin
    Investigational medicinal product code
    Other name
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Film-coated tablet
    Routes of administration
    Oral use
    Dosage and administration details
    Once a day oral administration of a single film-coated placebo tablet matching to empaglifozin for 12 weeks.

    Arm title
    Placebo Cohort B
    Arm description
    Once a day oral administration of a single film-coated placebo tablet matching to empaglifozin for 12 weeks. Cohort B: Heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF).
    Arm type
    Placebo

    Investigational medicinal product name
    Placebo matching empaglifozin
    Investigational medicinal product code
    Other name
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Film-coated tablet
    Routes of administration
    Oral use
    Dosage and administration details
    Once a day oral administration of a single film-coated placebo tablet matching to empaglifozin for 12 weeks.

    Arm title
    Empaglifozin 10mg Cohort A
    Arm description
    Once a day oral administration of a single 10 milligram (mg) film-coated empaglifozin tablet for 12 weeks. Cohort A: Heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF).
    Arm type
    Experimental

    Investigational medicinal product name
    Empagliflozin
    Investigational medicinal product code
    Other name
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Film-coated tablet
    Routes of administration
    Oral use
    Dosage and administration details
    Once a day oral administration of a single 10 milligram (mg) film-coated empaglifozin tablet for 12 weeks.

    Arm title
    Empaglifozin 10mg Cohort B
    Arm description
    Once a day oral administration of a single 10 milligram (mg) film-coated empaglifozin tablet for 12 weeks. Cohort B: Heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF).
    Arm type
    Experimental

    Investigational medicinal product name
    Empaglifozin
    Investigational medicinal product code
    Other name
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Film-coated tablet
    Routes of administration
    Oral use
    Dosage and administration details
    Once a day oral administration of a single 10 milligram (mg) film-coated empaglifozin tablet for 12 weeks.

    Number of subjects in period 1 [1]
    Placebo Cohort A Placebo Cohort B Empaglifozin 10mg Cohort A Empaglifozin 10mg Cohort B
    Started
    19
    18
    17
    18
    Treated
    19
    17
    17
    18
    Completed
    18
    16
    17
    17
    Not completed
    1
    2
    0
    1
         worsening of disease under study
    1
    1
    -
    -
         Adverse event, non-fatal
    -
    -
    -
    1
         Not treated
    -
    1
    -
    -
    Notes
    [1] - The number of subjects reported to be in the baseline period are not the same as the worldwide number enrolled in the trial. It is expected that these numbers will be the same.
    Justification: Of the 101 screened and enrolled subjects, 72 were randomized and treated in the study.

    Baseline characteristics

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    Baseline characteristics reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Placebo Cohort A
    Reporting group description
    Once a day oral administration of a single film-coated placebo tablet matching to empaglifozin for 12 weeks. Cohort A: Heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF).

    Reporting group title
    Placebo Cohort B
    Reporting group description
    Once a day oral administration of a single film-coated placebo tablet matching to empaglifozin for 12 weeks. Cohort B: Heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF).

    Reporting group title
    Empaglifozin 10mg Cohort A
    Reporting group description
    Once a day oral administration of a single 10 milligram (mg) film-coated empaglifozin tablet for 12 weeks. Cohort A: Heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF).

    Reporting group title
    Empaglifozin 10mg Cohort B
    Reporting group description
    Once a day oral administration of a single 10 milligram (mg) film-coated empaglifozin tablet for 12 weeks. Cohort B: Heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF).

    Reporting group values
    Placebo Cohort A Placebo Cohort B Empaglifozin 10mg Cohort A Empaglifozin 10mg Cohort B Total
    Number of subjects
    19 18 17 18 72
    Age categorical
    Randomised set (RS): This set included all patients who were randomised to study treatment, in line with the intention-to-treat principle.
    Units: Subjects
        In utero
    0 0 0 0 0
        Preterm newborn infants (gestational age < 37 wks)
    0 0 0 0 0
        Newborns (0-27 days)
    0 0 0 0 0
        Infants and toddlers (28 days-23 months)
    0 0 0 0 0
        Children (2-11 years)
    0 0 0 0 0
        Adolescents (12-17 years)
    0 0 0 0 0
        Adults (18-64 years)
    8 2 4 7 21
        From 65-84 years
    10 15 13 11 49
        85 years and over
    1 1 0 0 2
    Age Continuous
    Randomised set (RS): This set included all patients who were randomised to study treatment, in line with the intention-to-treat principle.
    Units: years
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    64.7 ± 12.7 72.1 ± 7.0 67.5 ± 14.1 69.1 ± 10.9 -
    Sex: Female, Male
    Randomised set (RS): This set included all patients who were randomised to study treatment, in line with the intention-to-treat principle.
    Units: Subjects
        Female
    6 9 7 8 30
        Male
    13 9 10 10 42
    Race (NIH/OMB)
    Randomised set (RS): This set included all patients who were randomised to study treatment, in line with the intention-to-treat principle.
    Units: Subjects
        American Indian or Alaska Native
    0 0 0 0 0
        Asian
    0 0 0 1 1
        Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
    0 0 0 0 0
        Black or African American
    0 0 0 1 1
        White
    19 18 17 16 70
        More than one race
    0 0 0 0 0
        Unknown or Not Reported
    0 0 0 0 0
    Ethnicity (NIH/OMB)
    Randomised set (RS): This set included all patients who were randomised to study treatment, in line with the intention-to-treat principle.
    Units: Subjects
        Hispanic or Latino
    0 0 0 0 0
        Not Hispanic or Latino
    19 18 17 18 72
        Unknown or Not Reported
    0 0 0 0 0
    Ratio of phosphocreatine to adenosine triphosphate concentration
    The ratio of phosphocreatine to adenosine triphosphate concentration (PCr/ATP) reflects the energetic state of the heart and was assessed by 31P cardiac magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). Randomised set (RS): This set included all patients who were randomised to study treatment, in line with the intention-to-treat principle. In the Placebo arm (Cohort B) there was one patient without baseline Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) measures.
    Units: Ratio
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    1.924 ± 0.354 1.719 ± 0.431 1.889 ± 0.407 1.896 ± 0.462 -

    End points

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    End points reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Placebo Cohort A
    Reporting group description
    Once a day oral administration of a single film-coated placebo tablet matching to empaglifozin for 12 weeks. Cohort A: Heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF).

    Reporting group title
    Placebo Cohort B
    Reporting group description
    Once a day oral administration of a single film-coated placebo tablet matching to empaglifozin for 12 weeks. Cohort B: Heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF).

    Reporting group title
    Empaglifozin 10mg Cohort A
    Reporting group description
    Once a day oral administration of a single 10 milligram (mg) film-coated empaglifozin tablet for 12 weeks. Cohort A: Heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF).

    Reporting group title
    Empaglifozin 10mg Cohort B
    Reporting group description
    Once a day oral administration of a single 10 milligram (mg) film-coated empaglifozin tablet for 12 weeks. Cohort B: Heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF).

    Subject analysis set title
    Randomised set (RS)
    Subject analysis set type
    Per protocol
    Subject analysis set description
    This set included all patients who were randomised to study treatment, in line with the intention-to-treat principle.

    Primary: Change from baseline to Week 12 in PCr/ATP ratio in the resting state measured by 31P cardiac magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS).

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    End point title
    Change from baseline to Week 12 in PCr/ATP ratio in the resting state measured by 31P cardiac magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS).
    End point description
    The primary endpoint of efficacy was the change from baseline to Week 12 in phosphocreatine/adenosine triphosphate (PCr/ATP) ratio in the resting state measured by 31P cardiac magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). Adjusted mean values were calculated using an analysis of variance (ANOVA) model, with treatment, history of diabetes, and history of atrial fibrillation (AF) as fixed effects. Per protocol set (PPS): The primary endpoint analysis was performed using the per protocol (PP) set of patients with valid PCr/ATP ratio measurements available at baseline and Week 12, and no important protocol violation relevant to the primary endpoint.
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    At baseline and at week 12.
    End point values
    Placebo Cohort A Placebo Cohort B Empaglifozin 10mg Cohort A Empaglifozin 10mg Cohort B
    Number of subjects analysed
    18 [1]
    11 [2]
    17 [3]
    13 [4]
    Units: PCr / ATP Ratio
        least squares mean (standard error)
    0.068 ± 0.114
    0.259 ± 0.156
    -0.179 ± 0.117
    0.100 ± 0.143
    Notes
    [1] - PPS
    [2] - PPS
    [3] - PPS
    [4] - PPS
    Statistical analysis title
    Statistical analysis 1
    Statistical analysis description
    ANOVA on the PCr/ATP ratio absolute change using treatment (empagliflozin vs. placebo), history of diabetes (yes vs, no) and history of atrial fibrillation (yes vs no) as between subjects factor.
    Comparison groups
    Placebo Cohort A v Empaglifozin 10mg Cohort A
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    35
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    P-value
    = 0.1418
    Method
    ANOVA
    Parameter type
    Mean difference (final values)
    Point estimate
    -0.247
    Confidence interval
         level
    95%
         sides
    2-sided
         lower limit
    -0.582
         upper limit
    0.087
    Variability estimate
    Standard error of the mean
    Dispersion value
    0.164
    Statistical analysis title
    Statistical analysis 2
    Statistical analysis description
    ANOVA on the PCr/ATP ratio absolute change using treatment (empagliflozin vs. placebo), history of diabetes (yes vs, no) and history of atrial fibrillation (yes vs no) as between subjects factor.
    Comparison groups
    Placebo Cohort B v Empaglifozin 10mg Cohort B
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    24
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    P-value
    = 0.465
    Method
    ANOVA
    Parameter type
    Mean difference (final values)
    Point estimate
    -0.159
    Confidence interval
         level
    95%
         sides
    2-sided
         lower limit
    -0.604
         upper limit
    0.286
    Variability estimate
    Standard error of the mean
    Dispersion value
    0.213

    Adverse events

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    Adverse events information
    Timeframe for reporting adverse events
    All adverse events occurring between the start of treatment and end of the residual effect period, 7 days after the last dose of medication. Up to 95 days.
    Adverse event reporting additional description
    Treated set (TS): All randomised and treated patients were included in the safety analysis and safety summaries were presented by actual treatment received.
    Assessment type
    Systematic
    Dictionary used for adverse event reporting
    Dictionary name
    MedDRA
    Dictionary version
    23.0
    Reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Placebo
    Reporting group description
    Once a day oral administration of a single film-coated placebo tablet matching to empaglifozin for 12 weeks. Cohort A: Heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and Cohort B: Heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF).

    Reporting group title
    Empa 10mg
    Reporting group description
    Once a day oral administration of a single 10 milligram (mg) film-coated empaglifozin tablet for 12 weeks. Cohort A: Heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and Cohort B: Heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF).

    Serious adverse events
    Placebo Empa 10mg
    Total subjects affected by serious adverse events
         subjects affected / exposed
    7 / 36 (19.44%)
    1 / 35 (2.86%)
         number of deaths (all causes)
    0
    0
         number of deaths resulting from adverse events
    0
    0
    Neoplasms benign, malignant and unspecified (incl cysts and polyps)
    Pituitary tumour benign
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 36 (2.78%)
    0 / 35 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Cardiac disorders
    Cardiac arrest
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 36 (2.78%)
    0 / 35 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Cardiac failure
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 36 (2.78%)
    0 / 35 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Cardiac failure congestive
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 36 (5.56%)
    0 / 35 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Nervous system disorders
    Syncope
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 36 (2.78%)
    0 / 35 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Eye disorders
    Glaucoma
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 36 (2.78%)
    0 / 35 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Renal and urinary disorders
    Acute kidney injury
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 36 (5.56%)
    1 / 35 (2.86%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
    1 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Infections and infestations
    Lower respiratory tract infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 36 (2.78%)
    0 / 35 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Metabolism and nutrition disorders
    Euglycaemic diabetic ketoacidosis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 36 (2.78%)
    0 / 35 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    1 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Hypomagnesaemia
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 36 (0.00%)
    1 / 35 (2.86%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Frequency threshold for reporting non-serious adverse events: 5%
    Non-serious adverse events
    Placebo Empa 10mg
    Total subjects affected by non serious adverse events
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 36 (8.33%)
    8 / 35 (22.86%)
    Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders
    Pruritus
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 36 (0.00%)
    2 / 35 (5.71%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    2
    Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders
    Osteoarthritis
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 36 (0.00%)
    2 / 35 (5.71%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    2
    Infections and infestations
    Lower respiratory tract infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 36 (5.56%)
    1 / 35 (2.86%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    1
    Urinary tract infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 36 (2.78%)
    3 / 35 (8.57%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    3

    More information

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    Substantial protocol amendments (globally)

    Were there any global substantial amendments to the protocol? Yes
    Date
    Amendment
    26 Mar 2018
    • Exclusion criterion 2 revised since patients who had a previous non-ST elevated myocardial infarction (MI) or less extensive MI would still have viable myocardium to produce Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) so those patients were technically eligible for Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and there was no reason to exclude them • Dosing information was revised so that a requirement to take trial medication in the morning was changed to a recommendation • A local creatinine test at Visit 1 was added to check patient safety prior to administration of contrast agent • Reticulocyte count and Gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) added as standard safety laboratory tests (rather than reactive tests) • Glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) was added to the list of specified biomarkers • Addition of new section to add blood sampling for metabolomic analysis.
    14 Aug 2018
    • Flowchart was amended so ECHO (Echocardiogram) did not need to be repeated at Visit 2 if performed within previous 21 days • Flowchart and relevant section were amended so that a Computed tomography (CT) scan was not required at screening if ischaemic clinical testing had been performed within 6 months and written results were available and adequate (in the opinion of the investigator) to assess eligibility • Body mass index (BMI) was removed from list of inclusion criteria since there was no medical reason to exclude patients with a high BMI who were otherwise eligible and able to undergo MRI scanning. Patients with a high BMI who were unable to undergo Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanning were excluded from the study by exclusion criterion 3, which covered contraindications for MRI scanning. • Exclusion criterion 2 was revised because it excluded patients with flow limitation of the non-septal region. Coronary flow limitation resulting in scars or non-viable myocardium elsewhere (non-septal regions) would not affect measurement of phosphocreatine/adenosine triphosphate (PCr/ATP) so the exclusion criteria was modified to allow inclusion of these patients. • Exclusion criterion 22 was revised so that patients who received chemotherapy or radiotherapy should be considered individually by investigators as the status of malignancy after treatment varies according to individual, type of malignancy, and the effect of treatment. Taking these into account it was considered acceptable to include patients in the trial as soon as 6 months if the investigator believed it is appropriate to do so.

    Interruptions (globally)

    Were there any global interruptions to the trial? No

    Limitations and caveats

    Limitations of the trial such as small numbers of subjects analysed or technical problems leading to unreliable data.
    Due to COVID-19, the number of patients included in the analysis of efficacy for the HFpEF cohort was substantially reduced, which meant that this cohort was under powered (reduced from 80% to 70%) for the planned analysis of the primary endpoint.
    For support, Contact us.
    The status and protocol content of GB trials is no longer updated since 1 January 2021. For the UK, as of 31 January 2021, EU Law applies only to the territory of Northern Ireland (NI) to the extent foreseen in the Protocol on Ireland/NI. Legal notice
    As of 31 January 2023, all EU/EEA initial clinical trial applications must be submitted through CTIS . Updated EudraCT trials information and information on PIP/Art 46 trials conducted exclusively in third countries continues to be submitted through EudraCT and published on this website.

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