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    Clinical Trial Results:
    A Multicentre, Randomised, Open-label, Parallel-Group Pilot Study to Evaluate the Efficacy of Patiromer in Optimising Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonist Therapy in Heart Failure Subjects with Hyperkalaemia

    Summary
    EudraCT number
    2017-003555-35
    Trial protocol
    DE  
    Global end of trial date
    09 Oct 2019

    Results information
    Results version number
    v1(current)
    This version publication date
    09 Oct 2020
    First version publication date
    09 Oct 2020
    Other versions

    Trial information

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    Trial identification
    Sponsor protocol code
    PAT-DEU-402
    Additional study identifiers
    ISRCTN number
    -
    US NCT number
    -
    WHO universal trial number (UTN)
    -
    Sponsors
    Sponsor organisation name
    Fresenius Medical Care Nephrologica Deutschland GmbH
    Sponsor organisation address
    Else-Kröner-Strasse 1, Bad Homburg, Germany, D-61352
    Public contact
    Dr. John Golden, Medical Director, Fresenius Medical Care Nephrologica Deutschland GmbH, +49 6172 886 70-0, john.golden@viforpharma.com
    Scientific contact
    Julian V. Platon, MD, PhD Clinical Research Cardio-Renal & Orphan Hematology, Director, Vifor Pharma Management Ltd., +41 58 851 80 00, julian.platon@viforpharma.com
    Paediatric regulatory details
    Is trial part of an agreed paediatric investigation plan (PIP)
    No
    Does article 45 of REGULATION (EC) No 1901/2006 apply to this trial?
    No
    Does article 46 of REGULATION (EC) No 1901/2006 apply to this trial?
    No
    Results analysis stage
    Analysis stage
    Final
    Date of interim/final analysis
    22 Jun 2020
    Is this the analysis of the primary completion data?
    No
    Global end of trial reached?
    Yes
    Global end of trial date
    09 Oct 2019
    Was the trial ended prematurely?
    Yes
    General information about the trial
    Main objective of the trial
    To evaluate the efficacy of patiromer in optimising mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist (MRA) therapy in hyperkalaemic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) subjects
    Protection of trial subjects
    The study was conducted according to the principles of the World Medical Association’s Declaration of Helsinki (as amended by the 64th World Medical Association General Assembly, Fortaleza, Brazil, October 2013), and the International Council for Harmonisation (ICH) guidelines for Good Clinical Practice. Fresenius Medical Care Nephrologica Deutschland GmbH ensured that the study complied with all local, federal, or country regulatory requirements.
    Background therapy
    Subjects were on: - MRA therapy in accordance with the respective product label: eplerenone or spironolactone. Eplerenone/spironolactone target dose was 50 mg/day for both treatment groups. All subjects continued with their current eplerenone/spironolactone dose on Day 1 (when starting the study treatment). Dose adjustments could be performed starting at Visit Day 3. - Guideline recommended heart failure (HF) therapy, i.e., on 1 or more HF therapies (e.g., angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor [ACEi], angiotensin receptor blocker [ARB], angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitor [ARNi], beta blocker [BB], diuretic) that are anticipated to remain stable during study participation with the exception of the diuretic
    Evidence for comparator
    -
    Actual start date of recruitment
    18 Apr 2018
    Long term follow-up planned
    No
    Independent data monitoring committee (IDMC) involvement?
    No
    Population of trial subjects
    Number of subjects enrolled per country
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Germany: 21
    Worldwide total number of subjects
    21
    EEA total number of subjects
    21
    Number of subjects enrolled per age group
    In utero
    0
    Preterm newborn - gestational age < 37 wk
    0
    Newborns (0-27 days)
    0
    Infants and toddlers (28 days-23 months)
    0
    Children (2-11 years)
    0
    Adolescents (12-17 years)
    0
    Adults (18-64 years)
    4
    From 65 to 84 years
    17
    85 years and over
    0

    Subject disposition

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    Recruitment
    Recruitment details
    -

    Pre-assignment
    Screening details
    The purpose of the screening period was to ensure that all subjects to be randomised were properly evaluated and met all study eligibility criteria. The screening period (up to 14 days) could include 2 visits (S1 and S2).

    Period 1
    Period 1 title
    Overall trial (overall period)
    Is this the baseline period?
    Yes
    Allocation method
    Randomised - controlled
    Blinding used
    Not blinded

    Arms
    Are arms mutually exclusive
    Yes

    Arm title
    Veltassa® (patiromer)
    Arm description
    To manage hyperkalaemia in hyperkalaemic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) subjects treated with eplerenone or spironolactone with patiromer (8.4 g/day, titration according to label)
    Arm type
    Experimental

    Investigational medicinal product name
    Patiromer sorbitex calcium
    Investigational medicinal product code
    Other name
    Veltassa®
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Powder for oral suspension
    Routes of administration
    Oral use
    Dosage and administration details
    Strength: 8.4 g/sachet The starting dose of patiromer was 8.4 g/day orally. Dose adjustments were performed starting at Visit Day 7. Based upon the patiromer treatment algorithm, patiromer was increased in increments of 8.4 g/day if sK+ was ≥5.1 mmol/l (measured by local laboratory) in intervals of at least 1 week up to a maximum dose of 25.2 g/day. Doses of patiromer were in 1, 2, and 3 sachets (maximum dose). For subjects with K+ <4.0 mmol/l, patiromer dose was decreased by at least 8.4 g/day. If K+ was <3.5 mmol/l, patiromer dose was stopped (0 g/day) and restarted at the next lowest dose once K+ was >4.0 mmol/l. The minimum dose of patiromer was 0 g/day

    Arm title
    Standard of Care
    Arm description
    To manage hyperkalaemia in hyperkalaemic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) subjects treated with eplerenone or spironolactone with Standard of Care (SOC) (diet, renal K+ elimination, reduction of K+-sparing drugs)
    Arm type
    Standard of Care

    Investigational medicinal product name
    No investigational medicinal product assigned in this arm
    Number of subjects in period 1
    Veltassa® (patiromer) Standard of Care
    Started
    10
    11
    Completed
    10
    11

    Baseline characteristics

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    Baseline characteristics reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Veltassa® (patiromer)
    Reporting group description
    To manage hyperkalaemia in hyperkalaemic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) subjects treated with eplerenone or spironolactone with patiromer (8.4 g/day, titration according to label)

    Reporting group title
    Standard of Care
    Reporting group description
    To manage hyperkalaemia in hyperkalaemic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) subjects treated with eplerenone or spironolactone with Standard of Care (SOC) (diet, renal K+ elimination, reduction of K+-sparing drugs)

    Reporting group values
    Veltassa® (patiromer) Standard of Care Total
    Number of subjects
    10 11 21
    Age categorical
    Units: Subjects
        Adults (18-64 years)
    2 2 4
        From 65-84 years
    8 9 17
        85 years and over
    0 0 0
    Age continuous
    Units: years
        arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
    70.8 ± 8.84 72.8 ± 7.49 -
    Gender categorical
    Units: Subjects
        Female
    1 1 2
        Male
    9 10 19
    MRA treatment
    MRA = Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist
    Units: Subjects
        Eplerenone
    4 5 9
        Spironolactone
    6 6 12
    Serum potassium
    Units: Subjects
        <5.1 mmol/l
    0 0 0
        ≥5.1-<5.5 mmol/l
    3 3 6
        ≥5.5 mmol/l
    7 8 15

    End points

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    End points reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Veltassa® (patiromer)
    Reporting group description
    To manage hyperkalaemia in hyperkalaemic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) subjects treated with eplerenone or spironolactone with patiromer (8.4 g/day, titration according to label)

    Reporting group title
    Standard of Care
    Reporting group description
    To manage hyperkalaemia in hyperkalaemic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) subjects treated with eplerenone or spironolactone with Standard of Care (SOC) (diet, renal K+ elimination, reduction of K+-sparing drugs)

    Primary: Subjects maintaining or achieving MRA target dose at Day 42

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    End point title
    Subjects maintaining or achieving MRA target dose at Day 42 [1]
    End point description
    MRA target dose: guideline recommended and evidence-based target dose of 50 mg/day eplerenone or spironolactone
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    Day 42
    Notes
    [1] - No statistical analyses have been specified for this primary end point. It is expected there is at least one statistical analysis for each primary end point.
    Justification: Odds ratio estimate with its exact 95% confidence interval (CI) was planned to be presented. However, due to the early study termination and limited data available for the primary efficacy endpoint, the corresponding odds ratio could not be computed.
    End point values
    Veltassa® (patiromer) Standard of Care
    Number of subjects analysed
    10
    11
    Units: Subjects
    5
    0
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Patient Global Assessment (PGA)

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    End point title
    Patient Global Assessment (PGA)
    End point description
    The PGA allowed the subject to assess his/her medical condition at Visit Day 21 and Visit Day 42 Question to the subject: 'Since I started my participation in this study, my medical condition:...'
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    From Baseline to Day 21 and Day 42
    End point values
    Veltassa® (patiromer) Standard of Care
    Number of subjects analysed
    10
    11
    Units: Subjects
        Day 21 - Has much improved
    0
    0
        Day 21 - Has (moderately) improved
    3
    2
        Day 21 - Has a little improved
    3
    2
        Day 21 - Is unchanged
    3
    7
        Day 21 - Is a little worse
    0
    0
        Day 21 - Is (moderately) worse
    1
    0
        Day 21 - Is much worse
    0
    0
        Day 42 - Has much improved
    2
    0
        Day 42 - Has (moderately) improved
    3
    2
        Day 42 - Has a little improved
    3
    2
        Day 42 - Is unchanged
    2
    6
        Day 42 - Is a little worse
    0
    0
        Day 42 - Is (moderately) worse
    0
    0
        Day 42 - Is much worse
    0
    0
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Change in EQ-5D-5L Questionnaire

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    End point title
    Change in EQ-5D-5L Questionnaire
    End point description
    EQ-5D-5L: European Quality of Life 5-Dimensions 5-Level The EQ-5D-5L index value using the German Value Set ranges from -0.661 (worst health state) to 1 (best health state).
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    From Baseline to Day 21 and Day 42
    End point values
    Veltassa® (patiromer) Standard of Care
    Number of subjects analysed
    10
    11
    Units: Index Value
    arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
        Day 21
    -0.051 ± 0.1266
    -0.015 ± 0.1319
        Day 42
    -0.036 ± 0.0589
    -0.015 ± 0.1279
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Change in NYHA class

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    End point title
    Change in NYHA class
    End point description
    NYHA: New York Heart Association
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    From Baseline to Day 21 and Day 42
    End point values
    Veltassa® (patiromer) Standard of Care
    Number of subjects analysed
    10
    11
    Units: Subjects
        Day 21 - Better
    3
    2
        Day 21 - No Change
    4
    9
        Day 21 - Worse
    3
    0
        Day 42 - Better
    4
    3
        Day 42 - No Change
    3
    8
        Day 42 - Worse
    3
    0
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Change in functional capacity

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    End point title
    Change in functional capacity
    End point description
    SPPB - Short Physical Performance Battery The SPPB measured balance, gait speed, and lower limb strength and endurance (chair stand test). The SPPB Protocol Total Score ranges from 0 points (least performance) to 12 points (best performance).
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    From Baseline to Day 21 and Day 42
    End point values
    Veltassa® (patiromer) Standard of Care
    Number of subjects analysed
    10
    11
    Units: SPPB Total Score
    arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
        Day 21
    -0.4 ± 1.58
    0.5 ± 1.35
        Day 42
    0.0 ± 2.11
    0.5 ± 1.51
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Secondary: Change in eplerenone or spironolactone dosage

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    End point title
    Change in eplerenone or spironolactone dosage
    End point description
    End point type
    Secondary
    End point timeframe
    From Baseline to Follow up visit
    End point values
    Veltassa® (patiromer) Standard of Care
    Number of subjects analysed
    10
    11
    Units: mg/day
    arithmetic mean (standard deviation)
        Day 3
    -1.250 ± 3.9528
    -4.167 ± 10.2062
        Day 7
    -2.500 ± 7.9057
    -8.333 ± 10.2062
        Day 14
    1.250 ± 14.9652
    -5.357 ± 9.8349
        Day 21
    5.000 ± 10.5409
    -5.000 ± 6.8465
        Day 28
    3.750 ± 11.8585
    -8.333 ± 10.2062
        Day 42
    8.333 ± 12.5000
    -10.417 ± 9.4097
        Follow up
    2.778 ± 15.0231
    -10.000 ± 16.2980
    No statistical analyses for this end point

    Adverse events

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    Adverse events information
    Timeframe for reporting adverse events
    From baseline to Follow up visit (Day 49)
    Assessment type
    Systematic
    Dictionary used for adverse event reporting
    Dictionary name
    MedDRA
    Dictionary version
    20.1
    Reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Veltassa® (patiromer)
    Reporting group description
    To manage hyperkalaemia in hyperkalaemic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) subjects treated with eplerenone or spironolactone with patiromer (8.4 g/day, titration according to label)

    Reporting group title
    Standard of Care
    Reporting group description
    To manage hyperkalaemia in hyperkalaemic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) subjects treated with eplerenone or spironolactone with Standard of Care (SOC) (diet, renal K+ elimination, reduction of K+-sparing drugs)

    Serious adverse events
    Veltassa® (patiromer) Standard of Care
    Total subjects affected by serious adverse events
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 10 (10.00%)
    1 / 11 (9.09%)
         number of deaths (all causes)
    0
    0
         number of deaths resulting from adverse events
    0
    0
    Investigations
    Blood potassium increased
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 10 (0.00%)
    1 / 11 (9.09%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Renal and urinary disorders
    Acute kidney injury
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 10 (10.00%)
    0 / 11 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Frequency threshold for reporting non-serious adverse events: 5%
    Non-serious adverse events
    Veltassa® (patiromer) Standard of Care
    Total subjects affected by non serious adverse events
         subjects affected / exposed
    8 / 10 (80.00%)
    6 / 11 (54.55%)
    Investigations
    Blood creatine increased
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 10 (10.00%)
    0 / 11 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    0
    Cardioactive drug level increased
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 10 (10.00%)
    0 / 11 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    0
    Blood potassium increased
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 10 (0.00%)
    1 / 11 (9.09%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    1
    Vascular disorders
    Peripheral arterial occlusive disease
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 10 (10.00%)
    0 / 11 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    0
    General disorders and administration site conditions
    Fatigue
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 10 (20.00%)
    0 / 11 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    0
    Gastrointestinal disorders
    Nausea
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 10 (30.00%)
    0 / 11 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    4
    0
    Constipation
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 10 (20.00%)
    0 / 11 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    0
    Diarrhoea
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 10 (20.00%)
    1 / 11 (9.09%)
         occurrences all number
    3
    1
    Eructation
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 10 (10.00%)
    0 / 11 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    0
    Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
    Cough
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 10 (0.00%)
    1 / 11 (9.09%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    1
    Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders
    Eczema
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 10 (0.00%)
    1 / 11 (9.09%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    1
    Renal and urinary disorders
    Proteinuria
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 10 (10.00%)
    0 / 11 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    0
    Renal failure
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 10 (0.00%)
    1 / 11 (9.09%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    1
    Renal impairment
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 10 (0.00%)
    1 / 11 (9.09%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    1
    Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders
    Arthralgia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 10 (10.00%)
    0 / 11 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    0
    Osteitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 10 (10.00%)
    0 / 11 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    0
    Infections and infestations
    Nasopharyngitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    3 / 10 (30.00%)
    0 / 11 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    3
    0
    Urinary tract infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 10 (10.00%)
    0 / 11 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    0
    Bronchitis
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 10 (0.00%)
    1 / 11 (9.09%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    1
    Gastrointestinal infection
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 10 (0.00%)
    1 / 11 (9.09%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    1
    Metabolism and nutrition disorders
    Decreased appetite
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 10 (10.00%)
    0 / 11 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    0
    Hyperkalaemia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 10 (10.00%)
    1 / 11 (9.09%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    1
    Hyperuricaemia
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 10 (0.00%)
    1 / 11 (9.09%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    1

    More information

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    Substantial protocol amendments (globally)

    Were there any global substantial amendments to the protocol? Yes
    Date
    Amendment
    06 Nov 2017
    Version 2.0/Amendment 1 - Changes requested from Ethics committee and BfArM; addition of exclusion criteria; source of pregnancy test; various administrative edits.
    06 Feb 2018
    Version 3.0/Amendment 2 - Addition to prohibited therapy; clarification to urine parameters; RAC introduction; updated appendices; various administrative edits.
    20 Aug 2018
    Version 4.0/Amendment 3 - Clarification of target number of patients; initial treatment day change; change in inclusion and exclusion criteria; removal of certain prohibited medications

    Interruptions (globally)

    Were there any global interruptions to the trial? No

    Limitations and caveats

    Limitations of the trial such as small numbers of subjects analysed or technical problems leading to unreliable data.
    None reported
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    The status and protocol content of GB trials is no longer updated since 1 January 2021. For the UK, as of 31 January 2021, EU Law applies only to the territory of Northern Ireland (NI) to the extent foreseen in the Protocol on Ireland/NI. Legal notice
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