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    Summary
    EudraCT Number:2018-001187-33
    Sponsor's Protocol Code Number:APD811-301
    National Competent Authority:Italy - Italian Medicines Agency
    Clinical Trial Type:EEA CTA
    Trial Status:Ongoing
    Date on which this record was first entered in the EudraCT database:2019-04-10
    Trial results
    Index
    A. PROTOCOL INFORMATION
    B. SPONSOR INFORMATION
    C. APPLICANT IDENTIFICATION
    D. IMP IDENTIFICATION
    D.8 INFORMATION ON PLACEBO
    E. GENERAL INFORMATION ON THE TRIAL
    F. POPULATION OF TRIAL SUBJECTS
    G. INVESTIGATOR NETWORKS TO BE INVOLVED IN THE TRIAL
    N. REVIEW BY THE COMPETENT AUTHORITY OR ETHICS COMMITTEE IN THE COUNTRY CONCERNED
    P. END OF TRIAL
    Expand All   Collapse All
    A. Protocol Information
    A.1Member State ConcernedItaly - Italian Medicines Agency
    A.2EudraCT number2018-001187-33
    A.3Full title of the trial
    A StuDy eVAluatiNg the EffiCacy and Safety of RalinEpag To Improve Treatment OUTCOMES in PAH Patients
    Studio di valutazione dell’efficacia e della sicurezza di ralinepag nel migliorare gli
    esiti del trattamento nei pazienti con IAP (ADVANCE-outcomes)
    A.3.1Title of the trial for lay people, in easily understood, i.e. non-technical, language
    A study evaluating the efficacy and safety of ralinepag in treatment of patients with pulmonary hypertension.
    Studio di valutazione dell’efficacia e della sicurezza di ralinepag nel trattamento di
    pazienti con ipertensione polmonare.
    A.3.2Name or abbreviated title of the trial where available
    ADVANCE-outcomes
    ADVANCE-outcomes
    A.4.1Sponsor's protocol code numberAPD811-301
    A.5.4Other Identifiers
    Name:IND NumberNumber:109021
    A.7Trial is part of a Paediatric Investigation Plan No
    A.8EMA Decision number of Paediatric Investigation Plan
    B. Sponsor Information
    B.Sponsor: 1
    B.1.1Name of SponsorArena Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
    B.1.3.4CountryUnited States
    B.3.1 and B.3.2Status of the sponsorCommercial
    B.4 Source(s) of Monetary or Material Support for the clinical trial:
    B.4.1Name of organisation providing supportArena Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
    B.4.2CountryUnited States
    B.5 Contact point designated by the sponsor for further information on the trial
    B.5.1Name of organisationArena Pharmaceuticals Inc.
    B.5.2Functional name of contact pointSonia Villegas
    B.5.3 Address:
    B.5.3.1Street Address6154 Nancy Ridge Drive
    B.5.3.2Town/ citySan Diego
    B.5.3.3Post codeCA 92121
    B.5.3.4CountryUnited States
    B.5.4Telephone number+1858-529-2475
    B.5.6E-mailsvillegas@arenapharm.com
    D. IMP Identification
    D.IMP: 1
    D.1.2 and D.1.3IMP RoleTest
    D.2 Status of the IMP to be used in the clinical trial
    D.2.1IMP to be used in the trial has a marketing authorisation No
    D.2.5The IMP has been designated in this indication as an orphan drug in the Community No
    D.2.5.1Orphan drug designation number
    D.3 Description of the IMP
    D.3.1Product nameRalinepag
    D.3.2Product code APD811
    D.3.4Pharmaceutical form Film-coated tablet
    D.3.4.1Specific paediatric formulation No
    D.3.7Routes of administration for this IMPOral use
    D.3.8 to D.3.10 IMP Identification Details (Active Substances)
    D.3.8INN - Proposed INNralinepag
    D.3.9.1CAS number 1187856-49-0
    D.3.9.2Current sponsor codeAPD811
    D.3.9.3Other descriptive nameNA
    D.3.10 Strength
    D.3.10.1Concentration unit µg microgram(s)
    D.3.10.2Concentration typeequal
    D.3.10.3Concentration number50
    D.3.11 The IMP contains an:
    D.3.11.1Active substance of chemical origin Yes
    D.3.11.2Active substance of biological/ biotechnological origin (other than Advanced Therapy IMP (ATIMP) No
    The IMP is a:
    D.3.11.3Advanced Therapy IMP (ATIMP) No
    D.3.11.3.1Somatic cell therapy medicinal product No
    D.3.11.3.2Gene therapy medical product No
    D.3.11.3.3Tissue Engineered Product No
    D.3.11.3.4Combination ATIMP (i.e. one involving a medical device) No
    D.3.11.3.5Committee on Advanced therapies (CAT) has issued a classification for this product No
    D.3.11.4Combination product that includes a device, but does not involve an Advanced Therapy No
    D.3.11.5Radiopharmaceutical medicinal product No
    D.3.11.6Immunological medicinal product (such as vaccine, allergen, immune serum) No
    D.3.11.7Plasma derived medicinal product No
    D.3.11.8Extractive medicinal product No
    D.3.11.9Recombinant medicinal product No
    D.3.11.10Medicinal product containing genetically modified organisms No
    D.3.11.11Herbal medicinal product No
    D.3.11.12Homeopathic medicinal product No
    D.3.11.13Another type of medicinal product No
    D.IMP: 2
    D.1.2 and D.1.3IMP RoleTest
    D.2 Status of the IMP to be used in the clinical trial
    D.2.1IMP to be used in the trial has a marketing authorisation No
    D.2.5The IMP has been designated in this indication as an orphan drug in the Community No
    D.2.5.1Orphan drug designation number
    D.3 Description of the IMP
    D.3.1Product nameRalinepag
    D.3.2Product code APD811
    D.3.4Pharmaceutical form Film-coated tablet
    D.3.4.1Specific paediatric formulation No
    D.3.7Routes of administration for this IMPOral use
    D.3.8 to D.3.10 IMP Identification Details (Active Substances)
    D.3.8INN - Proposed INNralinepag
    D.3.9.1CAS number 1187856-49-0
    D.3.9.2Current sponsor codeAPD811
    D.3.9.3Other descriptive nameNA
    D.3.10 Strength
    D.3.10.1Concentration unit µg microgram(s)
    D.3.10.2Concentration typeequal
    D.3.10.3Concentration number250
    D.3.11 The IMP contains an:
    D.3.11.1Active substance of chemical origin Yes
    D.3.11.2Active substance of biological/ biotechnological origin (other than Advanced Therapy IMP (ATIMP) No
    The IMP is a:
    D.3.11.3Advanced Therapy IMP (ATIMP) No
    D.3.11.3.1Somatic cell therapy medicinal product No
    D.3.11.3.2Gene therapy medical product No
    D.3.11.3.3Tissue Engineered Product No
    D.3.11.3.4Combination ATIMP (i.e. one involving a medical device) No
    D.3.11.3.5Committee on Advanced therapies (CAT) has issued a classification for this product No
    D.3.11.4Combination product that includes a device, but does not involve an Advanced Therapy No
    D.3.11.5Radiopharmaceutical medicinal product No
    D.3.11.6Immunological medicinal product (such as vaccine, allergen, immune serum) No
    D.3.11.7Plasma derived medicinal product No
    D.3.11.8Extractive medicinal product No
    D.3.11.9Recombinant medicinal product No
    D.3.11.10Medicinal product containing genetically modified organisms No
    D.3.11.11Herbal medicinal product No
    D.3.11.12Homeopathic medicinal product No
    D.3.11.13Another type of medicinal product No
    D.IMP: 3
    D.1.2 and D.1.3IMP RoleTest
    D.2 Status of the IMP to be used in the clinical trial
    D.2.1IMP to be used in the trial has a marketing authorisation No
    D.2.5The IMP has been designated in this indication as an orphan drug in the Community No
    D.2.5.1Orphan drug designation number
    D.3 Description of the IMP
    D.3.1Product nameRalinepag
    D.3.2Product code APD811
    D.3.4Pharmaceutical form Film-coated tablet
    D.3.4.1Specific paediatric formulation No
    D.3.7Routes of administration for this IMPOral use
    D.3.8 to D.3.10 IMP Identification Details (Active Substances)
    D.3.8INN - Proposed INNralinepag
    D.3.9.1CAS number 1187856-49-0
    D.3.9.2Current sponsor codeAPD811
    D.3.9.3Other descriptive nameNA
    D.3.10 Strength
    D.3.10.1Concentration unit µg microgram(s)
    D.3.10.2Concentration typeequal
    D.3.10.3Concentration number400
    D.3.11 The IMP contains an:
    D.3.11.1Active substance of chemical origin Yes
    D.3.11.2Active substance of biological/ biotechnological origin (other than Advanced Therapy IMP (ATIMP) No
    The IMP is a:
    D.3.11.3Advanced Therapy IMP (ATIMP) No
    D.3.11.3.1Somatic cell therapy medicinal product No
    D.3.11.3.2Gene therapy medical product No
    D.3.11.3.3Tissue Engineered Product No
    D.3.11.3.4Combination ATIMP (i.e. one involving a medical device) No
    D.3.11.3.5Committee on Advanced therapies (CAT) has issued a classification for this product No
    D.3.11.4Combination product that includes a device, but does not involve an Advanced Therapy No
    D.3.11.5Radiopharmaceutical medicinal product No
    D.3.11.6Immunological medicinal product (such as vaccine, allergen, immune serum) No
    D.3.11.7Plasma derived medicinal product No
    D.3.11.8Extractive medicinal product No
    D.3.11.9Recombinant medicinal product No
    D.3.11.10Medicinal product containing genetically modified organisms No
    D.3.11.11Herbal medicinal product No
    D.3.11.12Homeopathic medicinal product No
    D.3.11.13Another type of medicinal product No
    D.8 Information on Placebo
    D.8 Placebo: 1
    D.8.1Is a Placebo used in this Trial?Yes
    D.8.3Pharmaceutical form of the placeboFilm-coated tablet
    D.8.4Route of administration of the placeboOral use
    E. General Information on the Trial
    E.1 Medical condition or disease under investigation
    E.1.1Medical condition(s) being investigated
    pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH)
    ipertensione arteriosa polmonare (IAP)
    E.1.1.1Medical condition in easily understood language
    high lung blood pressure
    pressione sanguigna polmonare alta
    E.1.1.2Therapeutic area Diseases [C] - Cardiovascular Diseases [C14]
    MedDRA Classification
    E.1.2 Medical condition or disease under investigation
    E.1.2Version 20.0
    E.1.2Level LLT
    E.1.2Classification code 10077731
    E.1.2Term Pulmonary hypertension WHO functional class I
    E.1.2System Organ Class 100000004855
    E.1.3Condition being studied is a rare disease No
    E.2 Objective of the trial
    E.2.1Main objective of the trial
    The primary objective of this study is:
    To compare the effect of ralinepag versus placebo in subjects with standard of care or PAH-specific background therapy on disease progression and achievement of a satisfactory clinical response in subjects with WHO Group 1 PAH.
    Obiettivo primario di questo studio è:
    Confrontare l’effetto di ralinepag rispetto al placebo nei soggetti che ricevono lo
    standard di cura o la terapia di base specifica per l’IAP sulla progressione della
    malattia e sul raggiungimento di una risposta clinica soddisfacente nei soggetti con
    IAP di Gruppo 1 secondo l’OMS
    E.2.2Secondary objectives of the trial
    The secondary objectives of the study are:
    1) To evaluate the effects of ralinepag on the following parameters:
    • N-terminal pro b-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP)
    • 6 minute walk distance (6MWD)
    • WHO/ New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class
    • Time to all-cause hospitalization
    • Time to all-cause mortality
    • Heart rate recovery (HRR) following completion of the 6-minute walk test (6MWT)
    • Proportion of subjects who attain all three of the following (at specified time points):
    o NT-proBNP <300 pg/mL
    o 6MWD >440 meters
    o WHO/NYHA functional class II status or better

    • Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) measures
    2) To assess ongoing safety and tolerability of ralinepag when added to standard of care or PAH-specific background therapy.
    Gli obiettivi secondari dello studio sono:
    1) Valutare gli effetti di ralinepag sui seguenti parametri:
    • Peptide natriuretico pro-tipo B N-terminale (NT-proBNP)
    • Distanza percorsa camminando per 6 minuti (6MWD)
    • Classe funzionale dell’OMS/della New York Heart Association (NYHA)
    • Tempo al ricovero per qualsiasi causa
    • Tempo al decesso per qualsiasi causa
    • Recupero del battito cardiaco (HRR) dopo il completamento del test del
    cammino di 6 minuti (6MWT)
    • Proporzione di soggetti che raggiungono tutti e tre i seguenti parametri:
    o NT-proBNP <300 pg/ml
    o 6MWD >440 metri
    o Stato di classe funzionale II o migliore secondo l’OMS/la NYHA
    • Misure della qualità della vita correlata alla salute (HRQoL)
    2) Valutare costantemente la sicurezza e la tollerabilità di ralinepag quando
    aggiunto allo standard di cura o alla terapia di base per l’IAP
    E.2.3Trial contains a sub-study Yes
    E.2.3.1Full title, date and version of each sub-study and their related objectives
    1. Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging (cMRI) Substudy:
    An MRI substudy to assess the change in right ventricular size and function is planned at selected sites. A substudy to evaluate the effect of ralinepag by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (cMRI) will be performed at selected sites to evaluate functional changes in the right heart (i.e. enhanced volume and pressure measurements by visualization and direct measurement of anatomical and
    cMRI-derived parameters, such as right ventricular (RV) volumes and ejection fraction. This substudy will be performed as in a separate protocol and cMRI manual.
    2. Proteomics, Metabolomics, and Gene Expression Substudy:
    A substudy to evaluate the effect of ralinepag on proteomics and gene expression is planned at selected sites.
    For subjects who agree to participate in the Proteomics, Metabolomics, and Gene expression substudy, blood samples will be collected at randomization and at end of study. Comparing
    treatment responses and treatment-related change in proteomics, metabolomics, and gene expression may reveal important information with regard to: 1) the pathophysiology and natural history of PAH, 2) treatment response and effect of treatment on proteomics, and 3) ralinepag mechanism of action.
    1. Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging (cMRI) Substudy
    Attualmente questo sottostudio non si applica all'Italia. Se l'Italia sarà selezionata per partecipare al sottostudio, sarà presentata relativa documentazione come emendamento.
    Presso centri selezionati è previsto un sottostudio di risonanza magnetica (RM) per valutare variazioni nella dimensione e nella funzione del ventricolo destro.
    Un sottostudio per valutare l'effetto del ralinepag mediante imaging a risonanza
    magnetica cardiaca (cMRI) verrà eseguito in siti selezionati per valutare i cambiamenti funzionali nel cuore destro (ad esempio misure avanzate di volume e pressione mediante visualizzazione e misurazione diretta di parametri anatomici e derivati da cMRI, come i volumi del ventricolo destro (RV) e la frazione di eiezione, questo sottostudio sarà eseguito come in un manuale separato di protocollo e cMRI.
    2. Sottostudio di Proteomica, metabolomica e analisi di espressione genica
    Presso centri selezionati è previsto un sottostudio volto a valutare l’effetto di
    ralinepag sulla proteomica, metabolomica e sull’espressione genica. Per i soggetti
    che accettano di partecipare al sottostudio di Proteomica, metabolomica e analisi
    di espressione genica, i campioni di sangue saranno raccolti alla randomizzazione e alla fine dello studio. Confrontando risposte al trattamento e cambiamenti in
    proteomica, metabolomica e espressione genica correlati alla terapia, possono
    rivelare informazioni importanti in merito a: 1) patofisiologia e storia naturale
    dei PAH, 2) risposta al trattamento ed effetto del trattamento sulla proteomica e
    3) meccanismo d'azione di ralinepag.
    E.3Principal inclusion criteria
    Each subject must meet ALL of the following inclusion criteria to be eligible for enrollment into the study:
    1. Males or females aged 18-75 years, inclusive.
    2. Evidence of a personally signed and dated informed consent document indicating that the subject has been informed of all pertinent aspects of the study prior to initiation of any study-related procedures.
    3. Subjects who are willing and able to comply with scheduled visits, treatment plan, laboratory tests, and other study procedures.
    4. Diagnosis of symptomatic WHO Group 1 PAH classified by one of the following subgroups:
    a. Idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH);
    b. Heritable pulmonary arterial hypertension (HPAH);
    c. Drugs and toxins induced based on prior exposure to legal drugs, chemicals, and toxins, such as fenfluramine derivatives, other anorexigens, toxic rapeseed oil, or L-tryptophan. A subject with PAH associated with illegal drug use, such as methamphetamine, may be included if the subject has been abstinent and under the care of the investigator for at least 1 year immediately before Screening, with at least 2 negative urine drug screening examinations performed and available for review.
    d. PAH associated with: Connective tissue disease (CTD), HIV infection, Congenital systemic-pulmonary shunt (must have undergone surgical correction at least 1 year prior to Screening).
    5. Has had a right heart catheterization (RHC) performed at or within 365 days of Screening (RHC will be performed during Screening if not available) that is consistent with the diagnosis of PAH, meeting all of the following criteria:
    a. Mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) ≥25 mmHg (at rest)
    b. PCWP ≤15 mmHg
    c. PVR >3.00 Wood units or >240 dynes/sec/cm5.
    6. Has WHO/NYHA functional class II to IV symptoms.
    7. If on PAH-specific background therapy, subject is on stable therapy with either an endothelin receptor antagonist (ERA) and/or an agent acting on the nitric oxide (NO) pathway, a phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitor or a soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) stimulator. Subjects may be naïve to PAH-specific treatments.
    a. Stable is defined as no change in dose or regimen within 90 days of Screening and for the duration of the study.
    b. Subjects may be on 1 agent active in the NO pathway, i.e., either a PDE5 inhibitor or an sGC at stable dose (but not both).
    c. If the subject’s disease-specific PAH therapy does not include a PDE-5 inhibitor, the use of PDE-5i as needed for erectile dysfunction (ED) is permitted as long as the subject has not taken a dose within 48-hours of any Baseline or study related efficacy assessment. In addition, the subject must not take more than 8 sildenafil tablets, 6 vardenafil, or 4 tadalafil tablets per month for ED.
    8. Has a 6MWD of ≥50 meters on two consecutive tests, within 15% of each other, preferably performed on different days during Screening.
    9. If the subject is taking the following concomitant medications that may affect PAH, the subject must be on a stable dose for at least 30 days prior to the start of Screening and the dosage maintained throughout the study.
    a. Calcium channel blockers, digoxin, or L-arginine supplementation;
    b. If the subject is taking anticoagulants, anticoagulation status must be maintained/stable in the therapeutic range for at least 30 days prior to the start of Screening.
    10. Both male and female subjects agree to use a highly effective method of birth control medically acceptable method of contraception throughout the entire study period from informed consent through the Follow-up Visit, if the possibility of conception exists. Eligible male and female subjects must also agree not to participate in a conception process (i.e., actively attempt to become pregnant or to impregnate, sperm donation, in vitro fertilization) during the study and for 30 days after the last dose of IMP.
    Ogni soggetto deve soddisfare TUTTI i seguenti criteri di inclusione per risultare
    idoneo all’arruolamento nello studio:
    1. Soggetti ambosessi di età tra 18 e 75 anni, compresi.
    2. Evidenza di un documento di consenso informato personalmente firmato e datato con
    cui il soggetto indica di essere stato informato di tutti gli aspetti pertinenti dello
    studio prima dell’inizio di qualsiasi procedura correlata allo studio.
    3. Il soggetto è disposto e in grado di attenersi alle visite programmate, al piano di
    trattamento, agli esami di laboratorio e alle altre procedure dello studio.
    4. Diagnosi di IAP di Gruppo 1 secondo l’OMS classificata in base a uno dei seguenti
    sottogruppi:
    a. Ipertensione arteriosa polmonare idiopatica (IAPI);
    b. Ipertensione arteriosa polmonare ereditaria (IAPE);
    c. Indotta da farmaci e tossine in base alla precedente esposizione a farmaci, sostanze
    chimiche e tossine legali, quali derivati della fenfluramina, altri anoressizzanti, olio
    di colza tossico oppure L-triptofano. Un soggetto con IAP associata all’uso di farmaci
    illegali, quali metanfetamina, può essere incluso qualora si sia astenuto dall’
    assunzione e si sia sottoposto alle cure dello sperimentatore da almeno 1 anno
    immediatamente prima dello screening, con almeno 2 esami farmacologici sulle urine
    risultati negativi allo screening e disponibili per la revisione da parte del monitor
    medico; e, secondo il parere dello sperimentatore, si sia attenuto al suo attuale regime
    farmacologico e alle cure generali per l’IAP.
    d. IAP associata a:
    i. Malattia del tessuto connettivo (CTD);
    ii. Infezione da virus dell’immunodeficienza umana (HIV);
    iii. Shunt sistemico-polmonare congenito (il soggetto deve essersi sottoposto a
    correzione chirurgica almeno 1 anno prima dello screening).
    . Il soggetto deve essersi sottoposto a cateterizzazione cardiaca destra (RHC) allo
    screening o entro 365 giorni dallo screening (l’RHC sarà eseguita durante lo screening se non disponibile) che sia coerente con la diagnosi di IAP, soddisfacendo tutti i seguenti criteri:
    a. Pressione arteriosa polmonare media (PAPm) =25 mmHg (a riposo);
    b. Pressione di incuneamento polmonare (PCWP) pari a =15 mmHg [se la PCWP non è
    disponibile, la pressione diastolica terminale del ventricolo sinistro (LVEDP) deve
    essere =15 mmHg]
    c. RVP >3,00 unità Wood o >240 dyne/sec/cm5.
    Qualora negli ultimi 365 giorni prima dello screening sia stata eseguita più di una RHC,
    per questa valutazione deve essere usata l’RHC più recente comprendente parametri
    sufficienti a valutare i suddetti criteri.
    6. Il soggetto presenta sintomi di classe funzionale da II a IV secondo l’OMS/la NYHA.
    7. Se il soggetto assume una terapia di base per l’IAP, deve essere in terapia stabile
    con un antagonista del recettore dell’endotelina (ERA) e/o un agente che agisce sulla
    via di trasduzione del segnale dell’ossido nitrico (NO), un inibitore della
    fosfodiesterasi di tipo 5 (PDE5) o uno stimolatore della guanilato ciclasi solubile
    (sGC). I soggetti possono essere naïve a trattamenti specifici per l’IAP; tuttavia, i
    soggetti continueranno ad avere accesso alla terapia standard disponibile a livello
    locale in conformità alle linee guida nazionali.
    a. Per stabile si intende nessuna modifica nella dose o nel regime nei 90 giorni che precedono lo screening e per l’intera durata dello studio.
    b. I soggetti possono assumere 1 agente attivo nella via di trasduzione del segnale del NO, ovvero, un inibitore della PDE5 o un sGC a una dose stabile (ma non entrambi).
    c. Se la terapia del soggetto specifica per l’IAP non include un inibitore della PDE5, l’uso dell’inibitore della PDE5 secondo necessità per la disfunzione erettile (DE) è consentito a condizione che il soggetto non abbia assunto una dose entro 48 ore precedenti una qualsiasi valutazione di efficacia correlata al basale o allo studio. Inoltre, il soggetto non deve assumere più di 8 compresse al mese di sildenafil, 6 di vardenafil o 4 di tadalafil per DE.
    E.4Principal exclusion criteria
    Subjects must not meet ANY of the following exclusion criteria to be eligible for enrollment into the study, unless otherwise indicated:
    1. Body weight <40 kg.
    2. Body mass index (BMI) ≥40 kg/m2.
    3. Group 2 to 5 pulmonary hypertension according to the Nice classification [Simonneau, 2013].
    4. PAH diagnosis ≥5 years at Screening.
    5. For subjects with HIV-associated PAH, any of the following: concomitant active opportunistic infections within 180 days of Screening, detectable viral load within 90 days of Screening, cluster designation 4 (CD4+) T-cell count <200/mm3 within 90 days of Screening, changes in antiretroviral regimen within 90 days of Screening.
    6. Presence of 3 or more of the following risk factors for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction at Screening:
    a. BMI >30 kg/m2.
    b. Diabetes mellitus of any type.
    c. Essential hypertension.
    d. Significant coronary artery disease, i.e., any of the following: Angina, More than 50% stenosis in a coronary artery (by coronary angiography), Previous myocardial infarction, Previous or planned coronary artery bypass grafting and/or coronary artery stenting
    e. Left atrial volume index (LAVi) >30 mL/m2.
    7. Echocardiogram (ECHO) within 365 days prior to Screening demonstrating significant left-sided heart disease, including any of the following: left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction <40%, LVEF ≥50% but with impaired left ventricular (LV) relaxation.
    8. Has a cardiac index (CI) of >3.2 L/min/m2 obtained from a RHC performed at or within 365 days of Screening
    9. Acutely decompensated heart failure within 30 days prior to Screening.
    10. Evidence of protocol-defined significant cardiac disease history including, but not limited to: a/ Restrictive, dilated or obstructive cardiomyopathy b/ Percutaneous coronary intervention or coronary artery bypass surgery within 180 days prior to Screening c/ Any persistent (chronic) or permanent atrial fibrillation.
    11. Has evidence of more than mild parenchymal lung disease on PFTs performed within 180 days prior to Screening.
    Subjects with any of the following criteria will be excluded:
    a. Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) <60% (predicted) (pre-bronchodilators); or
    b. Forced expiratory volume in 1 second/forced vital capacity ratio (FEV1/FVC) <65% (pre-bronchodilators); or
    c. Total lung capacity (TLC) <70% predicted.

    For criteria 12 to 33 see protocol.
    I soggetti non devono soddisfare ALCUNO dei seguenti criteri di esclusione per poter arruolarsi nello studio, salvo se diversamente specificato:
    1. Peso corporeo <40 kg.
    2. Indice di massa corporea (IMC) =40 kg/m2.
    3. Ipertensione polmonare di Gruppo da 2 a 5 secondo la classificazione di Nizza
    (Simonneau, 2013).
    4. Diagnosi di IAP =5 anni allo screening.
    5. Per i soggetti con IAP associata ad HIV, uno qualsiasi dei seguenti:
    a. infezioni opportunistiche concomitanti attive entro 180 giorni dallo screening;
    b. carica virale rilevabile allo screening;
    c. conta dei linfociti T positivi al cluster di differenziazione 4 (CD4+) <200/mm3
    entro 90 giorni dallo screening;
    d. variazioni nel regime antiretrovirale entro 90 giorni dallo screening.
    6. Presenza di =3 dei seguenti fattori di rischio per insufficienza cardiaca con
    frazione di eiezione preservata allo screening:
    a. IMC >30 kg/m2.
    b. Diabete mellito di qualsiasi tipo.
    c. Ipertensione essenziale.
    d. Coronaropatia significativa, ovvero presenza di una qualsiasi tra le seguenti
    condizioni:
    i. Angina;
    ii. Stenosi >50% in un’arteria coronaria (rilevata mediante angiografia coronarica);
    iii. Precedente infarto miocardico;
    iv. Intervento pregresso o programmato di bypass aorto-coronarico e/o stent aortocoronarico.
    e. Indice di volume atriale sinistro (iVAS) >30 ml/m2.
    7. Ecocardiogramma (ECO) entro 365 giorni dallo screening che dimostri una
    significativa cardiopatia al lato sinistro, compresa una qualsiasi tra le seguenti
    condizioni:
    a. Frazione di eiezione del ventricolo sinistro (FEVS) <40%.
    b. FEVS =50% ma con compromissione del rilassamento del ventricolo sinistro (VS).
    Qualora sia stato eseguito più di un ECO negli ultimi 365 giorni precedenti lo
    screening, per questa valutazione deve essere usato l’ECO più recente che comprenda parametri sufficienti per valutare i suddetti criteri.
    8. Indice cardiaco (CI) >3,2 l/min/m2, ottenuto da una RHC eseguita allo screening o nei 365 giorni che lo precedono.
    9. Insufficienza cardiaca acuta scompensata nei 30 giorni precedenti lo screening.
    10. Evidenza di anamnesi di cardiopatia significativa definita dal protocollo compresa, senza limitazione, una qualsiasi tra le seguenti:
    a. Cardiomiopatia restrittiva, dilatata od ostruttiva.
    b. Intervento coronarico percutaneo o intervento di bypass aorto-coronarico nei 180 giorni precedenti lo screening.
    c. Eventuale fibrillazione atriale persistente (cronica) o permanente.
    11. Il soggetto presenta evidenza di malattia parenchimale polmonare più che lieve rilevata ai test della funzionalità polmonare (PFT) eseguiti nei 180 giorni precedenti lo screening. I PFT saranno eseguiti nell’ambito delle procedure di screening qualora non siano disponibili i dati entro 180 giorni dallo screening. I soggetti che soddisfano uno qualsiasi dei seguenti criteri saranno esclusi:
    a. Volume espiratorio forzato in 1 secondo (FEV1) <60% (previsto) (prebroncodilatatori);
    oppure
    b. Rapporto volume espiratorio forzato in 1 secondo/capacità vitale forzata (FEV1/FVC) <65% (pre-broncodilatatori); oppure
    c. Capacità polmonare totale (CPT) <70% del previsto. Se la CPT è >60% del previsto e <70% del previsto, è necessario eseguire un esame di diagnostica per immagini (es. tomografia computerizzata ad alta risoluzione [HRCT]) per escludere una malattia parenchimale polmonare più che lieve. Il soggetto può essere arruolato previa revisione e approvazione da parte del responsabile del monitoraggio medico.
    Per i criteri 12 - 33 si veda il protocollo.
    E.5 End points
    E.5.1Primary end point(s)
    The primary endpoint is the time (in days) from randomization to the first adjudicated protocol-defined clinical failure event. Subjects without a protocol-defined clinical failure event will be censored at date of last contact, 7 days after last study dose, interim analysis data cut date, or end of study date, whichever is the earliest.
    L’endpoint primario è l’intervallo di tempo (in giorni) compreso tra la
    randomizzazione e il primo evento di fallimento clinico convalidato definito dal
    protocollo.
    I soggetti senza un evento di fallimento clinico definito dal protocollo saranno
    censurati alla data dell’ultimo contatto, 7 giorni dopo l’ultima dose prevista dallo
    studio, alla data di cut-off dei dati dell’analisi ad interim o alla data di fine
    studio, a seconda di quale evento si verifichi prima.
    E.5.1.1Timepoint(s) of evaluation of this end point
    throughout the study
    durante lo studio
    E.5.2Secondary end point(s)
    • NT-proBNP will be analyzed using MMRM analysis with treatment, the stratification factors, week, and treatment-by-week interaction as factors and baseline NT-proBNP as a covariate. Least squares means, standard errors (SE), and 95% CIs for the treatments and their difference will be presented together with the p-value.
    • 6MWD will be analyzed using MMRM analysis with treatment, the stratification factors (less 6MWD stratum), week, and treatment-by-week interaction as factors and baseline 6MWD as a covariate. Least squares means, SEs, and 95% CIs for the treatments and their difference will be presented together with the p-value.
    • WHO/NYHA functional class will be analyzed using using CMH method adjusted for baseline WHO/NYHA functional class and using modified ridit scores to compute the test statistic and p-value for the between treatment comparison.
    • Time to all-cause hospitalization will be analyzed using Cox regression with a model that includes treatment and the stratification factors. The hazard ratio for treatment together with its 95% CI and p-value will be presented.
    • Time to all-cause mortality will be analyzed using Cox regression with a model that includes treatment and the stratification factors. The hazard ratio for treatment together with its 95% CI and p-value will be presented.
    • HRR following completion of 6MWT will be analyzed using MMRM analysis with treatment, the stratification factors, week, and treatment-by-week interaction as factors and baseline HRR as a covariate. Least squares means, SEs, and 95% CIs for the treatments and their difference will be presented together with the p-value.
    • The proportion of subjects who achieve all three of the following: NT-proBNP <300 pg/mL, 6MWD >440 meters, WHO/NYHA functional class II status or better will be analyzed using CMH method. The odds ratio will be presented together with 95% CIs and the p-value.
    • HRQoL measures will be analyzed using MMRM analysis with treatment, the stratification factors, week, and treatment-by-week interaction as factors and baseline domain score as a covariate. Least squares means, SEs, and 95% CIs for the treatments and their difference will be presented together with the p-value.
    •NT-proBNP sarà analizzato usando un modello di analisi a effetti misti per misure ripetute (MMRM) con trattamento, fattori di stratificazione, settimana e interazione trattamento/settimana come fattori e NT-proBNP basale come covariata. Le medie dei minimi quadrati, gli errori standard (ES) e gli IC al 95% per i trattamenti e le relative differenze saranno presentati insieme al valore p.
    • Il 6MWD sarà analizzato utilizzando l'analisi MMRM con trattamento, i fattori di
    stratificazione (meno lo strato MWD), settimana e l'interazione trattamento/settimana come fattori e la 6MWD basale come covariata. Le medie dei minimi quadrati, ES e gli IC al 95% per i trattamenti e le relative differenze saranno presentati insieme al valore p.
    • La classe funzionale WHO / NYHA sarà analizzata usando il metodo CMH aggiustato per la classe funzionale WHO / NYHA basale e utilizzando i punteggi riditici ridisegnati per calcolare la statistica del test e il valore p per il confronto tra il trattamento
    • Il tempo necessario per l'ospedalizzazione per tutte le cause verrà analizzato
    utilizzando la regressione di Cox con un modello che include il trattamento e i
    fattori di stratificazione. Verrà presentato il rapporto di rischio per il trattamento
    insieme al suo IC 95% e valore p.
    • Il tempo per la mortalità per tutte le cause verrà analizzato utilizzando la
    regressione di Cox con un modello che include il trattamento e i fattori di
    stratificazione. Verrà presentato il rapporto di rischio per il trattamento insieme al suo IC 95% e valore p.
    • HRR a seguito del completamento di 6MWT sarà analizzato usando un modello MMRM con trattamento, fattori di stratificazione, settimana e interazione trattamento/settimana come fattori e HRR basale come covariata. Le medie dei minimi quadrati, gli errori standard (ES) e gli IC al 95% per i trattamenti e le relative differenze saranno presentati insieme al valore p.
    E.5.2.1Timepoint(s) of evaluation of this end point
    Throughout the study; secondary endpoints will be assessed as the change from baseline to Week 28, except for time to all-cause hospitalization and time to all-cause mortality.
    Durante lo studio; gli endpoint secondari saranno valutati come il cambiamento dal basale alla 28a settimana, eccetto per il tempo di ospedalizzazione per tutte le cause e il tempo per la mortalità per tutte le cause.
    E.6 and E.7 Scope of the trial
    E.6Scope of the trial
    E.6.1Diagnosis No
    E.6.2Prophylaxis No
    E.6.3Therapy Yes
    E.6.4Safety Yes
    E.6.5Efficacy Yes
    E.6.6Pharmacokinetic Yes
    E.6.7Pharmacodynamic No
    E.6.8Bioequivalence No
    E.6.9Dose response No
    E.6.10Pharmacogenetic Yes
    E.6.11Pharmacogenomic No
    E.6.12Pharmacoeconomic No
    E.6.13Others Yes
    E.6.13.1Other scope of the trial description
    Proteomics, Metabolomics, and Gene Expression
    Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging (cMRI)
    Proteomica, metabolomica e analisi di espressione genica; Risonanza magnetica per immagini cMRI)
    E.7Trial type and phase
    E.7.1Human pharmacology (Phase I) No
    E.7.1.1First administration to humans No
    E.7.1.2Bioequivalence study No
    E.7.1.3Other No
    E.7.1.3.1Other trial type description
    E.7.2Therapeutic exploratory (Phase II) No
    E.7.3Therapeutic confirmatory (Phase III) Yes
    E.7.4Therapeutic use (Phase IV) No
    E.8 Design of the trial
    E.8.1Controlled Yes
    E.8.1.1Randomised Yes
    E.8.1.2Open No
    E.8.1.3Single blind No
    E.8.1.4Double blind Yes
    E.8.1.5Parallel group No
    E.8.1.6Cross over No
    E.8.1.7Other No
    E.8.2 Comparator of controlled trial
    E.8.2.1Other medicinal product(s) No
    E.8.2.2Placebo Yes
    E.8.2.3Other No
    E.8.2.4Number of treatment arms in the trial2
    E.8.3 The trial involves single site in the Member State concerned No
    E.8.4 The trial involves multiple sites in the Member State concerned Yes
    E.8.4.1Number of sites anticipated in Member State concerned5
    E.8.5The trial involves multiple Member States Yes
    E.8.5.1Number of sites anticipated in the EEA67
    E.8.6 Trial involving sites outside the EEA
    E.8.6.1Trial being conducted both within and outside the EEA Yes
    E.8.6.2Trial being conducted completely outside of the EEA No
    E.8.6.3If E.8.6.1 or E.8.6.2 are Yes, specify the regions in which trial sites are planned
    Argentina
    Australia
    Brazil
    Canada
    Chile
    China
    European Union
    Israel
    Japan
    Korea, Republic of
    Mexico
    Serbia
    Singapore
    Switzerland
    Taiwan
    Thailand
    Turkey
    Ukraine
    United States
    E.8.7Trial has a data monitoring committee Yes
    E.8.8 Definition of the end of the trial and justification where it is not the last visit of the last subject undergoing the trial
    LVLS
    LVLS
    E.8.9 Initial estimate of the duration of the trial
    E.8.9.1In the Member State concerned years3
    E.8.9.1In the Member State concerned months1
    E.8.9.1In the Member State concerned days
    E.8.9.2In all countries concerned by the trial years3
    E.8.9.2In all countries concerned by the trial months6
    F. Population of Trial Subjects
    F.1 Age Range
    F.1.1Trial has subjects under 18 No
    F.1.1.1In Utero No
    F.1.1.2Preterm newborn infants (up to gestational age < 37 weeks) No
    F.1.1.3Newborns (0-27 days) No
    F.1.1.4Infants and toddlers (28 days-23 months) No
    F.1.1.5Children (2-11years) No
    F.1.1.6Adolescents (12-17 years) No
    F.1.2Adults (18-64 years) Yes
    F.1.2.1Number of subjects for this age range: 560
    F.1.3Elderly (>=65 years) Yes
    F.1.3.1Number of subjects for this age range: 140
    F.2 Gender
    F.2.1Female Yes
    F.2.2Male Yes
    F.3 Group of trial subjects
    F.3.1Healthy volunteers No
    F.3.2Patients Yes
    F.3.3Specific vulnerable populations Yes
    F.3.3.1Women of childbearing potential not using contraception No
    F.3.3.2Women of child-bearing potential using contraception Yes
    F.3.3.3Pregnant women No
    F.3.3.4Nursing women No
    F.3.3.5Emergency situation No
    F.3.3.6Subjects incapable of giving consent personally No
    F.3.3.7Others No
    F.4 Planned number of subjects to be included
    F.4.1In the member state24
    F.4.2 For a multinational trial
    F.4.2.1In the EEA 235
    F.4.2.2In the whole clinical trial 700
    F.5 Plans for treatment or care after the subject has ended the participation in the trial (if it is different from the expected normal treatment of that condition)
    Subjects who experience a primary endpoint event at any time during the study and all subjects on IMP at the conclusion of the study (after the target number of events is achieved) will have the option to enroll in an open-label extension (OLE) study and receive treatment with ralinepag. Subjects who do not choose to participate in the OLE will discontinue IMP and may receive standard-of-care PAH treatment off-study, at the discretion of the treating physician.
    I soggetti che presentano un endpoint primario in qualsiasi momento durante lo studio e tutti i sogg che assumono IMP al termine dello studio (dopo il raggiungim num target di eventi) potranno arruolarsi in uno studio di estensione in aperto e ricevere il trattamento con ralinepag. I soggetti che decidono di non partecipare all’OLE dovranno interrompere l’IMP e potranno ricevere il trattamento per IAP previsto dallo standard di cura al di fuori dello studio, a discrezione del medico curante.
    G. Investigator Networks to be involved in the Trial
    N. Review by the Competent Authority or Ethics Committee in the country concerned
    N.Competent Authority Decision Authorised
    N.Date of Competent Authority Decision2021-10-07
    N.Ethics Committee Opinion of the trial applicationFavourable
    N.Ethics Committee Opinion: Reason(s) for unfavourable opinion
    N.Date of Ethics Committee Opinion2021-09-29
    P. End of Trial
    P.End of Trial StatusOngoing
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