E.1 Medical condition or disease under investigation |
E.1.1 | Medical condition(s) being investigated |
Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Obesity |
diabetes type 2
obesitas |
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E.1.1.1 | Medical condition in easily understood language |
diabetes
overweight |
suikerziekte
overgewicht |
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E.1.1.2 | Therapeutic area | Diseases [C] - Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases [C18] |
MedDRA Classification |
E.1.3 | Condition being studied is a rare disease | No |
E.2 Objective of the trial |
E.2.1 | Main objective of the trial |
To investigate the separate and combined actions of the SGLT2 inhibitor dapagliflozin and GLP-1 receptor agonist exenatide BID on activity in central reward and satiety circuits in response to food related stimuli in obese patients with T2DM |
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E.2.2 | Secondary objectives of the trial |
To investigate the separate and combined actions of the SGLT2 inhibitor dapagliflozin and GLP-1 receptor agonist exenatide on quantitative and qualitative aspects of food intake, energy expenditure, anthropometrics, resting state brain activity networks, cardiovascular autonomic nervous function and blood and urine biomarkers
Safety objectives:
To evaluate the safety and tolerability of the separate and combined actions of the SGLT2 inhibitor dapagliflozin and GLP-1 receptor agonist exenatide
Exploratory objectives:
-to study the possible influence of concomitant changes in several important hormones and novel hormone measurements that may become available in the near future.
-to allow the study of the effects of human genetic variation on the endpoints in the future |
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E.2.3 | Trial contains a sub-study | No |
E.3 | Principal inclusion criteria |
- Age 18-65 years
- BMI 30–40 kg/m2
- Stable bodyweight (<5% reported change during the previous 3 months).
- Diagnosed with T2DM > 3 months prior to screening
- HbA1C 7.5–10%
- Treatment with metformin and/or sulphonylurea at a stable dose for at least 3 months.
- Right handed
- Both genders; for women: post menopausal (excluding possible menstruation cycle effects)
- Caucasian
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- leeftijd 18-65jaar
- BMI 30–40 kg/m2
- stabiel lichaamsgewicht (5% verschil in afgelopen 3 maanden)
- > 3 maanden voor screening gediagnosticeerd met T2Dm
- HbA1C 7.5–10%
- behandeling met metformine en/of sulfonyluremderivaat op een stabiele dosis ten minste gedurende 3 maanden
- rechtshandigheid
- Mannen en vrouwen; voor vrouwen: post menopauzaal
- Kaukasisch |
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E.4 | Principal exclusion criteria |
- GLP-1 based therapies, DPP-4 inhibitors, thiazolidinediones or insulin within 3 months before screening
- Weight-lowering agents within 3 months before screening.
- Congestive heart failure (NYHA II-IV)
- Chronic renal failure (glomerular filtration rate < 60 mL/min/1.73m2 per Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD))
- Liver disease
- History of gastrointestinal disorders (including gastroparese, pancreatitis and cholelithiasis)
- Patients with MEN2 syndrome or history or family history of medullary thyroid carcinoma
- Neurological illness
- Malignancy (except for basal cell carcinoma)
- History of major heart disease
- History of major renal disease
- Pregnancy or breast feeding
- Implantable devices
- Substance abuse
- Addiction
- Alcohol abuse (defined as: for men > 21 units/week, for women >14 units/week)
- Smoking/ nicotine abuse (defined as: daily smoking / a daily use of nicotine)
- Contra-indication for MRI, such as claustrophobia or pacemaker
- Any psychiatric illness; including eating disorders and depression
- Chronic use of centrally acting agents or glucocorticoids within 2 weeks immediately prior to screening.
- Use of cytostatic or immune modulatory agents
- History of allergy for exenatide or other GLP-1 RA
- Participation in other studies at time of the screening visit
- Individuals who have received treatment within the last 30 days with a drug that has not received regulatory approval for any indication at the time of study entry
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- Therapie met GLP-1 analogen, DPP-4 remmers, thiazolidinedionen of insuline 3 maanden voorafgaand aan screening
- gebruikt van gewichtsreducerende middelen 3 maanden voorafgaand aan screening
- congestief hartfalen (NYHA II-IV)
- Chronische nierinsufficiëntie (glomerulaire filtratie < 60 mL/min/1.73m2 per Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD))
- Leverziekte
- Geschiedenis van gastro-intestinale ziekten ( inclusief gastroparese, pancreatitis en cholelithiasis)
- patienten met MEN2 syndroom of medische (familie) geschiedenis met medullair thyroid carcinoom
- neurologische ziekten
- maligniteit (behalve basaal-cel carcinoom)
- medische geschiedenis met belangrijke hart ziekte
- medische geschiedenis met belangrijke nierziekte
- zwangerschap of borstvoeding
- implanteerbare medische apparaten
- middelen misbruik
- verslaving
- Alcohol misbruik ( gedefinieerd als: voor mannen > 21 eenheden/week, voor vrouwen > 14 eenheden/week)
- Roken/nicotine misbruik ( gedifinieerd als: dagelijks roken/ dagelijks gebruik van nicotine)
- contra-indicaties voor MRI, zoals claustrofobie of (niet mri compatible) pacemaker
- elke psychiatrische ziekte; inclusief eetstoornissen en depressie
- chronisch gebruik van centraal werkende middelen of glucocorticoïden 2 weken voorafgaand aan screening
- gebruik van cytostatica of immuun modulerende middelen
- geschiedenis van allergie of overgevoeligheidsreactie voor exenatide of andere GLP-1 RA
- gelijktijdige deelname in andere studie
- medicatiegebruik, in de 30 dagen voorafgaand aan de studie, van een middel dat nog niet geregistreerd is
- Personen die werkzaam zijn op de onderzoeksafdeling, direct betrokken bij de studie, of familie (partner, ouder kind, broer of zus, of biologisch of wettelijk vastgestelde) van personeel op de onderzoeksafdeling
- personen die eerder hebben afgemaakt of zich hebben terug getrokken van
deze of elke andere studie die GLP-1 RA of dipeptidyl peptidase (DDP-4) onderzochten binnen de afgelopen 6 maanden
- linkshandigheid
- visuele beperking welke niet te corrigeren is met een bril of contact lenzen
- Personen die volgens de mening van de onderzoeker op een andere manier niet geschikt zijn om deel te nemen in de studie
- slecht begrip van de Nederlandse taal of elke (mentale) stoornis waardoor volledig begrip van het onderzoek, instructie en daardoor participatie niet mogelijk is. |
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E.5 End points |
E.5.1 | Primary end point(s) |
Difference in neuronal activity in central reward and satiety circuits in response to food related stimuli by BOLD fMRI signal change from baseline compared to 16 weeks of treatment
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Verschillen in neuronale activiteit in CNS centrale belonings- en verzadigings circuits als reactie op voedsel gerelateerde stimuli door BOLD fMRI signaal verandering ten opzichte van de baseline en 16 weken behandeling. |
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E.5.1.1 | Timepoint(s) of evaluation of this end point |
fMRI are assessed at baseline, after 10 days en 16 weeks of treatment. |
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E.5.2 | Secondary end point(s) |
• Differences in neuronal activity in the central reward and satiety circuits in response food related stimuli by BOLD fMRI signal compared to baseline and 1.5 weeks of treatment and 1.5 and 16 weeks of treatment between the exenatide+dapagliflozine, exenatide + placebo, dapagliflozin+placebo and double placebo groups
• feeding behaviour, measured by quantitative and qualitative changes in food choice, during an ad libitum lunch buffet compared between the groups ( at baseline and 1,5 week , baseline and 16 weeks and 1.5 and 16weeks)
• difference in self reported hunger, satiety and fullness by visual analogue scale
•difference in resting energy expenditure measured by indirect calorimetry measurements between the groups (at baseline and 1,5 week , baseline and 16 weeks and 1.5 and 16weeks)
• Change in bodyweight (kg) and body mass index (kg/m2) between the groups (at baseline and 1,5 week , baseline and 16 weeks and 1.5 and 16weeks)
• Difference in bodycomposition measured by bio electrical impedance analysis and other body measurments such as waist and hip circumference between the 4 groups (at baseline and 1,5 week , baseline and 16 weeks and 1.5 and 16weeks)
•difference in resting brain activity by fMRI; resting state measurements
• effect on cardiovasculair autonomic balance by cardiovasculair reflex tests (bloodpressure, hartfrequency, ECG; assessed by finger plethysmography [NexFin])
• renal measurements by single spot and 24 urine collection; cumulative glucose excretion (0-1,5, 0-16, 1,5-16 ), creatinine clearance (0-1,5, 0-16, 1,5-16 weeks ), tubulair function ; sodium excretion and urinary pH ((0-1,5, 0-16, 1,5-16 weeks), renal damage markers albumin/creatinin ratio (0-1,5, 0-16, 1,5-16weeks )
• resting blood pressure
• Change in the plasma/serum biomarkers of metabolism, liver function, estimated renal function (eGFR), electrolytes and haematocrit (0-1,5, 0-8, 0-16, 1,5-16 weeks)
The following safety variables will be collected during the study:
• Occurrence of adverse events (as reported by the patient)
• Vital signs (pulse rate, blood pressure, body temperature)
• Different end-point assessments that also serve as safety measurements: glucose, HbA1c, cholesterol, LDL and HDL cholesterol, sodium, creatinine, Ht, electrocardiograms.
We will then measure the following exploratory endpoints.
• Blood will be collected to have the opportunity to perform measurements of hormones, such as leptin, cortisol and ghrelin.
• A blood sample will be collected for the study of genetic variation, for example. FTO gene variant
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• Verschillen in neuronale activiteit in CNS centrale belonings- en verzadigings circuits als reactie op voedsel gerelateerde stimuli door BOLD fMRI signaal verandering ten opzichte van de baseline in reactie op voedsel gerelateerde stimuli na 16 10 dagen behandeling tussen de exenatide+dapagliflozine, exenatide + placebo, dapagliflozine +placebo en dubbel placebo groepen
• voedingsgedrag, gemeten door kwantitatieve en kwalitatieve veranderingen in voedsel keuze gedurende een keuze-lunch buffet zal worden vergeleken tussen de verschillende groepen ( baseline en 1,5 week, baseline en 16 weken, 1,5 week en 16 weken)
• zelf geraporteerde honger, verzadiging en volheid door middel van visuele analoge sschalen (VAS)
• verandering in lichaamsgewicht (kg) en Body mass index( kg/m2) tussen de vier groepen (baseline en week 16, baseline en 1,5 week en tussen 1,5 en 16 weken)
• verschil in energieverbruik, gemeten door middel van indirecte calorimetrie meting tussen de vier groepen (baseline en week 16, baseline en 1,5 week en tussen 1,5 en 16 weken)
• verschil in lichaamssamenstelling zal worden gemeten door middel van bio elektrische impedantie en andere lichaamsmetingen zoals middel-en heup omtrek vergeleken tussen de 4 groepen (baseline en week 16, baseline en 1,5 week en tussen 1,5 en 16 weken)
• het verschil in hersenactiviteit in rust gemeten door middel van fMRI: resting state metingen
• effect op cardiovasculaire autonome balans door middel van cardiovasculaire reflex testen (Bloeddruk, hartfrequentie, ECG)
• bloeddruk in rust
• renale metingen door middel van portie en 24 uurs urine; oa glucose excretie (tussen 0-1,5, 0-16, 1,5-16 weken) , creatinineklaring (tussen 0-1,5, 0-16, 1,5-16 weken) tubulaire functie; Na excretie en urine pH (tussen 0-1,5, 0-16, 1,5-16 weken) renale schade markers; alb/creatinine ratio (tussen 0-1,5 week en 0-16 weken)
• verandering in plasma/serum biomarkers (metabolisme, leverfunctie, geschatte nierfunctie, elektrolyten, hematocriet) tussen 0-1,5, 0-8, 0-16, 1,5-16 weken
Er zal naar de volgende veiligheidsvariabelen worden gekeken:
• Door de patiënt zelf gerapporteerde bijwerkingen, vanaf informed consent tot 30 dagen na laatste dosis studiemedicatie
• Vitale gegevens
• laboratorium uitslagen oa. glucose, HbA1c, cholesterol, LDL, HDL, Natrium, creatinine, Hematocriet
• Ecg's
Exploratief:
• bloedonderzoek op mogelijke verandering in hormonen zoals oa. leptine, cortisol en ghreline.
• Mogelijk in de toekomst effecten van genetische variatie |
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E.5.2.1 | Timepoint(s) of evaluation of this end point |
cardiovasculair autonomic nervous function test, BMI, bio-electrical impedance analysis, resting energy expenditure and 24h urine collection will be done at baseline after 10 days, and after 16 weeks of treatment.
Safety
Collection of adverse event information will begin at the signing of the informed consent and continues through 30 days after administration of the last dose of study medication.
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E.6 and E.7 Scope of the trial |
E.6 | Scope of the trial |
E.6.1 | Diagnosis | No |
E.6.2 | Prophylaxis | No |
E.6.3 | Therapy | Yes |
E.6.4 | Safety | Yes |
E.6.5 | Efficacy | Yes |
E.6.6 | Pharmacokinetic | No |
E.6.7 | Pharmacodynamic | Yes |
E.6.8 | Bioequivalence | No |
E.6.9 | Dose response | No |
E.6.10 | Pharmacogenetic | No |
E.6.11 | Pharmacogenomic | No |
E.6.12 | Pharmacoeconomic | No |
E.6.13 | Others | Yes |
E.6.13.1 | Other scope of the trial description |
Mechanistic study adressing the mechanism of action of the GLP-1 receptor agonist exenatide and de SGLT-2 inhibitor dapagliflozin on the central nervous system |
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E.7 | Trial type and phase |
E.7.1 | Human pharmacology (Phase I) | No |
E.7.1.1 | First administration to humans | No |
E.7.1.2 | Bioequivalence study | No |
E.7.1.3 | Other | No |
E.7.1.3.1 | Other trial type description | |
E.7.2 | Therapeutic exploratory (Phase II) | No |
E.7.3 | Therapeutic confirmatory (Phase III) | No |
E.7.4 | Therapeutic use (Phase IV) | Yes |
E.8 Design of the trial |
E.8.1 | Controlled | Yes |
E.8.1.1 | Randomised | Yes |
E.8.1.2 | Open | No |
E.8.1.3 | Single blind | No |
E.8.1.4 | Double blind | Yes |
E.8.1.5 | Parallel group | Yes |
E.8.1.6 | Cross over | No |
E.8.1.7 | Other | No |
E.8.2 | Comparator of controlled trial |
E.8.2.1 | Other medicinal product(s) | Yes |
E.8.2.2 | Placebo | Yes |
E.8.2.3 | Other | Yes |
E.8.2.3.1 | Comparator description |
Combination therapy will also be compared with the monotherapy groups of the medicinal products |
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E.8.2.4 | Number of treatment arms in the trial | 4 |
E.8.3 |
The trial involves single site in the Member State concerned
| Yes |
E.8.4 | The trial involves multiple sites in the Member State concerned | No |
E.8.5 | The trial involves multiple Member States | No |
E.8.6 Trial involving sites outside the EEA |
E.8.6.1 | Trial being conducted both within and outside the EEA | No |
E.8.6.2 | Trial being conducted completely outside of the EEA | No |
E.8.7 | Trial has a data monitoring committee | No |
E.8.8 |
Definition of the end of the trial and justification where it is not the last
visit of the last subject undergoing the trial
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E.8.9 Initial estimate of the duration of the trial |
E.8.9.1 | In the Member State concerned years | 2 |
E.8.9.1 | In the Member State concerned months | 6 |
E.8.9.1 | In the Member State concerned days | |