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    Clinical Trial Results:
    Treat_CCM Clinical Trial. A multicenter randomized clinical trial on Propranolol in familial Cerebral Cavernous Malformation

    Summary
    EudraCT number
    2017-003595-30
    Trial protocol
    IT  
    Global end of trial date
    31 Dec 2021

    Results information
    Results version number
    v1(current)
    This version publication date
    21 Dec 2022
    First version publication date
    21 Dec 2022
    Other versions
    Summary report(s)
    SUMMARY

    Trial information

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    Trial identification
    Sponsor protocol code
    IRFMN-7358
    Additional study identifiers
    ISRCTN number
    -
    US NCT number
    -
    WHO universal trial number (UTN)
    -
    Sponsors
    Sponsor organisation name
    IFOM
    Sponsor organisation address
    Via Adamello 16, Milan, Italy, 20139
    Public contact
    DIPARTIMENTO DI MEDICINA CARDIOVASCOLARE, IRCCS ISTITUTO DI RICERCHE FARMACOLOGICHE MARIO NEGRI, roberto.latini@marionegri.it
    Scientific contact
    DIPARTIMENTO DI MEDICINA CARDIOVASCOLARE, IRCCS ISTITUTO DI RICERCHE FARMACOLOGICHE MARIO NEGRI, roberto.latini@marionegri.it
    Paediatric regulatory details
    Is trial part of an agreed paediatric investigation plan (PIP)
    No
    Does article 45 of REGULATION (EC) No 1901/2006 apply to this trial?
    No
    Does article 46 of REGULATION (EC) No 1901/2006 apply to this trial?
    No
    Results analysis stage
    Analysis stage
    Final
    Date of interim/final analysis
    02 May 2022
    Is this the analysis of the primary completion data?
    Yes
    Primary completion date
    31 Dec 2021
    Global end of trial reached?
    Yes
    Global end of trial date
    31 Dec 2021
    Was the trial ended prematurely?
    No
    General information about the trial
    Main objective of the trial
    Test whether a chronic treatment with propranolol will reduce the burden of cerebrovascular lesions, of clinical events and symptoms in patients with familial CCM.
    Protection of trial subjects
    DSMB convened every 6 months to assess events, patient reported side effects and patient ECG to safeguard the patient's safety.
    Background therapy
    -
    Evidence for comparator
    -
    Actual start date of recruitment
    01 Mar 2018
    Long term follow-up planned
    No
    Independent data monitoring committee (IDMC) involvement?
    Yes
    Population of trial subjects
    Number of subjects enrolled per country
    Country: Number of subjects enrolled
    Italy: 83
    Worldwide total number of subjects
    83
    EEA total number of subjects
    83
    Number of subjects enrolled per age group
    In utero
    0
    Preterm newborn - gestational age < 37 wk
    0
    Newborns (0-27 days)
    0
    Infants and toddlers (28 days-23 months)
    0
    Children (2-11 years)
    0
    Adolescents (12-17 years)
    0
    Adults (18-64 years)
    72
    From 65 to 84 years
    11
    85 years and over
    0

    Subject disposition

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    Recruitment
    Recruitment details
    Patients were recruited in 6 Italian centers: Policlinico Milano, Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta Milano, Ospedale Niguarda Milano, Policlinico Gemelli Roma, Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza San Giovanni Rotondo, Ospedale Bonino Pulejo Messina.

    Pre-assignment
    Screening details
    In total, 95 patients were screened. Of these 4 met excluded criteria and 8 declined participation. Therefore, 83 patients were randomized into the trial.

    Pre-assignment period milestones
    Number of subjects started
    83
    Number of subjects completed
    83

    Period 1
    Period 1 title
    Overall trial (overall period)
    Is this the baseline period?
    Yes
    Allocation method
    Randomised - controlled
    Blinding used
    Not blinded
    Blinding implementation details
    Not blinded

    Arms
    Are arms mutually exclusive
    Yes

    Arm title
    Propranolol
    Arm description
    one group received propranolol (recommended initial dose is 40 mg bid, to be uptitrated to 80 mg bid, however, doses as low as 10 mg bid and up to 160 mg bid, 20 to 320mg daily, are acceptable according to tolerability) on the top of recommended standard care.
    Arm type
    Experimental

    Investigational medicinal product name
    propranol
    Investigational medicinal product code
    Other name
    Pharmaceutical forms
    Tablet
    Routes of administration
    Oral use
    Dosage and administration details
    Initial oral dose 40 mg bid, uptitrated to 80mg bid doses as low as 10 mg bid and up to 160 mg bid, 20 to 320mg daily, are acceptable according to tolerability.

    Arm title
    Standard of care
    Arm description
    Standard of care
    Arm type
    No intervention

    Investigational medicinal product name
    No investigational medicinal product assigned in this arm
    Number of subjects in period 1
    Propranolol Standard of care
    Started
    57
    26
    Completed
    54
    26
    Not completed
    3
    0
         side effects: 2 hypotension & 1 weakness
    3
    -

    Baseline characteristics

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    Baseline characteristics reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Propranolol
    Reporting group description
    one group received propranolol (recommended initial dose is 40 mg bid, to be uptitrated to 80 mg bid, however, doses as low as 10 mg bid and up to 160 mg bid, 20 to 320mg daily, are acceptable according to tolerability) on the top of recommended standard care.

    Reporting group title
    Standard of care
    Reporting group description
    Standard of care

    Reporting group values
    Propranolol Standard of care Total
    Number of subjects
    57 26 83
    Age categorical
    Categorical breakdown of age for patients included in trial
    Units: Subjects
        Adults (18-64 years)
    52 20 72
        From 65-84 years
    5 6 11
    Gender categorical
    Units: Subjects
        Female
    34 14 48
        Male
    23 12 35

    End points

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    End points reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Propranolol
    Reporting group description
    one group received propranolol (recommended initial dose is 40 mg bid, to be uptitrated to 80 mg bid, however, doses as low as 10 mg bid and up to 160 mg bid, 20 to 320mg daily, are acceptable according to tolerability) on the top of recommended standard care.

    Reporting group title
    Standard of care
    Reporting group description
    Standard of care

    Primary: The occurrence of new clinically symptomatic intra-cerebral haemorrhage or focal neurological deficit attributable to CCM over 24 months

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    End point title
    The occurrence of new clinically symptomatic intra-cerebral haemorrhage or focal neurological deficit attributable to CCM over 24 months
    End point description
    The primary outcome was the occurrence of new clinically symptomatic intra-cerebral haemorrhage or focal neurological deficit attributable to CCM over 24 months.
    End point type
    Primary
    End point timeframe
    24 MONTHS
    End point values
    Propranolol Standard of care
    Number of subjects analysed
    57 [1]
    26 [2]
    Units: EVENTS
    2
    2
    Notes
    [1] - Propranolol
    [2] - Standard care
    Statistical analysis title
    Primary endpoint
    Statistical analysis description
    If the 80% CI did not include 1·0 (equivalence), the results would be considered as showing a signal of efficacy.
    Comparison groups
    Propranolol v Standard of care
    Number of subjects included in analysis
    83
    Analysis specification
    Pre-specified
    Analysis type
    other [3]
    P-value
    < 0.05 [4]
    Method
    Regression, Cox
    Parameter type
    Hazard ratio (HR)
    Point estimate
    0.43
    Confidence interval
         level
    80%
         sides
    2-sided
         lower limit
    0.18
         upper limit
    0.98
    Variability estimate
    Standard error of the mean
    Notes
    [3] - If the 80% CI did not include 1·0 (equivalence), the results would be considered as showing a signal of efficacy.
    [4] - The primary endpoint occurred in 4% in propranolol (incidence 1·7 cases [95% CI 1·4–2·0] per 100 person-years) and 8% in standard care group (3·9 [3·1–4·7] per 100 person-years); univariable HR 0·43 [80% CI 0·18–0·98];

    Adverse events

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    Adverse events information
    Timeframe for reporting adverse events
    Adverse events during the course of 24 months follow-up.
    Adverse event reporting additional description
    Collected by the treating physician in eCRF
    Assessment type
    Systematic
    Dictionary used for adverse event reporting
    Dictionary name
    MedDRA
    Dictionary version
    24
    Reporting groups
    Reporting group title
    Propranolol
    Reporting group description
    patients randomized to propranolol

    Reporting group title
    standard care
    Reporting group description
    patients randomized to standard care

    Serious adverse events
    Propranolol standard care
    Total subjects affected by serious adverse events
         subjects affected / exposed
    7 / 57 (12.28%)
    4 / 26 (15.38%)
         number of deaths (all causes)
    0
    1
         number of deaths resulting from adverse events
    0
    0
    Injury, poisoning and procedural complications
    Subarachnoid haemorrhage
    Additional description: POST-TRAUMATIC
    alternative assessment type: Non-systematic
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 57 (1.75%)
    0 / 26 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Cardiac disorders
    Myocardial infarction
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 57 (1.75%)
    0 / 26 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Nervous system disorders
    Epilepsy
    alternative assessment type: Non-systematic
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 57 (3.51%)
    1 / 26 (3.85%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 2
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Haemorrhage
    Additional description: Spinal haemorraghe
    alternative assessment type: Non-systematic
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 57 (0.00%)
    1 / 26 (3.85%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    intra cerebral hemorraghe
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 57 (1.75%)
    0 / 26 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Eye disorders
    Diplopia
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 57 (1.75%)
    0 / 26 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders
    10034907
    Additional description: PHLEGMON
    alternative assessment type: Non-systematic
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 57 (1.75%)
    0 / 26 (0.00%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 1
    0 / 0
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Infections and infestations
    Sepsis
    Additional description: one patient
    alternative assessment type: Non-systematic
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 57 (0.00%)
    1 / 26 (3.85%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
    Endocarditis
    alternative assessment type: Non-systematic
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 57 (0.00%)
    1 / 26 (3.85%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Metabolism and nutrition disorders
    Hyponatraemia
    Additional description: Iatrogenic hyponatraemia
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 57 (0.00%)
    1 / 26 (3.85%)
         occurrences causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 1
         deaths causally related to treatment / all
    0 / 0
    0 / 0
    Frequency threshold for reporting non-serious adverse events: 1%
    Non-serious adverse events
    Propranolol standard care
    Total subjects affected by non serious adverse events
         subjects affected / exposed
    11 / 57 (19.30%)
    1 / 26 (3.85%)
    Cardiac disorders
    Tachycardia
    alternative assessment type: Non-systematic
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 57 (1.75%)
    0 / 26 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    0
    Atrial fibrillation
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 57 (1.75%)
    0 / 26 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    0
    Nervous system disorders
    Headache
         subjects affected / exposed
    4 / 57 (7.02%)
    0 / 26 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    4
    0
    Paraesthesia
         subjects affected / exposed
    2 / 57 (3.51%)
    0 / 26 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    2
    0
    Eye disorders
    10047555
    Additional description: SCOTOMA
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 57 (1.75%)
    0 / 26 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    0
    Reproductive system and breast disorders
    Squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix
         subjects affected / exposed
    0 / 57 (0.00%)
    1 / 26 (3.85%)
         occurrences all number
    0
    1
    Renal and urinary disorders
    Kidney congestion
    Additional description: KIDNEY STONE
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 57 (1.75%)
    0 / 26 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    0
    Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders
    Fracture
    Additional description: TIBIA
         subjects affected / exposed
    1 / 57 (1.75%)
    0 / 26 (0.00%)
         occurrences all number
    1
    0

    More information

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    Substantial protocol amendments (globally)

    Were there any global substantial amendments to the protocol? Yes
    Date
    Amendment
    17 Jun 2018
    La richiesta di ES riguarda la partecipazione / apertura di 1 nuovo centro per la sperimentazione Treat_CCM IRCCS CASA SOLLIEVO DELLA SOFFERENZA DIVISIONE DI GENETICA MEDICA UOC REFERENTE: DOTT. MARCO CASTORI e-mail: m.castori@operapadrepio.it
    30 Nov 2018
    Modifiche sulla composizione: Steering Committee, Data Safety & Monitoring Board, Clinical Event Committee Dopo varie verifiche si segnala la nuova composizione. • Dosaggio farmaco in studio, propranololo La decisione di allargare l’intervallo del dosaggio del farmaco in studio (propranolo) è fondata sulle segnalazioni da parte dei diversi clinici che hanno dovuto ridurre i dosaggi rispetto a quelli prestabiliti causa ipotensione e/o bradicardia marcata. L’inclusione del dosaggio più alto (160 mg ogni 12 ore), in pazienti che lo tollerano è motivata dalla necessità di utilizzare la dose massima tollerata in una patologia di cui non si conoscono esattamente i meccanismi (Ved. RCP del farmaco Inderal). • Inclusione della raccolta Microbioma Sono stati recentemente scoperte delle relazioni tra presenza di alcuni ceppi batterici nell’intestino e rischio di sanguinamento degli angiomi cerebrali (Tang AT et al, Nature, 2017). A tal proposito abbiamo incluso la raccolta delle feci a 0,12 e 24 mesi per analizzare il microbioma. Per ottenere il consenso alla raccolta delle feci dai pazienti già inclusi nello studio, è stato predisposto un Foglio Informativo e Modulo di Consenso per la raccolta dei campioni dello Studio Microbioma (vedi allegato 7) • Modifica dell’endpoint primario: crisi convulsive Insorgenza di nuove crisi comiziali nel corso dello studio puo’ essere dovuta non solo ad un aggravamento della malattia (sanguinamento di un angioma) ma anche da un’ insufficiente copertura con farmaci anticonvulsivanti, assunti da circa la metà dei pazienti finora inclusi nello studio. Pertanto, vista la possibile ambiguità nell’interpretazione nelle nuove crisi comiziali, queste vengono spostate dall’endpoint primario all’endpoint secondario. • Analisi statistica La sezione statistica è stata ampiamente ridotta rendendola più chiara, anche se non è stato alterato il disegno. • Tempistiche studio Le Tempistiche sono state aggiornate in base all’effettivo
    10 Dec 2019
     Modifica Time Scale La durata della randomizzazione è stata estesa dai 12 mesi previsti a 19 mesi, per permettere di includere nello studio un maggior numero di pazienti in modo da soddisfare le richieste che ci provenivano da tutta Italia. L'ultimo paziente è stato incluso 4/12/2019 presso il centro di San Giovanni Rotondo: di conseguenza la fine del follow-up è prevista per dicembre 2021.  Aggiunta referenza E’ stata aggiunta una referenza recente rilevante per la comprensione della patologia in esame (Malinverno M, Maderna C, Abu Taha A, et al. Endothelial cell clonal expansion in the development of cerebral cavernous malformations. Nat Commun. 2019;10(1):2761. Published 2019 Jun 24. doi:10.1038/s41467-019-10707-x)  Aggiunta paragrafo Background and rationale E’ stato aggiunto un paragrafo sulla importanza di studiare il microbioma nei pazienti con CCM, basandoci sulla evidenza sperimentale pubblicata da Tang et al, 2017 (Tang AT, Choi JP, Kotzin JJ, Yang Y, Hong CC, Hobson N, Girard R, Zeineddine HA, Lightle R, Moore T, Cao Y, Shenkar R, Chen M, Mericko P, Yang J, Li L, Tanes C, Kobuley D, Võsa U, Whitehead KJ, Li DY, Franke L, Hart B, Schwaninger M, Henao-Mejia J, Morrison L, Kim H, Awad IA, Zheng X, Kahn ML. Endothelial TLR4 and the microbiome drive cerebral cavernous malformations. 2017 Nature 18;545(7654):305-310  Questionari E’ stato aggiunto un paragrafo in cui vengono descritti i questionari sullo stato di salute (SF-36) depressione (Beck Depression Inventory – BDI) e ansia (STAI X-1, STAI X-2), che vengono somministrati ai pazienti all’ingresso, 12, 24 mesi. Ai soggetti che aderiranno allo studio del microbioma verrà anche richiesta la compilazione di un questionario sulle abitudine alimentari.
    26 Jun 2020
     CAMBIO PROMOTORE In ottemperanza alla richiesta dell’Ufficio Ricerca Indipendente AIFA, il Promotore è diventato IFOM, mentre il Mario Negri coordina il trial come CRO  STUDIO OSSERVAZIONALE Lo studio Treat_CCM, di cui il primo paziente è stato arruolato in aprile 2018, è basato su una collaborazione del Promotore, IFOM, con il Mario Negri, che coordina i 6 centri neurologici italiani. La inclusione dei 71 pazienti si è conclusa nel dicembre 2019. Attualmente i primi pazienti stanno concludendo il follow-up di 2 anni, previsto dal protocollo; l’ultimo paziente concluderà il follow-up nel dicembre 2021. Considerata la difficoltà di costituire un campione ben selezionato di pazienti affetti da una rara come i cavernomi cerebrali familiari (CCM), in accordo con i Responsabili delle 6 Unità Operative, si vuole offrire ai pazienti la possibilità di continuare a essere seguiti, ciascuno nei rispettivi centri di riferimento. Lo studio osservazionale avrà una durata variabile fino a un massimo di 18 mesi. In questo modo si otterranno dati sia clinici che di imaging e biochimici in un arco di tempo prolungato, non disponibili ad oggi in letteratura. Alla fine di questo studio osservazionale verranno valutati i risultati e si deciderà se passare alla seconda fase, prevista dal protocollo (Protocol version 4.0, pag. 22), uno studio di Fase 2 a singolo braccio con propranololo.  TIME SCALE 19 mesi è il tempo richiesto per includere gli 83 pazienti. Questo fa si che la durata totale dello studio clinico dal primo paziente incluso all’ultima visita dell’ultimo paziente è di 43 mesi. Mentre la durata dell’intero progetto, comprensiva di 3 mesi emergenza COVID, analisi dati dello studio osservazionale e del trial, sarà di 48 mesi.

    Interruptions (globally)

    Were there any global interruptions to the trial? No

    Limitations and caveats

    Limitations of the trial such as small numbers of subjects analysed or technical problems leading to unreliable data.
    This study has some limitations. First, Treat_CCM recruited more than its target sample size. The Steering Committee decided to include as many patients as possible within the 18-month inclusion period, given the expected low incidence of endpoint cl

    Online references

    http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36403580
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